BTVN L2/9/5/2022

1. Make notes speaking part 2.

2. Reading
3. Listening
SPEAKING PART 2:
Make notes by giving ideas for each clues (ghi chú ra vở)
Your plan
What and where is the place
- ………………………………………
- ………………………………………
Why you went there:
- ………………………………………
- ………………………………………
What it looked like:
- ………………………………………
- ………………………………………
What you did;
- ………………………………………
- ………………………………………
Animals you found particularly interesting
- ………………………………………
- ………………………………………

SKILL PRACTICE:
What Do Whales Feel?
An examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans, the group of mammals
comprising whales, dolphins and porpoises
Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or
absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain
structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to
have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been
speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural
pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least
some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.
The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably
mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’
responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free- ranging cetacean
individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup)
appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and
stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the
blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched
there.
The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species. Baleen species studied
at close quarters underwater - specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-
ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii - have
obviously tracked objects with vision underwater, and they can apparently see moderately well
both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in
baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.
On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they
have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which
often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is
stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen
vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently
see fairly well through the air-water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental
evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to
take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.
Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual
species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear
open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu
and Chinese beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind,
their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of
light.
Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to
be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’ well-developed
acoustic sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of sounds they
produce, and many forage for food using echolocation1. Large baleen whales primarily use the
lower frequencies and are often limited in their repertoire. Notable exceptions are the nearly
song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex, haunting utterances of the
humpback whales. Toothed species in general employ more of the frequency spectrum, and
produce a wider variety of sounds, than baleen species (though the sperm whale apparently
produces a monotonous series of high-energy clicks and little else). Some of the more
complicated sounds are clearly communicative, although what role they may play in the social
life and ‘culture’ of cetaceans has been more the subject of wild speculation than of solid
science.
Questions 1-7 Complete the table below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage for each answer.

 SENSE SPECIES ABILITY COMMENTS

Smell toothed no evidence from brain structure
 baleen not certain related brain structures are present

taste buds

Taste some types poor nerves linked to their 1   are

underdeveloped

Touch all yes region around the blowhole very sensitive

baleen
yes probably do not have stereoscopic vision
2 

dolphins, foward and downward

yes
porpoises probably have stereoscopic vision 3 

freshwater dolphin probably have stereoscopic vision forward and

yes
4  upward
Vision
water
bottlenose
yes exceptional in 5   and good
dolphin
in air-water interface

boutu and beiji poor have limited vision

Indian susu no probably only sense direction and intensity of light

lower frequenecies
most large usually use 6  ;
yes
baleen
repertoire limited

bowhead
7 
Hearing
whales and  yes song-like
humpback
whales

use more of frequency spectrum; have wider

toothed yes
repertoire

 
Questions 8-12
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for
each answer.
8   Which of the senses is described here as being involved in mating?___touch_____
9   Which species swims upside down while eating? ___freshwater dolphin___
10 What can bottlenose dolphins follow from under the water? _ airborne flying fish _____
11 Which type of habitat is related to good visual ability? ____clear water___
12 Which of the senses is best developed in cetaceans? ___ acoustic sense ___
LISTENING DICTATION:
SECTION 2: Agricultural Park.
Welcome to Green Vale Agricultural Park. As you know, we have only been open a week
so you are (1) ……………amongst our first visitors……………………We have lots of
fascinating indoor and outdoor exhibits on our huge complex, spreading hundreds
of hectares. Our remit is (2) ……to give educational opportunities…………to the wider
public as well as to offer research sites for a wide variety of agriculturists and other
scientists.
Let's start by seeing what there is to do. As you can see here on our giant wall plan,
we are now situated in the Reception block... here. As you walk out of the main door into
the park there is a path you can follow. If you follow this route you (3) ……immediately
come into ………… the Rare Breeds section, where we keep a wide variety of animals
which I shall be telling you a little more about later. Next to this...moving east...is the
large grazing area for the rare breeds. Then further east... in the largest section of our
Park is the Forest Area. South of the grazing area and in fact just next to the Reception
block is our Experimental Crop Area. In the middle of the Park... (4) …this circular
area………is our lake… These two small rectangular shapes here... are the Fish Farms
where we rear fish for sale. To the east of those is the marsh area which attracts (5) In the
south-eastern corner, beyond the marsh, is our Market Garden area, growing vegetables
and flowers.
All these areas can be visited by the general public for almost all the year... although (6)
… please take note of ……………the large signs at the entrance to each area which
tell… which tell you when certain areas are being used for particular controlled
experiments and are therefore (7) …… temporarily out of bounds …… to the public.
You can see for yourself what a huge area the park covers and a key question is always,
how can we move around? Well you have a choice of means (8) ……… ….
…………………… are banned in the park. We have bicycles which you can hire behind
the Reception block... here... the healthy ones of you can go on foot and finally there's our
electric tram, (9)………….…………………………… You find more information about
this at the front entrance. A good place to start on your tour is the Rare Breeds section.
We keep goats, sheep
and hens and (10) ………….………………………………We are also thinking of
bringing in cows and horses but we do not, as yet, have facilities for these bigger
animals. The animals are fed in public twice a day and (11) ………….……
…………………………their feeding habits and nutritional needs. These are very
popular with the public but of course we mustn't lose sight of the main purpose of
having this section, not as such to preserve rare animals but to maintain the diversity of
breeds to broaden the (12) ………….……………………………… Green Vale changes
with the seasons with different events happening at different times of the year. May will
be perhaps our most spectacular month with the arrival of the Canada geese and when our
fruit trees will be in full blossom, but there are interesting events on all year round... for
example John Havers, (13) ………….………………………………, is currently giving
displays on the lake. Each of the sections has its own seasonal calendar ... please consult
the summary board at the main entrance. And the final section, as we return to the
Reception blocks, is the orchard.
Do take time to (14)………….……………………………… there is a wide
selection of books on wildlife, some of them written by local authors, and the history
of farming, including organic farming, something which the park (15) …………
.………………………………in the coming months