Study Illness Condition

ASSESSMENT ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ANALYSIS

Signs and Symptoms: HEART

HEART
Subjective cues: The heart itself is made up of 4
chambers, 2 atria and 2
The patient verbalized, ventricles. De-oxygenated blood
“hindi man ta dwele miyo returns to the right side of the
pecho maam, el na dimiyo heart via the venous circulation.
atras pa el ta dwel. Ta It is pumped into the right
tormenta lang gad tamen yo ventricle and then to the lungs
kaga maam, ta dwele gayod where carbon dioxide is released
le.” and oxygen is absorbed. The
oxygenated blood then travels
OBJECTIVE CUES: back to the left side of the heart
- Tachycardia VALVES into the left atria, then into the
- Dyspnea left ventricle from where it is
- Edema pumped into the aorta and arterial
- Peripheral edema circulation. The pressure created
- Malnutrition in the arteries by the contraction
of the left ventricle is the systolic
VITAL SIGNS: blood pressure. Once the left
ventricle has fully contracted it
BP: 121/70 mmHG begins to relax and refill with
HR: 1869 bpm blood from the left atria. The
PR: 82 bpm pressure in the arteries falls
RR: 34 bpm whilst the ventricle refills. This is
TEMP: 35.9 C the diastolic blood pressure.
O2Sat: 99%
The atrio-ventricular septum
ABG: completely separates the 2 sides
Ph: 7.46 of the heart. Unless there is a
PaCO3: 30.00mmHG septal defect, the 2 sides of the
HCO3:21.30mmol/L heart never directly
O2Sat: 100% communicate. Blood travels from
PaO2: 162.00 mmHg right side to left side via the lungs
only. However, the chambers
LAB VALUES: themselves work together. The 2
atria contract simultaneously, and
RDW: 16.7 the 2 ventricles contract
NUETROPHILS: 77% simultaneously.
LYMPHOCYTES: 17%
VALVES:
COAGULATION TESTS:
The heart consists of four
IVR: 2.62% chambers, two atria (upper
% ACTIVITY: 23.20% chambers) and two ventricles
PROTHROMBIN TIME: (lower chambers). There is a
29.30% valve through which blood passes
before leaving each chamber of
ELECTROLYTES/ the heart. The valves prevent the
BLOOD CHEMISTRY: backward flow of blood. These
valves are actual flaps that are
TOTAL CALCIUM: LO located on each end of the two
2.00mmol/L ventricles (lower chambers of the
MAGNESIUM: 0.80 heart). They act as one-way inlets
mmol/L of blood on one side of a
ALBUMIN: 32.00g/L ventricle and one-way outlets of
blood on the other side of a
ALKALINE ventricle. Normal valves have
PHOSPHATE: 146.00 U/L three flaps, except the mitral
CREATININE: 83.50 valve, which has two flaps. The
umol/L four heart valves include the
SGPT/ALT: 179.00U/L following:
SGUT/AST: 213.00 U/L tricuspid valve: located between
SODIUM: 128.00 mmol/L the right atrium and the right
ALBUMIN: 34.60 G/L ventricle
pulmonary valve: located
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery
TRANSTHORACIC mitral valve: located between the
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC left atrium and the left ventricle
REPORT: Rheumatic Heart aortic valve: located between the
Disease left ventricle and the aorta.
Severe mitral valve with As the heart muscle contracts and
moderate regurgitation relaxes, the valves open and shut,
Tricuspid sclerosis with letting blood flow into the
dilated annulus and severe ventricles and atria at alternate
regurgitation times. The following is a step-by-
Aortic valve sclerosis with step illustration of how the valves
mild regurgitation function normally in the left
Mild Pulmonic ventricle:
regurgitation
Dilated left ventricular After the left ventricle contracts,
cavity with eccentric the aortic valve closes and the
hypertrophy. Global mitral valve opens, to allow
hypokinesia with mildly blood to flow from the left atrium
reduced ejection fraction of into the left ventricle. As the left
50%. Mild diastolic atrium contracts, more blood
dysfunction. flows into the left ventricle.
When the left ventricle contracts,
ECG: the mitral valve closes and the
Atrial Fibrilation aortic valve opens, so blood
EF: 50% flows into the aorta.
References:

Normal Function of the Heart - Cardiology Teaching Package - Practice Learning - Division of Nursing - The University of Nottingham. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2022, from

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nursing/practice/resources/cardiology/function/index.php

Heart Valves, Anatomy and Function. (2021, July 1). ColumbiaDoctors. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/heart-valves-

anatomy-and-function