FIELD EXERCISE ON HYDRAULIC

STRUCTURE

LECTURE IN CHARGE:
Dr. R. L. H. L. Rajapaksha
NAME : De Zoysa R. N.
INDEX NO : 170116C
MODULE : CE4022
DATE OF SUB : 15/12/2020
1. INTRODTION
A hydraulic structure is a structure submerged or partially submerged in any body of water,
which disrupts the natural flow of water. They can be used to divert, disrupt or completely stop the
flow. In designing a hydraulic structure, the designer chooses from many options available, and
from past experience, that particular design believed to be the most cost-effective, functional, and
safe. An example of a hydraulic structure would be a dam, which slows the normal flow rate of the
river in order to power turbines. A hydraulic structure can be built in rivers, a sea, or any body of
water where there is a need for a change in the natural flow of water. In this coursework structures
deal with fresh water.
In this report, I have selected two hydraulic structures connected to reservoir called
‘Kekiriobada Reservoir’, which is situated in Kirama. So, I have selected this as my major hydraulic
structure and a small culvert, which is situated across A2 road in Tangalle as my small structure.
1.1 GENERAL DETAILS OF THE RESERVOIR

Figure 1.1 – Kekiriobada Reservoir

This is a small reservoir called

‘Kekiriobada’. This is controlled and
maintained by Irrigation Department.
One of the major river diversion
irrigation schemes of the
Hambantota district. The river
diversion scheme envisioned in the
President’s policy program was
started in 2006 damming the Kirama
Oya with its source at
Rammalakanda on the border of the
Matara and Hambantota District,
flows through many agricultural
villages from Walasmulla to
Tangalle. Figure 1.2 – In front of Kekiriobada Reservoir
2. DEATAILS OF THE RESERVOIR
o Reservoir has 33m high dam
o Reservoir has capacity of 2,200-acre feet
o Length of dam - 800 feet 3,437 farmer families to benefit
o Coordinates - 6°11'57.7"N 80°39'35.9"E
o Reservoir has highest dam in Southern Province

Figure 2.1 – Information about Reservoir Figure 2.2 – Location of Reservoir

Figure 2.3 – Full Supply Level of Reservoir

 Table
Annuel – Annual
2.1 and and Monthly
Monthly averageaverage
rainrain
fallfall data
data
Element Ave.Month
Station_ID station _Code element Year Month Total mm mm mm
01HT244C KEKIRIOBADA TANK 5 PRECIP 2013 12 147.0 1,700.0
01HT244C KEKIRIOBADA TANK 5 PRECIP 2014 12 379.9 1,537.0
01HT244C KEKIRIOBADA TANK 5 PRECIP 2015 12 196.5 2,384.0
01HT244C KEKIRIOBADA TANK 5 PRECIP 2016 12 260.3 1,274.0
01HT244C KEKIRIOBADA TANK 5 PRECIP 2017 12 167.1 2,338.0 156.3
01HT244C KEKIRIOBADA TANK 5 PRECIP 2018 12 164.5 2,262.0
01HT244C KEKIRIOBADA TANK 5 PRECIP 2019 4 129.6 386.0
11,881.0

01HT449C RAMMALA KANDA 5 PRECIP 2013 12 492.0 5,473.0

01HT449C RAMMALA KANDA 5 PRECIP 2014 12 445.4 3,080.0
01HT449C RAMMALA KANDA 5 PRECIP 2015 12 404.1 4,729.0 291.6
01HT449C RAMMALA KANDA 5 PRECIP 2016 12 296.0 1,677.0
01HT449C RAMMALA KANDA 5 PRECIP 2017 12 434.9 3,196.0
01HT449C RAMMALA KANDA 5 PRECIP 2018 12 151.5 3,447.0
01HT449C RAMMALA KANDA 5 PRECIP 2019 4 193.7 562.0
22164

3. PURPOSE OF CARRYING OUT ASSIGNMENT

o Identifying hydraulic structures and their purposes
o Gaining more practical knowledge through field visits
4. ELEMENTS OF THE RESERVOIR
4.1 SLUICE

Figure 4.1 – Side view of the Sluice

The pathway to the sluice is a foot bridge from the reservoir bund. Deck of the bridge consists
of concrete slabs supported by concrete columns. Water is issued to canals by opening the sluice of
the reservoir. There is another device called Pitawana to discharge excessive water the tank receives
during the rainy season. In this case it is connected with its (Biso Kotuwa) slit-trap. Its duty is to
reduce the pressure of tank water. The channel and sluice are connected by a tunnel that goes under
the reservoir dam.
4.2 WATER RELEASE

Figure 4.2 – Spillway

A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam into a
downstream area. Spillways ensure that the water does not overflow and damage or destroy the
dam.
4.3 BRIDGE

Figure 4.3 – Bridge

o Length – 12m
o Width – 4m
4.4 RESERVOIR BUND

Figure 4.4 - Reservoir Bund Figure 4.5 - Bund location

o Length of bund - 800ft
o Upstream slope - 3:1
o Downstream slope - 2:1
o Fully Supply Level - 98.8m

4.5 SIMILAR STRUCTURE

Pressreader.com. 2020. Pressreader.Com - Your Favorite Newspapers And Magazines.. [online]

Available at: <https://www.pressreader.com/sri-lanka/sunday-times-sri-
lanka/20200524/282084869006010> [Accessed 15 December 2020].
5. CULVERT

I have selected a culvert as my second hydraulic structure. A culvert is a small channel that
allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar obstruction from one side to the other.
Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced
concrete or other material. Culverts are commonly used both as cross-drains to relieve drainage of
ditches at the roadside, and to pass water under a road at natural drainage and stream crossings. A
culvert may be a bridge-like structure designed to allow vehicle or pedestrian traffic to cross over
the waterway while allowing adequate passage for the water. Culverts come in many sizes and
shapes including round, elliptical, flat-bottomed, open-bottomed, pear-shaped, and box-like
constructions. The culvert type and shape selection are based on a number of factors including
requirements for hydraulic performance, limitations on upstream water surface elevation, and
roadway embankment height.

Figure 5.1 – In front of the Culvert Figure 5.2 – Drawing of the culvert

o Length of the culvert - 20.5m

o Width of the culvert(Opening) - 3.5m
o Depth of the culvert(Opening) – 4.0m

Figure 5.3 – Side view of the Culvert

6. DISCUSSION
6.1 LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE ASSIGNMENT
It is very good experience for me to visit away to rural area. I could find information of my
own through a field visit. I identified hydraulic structures of a reservoir observing from by visiting
the place. The applicability, dimensions and locations were observed. I gained more practical
knowledge on process of those structures.
6.2 SEEPAGE FROM THE BUND OR CRACKS IN BUND
This reservoir was constructed in 2010 and it is well maintained by Irrigation department.
Therefore, I did not see any seepage from the bund or cracks in bund. Turfing on the outer surface
of the bund and Rubble layer on the inner surface of the bund avoids the bund form eroding.
6.3 DEAD STORAGE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN DRIEST
SEASONS
The number of farmer families to benefit from the Kekiriobada scheme will be 3,437 and
among the benefits to the community will be to provide good drinking water during droughts as
well as for inland fisheries, while its main function will be to irrigate a large extent of paddy lands
in Kirama, Walasmulla, Beliatta and Tangalle.
6.4 DESIGN RETURN PERIOD
Kekiriobada reservoir is located at a higher elevation. So according to my point of view the
reservoir has to build at least with a design return period of 50 - 100 years. Otherwise if there is any
failure occurs a huge vicinity will undergo a great danger.
6.5 THE IMPORTANT THINGS THAT AN ENGINEER SHOULD CONSIDER
6.5.1 Sluice design
o Rainfall intensity of area
o Water requirement of users
o Type and dimensions

6.5.2 Bund design

o Identifying most appropriate material

o Check for slope stability
o Check for safety measures for erosion
o Designing the bottom of bund to withstand water pressure

6.5.3 Spillway design

o Rainfall intensity of area

o Type of spillway
o Capacity of reservoir
o Suitable location
7. REFERNCE

o En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Culvert. [online] Available at:

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culvert> [Accessed 15 December 2020].

o Archives.dailynews.lk. 2020. Sri Lanka News | Online Edition Of Daily News - Lakehouse
Newspapers. [online] Available at: <http://archives.dailynews.lk/2010/03/30/news20.asp>
[Accessed 15 December 2020].