8

Computer System
Servicing
QUARTER 2-Module 1-10

DO_Q2_TLE – CSS8_Module 1-10

TLE – CSS – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jeanette G. Encinada, Joan C. Balbin, Leila G. Santos,

April Rose C. de Vega, Mark Gerald B. Isulat, Melgrace L. Alfero,
Evelyn C. Santos, Mary Ann F. Castillo, Aileen R. Felix, Joan A. Lasar,
Marites H. Hipolito, Jilian, Parohinog, Jean C.Mangulabnan

Reviewers: Hector SG. De Dios, Arlene B. Maniquiz,

Divina Gracia DJ. Daquil, Jed A. Camposano

Editors: Timothy Justin G. Francisco, Hector SG. De Dios

Illustrator: Manny Plantilla
Layout Artist: Hector SG. De Dios, Jayson M. Bautista, Raphael A. Lopez
Management Team:
MELITON P. ZURBANO, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent (OIC-SDS)
FILMORE R. CABALLERO, CID Chief
JEAN A. TROPEL, Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS
REMDIOS L. SANTOS. EPS – EPP/TLE/TVL

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

Telefax: (02) 8292 – 3247
E-mail Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov.ph

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Learning Competency: Using and Maintaining Hand Tools
Learning Outcome 1: Prepare hand tools
1.1 Identify tasks to be undertaken are properly identified.
1.2 Classify and select appropriate hand tools according to the task
requirements.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIb-18
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
a. Name the different hand tools in computer systems servicing.
b. Classify the hand tools according to its use.
c. Assess the value of the different hand tools.

Directions. Write Real if the statement is correct and Fake if it is not exactly correct.
Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. The first task to be undertaken in the proper tool selection is to ask the co-
worker.
2. Field experience in the safe use of tools is the most important consideration
in selecting the best tool.
3. Tweezers, wire cutters and flashlights are hand tools in computer
hardware repair kits.
4. Needle-nose plier is sometimes called a nut driver.
5. A tool used by a computer technician which is also known as a pearl-
catcher is a part retriever.
CSS HAND TOOLS
Lesson 1
Week 1

Directions. Write P if the picture uses electrical energy and NP if it is manipulated

by hands alone. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. One of the tasks
to be undertaken in computer systems servicing is a Proper Tool Selection such as:
● Know and understand in detail the scope of work to be accomplished and plan
for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.
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 ● Select the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the
tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s
guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
● Obtain all the associated tooling and consumable parts of the tools, as
recommended by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related
consumable parts must also be selected and used according to their
manufacturer’s instructions.
● Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed.

A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system

using only hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or
electrically powered, using electrical current. They are available individually or as
part of a computer repair toolkit. Some common hand tools and their uses are:

Flat head screwdriver -

is a wedge-shaped flat Wire cutter – a device
tip, used to tighten or used to cut wires
loosen

Philips head screwdriver Tweezers – used to

= – used to loosen or manipulate small
tighten cross-head parts.
screws.

Torx screwdriver – used Part retriever – used to

to loosen or tighten retrieve parts from
screws that have a star- location that are too
like depression on the small for your hand to
top. fit

Hex driver – sometimes Flashlight (US) or

called a nut driver, is torch (UK) – is a
used to tighten nuts in portable hand-held
the same way that a electric light.
screwdriver tightens
screws.

Wire stripper - is a
Needle-nose plier – used tool designed to
to hold small parts. remove the protective
covering (jacket) from
a cable to expose the
inner wires.

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Directions. Classify the following hand tools listed according to its use on the table
below. Write your answers on your notebook.
Wire cutter Needle-nose plier Torx screwdriver
Flat head screwdriver Part retriever Tweezers
Hex driver Phillips head screwdriver Wire stripper
CUTTING HOLDING TURNING
e.g. Wire cutter

Directions. Supply the table by writing the tools available in your home.
Answer it on your notebook.
NAME OF THE PICTURE of the USE PROPER
TOOL TOOL STORAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A. Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your quiz booklet.
1. What is the first task to be undertaken in the proper tool selection?
A. Plan of the scope
B. Ask the co-worker
C. All consumable parts must be considered
D. Understand in detail the scope of work to be accomplished.
2. In selecting the best tool for each task, which is to be considered?
A. Proper use of the tools
B. Field experience in the safe use of tool
C. Following the manufacturer’s instructions
D. All of these
3. It is used to light up dark areas.
A. Tweezers C. Torx screwdriver
B. Flashlight D. Part retriever
4. It is sometimes called a nut driver.
A. Hex driver C. Part retriever
B. Wire cutter D. Lint-free cloth

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5. A tool with star-like depression on the top.
A. Tweezers C. Torx screwdriver
B. Hex driver D. Phillips head screwdriver
B. Directions. Identify the following images of tools by writing the letter
corresponding its name on your notebook.
A. Flat head screwdriver C. Tweezers E. Wire stripper
B. Phillips head screwdriver D. Wire Cutter
99.

6.____ 7. _____ 8.____ 9._____ 10.____

Learning Competency: Using and Maintaining Hand Tools

Learning Outcome 2: Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment
2.1. Check appropriate hand tools for proper operation and safety.
2.2. Identify and mark unsafe or faulty tools for repair according to standard
company procedures.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIc-19
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify tools according to the task undertaken.
2. Report malfunctions, unplanned or unusual events to supervisor
3. Observe safety procedures in using tools at all times.

Directions. Write the answer to complete the statement in your notebook.

1. The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to ________ the electrical charge between
you and the equipment.
2. Turn the screwdriver _________ to tighten the screw
3. Turn the screwdriver ________________ to loosen the screw.
4. Use a ________ head screwdriver with crosshead screws.
5. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like a _________
and trap the heat.
USING AND MAINTAINING OF CSS
Lesson 1 HAND TOOLS (UHT)
Week 2

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a
traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program
that activates and controls a particular function.
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Directions. Identify the appropriate tool to use for each of the following
statements. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Equalize the electrical charge between you and the equipment.
2. Tighten / loosens screw
3. Tighten /loosens bold with a hexagonal head
4. Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your fingers
5. Tighten / loosen a slotted screw.

PROPER USE OF ESD TOOLS

The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge
between you and the equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that
connects your body to the equipment that you are working on. When static electricity
builds up in your body, the connection made by the wrist strap to the equipment, or
ground, channels the electricity through the wire that connects the strap.
The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:
1. Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap or Velcro.
The metal on the back of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at
all times.
2. Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect
the other end either to the equipment or to the same grounding point that the
antistatic mat is connected to. The metal skeleton of the case is a good place to
connect the wire. When connecting the wire to equipment that you are working on,
choose an unpainted metal surface. A painted surface does not conduct the
electricity as well as unpainted metal.
An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity
away from a component and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding
point:
1. Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
2. Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can
place parts as you remove them from the system.
Reducing the potential for ESD reduces the likelihood of damage to delicate circuits
or components.

PROPER USE OF HAND TOOLS

A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This
topic covers many of the various hand tools used when repairing computers.
Screws
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver
on the head of the screw. Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and
counterclockwise to loosen the screw.
Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten them with a screwdriver. A
stripped screw may get stuck in the screw hole, or it may not tighten firmly. Discard
stripped screws.
Flat head screwdriver
Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not
use a flat head screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver
as a pry bar. If you cannot remove a component, check to see if there is a clip or
latch that is securing the component in place.

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 CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component,
something is probably wrong. Take a second look to make sure that you have not
missed a screw or a locking clip that is holding the component in place. Refer to the
device manual or diagram for additional information.
Phillips head screwdriver
Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type
of screwdriver to puncture anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.

Hex driver
Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided)
head. Hex bolts should not be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be
stripped. Do not use a hex driver that is too large for the bolt that you are using.
CAUTION: Some tools are magnetized. When working around electronic
devices, be sure that the tools you are using have not been magnetized. Magnetic
fields can be harmful to data stored on magnetic media. Test your tool by touching
the tool with a screw. If the screw is attracted to the tool, do not use the tool.
Part retriever, Needle-nose pliers, or tweezers
The part retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers can be used to place and
retrieve parts that may be hard to reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any
components when using these tools.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the
setting of switches or to pry off jumpers. The pencil lead can act as a conductor and
may damage the computer components.
Proper Use of Cleaning Materials
Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance
program. Dirt can cause problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and
other mechanical components. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of
dust will act like an insulator and trap the heat. This insulation will impair the ability
of heat sinks and cooling fans to keep components cool, causing chips and circuits
to overheat and fail.
CAUTION: When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air
should be blown around the components with a minimum distance of four inches
from the nozzle. The power supply and the fan should be cleaned from the back of
the case.
CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from
the power source.
Computer Cases and Monitors
Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning solution on
a damp, lint-free cloth. Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of water
to create the cleaning solution. If any water drips inside the case, allow enough time
for the liquid to dry before powering on the computer.
LCD Screens
Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen,
unless the cleaner is specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will
damage the coating on the screen. There is no glass protecting these screens, so be
gentle when cleaning them and do not press firmly on the screen.
CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth
with distilled water and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Then use a soft, dry
cloth to wipe the screen and remove any streaking after you have cleaned the
monitor.
Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air. Compressed air does
not cause electrostatic buildup on components. Make sure that you are in a well-

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ventilated area before blowing the dust out of the computer. A best practice is to wear
a dust mask to make sure that you do not breathe in the dust particles.
Blow out the dust using short bursts from the can. Never tip the can or use
the compressed air can upside down. Do not allow the fan blades to spin from the
force of the compressed air. Hold the fan in place. Fan motors can be ruined from
spinning when the motor is not turned on.
Component Contacts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing
alcohol. Rubbing alcohol contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure
that the contacts do not collect any lint from the cloth or cotton swab. Blow any lint
off the contacts with compressed air before reinstallation.
Keyboard
Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum
cleaner with a brush attachment.
CAUTION: Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case. The
plastic parts of the vacuum cleaner can build up static electricity and discharge to
the components. Use only a vacuum approved for electronic components.
Mouse
Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not
spray glass cleaner directly on the mouse. If cleaning a ball mouse, you can remove
the ball and clean it with glass cleaner and a soft cloth. Wipe the rollers clean inside
the mouse with the same cloth. Do not spray any liquids inside the mouse.

Directions: Write the appropriate tool/s to use for each of the following tasks. Write
your answer in your notebook.
1. Loosen computer casing screws 6. Remove insulation of wires
2. Blow away dust from keyboard 7. Loosen nuts
3. Tighten screws of a laptop 8. Prevent from ESD effects
4. Bundle cables inside the computer
5. Test functionality of the printer port

Directions: Demonstrate the following tasks given below. Write your answer in your
notebook.
TASK WAS THE TOOL WAS THE TOOL
USED CORRECTLY? USED PROPERLY?
YES NO YES NO
Loosen computer casing screws
Blow away dust from keyboard
Tighten screws of a laptop
Bundle cables inside the computer
Test functionality of the printer port
Remove insulation of wires
Loosen nuts

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 Prevent from ESD effects
Total Score

Rubrics:
For Total Score – Number of Yes for correct tool used.
– Number of Yes for tool used properly.

INTERPRETATION OF SCORE
16 Excellent
14-15 Very Good
12-13 Good
9-11 Fair
8 and below Poor
Highest Possible Score is 16.

Directions. Write the words to complete the statements below on your notebook.
1. When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should
be blown around the components with a minimum distance of ______ inches
from the nozzle.
2. Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of
switches or to pry off jumpers because the tip contains _____ which can act
as a conductor and may damage the computer components.
3. To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth
with _______ water and wipe the screen from top to bottom.
4. Clean the contacts on components with _________ alcohol.
5. Use a __________ to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-
sided)

Learning Competency: Maintain Hand Tools

Learning Outcome 3: Maintain hand tools
3.1. Use tools according to tasks undertaken
3.2. Undertake routine maintenance of tools according to standard
operational
procedures, principles and techniques
3.3. Store tools safely in appropriate locations in accordance with
manufacturers
specifications or standard operating procedures.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIId-20
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify different ways on how to maintain hand tools.
2. Apply the basic tips in maintaining tools and equipment.
3. Value the importance of maintaining hand tools and equipment.

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Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect. Write
your answer on your answer sheet.
1. All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are
not endangered.
2. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools,
equipment and machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition,
limit downtime and extend productivity.
3. The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance
will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used.
4. Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed
from service.
5. Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their
equipment.

Lesson 1 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

MAINTENANCE
Week 2

Proper Use of Tools, Equipment and Cleaning Materials

Proper use of tools and equipment is very important to prevent any accident
in a working place. This also makes your work less difficult and ensures that tasks
are performed properly and safely. All safety procedures in using tools should be
observed at all times.
Directions: Write a sentence that describes the given pictures below. Write your
answer in your notebook.
PICTURE1 PICTURE 2

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 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not
endangered. Regulations require inspection of tools, machines, and equipment before
use. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools,
equipment and machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit
downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks
themselves are potentially hazardous and can result in injury. A successful
maintenance program is:
● well organized and scheduled,
● controls hazards
● defines operational procedures, and
● trains key personnel.
The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance
will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment
may have very specific inspection and maintenance requirements. Electronic
equipment may have different maintenance requirements. Hand tools may require
only basic maintenance. Power tools should be maintained in good working order.
This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when needed and those
guards or other safety devices are operable and any damaged electrical cords/plugs
are repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged
and removed from service.
Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment.
Large companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the
capital investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease
equipment and maintenance services may be included in the leasing agreement.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
● Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the
manufacturer
● Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
● Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent
(e.g. licensed mechanic)
● Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted.
● Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and
where the records are kept.
● Setting up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools
and equipment.
STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT
To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a
long time, store them properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to
find when needed and are less likely to be lost.
Good practices include:
● Tools and parts should be properly stored and labelled (Figure 1).
● Draw the shapes of the tools on the board so that they always get put back
in the same position. (Figure 2)
● Use bins for storing small parts (Figure 3)
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 ● Assign an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good maintenance
of tools and parts.

FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3

BASIC TIPS ABOUT MAINTENANCE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. Clean the Tools Regularly.

Whenever you use any tools for your projects, make sure to clean them
immediately. The next day, you will notice there is a layer of dirt that may lead to
rust. That is why you should clean the tools after use. You don’t need to use
chemicals every time, sometimes wiping is good enough.
2. Lubricate the Tools.
Machine tools include moving parts that require lubrication to work
smoothly. Check the details daily, whether they are properly lubricated.
3. Sharpen the Essential Parts.
Some equipment is used for cutting and slicing, such as blade, drill bits, and
lathe tools. You will need to check whether it is sharp or not. If these tools are not
sharp enough, it may result in serious injuries.
4. Store Properly.
Proper storing also enhances the lifetime of any machine tools. Moisture and
air are the reason for rust over the metal surface of the devices. You will need to
keep the tools in a place that is dry and clean. If the tools are extensive, keep it in a
tight closing garage or dry basement or insulated rooms.
5. Repair
Repairing is another essential tip for maintenance tools and equipment. Keep
checking your tools and repair it immediately which is quickly fixable.
6. Inspect tools regularly.
Regularly inspect your tools for signs of damage and faulty functioning.
Inspections should take place at the end of each construction job. Ensure that you
repair them immediately if there is any damage. This will avoid any last-minute
hassle.

A. Directions: Write what is asked in the following statements on your answer sheet.
1. Good practices in the proper storage of tools (at least 2)
2. Benefits of proper storage of tools (at least 2)
B. Directions: Write the appropriate words to complete the statements below on
your answer sheet.
All tools and equipment must be properly 1. ___________ so that workers are
not endangered. Regulations require 2. ___________ of tools, machines and
equipment before use. 3. ____________ is the systematic care and protection of tools,
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equipment and machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit
downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance
tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can result in injury. To ensure that
tools and equipment remain in 4. _____________ and last for a long time, store them
properly. 5. _____________ tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed
and are less likely to be lost.

Directions: Perform the maintenance activities given for each tool. Rate yourself
using the scoring rubric below.

TOOLS MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY

1. Flat Head Screwdriver Clean and sharpen
2. Wire Cutter Clean, Lubricate and Sharpen, if necessary
3. Tweezers Clean
4. Flashlight Clean and Change batteries if drained
5. Needle-Nose Pliers Clean and Lubricate
Scoring Rubric:
Activity Excellent Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Score
(5) (4) (3)
Cleaning hand tools
Magnetizing hand tools
Changing batteries
Lubricating hand tools
Storing hand tools

Directions: Search for the five (5) basic tips for maintenance tools and equipment.
You may look for the word/ words vertically, horizontally, backward,
upward or downward. Write the words you found on your answer sheet.

W Q R U Y S U H J N M T R K N M
F G B N M T F E Q X S T U I O P
D R F B H O T H J N M J O D G C
Z X C D Q R E P A I R R F W T F
A X D T U E D F T Y B H Y Q R D
A D S F S P X E D Q D C D G A B
Z F G U Y R A H P U T P Q T D G
C B T O O O N N S T C K A Y F H
F Y P P P P Y T N R A L D H R T
T O O F R E P E M C O U E F E Y
Y P S H A R P E N T P Y C A C U
O A D D C L F Y A N Q T H C N O
P Q G Q Q Y T E T A C I R B U L

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Learning Competency: Perform Calculation and Mensuration (PMC)
Learning Outcome 1: Select Components to be Measured
1.1 Identify object/s or components to be measured.
1.2 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
1.3 Obtain accurate measurements for the job.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIa-b-10
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Differentiate RAM from ROM.
2. List down the different components to be measured in CSS.
3. Value the importance of components to be measured in CSS.

Directions: Choose the correct answer and write it in your activity notebook.
1. What do you call the chips that are located on the motherboard?
A. RAM B. ROM C. USB D. Memory Module
2. What part of the computer is the magnetic device installed in the computer?
A. Hard Drive B. Floppy Drive C. Optical Drives D. External Flash Drive
3. What early drive controller interface connects computers and hard disk
drives using a 40-pin connector?
A. SATA B. SCSI C. DDR D. IDE
4. What storage device has a temporary storage for data and programs that are
being accessed by the CPU?
A. RAM B. ROM C. USB D. Memory Module
5. What is the storage drive that uses lasers to read data on the optical drive?
A. Hard Drive B. Floppy Drive C. Optical Drives D. External Flash Drive

Lesson 1 PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS,

Quarter 2 COMPUTER PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT
Week 3

PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT

To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a
long time, it should be stored properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be
easy to find when needed.

Directions: Arrange the following jumbled letters to find the correct word given.
Write your answers in your notebook.

1. OYMEMR
2. SEGRITSRE
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 3. OTSGAER VEDSIEC
4. BUHTM RIVED
6. ITLACOP VIRDE

GOOD PRACTICES IN PROPERLY STORING OF TOOLS,

PARTS AND EQUIPMENT
● Tools and parts should be properly stored and labeled.
● Draw the shapes of the tools or provide a print-out of the tools on the
board so that they always get put back in the same position.
● Use bins for storing small parts.
● Assign an individual/s responsible for the good maintenance of tools and
parts.
COMPUTER MEMORY
Memory is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used most often to
identify fast, temporary forms of storage. If your computer's CPU has to constantly
access the hard drive, it would operate very slowly. When the information is kept in
memory, the CPU can access it quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store
data temporarily.
The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes
from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data go into
Random Access Memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores pieces of data it will need
to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special instructions in the register.
● Read-Only Memory (ROM) chips are in the motherboard. ROM chips contain
instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for
booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM. ROM
chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered down. The
contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.
● Random Access Memory (RAM) is the temporary storage
for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.
RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents
are erased when the computer is powered off. The more
RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer must
hold and process large programs and files, as well as
enhance system performance.
Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips.
The individual memory chips, called Dual Inline Package (DIP) chips, were difficult
to install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this problem,
designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory
module.
Single In-Line Memory Modules (SIMMs) have 30-pin and 72-pin
configurations. Dual In-Line Memory Module (DIMM) is a circuit board that holds
SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can
process because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As
processor speed increases, memory speed also increases. For example, single-
channel memory is capable of transferring data at 64 bits. Dual-channel memory

14
increases speed by using a second channel of memory, creating a data transfer rate
of 128 bits.
Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM
(Synchronous DRAM). The higher the DDR, the faster the performance it brings to
the computer; however, none of these DDR technologies are backward- or forward-
compatible. Even with a wide and fast bus, it still takes longer for data to get from
the memory card to the CPU than it takes for the CPU to process the data. Caches
are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data used most often by the
CPU instantly available. Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU that
contain specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit
(ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled directly by the compiler
that sends information for the CPU to process.
STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.
The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a
media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard
drive. For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB
port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These portable storage drives are sometimes
referred to as removable drives and can be used on multiple computers.
Common Types of Storage Drives:
● Floppy Drive or Floppy Disk Drive - is a storage device that
uses removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. These magnetic floppy
disks can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data. In a computer, the
floppy drive is usually configured as the A: drive. The floppy drive
can be used to boot the computer if it contains a bootable floppy
disk. A 5.25-inch floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.
● Hard Drive or Hard Disk Drive - is a magnetic storage device that
is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive
is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating
system and applications. The hard drive is often configured as the
first drive in the boot sequence. The storage capacity of a hard drive
is measured in billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB).
Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin
magnetic platters and the drive heads. In contrast, the newer Solid-
State Drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts. Because there are no
drive motors and moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the
magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile flash memory chips manage all
storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to data, higher
reliability, and reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor
as magnetic hard drives and use ATA or SATA interfaces. SSDs can be
installed as a replacement for magnetic drives.
● Optical Drive - is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on
the optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact
Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD). CD,
DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable
(write once), or rewritable (read and write multiple times).

15
 ● External Flash Drive or Thumb Drive - is a removable storage
device that connects to a USB port. An external flash drive uses the
same type of non-volatile memory chips as Solid-State Drives and
does not require power to maintain the data. These drives can be
accessed by the operating system in the same way that other types
of drives are accessed.

Types of Drive Interfaces

● IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology Attachment
(ATA) is an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk
drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.
● SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface.
A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
● SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can
connect to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An
SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on your activity
notebook.
1. What is a storage drive that uses removable 3.5-inch disks?
A. Hard Disk Drive B. Floppy Drive C. Optical Drives D. External Flash Drive
2. What do you call the soldered memory chips on a special circuit board?
A. ROM B. Memory module C. USB D. RAM
3. What do you call the removable storage device that is connected to the USB port?
A. Hard Disk Drive B. Floppy Drive C. Optical Drives D. External Flash Drive
4. What part of the computer has a memory cell built right into the CPU that contains
specific data needed?
A. Cache B. Bottleneck C. ALU D. Registers
5. What do you call the technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM?
A. SCSI B. DDR C. SATA D. IDE

Directions: Identify the following images of storage devices. Write your answer in the
activity notebook.

1. 2. 3. 4 5

Directions: Write the meaning of the following acronyms in your activity notebook.
1. RAM - __________________________ 6. SSD - ____________________________
2. ROM - __________________________ 7. IDE - ____________________________
3. HDD - __________________________ 8. DVD - ____________________________
4. DIP - ___________________________ 9. SATA - ___________________________
5. DDR - ___________________________ 10. SCSI - ___________________________

16
Learning Competency: Performing Mensuration and Calculation
Learning Outcome 2. Carry out Mensuration and Calculation
2.1. Perform calculation needed to complete work tasks using four
fundamentals’ operations (addition, subtractions, multiplications, divisions).
2.2 Employ different techniques in checking accuracy of the computation.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify the fundamental operations use in carry out mensuration and
calculation
2. Calculate in binary and data storage in digital representation of CSS.
3. Value the importance of computing digital representation in CSS.

Directions: Compute for what is asked in the following items with solution. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of your paper.
1) Convert 25 to binary.
2) How many 10-KB files can be stored in a 1 MB folder?

Lesson 2 CALCULATING AND CONVERSION

OF DATA STORAGE
Week 4

Computers are very important nowadays, especially in this time of

pandemic. Do you wonder how a computer interprets, represents, and stores
information? Humans interpret words and pictures; computers interpret only
patterns of bits that give us all necessary information that we need.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1.The term bit is an abbreviation of?
A. Binary digital B. Binary Bit C. Both Digital D. Bring Digit
2. A bit can have two possible values. What value are those?
A. 0,1 B. 2,2 C. 3,1 D.6,7
3. How many b is required to have a byte?
A. 10 B.7 C.5 D.8
4.It uses binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers, and special
characters with bits.
A. Module B. Computers C. Machines D. scanners

17
 5. It can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: computer
data, graphics, photos, voice, video, and music.
A. Codes B. bit C. byte D. binary

DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest
piece of data. A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit
(0). A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two states. For
example, a light switch can be either on or off; in binary representation, these states
would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively.
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers, and
special characters with bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code
for Information Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a
string of bits.
For example:
Capital letter: A = 01000001
Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011
Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers,
is known as a byte. Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information
digitally: computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video, and music.
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY
To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the
number by 2. Get the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get
the quotient and remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.
Example: 75
Quotient Remainder
75/2 37 1
37/2 18 1
18/2 9 0
9/2 4 1
4/2 2 0
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1
75 = 1001011
Checking: 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 multiplier
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
64 0 0 8 0 2 1 results
64+8+2+1= 75

CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital
storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used

18
to represent data storage capacity. When referring to storage space, we use the terms
bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB). One
kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A megabyte
represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824
bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The exact number is gained by taking 2^n
power.
Quantities of bytes
Common prefix Binary prefix
Decimal Binary Binary
Name Symbol Name Symbol
SI JEDEC IEC
kilobyte KB/kb 103 210 Kibibyte KiB 210
megabyte MB 106 220 mebibyte MiB 220
gigabyte GB 109 230 gibibyte GiB 230
terabyte TB 1012 240 tebibyte TiB 240
petabyte PB 1015 250 pebibyte PiB 250
ezzabyte EB 1018 260 exbibyte EiB 260
zellabyte ZB 1021 270 zebibyte ZiB 270
yettabyte YB 1024 280 yobibyte YiB 280

In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the
greater the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a
digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB
or more.
Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure
the size or storage capacity of a device. Examples of components and devices that
use byte storage include random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs,
DVDs, and MP3 players. CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB.
DVDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc,
and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs have a storage capacity of 25
GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc. Once we know the size of
a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being used. For
example:
A file is 20 KB in size
1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space);
then approximately a total of 51 files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 /
20,480 = 51.2).

Directions: Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary. Perform checking
to verify answers. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 19 2. 23 3. 43 4. 52 5. 68

19
Directions: Solve the problems indicated below. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Jane has 600 MB of data. Bob has 2000 MB of data. Will it all fit on Alice's
4 GB thumb drive? Show your solution.
2. Paulo has 100 small images, each of which is 500 KB. How much space
do they take up overall in MB?

Directions: Complete the table below. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Quantities of bytes
Common prefix
Decimal Binary
Name Symbol
SI JEDEC
kilobyte 1.______ 103 2.______
3._______ MB 106 220
gigabyte 4.______ 109 230
terabyte TB 5.______ 240

Learning Competency: Identify Different Kinds of Technical Drawings

Learning Outcome 1: Identify different kinds of technical drawings
1.1 Select technical drawing in accordance with the job requirement
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12TD-IIf-g-13
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify the different flowchart symbols used in technical drawing.
2. Perform the technical drawing segregation in accordance with the types and
kinds of drawing.
3. Value the importance of using flowchart used in technical drawing.

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. It is represented by a rectangle referring to an A. Decision
action in a business process.
2. It is represented by a diamond showing a process B. Process
answerable by “yes" or "no" requires
a decision box.
3. It is represented by a small circle or a connector C. Arrow line
box and it is labelled using letters.
4. It is drawn in one direction, preferably from top D. Connector

20
 to bottom to keep a flowchart clear.
5. It is represented by a rectangle with double E. Sub-process
lines on each side.

Lesson 3 FLOW CHART ELEMENTS

AND SYMBOLS
Week 5

FLOWCHART
A flowchart is a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the nature and
flow of the steps in a process. Another name for this tool is "flow diagram”.

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the series of

processes in a business system. A flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient
business system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing system

Directions: Identify what is being described. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.
1. It indicates that a particular step is connected to another page or part of
the flowchart.
2. It shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no-go.
3. It indicates both the starting point and the ending point of the process
steps.
4. It shows where an in-process measurement occurs.
5. It represents an individual step or activity in the process.

ELEMENTS OF A FLOWCHART
1. Terminator - is represented by a small rectangle with curved corners. It appears
at the start and at the end of a flowchart. The end terminator appears only once on
a single flowchart.
2. Process - is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a business
process. It must be described clearly and concisely. It is a process can be described
using a single verb-noun phrase; for example, "Order Office Supplies." The same level
of detail must be kept in processes on a single flowchart.
3. Sub-process - is represented by a rectangle with double lines on each side. It is
a major process that could be broken up into simpler processes developed into
another flowchart.
4. Decision - is represented by a diamond. It requires "yes" or "no" answer.
5. Connector - is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is labelled
using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer than a flowchart on
several pages. A connector ensures that the processes are connected logically and
correctly on several pages.
6. Arrow Lines – are drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom to keep
a flowchart clear. Looping arrow lines indicate redundancy in the business process.

21
Benefits of Using Flowcharts
1. Promote understanding of a process. People may have differing ideas
about how a process works. A flowchart can help you gain agreement about
the sequence of steps. It promotes understanding in a way that written
procedures cannot do. One good flowchart can replace pages of words.
2. Provide a tool for training employees. Because of the way they visually
lay out the sequence of process steps, flowcharts can be very helpful in
training employees to perform the process according to standardized
procedures.
3. Identify problem areas and opportunities for process improvement.
Once you break down the process steps and diagram them, problem areas
become more visible. It is easy to spot opportunities for simplifying and
refining your process by analyzing decision points, redundant steps, and
rework loops.
Basic Flowchart Symbols
1. Oval. An oval indicates both the starting point and the ending point of the
process steps.
2. Box. A box represents an individual step or activity in the process.

3. Diamond. A diamond shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no-go.

Each path emerging from the diamond must be label with one of the possible
answers.
4. Circle. A circle indicates that a particular step is connected to another
page or part of the flowchart. A letter placed in the circle clarifies the
continuation.
5. Triangle. A triangle shows where an in-process measurement occurs.

Example of a Simple Flowchart

Start

Process

Yes

No
Process Discussion

Process

End

Directions: Write the meaning of the following flowchart symbols on your answer
sheet
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
22
Directions: List down 5 benefits of using flowchart. Write your answer in your
answer sheet.

Directions: Select two (2) topics and make flowcharts on your answer sheet.
a. Scientific Method
b. Baking Chocolate Chip Cookie
c. Uploading Videos in YouTube
d. Hand Washing
e. Earthquake Drill

Learning Competency: Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing

Learning Outcome 2: Interpret technical drawing
2.1 Identify dimensions of the key features of the objects depicted in the
drawing.
2.2 Identify and interpret symbols used in the drawing correctly.
2.3 Check and validate drawing against job requirements or equipment
according to standard operating procedures.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIg-h-14
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify the symbols used in technical drawing;
2. Construct technical drawing; and
3. Interpret technical drawing.

Directions: Draw the basic flowchart symbols corresponding to their specific

functions on your notebook.

SPECIFIC MEANING

1. It shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no-go.

2. This symbol represents an individual step or activity in the process.
3. It indicates that a particular step is connected to another page or part
of the flowchart.
4. This symbol shows where an in-process measurement occurs.
5. It indicates both the starting point and the ending point of the
process steps.

23
 PREPARING AND INTERPRETING
Lesson 3 TECHNICAL DRAWING
Week 6

Flowcharts are used in designing and documenting simple processes or

programs. Like other types of diagrams, they help visualize what is going on and
thereby help understand a process, and perhaps also find less-obvious features
within the process, like flaws and bottlenecks.
When designing and planning a process, flowcharts can help you identify its
essential steps and simultaneously offer the bigger picture of the process. It
organizes the tasks in chronological order and identifies them by type, e.g. process,
decision, data.

Directions: Find at least five (5) terms/words related in flowchart. You can double
a letter or use the same letter more than once in each word. Write your
answer on your notebook.

How do you interpret flowcharts?

✔ Determine who is involved in the process.
✔ Form theories about root causes.
✔ Identify ways to streamline the process.
✔ Determine how to implement changes to the process.
✔ Locate cost-added-only steps.
✔ Provide training on how the process works or should work.

Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis of
your flowchart.
Step 1 - Examine each process step for the following conditions that indicate a
need to improve the process:
● Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be
caused by redundant or unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or
other factors.
24
 ● Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of inadequate
training of process workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or
replaced, or insufficient technical documentation. "Inform the drill leader
and improvise" is one of the weak links.
● Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be interpreted
and performed in a different way by each person involved, leading to process
variation. "Improvise" is a poorly defined step in the weak link cited above.
Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol. You may want to collect data on how often
there is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked by a diamond shaped
symbol. If most decisions go one way rather than the other, you may be able to
remove this decision point.
Step 3 - Examine each rework loop. Processes with numerous checks generate
rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the rework loop and identify
those that need to be improved. Look for ways to shorten or eliminate the loop.
Step 4 - Examine each activity symbol. Does the step help build a key quality
characteristic into the end product? If not, consider eliminating it.
Types of Flowchart
1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the
sequence of work steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify
rework and redundant or unnecessary steps within a process.
2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow
and identifies the people or groups involved at each step. This type of chart shows
where the people or groups fit into the process sequence, and how they relate to
one another throughout the process.
How to construct a linear flowchart?
1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators,
technicians, or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
3. Establish process boundaries - the starting and ending points.
● Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the
process.
● Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any
doubt or confusion about the boundaries. This may also help establish the
scope of related processes.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure
about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with
the last step and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the flowchart.

Directions: Arrange the following steps in developing a linear flowchart by writing

the numbers 1-7 on a separate sheet of paper. Items no. 1 and 6 are
done for you.
1. 7 Review and title the flowchart.
2. ___ Put the steps in chronological sequence.5
3. ___ List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted.4
4. ___ Establish process boundaries - the starting and ending points.3
5. 6 Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
25
6. ___ Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.1
7. ___ Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart who are actually involved
in the process.2

Directions: Create a simple flowchart to illustrate the process of any one (1) of the
following topics. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. Creating an FB account
2. Preventing COVID-19
3. Proper handwashing

A. Directions: Write FACT if the statement is correct and BLUFF if it is incorrect

on your notebook.
1. A diamond symbol shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no.
2. Interpreting your flowchart will help you to form theories about root causes.
3. A linear flowchart shows the actual process flow and identifies the people or
groups involved at each step.
4. One of the steps in developing a linear flowchart is to assign flowchart symbols
such as boxes, diamonds, and squares.
5. Weak links are the steps where problems occur because of inadequate training
of process workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or replaced.
B. Directions: Create a flowchart showing how to troubleshoot a lamp, given the
flowchart parts jumbled below. Write your answer in your notebook. (10 pts.)

Plug in lamp Repair lamp Replace bulb

Lamp doesn’t work

Lamp Bulb
plugged burned
in? No No Yes Yes out?

Learning Competency: Identify Hazards and Risks

Learning Outcome 1: Identify hazards and risks
1.1 Identify and explain workplace hazards and risks.
1.2 Identify Hazards/risks and their corresponding indicators in line
with the company procedures.
1.3 Recognize and establish contingency measures in accordance with
organizational procedures.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ic-d-4

26
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify the different types of hazards and risks in the workplace.
2. Apply the 5S principle to avoid hazards and risks in the workplace.
3. Value the importance of recognizing the different hazards and risks
to establish a good contingency plan in your workplace area.

Directions: Classify the type of hazards. Write P for Physical, M for Mechanical, C
for Chemical, and E for Electrical hazard. Write your answer on a
separate answer sheet.
1. Unlabeled bottle with cleaning solution.
2. Cables running across the floor.
3. Sharp-edged tools.
4. Open wired on power supply unit.
5. Slippery computer laboratory floor

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

Lesson 4 SAFETY PROCEDURES (OHS)
Week 7

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a systematic approach to preventing

disease and injury at work by recognizing hazards and risks. Everyone in the
computer and technology industry is accountable for health and safety. You must
assess the risks in your workplace. Eliminate or reduce the risk.

Directions: Analyze the picture below and answer the following questions on a
separate paper

1. What do you observe in the picture?

2. What will happen if our computer
laboratory is like this?

https://www.hseblog.com/5-common-workplace-hazards-you-cant-afford-to-ignore/

27
Three Steps for Managing Workplace Health and Safety:
Step 1: Spot the Hazards (Hazard Identification) anything that could hurt you
or someone else.
Step 2: Assess the Risks (Risk Assessment) means knowing how likely a
hazard will harm someone and how severe the harm could be.
Step 3: Make the Changes (Risk Control) by fixing hazards by yourself or with
the help of professionals.

TYPES OF HAZARDS AND RISKS

Types of Hazard What are the risks?
1. Physical Hazards ⮚ fracture, loss of footing, slip or
e.g. cables running across the floor fall
scattered objects in the passage
2. Mechanical Hazards
e.g. hot components ⮚ burn
sharp edges ⮚ bruises or cuts
3. Chemical Hazards ⮚ poisoning
e.g unlabeled cleaning solvent
4. Electrical Shock
e.g frayed power cord ⮚ electric shock or cause of the
opening of the power supply unit fire

APPLYING 5S ON YOUR COMPUTER

1. Seiri-Sorting/Putting things in order. Remove/discard what is not
needed so that fewer hazards and less clutter interfere with work. Only
keep what is required.
2. Seiton-Orderliness/Proper Arrangement. Place things in such a way that
they can be easily reached whenever they are needed. "There must be a
place for everything, and everything must be in its place."
3. Seiso-Clean/cleanliness. Keep the workplace and things clean and
polished; no trash or dirt in the workplace.
4. Seiketsu-Standardize/Purity. Maintain cleanliness after cleaning,
consistently perpetual cleaning. Such cleaning is part of everyone's work.
5. Shitsuke-Sustaining/Discipline/Commitment. Maintain standards and
keep the facility in safe and efficient order day after day, year after year.

I. Directions: Identify what hazard shows in the given situation below. Write the
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Open electrical wirings 4. Hot computer components
2. Laser printer toner/ink 5. Defective tools or equipment
3. Scattered objects in the passage
28
II. Directions: Organize the given smartphone applications according to the
category provided below.

Facebook Messenger Instagram

Chrome Twitter Clash of Clan
Mobile Legend Opera Mini Talking Tom 2

Directions: Complete the table below by writing the hazards that you found on your
home, the risks caused by the hazards and the necessary changes to be
applied to avoid accidents. Answer it in your notebook.

Spot the Assess the Make the

hazards risks changes
List the hazards Describe the What will you
risks do?

Rubrics: 4 3 2 1
Criteria
Number of Four hazards Three hazards Two hazards One hazard
hazards or more
Description of Complete and Completely All hazards Hazard not
risks accurate and properly are described completely,
assessment of describe all but not accurately and
hazards hazards, but precisely and described
not clearly. clearly.
Suggested ways Complete and Complete and Complete, but It is incomplete,
of controlling doable and accurate, but not very exact, incorrect, or
hazards correct ineffective and ineffective impractical.

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your quiz booklet.
1. What type of hazard is caused by exposure to the chemical in the workplace?
A. Chemical B. Electrical C. Mechanical D. Physical
2. Nilo used a damaged tool in assembling the computer system unit. What hazard
can potentially harm him?

29
 A. Chemical B. Electrical C. Mechanical D. Physical
3. Which of the following defines keeping the workplace and things clean and
polished?
A. Seiri B. Seiso C. Seiton D. Shitsuki
4. Tanya does cleaning as part of her everyday work. She shows ______.
A. Cleanliness C. Standardized
B. Orderliness D. Sustaining
5. The following statement is true EXCEPT.
A. You can make the change by fixing hazards by yourself only
B. OHS is a systematic approach to preventing disease and injury at work
C. Assess the risks means knowing how likely a hazard will harm someone
D. Everyone in the computer and technology industry is accountable for health
and safety

Learning Competency: Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures (OHS)

Learning Outcome 2: Evaluate hazards and risks
2.1 Determine effects of hazards in computer workstation.
2.2 Identify Computer Ergonomic Guidelines in accordance with the OHS
requirements.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ic-d-4
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify factors to be considered in computer workstation ergonomics
2. Evaluate hazards and risks in computer workstation
3. Recognize effects of computer ergonomic hazards

Directions: On your answer sheet, draw a box and color it Green if the statement
is TRUE and color the box Yellow if the statement is FALSE.
1. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater than 90-
degrees flexion when sitting in front of a computer.
2. A well-designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the wrist and
forehead muscles.
3. Set the eye to screen distance that permits you to easily focus on the screen.
4. Changing posture at frequent intervals maximizes fatigue when using a
computer.
5. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the
horizontal and the wrists to be straight.

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 COMPUTER WORKSTATION
Lesson 4 ERGONOMICS
Week 8

Many people spend hours a day in front of a computer without thinking about
the impact on their bodies. They physically stress their bodies daily without realizing
it by extending their wrists, slouching, sitting without foot support and straining to
look at poorly placed monitors. These practices can lead to cumulative trauma
disorders or repetitive stress injuries, which create a life-long impact on health.
Symptoms may include pain, muscle fatigue, loss of sensation, tingling and reduced
performance. It is important to learn and study computer workstation ergonomics.
Let's try to define computer ergonomics by arranging the scrambled words given
below.

PLEASE DEFINE ME!

Computer
Ergonomics:______________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________

COMPUTER WORKSTATION ERGONOMICS

There are various health problems associated with the regular use of
computers. For this reason, users must be aware of the regulations surrounding
computer health and safety.
Computer Ergonomics can be simplified to modify the workplace, not the
individual. Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work involves the
regular use of computers.
Consideration should be given to:

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 a. The accessories required to operate properly.
b. The layout of equipment on the desk.
c. The location of furniture in the room.
Good posture is essential for all users of computers. It comprises a natural
and relaxed position, providing opportunity for movement, and from which the
operator can assume a number of alternative positions. It is not a single, rigidly
defined position.
● Work surface height. Adjust the height of the work surface and/or the height
of the chair so that the work surface allows your elbows to be bent at 90
degrees, forearms parallel with the floor, wrist straight, shoulders relaxed.
● Chair. Adjust the seat tilt so that you are comfortable when you are working
on the keyboard. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater
than 90 degrees’ flexion. If this places an uncomfortable strain on the leg
muscles or if the feet do not reach the floor, then a footrest should be used.
● Keyboard placement. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the
forearms to be close to the horizontal and the wrists to be straight.
● Screen placement. Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to
most easily focus on the screen. Usually, this will be within an arm's length.
● Posture and environment. Change posture at frequent intervals to minimize
fatigue. Avoid awkward postures at the extremes of the joint range, especially
the wrists.
● Lighting. Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s, not directly
underneath. Try to site desks between rows of lights. The solution is to
increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz.
● Glare and reflection. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk
surface, the worker should hold the book above the surface and assess the
change in reflected glare from the screen.
● Posture during Keying. Typing is a physical activity, and using a keyboard
requires skill, hence the need to learn correct typing technique. 10,000 -
12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard.
Improper computer ergonomics is a leading cause of neck and back pain,
shoulder fatigue, carpal tunnel, and eye strain. The good news is that these health
risks can be prevented with a few simple and inexpensive adjustments to your
computer workstation.

Directions: Decode the coded words by matching the numbers with the
corresponding letters from the table below. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

1.) 3-15-13-16-21-20-5-18 5-18-7-15-14-15-13-9-3-19

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2.) 23-15-18-11 19-21-18-6-1-3-5 8-5-9-7-8-20
3.) 11-5-25-2-15-1-18-4 16-12-1-3-5-13-5-14-20
4.) 4-5-19-11-20-15-16 12-1-25-15-21-20
5.) 16-15-19-20-21-18-5 1-14-4 5-14-22-9-18-15-14-13-5-14-20

I. Directions: Arrange the following buzzwords that are related to Computer

Ergonomic Guidelines in accordance with the OHS requirements. Write your
answer on your answer sheet.

BUZZWORD!

A. B. C. D. E. F.

A. The monitor should be 2 –2½ feet from the child’s eyes.

B. Encourage children to use their physical energy.
C. The child should sit high enough to have his arms bent at 90°
D. Use it to prevent dangling feet.
E. Find one that fits small hands.
F. Child-sized keyboards with light pressure keying are recommended.
II. Directions: In the Computer Ergonomics Self-Assessment provided below, write
the hazards you personally encounter while using the computer at home and the
risks it can cause. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Computer Ergonomics Self-Assessment
Hazard Risk
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Directions: Match the hazards given in column A with the effects in column B by
writing the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.

Column A Column B
1. Improperly adjusted chairs a. Musculoskeletal disorder like carpal
tunnel syndrome.

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 2. Bad posture and sitting for long periods b. Blurred vision, temporary inability to
of time focus on faraway objects and
headaches.
3. Repetitive movements or overuse c. Back and neck pain, headaches, and
injuries of the hand shoulder and arm pain
4. Focusing your eyes on the screen at the d. Leg pain or muscle strain
same distance point for long periods of e. Photosensitive epileptic seizures
time
5. Poor lighting f. Good vision, neck pain

Learning Competency:
Learning Outcome 3: Control hazards and risks
1.1 Follow strictly OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk
1.2 Follow procedure in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and
emergencies in accordance with organizational procedures.
Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PCOIc-d-4
Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. Identify the OHS procedures/ methods of controlling hazards and risk.
2. Follow OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk
3. Value the importance of understanding the OHS methods in controlling
hazards and risks.

Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Write True if you think the
statement is correct and False if you think the statement is incorrect
Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. The right lighting can reduce eyestrain, neck strain, and headaches.
2. When you type, hold your fingers, wrists, and lower arms in a straight line
from your keyboard.
3. The computer desk should be deep enough to support your arms when you
work at the computer.
4. When using a computer, keep your feet flat on the floor and your knees
slightly lower than your thighs.
5. Substitution of a specific hazard or hazardous work process, or preventing it
from entering the workplace, is the most effective method of control.

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 PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
AND SAFETY PROCEDURES (OHS)
Lesson 4
Week 9

CONTROLLING HAZARDS AND RISK

All workplace hazards (chemical, physical, etc.) can be controlled by a
variety of methods. The goal of controlling hazards is to prevent workers from being
exposed to occupational hazards. Some methods of hazard control are more
efficient than others, but a combination of methods usually provides a safer
workplace than relying on only one method.
Directions: Answer what is being asked. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Give at least five ways on how you can identify health and safety problems?

Ways on Identifying Health and Safety Problems

● Observe your workplace;
● Investigate complaints from workers;
● Examine accident and near-miss records;
● Examine sickness figures;
● Use simple surveys to ask your co-workers about their health and safety
concerns;
● Use checklists to help you inspect your workplace;
● Learn the results of inspections that are done by the employer, the union, or
anyone else;
● Read reports or other information about your workplace.
Methods in Controlling Hazard and Risk
Elimination
Elimination is the process of removing the hazard from the workplace.
Elimination of a specific hazard or hazardous work process, or preventing it from
entering the workplace, is the most effective method of control.
Substitution
Substitution occurs when a new chemical or substance is used instead of
another chemical. It is sometimes grouped with elimination because, in effect, you
are removing the first substance or hazard from the workplace. The goal, obviously,
is to choose a new chemical that is less hazardous than the original.
Good Housekeeping
Good housekeeping is essential to prevent the accumulation of hazardous or
toxic materials (e.g., build-up of dust or contaminant on ledges, or beams), or
hazardous conditions (e.g., poor stockpiling).
Engineering control
Engineering control means changing a piece of machinery (for example, using
proper machine guards) or a work process to reduce exposure to a hazard.
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Administrative control
Working a limited number of hours in a hazardous area.
Emergency Preparedness
Being prepared for emergencies means making sure that the necessary
equipment and supplies are readily available and that employees know what to do
when something unplanned happens such as a release, spill, fire, or injury. These
procedures should be written and employees should have the opportunity to practice
their emergency response skills regularly.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes ear and eye protection, respirators,
and protective clothing.
Three steps in controlling a hazard
See it. - Identify the hazards. What is unsafe?
Think It. - Evaluate the hazard. What could happen?
Do It. - Provide solutions to control or eliminate the hazard.
Precautions to Reduce the Risk of Accidents
⮚ Ensure there are no trailing wires across or around the room which people
could trip on.
⮚ Power cables should be safely secured.
⮚ Electrical sockets should not be overloaded.
⮚ Electrical equipment should be safety tested at least once a year.
⮚ There should be adequate space around desks for people to move.
⮚ Bags and obstacles should be stored out of the way so that people can't trip
over them.
⮚ Food and drink should not be placed near a machine.
⮚ Heating and ventilation should be suitable for the working environment.
⮚ Work desks should be strong enough to support computers and equipment.
⮚ Staff should follow the safety regulations.
⮚ This is the science concerned with designing safe and comfortable machines
for use by people.
⮚ This includes furniture design and the design of peripherals that you need to
use, such as mouse and keyboard.

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A. Directions: Search for the ten (10) different methods used to control hazards and
risks. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

B. Directions: Answer the following in your notebook.

1. How can you identify health and safety problems?

2. Why is it important to monitor and review your hazard control
program and methods?

Directions: List down at least 10 safety procedures to reduce risk and accidents
inside a computer work place? Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Directions: Describe briefly the following control measures. Write your answer on
your answer sheets.

37
https://healthyhandyman.com/different-types-of-screwdrivers/
www.amazon.com
https://www.computerhope.com/
https://www.almiriatechstore.co.ke/crimping-tool-wire-stripper-for-networking-rj45-rj11/
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/phillips+screwdriver
https://www.slideshare.net/cjan22/computer-hardware-servicing-tools
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Pronged_Parts_Retriever
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frAhVjzIsBHfTDCtUQ2-
https://www.walmart.ca/en/ip/0512-Portable-Hex-Head-Socket-Driver-Wrench-Screwdriver-Hex-Nut-Key-Hand-
Tool/4FJZQM00H4
K TO 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module – Computer
Hardware Servicing (Exploratory Course Grade 7 and 8)
https://www.pickamachine.com/maintenance-tools-and-equipment/
https://www.wikihow.com/Maintain-Construction-Tools
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https://www.popsci.com/spring-cleaning-organization-guide/
Illustration / Images Content: Photos taken by (Jilian Parohinog)
Kilobytes Megabytes Gigabytes Terabytes Explained with Information and Word Problems (2020, September 1)
Retrieved September 3, 2020 from
https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs101/bits-gigabytes.html
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https://www.slideshare.net/amit139/chap3-flow-charts
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_pc_hardware_servicing_
learning_module.pdf
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https://uncagedergonomics.com/blog/5-ways-poor-ergonomics-can-have-a-negative-impact-on-your-health/

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Valenzuela
Office Address: Pio Valenzuela Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
Telefax: (02) 8292-4340
Email Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov.ph

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