BTVN 13

1. Quay video speaking part 2- describe a building you would like to live/enjoy living.
2. Writing Plan (bỏ vào link)
3-4: Listening + Reading skill
Suggested outline
• What-Where is this place?
• Complex building called…
• with an array of…/ Consist of different facilities and amenities such as…
• Which is situated in a bustling area – Vinh central/the heart of the city-short walk from
home -> convenient.
• => make it outstanding /dominate the landscape
• What it looks like?
• Unique - Took/drew inspiration from…-iconic building- reflect the culture of a society
• Resemble the…of….: => excellence/determination
• Capture the essence of Vietnamese architecture: made of bamboo for the ceiling and
insulation
• A combination/fusion of modern architecture and traditional value.=> mirror
architecturally sophisticated standards
• => become a famous tourist destination
• How it feel to be inside the building
• Eye-catching with ornate details on the ceiling
• Bright-cosy with natural light as it’s made of glass on walls and decorated light on
ceilings.
• Why you enjoy spending time in it (activities)
• Shopping: band-new/high-end clothes -> lucrative income.
• Hit the bar in rooftop lounge: have drink, enjoy the spectacular view of the city
• Selfie: keep the moment…

WRITING PRACTICE
MAKE A PLAN FOR WRITING TASK 1-2
 SUMMARY PLAN:
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The chart below shows the total number of -
minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, +
divided into three categories, from 1995-2002. +

Some people think that the best way to improve road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for
driving a car or motorbike. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
ESSAY PLAN
Introduction:
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Body 1:
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Body 2:
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Conclusion:
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LISTENING PRACTICE
CHỮA DICTATION: trong quá trình chữa nhớ check lại đoạn mình không nghe được để tìm
hiểu lý do, đồng thời ghi chú các từ mới vào vở.

ANSWER KEY
(1) variation on the classroom routine (10) doing to improve the Centre
(2) some improvements to the
(11) It is a bit cramped
equipment
 (3) check their personal emails
(4) used as a learning resource
(5) the main University library building
(6) guide the activities of the students
(7) as a group to do activities
(8) we've certainly got room to do it,
(9) money on equipment and resources,
Bỏ qua lời thoại, nghe và làm task:
(12) looking a bit out-of-date
(13) our latest course books
(14) idea of introducing some
workbooks
(15) main course book in class
(16) need to think about security
(17) putting in an alarm
(18) the access to email
NGHE CHÉP LỜI THOẠI (BÀI MỚI)
Section 4
Good morning everyone. Now whether you're going to university to study business
or some other subject, many of you will eventually (1)………….………………
……………… a company of some kind.
Now, when you first start working somewhere you will realise that the organisation
(2) ………….……………………………… And we often refer to these social
characteristics as the culture of the organisation – this includes its unwritten ideas,
beliefs, values and things like that. One well known writer has classified company
cultures by (3) ………….………………………………
The first type is called the Power Culture, and it's usually found in small
organisations.
It's the type of culture that needs a central source of power to be effective, and
because control is in the hands of just one or two people there (4)………….……
………………………… Another characteristic is that communication usually takes
the form of conversations rather than, say, formal meetings or written memos. Now
one of the benefits of this culture is that the organisation has the (5)………….…
……………………………, so it responds well to threat, or danger on the one hand,
and opportunity on the other.
But on the negative side, this type of organisation doesn't always act effectively,
because it depends (6)………….……………………………… people at the top,
and when these people make poor decisions there's no-one else who can influence
them.
And the kind of person who does well in this type of business culture is one who is
(7) ………….……… ………………………, and for whom job security is a low
priority.
The next type is known as Role Culture - that's R-O-L-E, not R-O-double L, by the
way, and this type is usually found in large companies, which have (8)………….…
…………………………… in them. These organisations usually have separate
departments that specialise in things like (9)………….……………………………,
or whatever. Each one is coordinated at the top by a small group of senior managers,
and typically everyone's job is controlled by sets of rules and procedures - for
example, (10) ………….……………………………, rules for discipline, and so on.
What are the benefits of this kind of culture? Well firstly, because it's found
(11)………….……………………………… , or overheads as they're known, are
low in relation to its output, or what it produces. In other words it can achieve
economies of scale. And secondly, it is particularly successful in (12)………….…
…………………………… is important. On the other hand, this culture is often very
slow to recognise the need for change, and even slower to react. What kind of person
does this type of culture suit? Well it suits (13)………….……………………
…………, and who don't particularly want to have responsibility.
Moving on now to Task Cultures - this type is found in organisations that are project
- oriented. You usually find it where the market for the company's product is
extremely competitive, or where the products themselves have a short life-span.
Usually top (14) ………….………………………………, the people and other
resources. And once these have been allocated, little day-to-day control is exercised
from the top, because this would seem like 'breaking the rules'.
Now one of the major benefits of this culture is that it's flexible. But it does have
some major disadvantages too. For instance, it can't produce economies of scale or
great depth of expertise. People who like working in groups or teams prefer this type
of culture.
And finally, the (15) ………….…………………………… the Person Culture ..
READING PRACTICE:

The construction of roads and bridges

Roads
Although there were highway links in Mesopotamia from as early as 3500 bc, the Romans were
probably the first road-builders with fixed engineering standards. At the peak of the Roman Empire in
the first century ad, Rome had road connections totalling about 85,000 kilometres.
Roman roads were constructed with a deep stone surface for stability and load-bearing. They had
straight alignments and therefore were often hilly. The Roman roads remained the main arteries of
European transport for many centuries, and even today many roads follow the Roman routes. New
roads were generally of inferior quality, and the achievements of Roman builders were largely
unsurpassed until the resurgence of road-building in the eighteenth century.
With horse-drawn coaches in mind, eighteenth-century engineers preferred to curve their roads to
avoid hills. The road surface was regarded as merely a face to absorb wear, the load-bearing
strength being obtained from a properly prepared and well-drained foundation. Immediately above
this, the Scottish engineer John McAdam (1756-1836) typically laid crushed stone, to which stone
dust mixed with water was added, and which was compacted to a thickness of just five centimetres,
and then rolled. McAdam’s surface layer - hot tar onto which a layer of stone chips was laid -
became known as ‘tarmacadam’, or tarmac. Roads of this kind were known as flexible pavements.
By the early nineteenth century - the start of the railway age - men such as John McAdam and
Thomas Telford had created a British road network totalling some 200,000 km, of which about one
sixth was privately owned toll roads called turnpikes. In the first half of the nineteenth century, many
roads in the US were built to the new standards, of which the National Pike from West Virginia to
Illinois was perhaps the most notable.
In the twentieth century, the ever-increasing use of motor vehicles threatened to break up roads built
to nineteenth-century standards, so new techniques had to be developed.
On routes with heavy traffic, flexible pavements were replaced by rigid pavements, in which the top
layer was concrete, 15 to 30 centimetres thick, laid on a prepared bed. Nowadays steel bars are laid
within the concrete. This not only restrains shrinkage during setting, but also reduces expansion in
warm weather. As a result, it is, possible to lay long slabs without danger of cracking.
The demands of heavy traffic led to the concept of high-speed, long-'distance roads, with access - or
slip-lanes - spaced widely apart. The US Bronx River Parkway of 1925 was followed by several
variants - Germany’s autobahns and the Pan American Highway. Such roads - especially the
intercity autobahns with their separate multi-lane carriageways for each direction - were the
predecessors of today’s motorways.
Bridges
The development by the Romans of the arched bridge marked the beginning of scientific bridge-
building; hitherto, bridges had generally been crossings in the form of felled trees or flat stone
blocks. Absorbing the load by compression, arched bridges are very strong. Most were built of stone,
but brick and timber were also used. A fine early example is at Alcantara in Spain, built of granite by
the Romans in AD 105 to span the River Tagus. In modern times, metal and concrete arched
bridges have been constructed. The first significant metal bridge, built of cast iron in 1779, still
stands at Ironbridge in England.
Steel, with its superior strength-to-weight ratio, soon replaced iron in metal bridge-work. In the
railway age, the truss (or girder) bridge became popular. Built of wood or metal, the truss beam
consists of upper and lower horizontal booms joined by vertical or inclined members.
The suspension bridge has a deck supported by suspenders that drop from one or more overhead
cables. It requires strong anchorage at each end to resist the inward tension of the cables, and the
deck is strengthened to control distortion by moving loads or high winds. Such bridges are
nevertheless light, and therefore the most suitable for very long spans. The Clifton Suspension
Bridge in the UK, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunei (1806—59) to span the Avon Gorge in
England, is famous both for its beautiful setting and for its elegant design. The 1998 Akashi Kaikyo
Bridge in Japan has a span of 1,991 metres, which is the longest to date.
Cantilever bridges, such as the 1889 Forth Rail Bridge in Scotland, exploit the potential of steel
construction to produce a wide clearwater space. The spans have a central supporting pier and meet
midstream. The downward thrust, where the spans meet, is countered by firm anchorage of the
spans at their other ends. Although the suspension bridge can span a wider gap, the cantilever is
relatively stable, and this was important for nineteenth-century railway builders. The world’s longest
cantilever span - 549 metres - is that of the Quebec rail bridge in Canada, constructed in 1918.

Questions 1-3
Label the diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.

Questions 4-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 ?
Write
TRUE          if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE        if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

4         Road construction improved continuously between the first and eighteenth

centuries.

5         In Britain, during the nineteenth century, only the very rich could afford to use
toll roads.

6         Nineteenth-century road surfaces were inadequate for heavy motor traffic.

7         Traffic speeds on long-distance highways were unregulated in the early part of

the twentieth century.
Complete the table below.
Use ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Bridges
Type of bridge Features

Arched bridge
•   Introduced by the 8 
 •   Very strong.

•   Usually made of 9 

•   Made of wood or metal.

Truss bridge
•   Popular for railways.

•   Has a suspended deck.

Suspension bridge
•   Strong but 10 

•   Made of 12 
Cantilever bridge
•   More 13   than the
suspension bridge.