Check Sheet Check sheets are also termed as defect concentration diagrams.

A check sheet is a
structured, prepared form for collecting and analysing data.3 This is a generic tool that can be adapted
for a wide variety of purposes. The function of a check sheet is to present information in an efficient,
graphical format. This may be accomplished with a simple listing of items. However, the utility of check
sheets may be significantly enhanced in some instances by incorporating a depiction of the system
under analysis into the form. A sample check sheet is shown in Figure 8.3.

Applications of a Check Sheet Check sheets can be used to: 1. To distinguish between fact and opinion
(for example, how does the community perceive the efficacy of a school in preparing students for the
world of work?) 2. To gather data about how often a problem occurs (for example, how often are
students missing classes?) 3. To gather data about the type of problems that occur (for example, what is
the most common type of word-processing error committed by students—grammar, punctuation,
transposing letters, etc.?) 4. When data can be observed and collected repeatedly by the same person or
at the same location. 5. When collecting data on the frequency or patterns of events, problems, defects,
defect location, defect causes, etc. 6. When collecting data from a production process.

 Histogram Histograms provide a simple graphical view of accumulated data, including its dispersion
and central tendency. It is the most commonly used graph to show frequency distributions. In addition
to the ease with which they can be constructed, histograms provide the easiest way to evaluate the
distribution of data. A frequency distribution graph shows how often each different value in a set of data
occurs. A histogram is a specialized type of bar chart. Individual data points are grouped together in
classes, so that one can get an idea of how frequently data in each class occur in the data set. High bars
indicate more points in a class, and low bars indicate fewer points. In Figure 8.4, the peak lies in the
segment 40–49 classes where there are four points