www.covenantuniversity.edu.

ng

Raising a new Generation of Leaders

GEC 217--Engineer-In- Society
Module 1
Science, Technology and Development.

Coordinated
by Dr
Engr. Amuta E.O Agbetuyi
 www.covenantuniversity.edu.ng

Raising a new Generation of Leaders

 Introduction
• Improvement and development have made the entire
human race to depend on innovations in technology
• The prime mover of innovations in technology is ‘the
Engineer’
• Foundation of engineering started from creation
(Gen.1:1-2).
• Based on God’s experience ‘the engineer’ face the
challenge of having to think, analyze, design and
construct. Hence engineering is God’s own profession
• The work of an engineer is always distinct and hence
must be reckoned with.
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 Introduction
• The characteristic of human being is that we
develop tools and technology to adapt our
environment to meet our needs.
• Engineers contribute to the development of
many innovations that improves life.
• We shall consider examples of how
engineering has dramatically improved
society.

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ENGINEERING EDUCATION

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 ENGINEERING EDUCATION
• Engineering education integrates engineering
research and education to accelerate technological
and educational innovation that can improve the
quality and diversity of engineering graduates.
• Education is the acquisition of knowledge which is a
bridge over ignorance. This is making others to be
aware of an idea not known or to teach somebody
better ways of living or better ways of doing things that
is not known before.

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 ROLE OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION
Engineering Education:
i. Gives increase in knowledge that improves the standard of
living of man in all areas of human endeavor.
ii. it is a source of empowerment for individual.
iii. maximizes national intellectual resources.
iv. entails quality education, training and experience
v. involves thorough understanding of the fundamental
scientific principles.
vi. has led to technological development world wide.
vii. involves thorough understanding of the practical
applications of the basic knowledge underlying each
branch of engineering fields.

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 ROLE OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION cont’d
Engineering Education:
viii. builds sustainable development.
ix. makes environmental protection to be possible.
E.g. Renewable energy
x. sustains social and economic progress for the
benefit of mankind.
xi. gives opportunity for interaction in all fields of
engineering, physical science and social
sciences.
xii. brings about knowledge in what is not known
and has birthed new ideas and approaches.
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 TYPES OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION
 Academic Education
 Practical Training
1. Academic Education: this is acquired through lectures on
engineering courses in the Polytechnics and Universities.
2. Practical Training : this starts immediately after an attested
certification in academic education in any of the engineering
fields.
• this is purely the application of the theories obtained from
lectures during academic education.

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Engineering Misconception I: What is
Engineering?
C: Drive
B: Supervise Machines
A: Improving Construction
Machines
D: Read about
inventions

E: Arrange
flowers F: Design
things G: Construct
buildings H: Repair cars

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What is Engineering? Cont’d
I: Make Pizza
J: Design ways
to clean waters
K: Clean teeth

L: Work as
a team M: Install Wiring

N: Sell food

O: Teach
children

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What is Engineering?
Select the kind of jobs that indicates
Engineering. (ASSIGNMENT 1)

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 What is Engineering
• Engineering is the design, creation and analysis of things that
are practical and useful in our lives. At its core, engineering
incorporates design.
• Design, simply put, is creating something that has not existed
before, practical and useful in our lives.
• It is the application of creativity and teamwork using
mathematics and science principles as tools to solve
problems that will benefit society.
• Engineers shapes the world we live in.
• Engineers help change almost everything we encounter in
our lives, including what we feel, eat, see,wear and hear.

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 What is Engineering cont’d
In summary engineering is:
Cost-effective
• Minimize negative impacts (e.g. environmental and social cost) “
Solutions
• Emphasis on building devices “
Practical problems ”
• solving problems that matter to people
• improving human life in general through technological advance “
Application of scientific knowledge ”
• Systematic application of analytical techniques
• Improve structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.

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 DEFINITIONS
• Engineer: Engineer is that individual who
combines together the knowledge of science -
what the scientists observe, technologists
suggest and the demand of the public with a
view to solve technical problems that may
constitute challenges to the society.
• Society: this is a group of people who live in an
environment, town, region or country and their
ways of life.
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 DEFINITIONS cont’d
• Research: this is a process by which additional
information obtained or investigation
conducted is taken to the laboratory in order to
discover new facts or ideas of an existing
knowledge of science, engineering and
technology.
• Environment: this is a situation, condition or
circumstance that affects a person or thing
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 Science
• Science can be defined as the systematic study
of the physical or material world (natural
science) and of society (social science) that
generates, or creates, knowledge about them
from which data and information is drawn or
obtained.

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Goals of Science
A. Research to understand (pure research)
B. Research to solve a particular problem
(applied research)
C. Dispensing solutions (practitioner /
technologist)

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 Usefulness of Science
The knowledge generated by science is powerful
and reliable. It can be used to
• develop new technologies,
• treat diseases,
• and deal with many other sorts of problems
• solve practical problems, and
• make informed decisions
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 Science vs. Engineering
Scientists Engineers
i. Create knowledge Apply knowledge.
ii. Study the world as it is Seek to change the world.
iii. Trained in scientific method. Trained in engineering
design.
iv. Use explicit knowledge. Use tacit knowledge
v. Thinkers. Doers.
vi. The essence of science is The essence of engineering
Inquiry. is design.

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Science vs. Engineering

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 Engineering Misconception―II
How do you know something is a technology?. Which of these are examples
of technology? ( Assignment 2)

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Engineering Misconception―II cont’d
Single Handed
Barber

The Long Reach Lotion

Applicator
Wireless Key Finder

Dog Activated Home Heart

Outdoor Fountain Check The Sleep Assisting
Music Headband

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 TECHNOLOGY
• Technology can be defined as the application of
scientific knowledge , engineering skills to
develop techniques as to produce a product
and/or deliver a service OR the application of
scientific knowledge for practical ends.
• It is the methods, systems and devices which
are the results of scientific knowledge used for
practical purposes
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 TECHNOLOGY cont’d
Technology is a prime mover of the
economic and industrial development of any
nation.
it is the result from research works with new
skills incorporated. It cannot be transferred,
bought nor stolen but it can only be acquired
through constant practice. i.e. “practice makes
perfection”

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 Meaning of “technology”
The word “technology” encompasses essentially three
meanings:
1. tools and instruments to enhance human ability to shape
nature and solve problems (such as a hammer and nail),
2, knowledge of how to create things or how to solve
problems (such as to make an atomic bomb),
and
3.culture (our understanding of the world, our value
systems).
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 Meaning of “Technology”
cont’d
Historically related to the first meaning, the emergence of human
civilization has been closely connected to the development of tools for
hunting, agriculture, irrigation and water management, and navigation.
This birthed several kinds of technology. Technology approaches
came into being through inventions and discoveries.
• Related to the second meaning, technology is the development of
modern scientific knowledge, based on empirical observations,
hypotheses, and generalizations on the natural laws concerning the
behavior of materials and the living environment.

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 Meaning of “technology”
• While the third meaning culture, says technology has
permeated society to such an extent that,
• separation between technology and culture is no
longer meaningful. All human activities, like
housing, nutrition, transportation, work, leisure,
even art and imagination, become heavily
enmeshed with technology.
• We “own” products of technology by a process of
“cultural appropriation”, in which the use of
technologies are learned, interpreted, and given
meaning in everyday life.
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 Meaning of “technology”

• We are living in a “culture technique” in the

sense that our deepest and most private
knowledge and emotions are permeated by
technology.

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 HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY
History of technology is dated as far back as the pre-historic age. the
present more advanced technology approaches came into being
through inventions and discoveries.
the materials used in fashioning out the inventions were bones, woods
flints and stones.
During the bronze age (2000BC) copper was discovered.
The copper was used to make ploughs and more superior implements
such as smiths and carpentry tools.
During the iron age (1000BC) well improved and more effective tools
were manufactured.
Engineering works started in Egypt where the first chiefs of works were
employed.
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 HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY cont’d
The chiefs of works were in charge of supervising various buildings and
structures such as temples, tombs, tents and also irrigation projects.
the Greek came on scene by borrowing the technology of the Egyptians but
gave their builders the name architecting from which the word
architect originated.
the Romans also rose using the technology of the Greeks as base and built
bridges, roads, aqueducts and various other structures that were
essential to humanity.
Various other nations of the world had very highly developed technology.
(such nations include Babylonia, Assyria, India and China)

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 HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY cont’d
After the fall of the Roman empire, the Arabs of Africa and the
near east preserved the then available technology.
During the middle ages technology found its way to Europe.
In the 13th century military engineering took off in France and
later in Britain. This led to industrial revolution in Britain.
The industrial revolution in Britain also gave birth to the idea
of differentiating civil engineers from military engineers.

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 DEVELOPMENT
• Development can be defined as a process of
economic and social advancement in terms of
quality of human life. It can be measured in terms
of culture, wealth, education, healthcare,
opportunities. Development is the process of
making a basic design that never existed before to
be more refined or more advanced for the benefit
of mankind.
• It is about expanding the choices people have to
live a better life.

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 DEVELOPMENT
The three objectives of Development are
 To increase food, shelter, health care and
protection (security).
 To raise levels of living.
 To expand the range of economic and social
choices available to individuals.

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 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Technology Development:
Has replaced man by machines (world of
automation).
It has reduced labour cost.
it involves the application of knowledge and
skill and
Has paved way for new approaches in the
industries.
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 Engineering Misconception―III

E: Carpenter
C: Auto D: Welder
A: Electrician B: Plumber mechanic

H: Trade I: Profession

F: Printing press G: Train

Which of these occupations does
operator operator Engineering belong to ? Assignment 3
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 Engineering as a Profession
Engineering is a Profession in which knowledge
of math and natural sciences, gained by study,
experience, and practice, is applied with
judgment to develop ways to use, economically,
the materials and forces of nature for the benefit
of mankind.
– Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology (ABET)

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 Engineering as a Profession cont’d
Major milestones which may mark an occupation being
identified as a profession include:
• an occupation becomes a full-time occupation
• the establishment of a training school
• the establishment of a university school
• the establishment of a local association
• the establishment of a national association
of professional ethics
• the establishment of state licensing laws

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 Engineering as a Profession cont’d
• Satisfies an indispensable social need
• Requires trust, discretion, judgment
• Applies knowledge and skill not possessed by the
public
• Promotes professional ideas
• Has standards of admission
• Employs a code of ethics, ensuring appropriate
conduct and competence.
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Engineering as a Profession cont’d
Today’s professional
engineers demonstrate
a personal and
professional
commitment to society,
to their profession, and
to the environment.
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 QUALITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
A professional Engineer must:
• Have extensive intellectual training
• passed qualifying examination so as to be registered with the
appropriate regulating body (COREN, NSE, IEE, IEEE, etc.)
• Have vital skills
• Have monopoly of practice
• autonomy to be self regulated
• Practice code of ethics

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 ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION
Type and Print. Maximum of two pages.
To be submitted next class, Friday.
Please ensure u put down yr Name and
Matric number with yr course/program
reps when submitting. No submission is
allowed a day after

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See u next class
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