TUGAS PERTEMUAN 13

PT X has been operating since 2011. There are three main lithology type in the area such as
alluvial, sandstone, and claystone. The coal bearing strata is controlled by major structure such
as fault and resulting folding on the coal seam. The main commodity is coal with an average
calorific value of 4,627.3 kcal/kg. The company planned the coal production for 17 years with
maximum coal production of 20.000.000 metric tonnes (Figure 4). The mining process and
overburden removal heavily rely on a combination of excavator and dump truck with a support
of dozer. The main mining equipment needs for every year and stages listed in the Table 1. The
typical operation of this mine is 20 EWH/day (effective working hour/day) and 300 EWD/year
(effective working days/year).

Table 1. Mining Equipment Unit

Total Unit - Activity - Unit Type

Coal
Topsoil Removal Overburden Removal Coal Mining
Mining Transport
Year
ADT
Dozer Excavator Excavator DT Excavator DT DT 767
Volvo
D85SS PC 400 PC 2000 785HD PC 1250 767HD HD
A30H

1 4 10 20 9 45 2 9 9

2 4 10 20 15 80 3 15 15

3 5 10 20 20 104 4 19 19

4 5 12 24 23 125 4 23 23

5 6 15 30 27 143 5 28 28

6 7 16 30 29 152 5 29 29

7 8 18 30 32 169 6 31 31

8 10 20 30 34 179 6 33 33

9 10 20 30 34 181 6 35 35

10 10 20 30 34 182 7 37 37

11 10 20 30 34 182 7 39 39

12 10 20 30 34 182 7 39 39

13 8 18 30 32 173 7 39 39

14 8 15 30 25 134 5 30 30

15 5 14 28 21 113 4 24 24

16 5 12 24 16 87 4 19 19

17 5 10 20 6 31 2 8 8
 Table 2. An Average Fuel Use of Mining Equipment

Average Fuel
Unit Type
Use (L/Hour)
Dozer D85SS 15
Excavator PC 400 12
ADT Volvo A30H 13
Excavator PC 2000 28
DT 785HD 25
Excavator PC 1250 19
DT 767HD 18

Table 3. Emission Factor of Typical Diesel Fuel Vehicle

1. As a mining-environmental engineer, the company required detailed calculation of fuel

emission throughout years from various sources and different activities. Your
supervisor required detailed calculations in a week. Calculate the typical pollutant as
mentioned in the Table 3 based on data in the illustration on Table 1 and Table 2 using
Equation (1).

𝐸𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 = ∑ 𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑥 𝐸𝐹 (1)

2. Once you have calculated the Fuel Emission, your supervisor required to calculate the
concentration of emission in the ambient air during Coal Transportation activity.
Calculation should be done using Equation (2) and (3). As atmospheric data the typical
downwind in the area is around 1.3 km with an average velocity of 3.2 m/s. The typical
sun position during dry season is around 40° from the horizon during the daylight. Your
supervisor also asked to compare the concentration result with National Threshold
Level of ambient air stated in the Appendix 6 Government Regulation No 22/2021.

2𝑄𝐿 𝐻 2
𝐶(𝑥, 𝑧) = (2𝜋)0,5 𝐸𝑥𝑝 [−0,5 ( ) ] (2)
𝑢𝜎𝑧 𝜎𝑧

𝜎𝑧 = a. 𝑥 𝑏 (3)

Table 4. Atmospheric Stability

 Table 5. Downwind factor (Pasquill-Gifford)
Kelas Stabilitas x (km) a b
A <0,1 122,80 0,9447
0,1 – 0,15 158,08 1,0542
0,16 – 0,20 170,22 1,0932
0,21 – 0,26 179,52 1,1262
0,27 – 0,30 217,41 1,2644
0,31 – 0,40 258,59 1,4094
0,41 – 0,50 346,75 1,7283
0,51 – 3,11 453,85 2,1166
B <0,02 90,673 0,93198
0,021 – 0,40 98,483 0,98332
>0,40 109,30 1,0971
C - 61,141 0,91465
D <0,03 35,459 0,86974
0,031 – 1 32,093 0,81066
1,01 – 3 32,093 0,64403
3,01 – 10 33,504 0,60486
10,01 – 30 36,650 0,56589
30 44,053 0,51179
E <0,01 24,260 0,83660
0,1 – 0,3 23,331 0,81596