3.

Methodology

3.1 Introduction:

In this chapter, it focuses all of the writing patterns including all the studies which is

primarily based as well as relevant variables, along with the speculation, which was addressed.

This chapter has highlighted the current study's research paradigm based on the previous chapter.

The research method, design, population, and sample procedure are all highlighted and described

in this chapter. In addition, the use of the questionnaire from prior studies has been examined.

3.2Research Approach:

For this research, basic sorts of research approaches that is conducted are There are three

(1) quantitative research (2) qualitative research (3) mixed research. Thist study is based on

quantitative research approach. Furthermore, in this present study, a quantitative technique was

used. As claimed by Ab-Talibet al., 2013; Chapman, 2011; Cooper & Schindler, 2006; Zikmund

et al., 2013 when the connectivity and link between the groups are studied, the quantitative

approach is to be relevant. Through quantitative survey comprehensive study can take place

comparatively qualitative research, researcher can get reliable and precised result while receiving

data. In a very thorough context, quantitative research shows the link between the variables and

also focused the cause and effect. Data is gathered from small & large manufacturing

companies. After data collection, have been analyzed on SMART PLS for receiving progressive

outcomes.

3.3Research Purpose:

As per last record it has been shown that there seem to be less comprehensive studies on

environmental challenges and their implications on the industrial sector, consequently, no

authentic research has been gathered and conducted in the account of Pakistan, as this result,
improvised research models and additional research in this field is necessary. There are mainly

three types of researches that is explanatory, exploratory and descriptive, this ongoing study is

highlighting explanatory study of research as explanatory research brings clarity and

understanding the problem more profoundly and it also depicts the researcher to test the causal

relation of the variables , the effect of one variable to another. So it is neccessary to use the

explanatory purpose which is presented in the current ongoing study, the relationship and

connections between the independent, mediating, and dependent variables have been described

and consistently illustrated.

3.4Research Design:

The design which is used in this investigation is causal research. The causal research

design has been implemented to determine the cause and effect of two or more variables and it’s

also describes when an target is to understand what kind of associations naturally occurring

variables have with one another. The current research focuses the impact of multiple independent

variable over the environmental collaboration and sustainable production.

Further,, this current study highlighted the cross-sectional arrangement of the studies

where the data was only collected at once. Matveev, (2002) it proved a point of looking that the

quantitative research design or cross sectional research approach, is more reliable and validate

and as results, quantitative approach outcomes has far more effective and efficient.

3.5Data Source & Instrumentation:

In current survey, the research technique, which is used is primary data, primary data is

said to be a present data that the researcher gathers data directly from the current sources. The

questionnaire is structured questionnaire which is being used as a survey strategy. Some little

changes have been made to this questionnaire for better clarity and understanding. The target
population was the qualified and experiences professionals of supply chain department who

works in manufacturing industry. This questionnaire is presented in the statement form and it is

very simple and easy to understand and also validated from the professional before conducting a

research. This questionnaire is prepared through the data collection and the questionnaire

adaptation is from multiple sources that is describe below in the table. The questionnaire is

consisting of 10 variables and total 49 items. We prepare five Likert scale points to measure

dependent and independent variable (ranging between strongly disagree strongly agree).

Following are the sources for adaption of question.

The questionnaire was derived from a variety of sources, which are acknowledged in the

specification.

Instrumentation

Variables Items Sources

The table below lists the sources of the adapted construct.

3.6Face & Content Validity:

the questionnaire validation is a vital part of effective research conducting (Tan et al.,

2019). The main aim of focusing and achieving validity is the most challengin one. (Neuman,

2007). In the initial part, the discussion of questionnaire in this research with the different supply

chain experts, further to make more assure content validity, and as well as to the experience

corporate professionals for pretesting purpose and then forwarded to further survey to the other

relevant respondents. The proof emails have been attached in Appendix B.

3.7Population

The provided the data for this study, including HODs, supply chain heads, production

managers, managers, logistic managers, of manufacturing industries with a strong

perception of understanding of supply chain strategies, & environmental management

practices to make up the mind of the target audience, questionnaire is also been send and

distributed through email addresses and in contact list to the professionals who are

working closely with the manufacturing sector in Karachi. Large and medium-sized

industrial enterprises in Pakistan were used as the study's unit. Because the main aim of

this study is to come to conclusions regarding a conceptual perspective rather than a

specific demographic (Edmonds and Kennedy, 2016). For proving valid results, some

people are nominated as valid responders, and their responses are presented without any

manipulation.

The Karachi Chamber of Commerce& Industry representing around 17,000 industries,

trading & export firms of various sizes have made the provision of sampling list. For the study,

KCCI directory was considered to be a valid representation of Pakistani manufacturing

companies.
3.8 Sample Size:

For calculation of the sample size , we have calculated the data through Daniel Soper sample size

calculator. In this research no. of independent variable are 08 and no. of dependent variables are

03, the sample is based on 215 respondents in total. The data is gathered from supply chain

professionals who are working in the different manufacturing firms; we tried our level best for

collecting authentic responses by approaching relevant peoples in industry for making the

research more constructive. The result has been shown in Appendix B.

3.9 Sample Technique:

The sampling technique which is used is non-probability sampling. In this study non-

probability sampling technique is used and within the non-probability purposive sampling was

selected for the data collection of this current research. Bernard-H. R, (2002) data gathering is

the most crucial part in this research as it particpates mainly to a better clarity of understanding a

theoretical framework Moreover the purposive sampling mainly focused on judgment sampling

as the researcher selection is based on the participant according to their qualities, it does not

include a random technique as the researcher set out the participants through own various

experiences and knowledge Bernard-H. R, (2002). The research samples picked immediately

based on the expertise and competence of researche taking it on other levels. , we evaluate

participants in research studies who we believe are a good fit (in terms of attributes and

population representation).
3.10 Statistical Technique for Data Analysis:

There are two types of statistical techniques. For screening the data and to detecting the

missing values and to eliminate multivariate and univariate outliers SPSS has been considered in

this research. After purifying the data the PLS SEM 3.2.7 has been used for conducting the

hypothesis testing as PLS SEM has been used for conducting the complex model with the

multiple variables and constructs. According to Hair Jr et al., (2014), the PLS SEM has been

updated in such a way to facilitate more complex conceptual model and address data issues and

variance.

3.11 Operational Definitions:

3.12 Ethical Consideration:

DIscussing about how this research has been conduct, the primary and major concern is to

maintain the ethical objectives and it can't be ignore in any perspective. Information in this

reporf is reliable and comes from a valid source. each respondent is aware of the study's purpose

and mature enough to considered it in ethical way. Every aims and concerns were assured that

the information they provided would only be utilized for research purposes. And the participants

knows that the study is administered for tutorial purposes in order that their answers help us to

finish our work and respondent were informed that after completion of research the knowledge

they provided are going to be exhausted and confirm there is no misuse of provided information.