Describe the Internal Structure of Human Heart and draw well labelled diagram.

The heart is a conical dark red color muscular organ lying between the lungs in left side of the
anterio- thoracic cavity. It is about the size of 12 cm long and 250 gm in weight. The heart is
externally covered by thin delicate transparent double membrane called Pericardium. The
pericardium has 2 layers viz; a visceral layer that covers the inner side of the heart and a parietal
layer that forms a sac around the outside of the pericardial cavity.

Auricles are thin wall chambers. The left auricle is smaller than right auricle. The auricles are
separated by inter-auricular septum. It prevents the mixing of two
types of blood. The right auricle received impure blood from vena
cava and coronary sinus (viz; Precaval vein and post- caval vein).
The opening of post-caval vein and coronary sinus is provided
with Eustachain valve and coronary valve respectively to prevent
back flow of blood. The left auricle received pure blood from
lungs through two opening of pulmonary veins. The auricles and
ventricles are separated by auriculo-ventricular septum. The right
auricle opens into right ventrical through right auriculo-
ventricular aperture guarded by tricuspid valve similarly the left
auricle opens into the left ventricle through left auriculo-
ventricular aperture guarded by bicuspid or mitral valve. These
valves prevent back flow (regurgitation) of the blood. The AV valves are attached on the
ventricular side to tough strings called chordae tendineae. The right ventricle opens into the
pulmonary aorta through three semilunar valve (pulmonary valve), similarly left ventricle opens
into the systemic aorta through three semilunar valve (aortic valve). These semilunar valves to
prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles.

Heartbeat: Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles is known as Heartbeat. Heartbeat
consists of one contraction phase and one relaxation phase. During the contraction phase, there is maximum
point (peak period) which is known as systole. During the relaxation phase, there is minimum point which
is known as diastole.
Cardiac cycle: One complete sequence of heartbeat is called cardiac cycle. One heart beat is completed in
about 0.8 second time.
a. Atrial systole for 0.1 second
b. Ventricles systole for 0.3 sec
c. Joint diastole for 0.4 sec
Origin and Conduction of heartbeat:
1. A- V valves are closed during ventricular systole
2. Semilunar valves are closed in the beginning of ventricular
diastole.