Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) may be used as
one aspect in the assessment of the diet of an
( )
 Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the
Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-
DOST) launches the PDRI 2015 during the opening
ceremony of the 41st FNRI Seminar Series on
July 1, 2015 at the FNRI Auditorium
 The 2013 PDRI adopts the multi-level approach
for setting nutrient reference values
PDRI is the collective term comprising reference value
for energy and nutrient levels of intakes. The
components of PDRI are:
 Daily nutrient intake level that meets the
median or average requirement of healthy
individuals in particular life stage and sex
group, corrected for incomplete utilization or
dietary nutrient bioavailability
 Level of intake of energy or nutrient which
is considered adequate for the maintenance
of health and well-being of healthy persons
in the population
 Daily nutrient intake level that is based on
observed or experimentally-determined
approximation of the average nutrient intake
by a group (groups) of apparently healthy
people that are assumed to sustain a defined
nutritional state
 Highest average daily nutrient intake level
likely to pose no adverse health effects to
almost all individuals in the general population
***
 The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA),
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and
individual
 The RDA and Adequate Intake (AI) may be used
as a basis for planning an improved diet for the
same individual
 Likewise, the EARs and ULs may be used to
assess the nutrient intakes of a group of
individuals, such as those participating in a dietary
survey regularly conducted as part of the
National Nutrition Monitoring System
 The EAR and UL can also be used to plan
nutritionally adequate diets for groups of people
receiving meals in nursing homes, schools, and
other group-feeding settings
Using the RDA
 Individuals should use the Recommended Dietary
Allowance (RDA) as the target for their daily
nutrient intakes if an RDA has been established
 For example, to increase their vitamin A
consumption to meet the RDA (900 and
700𝜇g/day for men and women, respectively),
adults can increase their intake of foods that
provide performed vitamin A (including dairy
products, eggs, margarine, liver) and carotenoids
like 𝛽-carotene (deep green and yellow fruits
and vegetables)
 An 8-ounce glass of milk contains about 65 𝜇g
of performed vitamin A, and a half-cup serving
of carrots contains the equivalent of
approximately 950 𝜇g of vitamin A as 𝛽-
carotene
Using the AI
 Are set for infants through 6 months of age for
all nutrients, and for all nutrients except iron and
zinc, for infants 7 through 12 months of age
 Human milk will supply the AI for a nutrient for
term infants through 6 months of age, and so it
is not necessary to plan additional sources of
intakes for infants exclusively fed human milk
  Likewise, an infant formula with a nutrient
profile similar to human milk (after adjustment
for differences in bioavailability) should supple
adequate nutrients for an infant
 AIs are also set for children, adolescents, and
adults for vitamin K, chromium, and manganese.
Accordingly, individuals should use the AI as their
goal for intake of these nutrients

Using the Estimated Average

Requirement (EAR) for Groups
 The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for a
group of individuals may be estimated by
comparing the distribution of usual intakes with
the distribution of requirements. The Estimated
Average Requirement (EAR) is the appropriate
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) to use for this
purpose
Using the Adequate Intake for Groups
 Adequate Intakes (AIs) are assigned for infants,
and they reflect the average intake for infants
receiving human milk through 6 or 12 months of
age. Human milk and formulas with the same
nutrient composition as human milk (after
adjustment for bioavailability) provide the
appropriate levels of nutrients for full-term
infants of healthy, well-nourished mothers.
Groups of infants consuming formulas with lower
levels of nutrients than human milk may be at
some risk of inadequacy, but the prevalence of
inadequacy cannot be quantified
Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level
for Groups
 The proportion of the population with usual
intakes below the Tolerable Upper Intake Level
(UL) is likely to be at no risk of adverse effects
due to overconsumption, but the proportion
above the UL may be at some risk
 In the case of zinc, for example, the UL for
adults is 40 mg/day