TASK- 2

SUBMITTED BY
SHOBHANAM KRISHNA
REG NO.- 2022PHD002

REVIEW A RESEARCH PAPER AND CHECK IF THEY MEET THE

PARAMETERS AS PORTRAYED IN A GOOD RESEARCH.

Introduction

Good research is one that provides robust and ethical evidence. It must revolve around a novel

question and must be based on a feasible study plan. It must make a significant contribution to

scientific development by addressing an unanswered question or by solving a problem or

difficulty that existed in the real world.

A good research involves systematic planning and setting time-based, realistic objectives. It

entails feasible research methods based upon a research methodology that best suits the nature

of your research question. It is built upon sufficient relevant data and is reproducible and

replicable. It is based on a suitable rationale and can suggest directions for future research.

Moreover, all relevant ethical guidelines must be practiced while conducting, reporting, and

publishing good quality research. A good research benefits the various stakeholders in society

and contributes to the overall development of mankind.

Parameters of Good Research

Following are the parameters of a good research-

o Purpose clearly defined
o Research Process Detailed
o Research design thoroughly planned
o High ethical standards applied
o Limitations frankly revealed
o Adequate analysis for decision makers needs
o Findings presented unambiguously
o Conclusions justified
o Researcher’s experience reflected
 Example of a good research

Research Topic

Predictive Modelling of Employee Turnover in Indian IT Industry Using Machine Learning

Techniques

o Purpose clearly defined

The research purpose is a statement of "why" the study is being conducted, or the goal of the
study. It will also explain what is being explored or studied, how it is being explored and where
it is being explored. A clearly defined purpose statement defines the direction, reason or goals
for the research being conducted with a clarity.
Explanation wrt research topic
In the above mentioned research topic, the purpose statement was to develop a prediction model
based on the employee data in order to tackle the problem of employee turnover of the Indian
IT sector.
o Research Process detailed
Research process in detail consists of a series of steps or actions required for effectively
conducting research while formulating the research problem, extensive literature survey,
developing hypothesis, preparing the research design, determining sample design, collecting
data, execution of the project, analysis of data, hypothesis testing, generalization and
interpretation, and preparation of the report or presentation of the results.
The five (5) steps in the detailed research process are:

Figure- The five (5) steps in the detailed research process

Explanation wrt research topic

With respect to above topic of research the the detailed research process consists of all steps n
between locating and defining issues or problems to reporting research findings.

It is found that Information technology (IT) industry in India has been facing a systemic issue
of high attrition in the past few years, resulting in monetary and knowledge-based loses to the
companies. The aim of this research is to develop a model to predict employee attrition and
provide the organizations opportunities to address any issue and improve retention. Predictive
model was developed based on supervised machine learning algorithm, support vector machine
(SVM). Archival employee data (consisting of 22 input features) were collected from Human
Resource databases of three IT companies in India, including their employment status
(response variable) at the time of collection. Accuracy results from the confusion matrix for
the SVM model showed that the model has an accuracy of 85 per cent. Also, results show that
the model performs better in predicting who will leave the firm as compared to predicting who
will not leave the company.
o Research design thoroughly planned
The research design is the blueprint for collecting data that fulfills objectives and answers
questions. This stage of the planning answers two questions:

1. Data collection design. What data needs to be collected, how, and in what format?

2. Sampling design. From whom or what do the data need to be collected, and from how
many?
Explanation wrt research topic
In the above example Archival employee data (consisting of 22 input features) were collected
from Human Resource databases of three IT companies in India, including their employment
status (response variable) at the time of collection.
o High ethical standards applied
The most important aspect of ethical standards that will need to be ensured is that the
respondent data is kept confidential for the safety of the people that are surveyed since it will
include all personal and professional information.
In the above research high ethical standards were maintained and respondents data were kept
confidential and safe.
o Limitations frankly revealed
There are certainly limitations that come with the type of research. The limitations of the
research can be found within the scope of research.
Explanation wrt research topic
In the above work the limitation revealed was, in future, the feature set needs to be changed,
so as to develop a more accurate model . This will also reduce the misclassification rates.

o Adequate analysis for decision makers needs.

Analysis of the data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the methods
of analysis used should be appropriate.
Explanation wrt research topic
In the research work being discussed here the data analysis , which is a process of editing and
reducing accumulated data to a manageable size, developing summaries, looking for patterns,
and applying statistical techniques was being done using supervised machine learning
algorithm i.e support vector machine (SVM). This is easier to adopt in any organization.
o Findings presented unambiguously
The findings and evidence gained from the research data will then need to be presented clearly
in words, tables and graphs. The findings should be supported by facts and then organized in a
way for decisions makers to understand and to proceed with their decision to the situation. In
addition to this characteristic, the findings need to not only be clearly written, but to be backed
up by solid facts, without exaggerations and/or misleading information.
Explanation wrt research topic
The findings of the above research is discussed as below-

Model Accuracy
The accuracy of the model was found to be 0.85 (or 85%), which is a significantly accuracy
level. This indicates that the trained SVM model classifies and hence predicts an employee’s
attrition possibility in the future accurately by 85 per cent. This classification is based on the
19 features selected, for each of the employee, including their demography and job-related
characteristics.
Confusion Matrix of Trained Model
The confusion matrix for the present SVM attrition classifier is given in Table 2 (also
see Figure 3 in the research paper). It shows a high true negatives (the model predicted correctly
‘No’ for an employee who did not leave the company), but also a significant number of false
negatives (refer to Table 4 in the research paper).
On the basis of the confusion matrix, the model was further evaluated by calculating several
other metrics, as shown in Table 5 in the research paper.
The misclassification rate at 14 per cent of this model suggests that the model has a small
error rate, which could be due to the similarity of features of some employees belonging to
active and inactive classes. Further, the specificity of the classifier or the classifying power of
the model to predict who will not leave the company is 97 per cent. However, the precision of
the model which correctly predicts that an employee would leave the firm at 65 per cent is low,
which could be attributed to the disproportion of active and inactive employee data in the
training dataset. Here, precision of this classifier is different from accuracy, in that accuracy
represents the total sample that is been correctly identified, while precision represents only
those samples that have been positively identified and are actually positive.

o Conclusions justified
Finally, with the data results gathered by the researchers, it will be used as a conclusion for the
goal of the research. The organization and researchers will need to leave out personal
experience and other information that may intervene with the results. At the end, after the
research is completed, the researcher are recognized for their work methods.
Explanation wrt research topic

Employee attrition is a major problem that the Indian IT industry has been experiencing in the
last decade. This research was aimed to develop a prediction model using machine learning, to
tackle the problem of employee turnover in the Indian information technology industry.
Although classification tools have been used to predict employee churn in the past, more focus
has been given to neural networks as an effective machine learning tool and comparing the
accuracies of different classification tools. In this study, an attempt has been made to test the
accuracy of a simple classification tool, SVM, to predict employee attrition in IT industry, with
an aim of encouraging organizations in the country to adopt it. Using current status of employee
as a response variable, a SVM model was trained and its performance evaluated. Results from
the feature selection showed that gender, business travel and the number of companies worked
are not relevant to predict the attrition in the current study. Gender bias and glass ceiling have
been known to plague the IT industry, especially in developing countries like India
(Bhattacharya & Ghosh, 2012).
Results from the confusion matrix show that the accuracy of the model is 85 per cent with
a small misclassification error of 14 per cent. This model can correctly predict if employees in
an IT organization may leave or continue to work, in the near future, based on their job
characteristics and performance. Previous machine learning models developed to predict
employee attrition had an average accuracy range of 52 per cent–97 per cent, suggesting our
model has significantly high accuracy to be adopted by organizations in India.
This study is the first of its kind to directly apply a machine learning classification tool to
address the attrition problem of a particular industry, the Indian IT industry. Moreover, this
study has significantly large dataset in order to train and test the model and hence provide a
more significantly accurate model for employee prediction. Managers and IT organizations in
India can adopt this model to analyse and predict their employee attrition behaviour and
accordingly adopt strategies to improve job satisfaction among them. Moreover, managers can
also isolate important factors that lead to attrition behaviours within their organization, to
provide optimal solutions for eliminating them. In future, the feature set needs to be changed,
to develop a more accurate model and also reduce the misclassification rates.
 o Researcher’s experience reflected
Greater confidence in the research is warranted if the researcher is experienced, has a good
reputation in research, and is a person of integrity.
Explanation wrt research topic
Here Shikha N. Khera is first author and is currently Assistant Professor at Delhi Technological
University, Delhi, India. She has an experience of around 15 years in academics. Divya the
second author is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Management Studies, Central
University of Haryana, since 2013. Thus both the authors have good research & teaching
experience and are a person of integrity .