TRAINING REPORT

BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED HARIDWAR (UK)

SUBMITTED BY :
MOHIT KUMAR MALHOTRA ROLL NO. B09066 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 22ND MAY-2011 TO 22ND JUNE- 2011 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANDI(H.P.)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this project report. I want to thank the Department of Vocational Training - HRDC of the BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED HARIDWAR for allowing me to do my training here. I have furthermore to thank Dr. Genemala Haobijam and Dr. Bharat Singh Rajpurohit who gave and confirmed this permission and encouraged me to go ahead with my training. I am bound to the ITI employees of BHEL Haridwar for their stimulating suppor t .

I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Mr. P S Jangpangi whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me in all the time of research for and writing of this report.

My former classmates from various other reputed colleges supported me in my research work. I want to thank them for all their help, support, interest and valuable hints .I am deeply obliged to Mr. Ravindra Chaurasia for sparing his valuable time in the EXCITER SECTION. My family was of great help in difficult times. My mother Mrs. Veenu Malhotra looked closely at the final version of the report for English style and grammar, correcting both and offering suggestions for improvement .

INTRODUCTION TO BHEL

BHEL is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India in the energy related infrastructure s ector tod ay. BHEL was established more than 40 years ag o w hen its first plant was s etup in Bhopal ushering in the indigen ous Heavy Electrical Equipment Industry in India a dream which has been m or e than realized with a well recognized track rec or d of performance it has been earning profits continu ously since 1971- 72. BHEL caters to core sectors of the Indian Econ omy viz . , Power Gener ati on' s & Tr ansmission, Industry, Tr ansp ortation, Telecommuni cati on , Rene wable Energy, Defens e, etc. The Wide net w o rk of BHEL's 14 manufacturing divisi on, four power Sector regi onal centers ,over 150 project sites, eight service centers and 18 regional offices, enables the Comp an y t o promptly serve its customers and pr ovide them with suitable pr oducts, systems and services efficiently and at competitive prices .

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.(BHEL) Haridwar has two manufacturing plants: Heavy Electrical Equipment Plant (HEEP) and Central Foundry Forge Plant (CFFP). The Heavy Electricals Equipment Plant (HEEP) located in Haridwar, is one of the major manufacturing plants of BHEL. The core business of HEEP includes design and manufacture of large steam and gas turbines, turbo generators, hydro turbin and generators, hydro turbines es and generators, large AC/DC motors and so on. Central Foundry Forge Plant (CFFP) is engaged in manufacture of Steel Castings: Upto 50 Tons Per Piece Wt & Steel Forgings: Upto 55 Tons Per Piece Wt. HEEP & CFFP have been awarded ISO-9001 and ISO-9002 certificates respectively. HEEP & CFFP units of BHEL, Haridwar have also been awarded ISO-14001.

POWER TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION (T & D)

BHEL offer wide ranging products and systems for T & Dapplications. Products manufactured include power transformers,instrument transformers, dry type transformers, series and stuntreactor, capacitor tanks, vacuum and SF circuit breakers gasinsulated switch gears and insulators. A strong engineering base enables the Company to undertaketurnkey delivery of electric substances up to 400 kV level seriescompensation systems (for increasing power transfer capacity oftransmission lines and improving system stability and voltageregulation), shunt compensation systems (for power factor andvoltage improvement) and HVDC systems (for economic transferof bulk power). BHEL has indigenously developed the state-of-the-art controlled shunt reactor (for reactive power management onlong transmission lines). Presently a 400 kV Facts (Flexible ACTransmission System) project under execution

EXCITER

Generators require direct current to energize its magnetic field. The DC field current is obtained from a separate source called an exciter. Either rotating or static-type exciters are used for AC power generation systems. There are two types of rotating exciters: brush and brushless. The primary difference between brush and brushless exciters is the method used to transfer the DC exciting current to the generator fields. Static excitation for the generator fields is provided in several forms including field-flash voltage from storage batteries and voltage from a system of solid-state components. DC generators are either separately excited or self-excited. Excitation systems in current use include direct-connected or gear-connected shaft-driven DC generators, belt-driven or separate prime mover or motor-driven DC generators, and DC supplied through static rectifiers. The brush-type exciter can be mounted on the same shaft as the AC generator armature or can be housed separately from, but adjacent to, the generator. When it is housed separately, the exciter is rotated by the AC generator through a drive belt. The distinguishing feature of the brush-type generator is that stationary brushes are used to transfer the DC exciting current to the rotating generator field. Current transfer is made via rotating slip rings (collector rings) that are in contact with the brushes. Each collector ring is a hardened-steel forging that is mounted on the exciter shaft. Two collector rings are used on each exciter, each ring is fully insulated from the shaft and each other. The inner ring is usually wired for negative polarity, the outer ring for positive polarity. A rotating-rectifier exciter is one example of brushless field excitation. In rotating-rectifier exciters, the brushes and slip rings are replaced by a rotating, solid-state rectifier assembly. The exciter armature, generator rotating assembly, and rectifier assembly are mounted on a common shaft. The rectifier assembly rotates with, but is insulated from, the generator shaft as well as from each winding.

Static exciters contain no moving parts. A portion of the AC from each phase of generator output is fed back to the field windings, as DC excitations, through a system of transformers, rectifiers, and reactors. An external source of DC is necessary for initial excitation of the field windings. On engine driven generators, the initial excitation may be obtained from the storage batteries used to start the engine or from control voltage at the switchgear. References: Joint Departments of the Army and the Navy, Operation Maintenance and Repair of Auxiliary Generators, 26 August 1996

SCHEMATIC OF POWER GENERATION FROM 500 MW GENERATOR