NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA-8

MID-SEMESTER EXAMINATION, 2021

SESSION: 2021-22 (Autumn)
B. Tech.7th Semester
Subject Name: High Voltage Engineering & HVDC Transmission
Subject code: EE-4103 Dept. Code: EE
No. of pages: 01 Full Marks: 30 Duration: 2 Hours

All parts of a question should be answered at one place

Answer All questions

Q. No. Particulars Marks

1. I. Electrical conduction in gases was first studied in 1905 by [10×1=10]

(a) Loeb (b) Maxwell

(c) Townsend (d) Hertz

II. According to Townsend current growth process the current (I) in a unit
electric field gap is
(a) 𝐼𝑜 𝑒 −𝛼𝑑 (b) 𝐼𝑜 𝑒 𝛼𝑑
(c) 𝐼𝑜 𝑒 𝛾𝑑 (d) 𝐼𝑜 𝑒 −𝛾𝑑

III. The breakdown criterion in a uniform field electrode gap is

𝜂
(a) 𝛼 −𝛾𝑑 = 1 (b) 𝛼 = (1−𝛾)
(c) 𝛾𝑒 𝛼𝑑 = 1 (d) 𝛾𝑒 −𝛼𝑑 = 1
IV. Time lag for breakdown is
(a) Time difference between (b) Time taken for the voltage
instant of applied voltage to rise before breakdown
and occurrence of occurs
breakdown
(c) Time required for gas to (d) None of the above
breakdown under pulse
application
V. At standard temperature and pressure, the electric field at which breakdown
occur in air with a small gap d (cm) is given by

(a) 30 + 6.08/d (b) 24.2 + 6.08/d

0.301
(c) 24.2 +6.08/√𝑑 (d) 30d[1 + ]
√𝑑

VI. The approximate value of time to front in an impulse voltage generator

(a) 3R1C1 (b) 2.3 R1C1

(𝐶 𝐶 ) (d) 0.7 (R1+R2)(C1+C2)
(c) 3𝑅1 𝐶 1+𝐶2
1 2
 VII. A 16 stage impulse voltage generator has stage capacitance of 0.125 µF and a
charging voltage of 200 kV. The energy rating in kJ is
(a) 40 (b) 50
(c) 80 (d) 640

VIII. Corona occurs before the breakdown in a sphere to ground air gap when ratio
of gap distance to the radius of sphere is
(a) > 1.0 (b) > 3.0
(c) > 10 (d) < 1.0
IX. CVT when tuned does not have
(a) Ratio error (b) Phase angle error
(c) Both ratio and phase angle (d) Temperature error
errors

X. Sphere gap measurement is linear and valid for gap spacing less than equal to
(a) Radius of the sphere (b) Diameter of the sphere
(c) Half the radius of sphere (d) Two times diameter of
the sphere
2. (a) With a neat circuit diagram explain the Chubb-Fortescue method for the [4+4+2=10]
measurement of peak value of ac voltage. State its advantages over other
methods.
(b) What is penning effect referred to gaseous discharge? Discuss various
factors which affect breakdown of gases? Write down the application of
breakdown phenomena.
(C) In an experiment to measure 𝛼 for a given gas, it was found that the steady-
state current is 2.7×10-8 A at a voltage of 10 kV and spacing of 0.005m
between the plane electrodes. With the spacing increased to 0.01m the
current increases to 2.7×10-7 A for the same electric field between the
electrodes, (i) Calculate 𝛼 (ii) Calculate the number of electrons emitted
from the cathode per second.
3. (a) What do you mean by ‘Time Lag’ of electron initiation and breakdown of a [4+4+2=10]
spark gap? Explain the mechanism of streamer formation and development
leading to breakdown.
(b) Why grounding is very important in a high voltage laboratory? Describe a
typical grounding system used in a High Voltage Laboratory.
(c) Why Electromagnetic shielding is required in high voltage laboratory?