Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CENTRE: FRENCH
FOR BEGINNERS
Table of Contents
1. GREETINGS
2. NATIONALITIES
3. ALPHABET
4. SUBJECT PRONOUNS
5. VERB TO HAVE: AVOIR
6. VERB TO BE: ÊTRE
7. JOBS AND OCCUPATIONS
1. INTERROGATIVE STRUCTURES
2. NEGATIVE STRUCTURES
3. PREPOSITIONS
4. SHOPPING VOCABULARY
WEEK 4
1. COMPARATIVE
2. SUPERLATIVE
3. REGULAR/IRREGULAR VERBS, TENSE & MOOD
4. VOCABULARY: NUMBERS
5. SEASONS
6. CURRENCY
RESOURCES
1. Greetings
Meeting someone
Questions
§ Morning: Bonjour
§ Evening: Bonsoir
§ Informa question: Ça va?
§ Informal: Salut
§ Informal answer: ça va,
Merci. Et toi?
Leaving
§ Formal question: Comment
allez-vous?
§ Morning: Au revoir
§ Formal answer: Ça va,
§ Evening: Bonsoir
Merci. Et vous?
§ Informal: Salut
2. Nationalities
General rule
Practice
Practice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaOVHdpRAK8&t=77s
4. Subject pronouns
French English
J’ai I have
Tu as You have
Il/Elle a He/she has
Nous avons We have
Vous avez You have
Ils/ Elles ont They have
Practice:
French English
Je suis I am
Tu es You are
Il/Elle est He/she is
Nous sommes We are
Vous etes You are
Ils/ Elles sont They are
Practice:
Masculin Féminin
Student étudiant étudiante
Employee employé employée
Designer couturier couturière
Seller vendeur vendeuse
Director directeur directrice
Artisan artisan artisane
Journalist journaliste journaliste
Architect architecte architecte
Practice:
§ Bonjour, je m'appelle Alice. Je suis congolaise et Je suis couturiére.
o Good morning, my name is alice. I am Congolese and I am a designer
§ Bonsoir, je m’appelle Pierre. Je suis éthiopien et je travailles dans les relations publique.
o Good Evening, my name is Pierre. I am Ethiopian and I work in Public
Relations.
In French, all nouns and adjectives are gendered masculine or feminine. Most nouns
and adjectives also have different singular and plural forms. The form and qualities of
the noun can determine the conjugation of verbs, the form of pronouns, and article
and adjective agreement.
Nouns
§ Some words are always masculine or feminine, despite the gender of the
person referred to:
• un chef (a chef, a leader, a head)
• un docteur (a doctor)
• un écrivain (a writer)
• un mannequin (a model)
• un professeur (a teacher)
• une personne (a person)
• une star (a star)
Adjectives
Adjectives describe a noun, and all French adjectives agree with the noun
in gender and number.
Practice:
§ J’ai les yeux marron. I have brown eyes.
§ Elle aime les chaussettes orange. She likes orange socks.
§ Tes chaussures sont chic. Your shoes are chic.
ARTICLES
French articles are singular or plural, depending upon whether the noun that follows
is singular or plural. French singular articles may vary depending upon whether the
following noun is masculine or feminine, or whether it starts with a vowel or
consonant. Four French definite articles express the English word “the;” three
French indefinite articles express “a,” “an,” and “one;” and five partitive
articles express “some” or “any”.
Definite article, which expresses the English word “the,” indicates a specific person
or thing: the family. The singular definite articles le and la become l'. The masculine or
feminine gender of the noun, so easily recognizable when le(masculine)
or la (feminine) is used, becomes a problem when the noun that follows requires the
use of l', which represents either gender noun before a vowel. All plural nouns require
the one plural definite article (les), so you cannot determine the gender of the noun
by the article.
before a vowel or
masculine feminine plural
silent h
de + le → du de la de l’ de + les → des
Demonstrative adjectives indicate or point out the person, place, or thing referred
to. Singular demonstrative adjectives can mean either “this” or “that.”Plural
demonstrative adjectives can mean either “these” or “those.”
4. Possessive adjectives
Possessive adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify
(the person or item that is possessed) and not with the subject (the person
possessing them).
¡ The forms mon, ton, and son are used instead of ma, ta, and sa before a
feminine singular noun beginning with a vowel or vowel sound. This allows the
words to flow smoothly.
o mon adresse (my address)
o ton hôtesse (your hostess)
o son amie (his/her friend)
dark blue bleu foncé bleu foncée bleu foncés bleu foncées
light blue bleu clair bleu claire bleu claires bleu claires
Practice:
o je porte une veste blanche: I'm
o Une robe bleu A blue dress wearing a white jacket
o Chaussettes roses Pink socks o Tu portes un pantalon blanc: You
o Une veste grise A gray jacket wear white pants
o Un pantalon noir A pair of black o Il porte une belle montre : He
pants wears a beautiful watch
o Une montre marron A brown watch o Elle porte des belles chaussures:
She wears nice shoes
o Nous portons des vêtements
o une écharpe en soie a silk scarf orange: We wear orange clothes
o un t-shirt en coton a cotton t-shirt o Vous portez des foulards: You
o Bottes en cuir Leather boots wear scarves
o un pull en laine a wool sweater o Ils portent des talons hauts: They
wear high heels
§ Keep the word order the same as a statement and add a question mark. For
example:
o Tu aimes aller aux concerts? - Do you like going to concerts?
o Vous allez regarder le match ce soir? - Are you going to watch the match
this evening?
§ Add Est-ce que to the start of the question and keep the word order the
same as a statement.
§ Switch the verb and the subject at the start of the question.
o Faites-vous vos devoirs ce soir? – Are you doing your homework tonight?
o A-t-il une nouvelle voiture? – Does he have a new car?
§ Use of QUI, QUE, QUAND, ETC.
Qui? Who?
Que… ?/ Qu'est-ce que… ? What…?
Quand ? When?
Où ? Where?
Pourquoi ? Why?
Comment ? How?
Combien (de)? How much/How many?
À quelle heure ? (At) what time?
Combien de temps ? How long?
Example: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zvsr7nb/revision/1
2. Negative structures
The most basic negation structure in a French is: ne + verb + pas. French has many
more negation expressions including ne…jamais (never), ne…rien (nothing)
and ne…personne (nobody).
§ Prepositions: time
après after
avant before
o J’habite en France depuis cinq ans. – I’ve lived in France for five years.
o J’ai habité en France pendant trois mois. – I lived in France for three
months.
o Je vais habiter en France pour six mois. – I’m going to live in France for
six months.
o Avec with Je dîne avec Marc. I’m having dinner with Marc.
o Chez at, with Il habite chez moi. He lives at my place.
o Dans in Nous partons dans une heure. We’re leaving in one hour.
o De from, of Je viens de la plage. I’m coming from the beach.
o Durant during Il neige durant les vacances. It’s snowing during the vacation.
o Entre between Ils habitent entre Nice et Marseille. They live between Nice
and Marseille.
o Pendant during, for Je fais du ski pendant les vacances. I ski during
vacation.
o En in Ils habitent en France. They live in France.
o pour for Je travaille pour Monsieur Dubois. I work for Mr. Dubois.
o Sans without Je prends mon café sans sucre. I have my coffee without sugar.
o Sauf except J’aime tous les fruits sauf les bananes. I like all fruit except
bananas.
o Devant in front of La voiture est stationée devant la maison. The car is
parked in front of the house.
§ Use pire que when describing worse than for nouns. Mauvais means bad.
o Mon vélo est mauvais. Mon velo est pire que to vélo. My bike is bad.
My bike is worse than your bike.
2. Superlative
The superlative is used to express the extremes. For example, the best, the worst,
the tallest, the shortest.
§ For adjectives which follow nouns using the following forms: le noun le plus +
adjective for the most and le noun le moins + adjective for the least.
o Je connais la fille la plus intelligente. I know the smartest girl.
o Je connais la fille la moins intelligente. I know the least intelligent girl.
§ For adjectives which precede nouns use the following forms: le plus +
adjective + noun or le moins + adjective + noun.
o Sylvie est la plus belle fille de la classe. Sylvie is the most beautiful girl in
the class.
The English infinitive is “to” followed by a verb, while the French infinitive is a single word
with one of three infinitive endings (-er, –ir, or –re). These can then be further divided
into regular verbs, which follow a standard pattern of verb conjugations, and irregular
verbs, which don’t:
1. -er parler (to speak) Regular -er verbs Irregular -er verbs
2. -ir finir (to finish) Regular -ir verbs Irregular -ir verbs
3. -re vendre (to sell) Regular -re verbs Irregular -re verbs
§ The French language actually has over 20 tenses. Today we most frequently use
about 12 different verb tenses in French.
o There are three Tenses: present, past, and future – they tell
you when something happens.
o The six Moods indicate how the speaker feels about what’s happening,
whether it’s fact, supposition, command, or possibility: Indicative,
Conditional, imperative, subjunctive, infinitive, participle.
IMPERSONAL MOODS
Infinitive past infinitive infinitive future infinitive
5. seasons
o Spring/Summer: Printemps/été
o Autumn/Winter: Automne/hiver
o Pre-Fall: Pre-collection
o Resort collection: Collection croisière
6. Currency
o Dollar des États-Unis -
o United States Dollar- USD
USD o Euro - EUR
o Euro - EUR o Livre sterling - GBP
o British Pound - GBP o Franc suisse - CHF
o Swiss Franc - CHF o Franc CFA - XAF
o CFA franc- XAF o Naira nigérian - NGN
o Nigerian Naira - NGN o Shilling ougandais -
o Ugandan shilling - UGX UGX
o South African rand - o Rand sud-africain - ZAR
ZAR
¡ Personne B : Je suis senegalais, mais j'habites à paris ¡ Person B: I am Senegalese, but I live in Paris where I
où je travaille dans la mode et vous ? work in fashion and you?
¡ Personne A: Tres interessant, je ne suis jamais aller à ¡ Person A: Very interesting, I never went to Paris. I am
paris. Je suis Kenyane et j'habites à Nairobi ! Kenyan and I live in Nairobi!
¡ Personne B : Nairobi ! C'est une très belle ville. ¡ Person B: Nairobi! It is a very pretty town.
¡ Personne B : Salut Nafisa, J'aime beaucoup ta tenue ¡ Person B: Hi Nafisa, I really like your outfit
¡ Personne A : Merci beaucoup Patrick. C'est une robe ¡ Person A: Thank you very much Patrick. It's a Tongoro
de Tongoro dress
¡ Personne B : Ahhh oui , la marque sénégalaise. J'adore ¡ Person B: Ahhh yes, the Senegalese brand. I love the
les couleurs et les mélanges du vert, brun et bleu. colors and the combination of green, brown and blue.
¡ Personne A : Merci beaucoup. Que penses-tu de ¡ Person A: Thank you very much. What do you think of
cette chemise et pantalon ? j'aimerais l'offrir à mon this shirt and pants? I would like to offer it to my
frère. brother.
¡ Personne B : Je préfère les couleurs simples. Mais cet ¡ Person B: I prefer simple colors. But this set is very
ensemble est très élégant. elegant
¡ Personne B : Je suis senegalais, mais j'habites à paris ¡ Person B: I am Senegalese, but I live in Paris where I
où je travaille dans la mode et vous ? work in fashion and you?
¡ Personne A: Tres interessant, je ne suis jamais aller à ¡ Person A: Very interesting, I never went to Paris. I am
paris. Je suis Kenyane et j'habites à Nairobi ! Kenyan and I live in Nairobi!
¡ Personne B : Nairobi ! C'est une très belle ville. ¡ Person B: Nairobi! It is a very pretty town.
§ youtube
o Greetings : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hd0_GZHHWeE&t=96s
o Alphabet : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaOVHdpRAK8
o Countries/ Nationalities : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Exsc1Gw55m0
o Occupations : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApOpvOmQU9U
o Clothes vocabularyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRJ0tCmOVfA&t=88s
o Shopping
§ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8upu9xg4mA&t=131s
§ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_keqDr3WO6Q
§ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS2hZLF9mDY&t=16s
o Superlative & Comparative :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAaHU1_i5uY
o Tenses : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIue3yaykYc
§ Tenses Group 1 French verbs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL2uKqY7ayI
§ Tenses Group 2 French verbs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVzlp9rJQQ4
§ Tenses Group 3 French verbs:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8KA0uuK1mms
§ Website
o https://www.wordreference.com/enfr/welcome
o https://bescherelle.com
o https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/z43cjxs
§ Movies/TV shows
o Yves Saint Laurent, Untouchable, Le dîner de cons, Kirikou et la Sorcière, Un
long Dimanche de fiançailles, Le jeu, Emilie in Paris, etc,