RC1 Team3 Reversible Architecture

REVERSIBLE
ARCHITECTURE
// RC1-TEAM3
Research Cluster 1, 2019-2020

M.Arch Architectural Design
UCL, The Bartlett School of Architecture

1 INTRODUCTION 6.1 Material Connection Chart 10 PHYSIC MODEL
1.1 Theoretical Background 6.2 Joint Design 11 DESIGN ITERATIONS
1.2 Project overview 6.3 Material Application logic
12 BIBIOGRAPHY
1.3 Scenario
7 COMMUNITY REBUILDING
2 MATERIAL LOGISTIC CHAIN 7.1 Game1 Workflow
2.1 Material Lifecycle 7.2 Damage Assessment
2.2 Material Logistic Chain in London 7.3 User’s Preference
2.3 Demolish Method 7.4 Algorithms Optimization
2.4 Material Classification
2.5 Material Catalog 8 BUILDING GENERATION
2.6 Material Storage 8.1 Game2 Workflow
8.2 Reversible Space Design
RC 1 Reversible Architecture
8.3 UI Interface
3 URBAN RECONSTRUCTION
Reversible Architecture
8.4 Data Collection
3.1 Background
8.5 Algorithm Generation
3.2 Participatory Construction System
8.6 The Final space
3.3 Gaming Approach
3.4 Case Study: Bartlett School
3.5 Conflicts in Ukraine 9 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
3.6 Reversible Space 9.1 Construction Workflow
RESEARCH CLUSTER 1, DÉBORAH LÓPEZ, HADIN CHARBEL, JORIS PUTTENEERS 9.2 Spatial Form Decomposition
Team 3:: Sitan Sun, Mingmin Shen, Xinjie, Wu 9.3 Voxel Typology
4 REVERSIBLE ARCHITECTURE 9.4 Material Combination system
4.1 Introduction
9.5 Unit Combination
4.2 Project process
9.6 Construction
4.3 UI Interface
5 MATERIAL LIBRARY
5.1 Detection Process
5.2 Material Dataset
5.3 Material Exchange Library
6 MATERIAL CONNECTION
2
UCL, The Bartlett School of Architecture 3
4
5
Introduction
Chapter 1
REVERSIBLE ARCHITECTURE
//MEDIATING MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
Mingmin Shen, Sitan Sun, Xinjie Wu
Project Background
Today, the construction industry accounts for 39% of algorithms for optimisation. Based on the concept
the total carbon emissions produced by humans. The of reversible architecture, the project challenges the
desire for non-renewable resources such as sand, capital-led extractive economy by creating a visible
water, stone and steel during the rapid urbanisation and participatory material supply chain. The negative
process is irreversibly depleting entire regions, impact of an extractivist-dominated building system
essentially transforming their nature into habitats that can be reduced by pooling discarded materials
cannot support human and animal life. At the same and resources from the neighbourhood to produce
time, in the process of transferring raw materials building components that can be disassembled and
into the built environment, there has always been reused repeatedly.
the phenomenon of capital accumulation and the
corresponding cruel exploitation of the environment.
Img.1 Axonometric drawings for project’s units
This mining-led building manufacturing process has
inevitably caused some kind of irreversible damage.
Project Overview
From the perspective of architects, the project
proposes architecture as an interactive system of
functional reversibility, community engagement, and
the recycling and reuse of construction materials
to connect people and places. Therefore, when
the main purpose of architecture is to serve the
community rather than capital accumulation, a
bottom-up, citizen-led urban regeneration platform
is proposed. The decentralised platform promote
citizens, instead of architects, to play a major role in
city scale redevelopment projects, forming regional
redevelopment plans through a bottom-up approach,
in the form of games, with machine learning and
Img.2 Rendering of the final result
6 7
Non-Extractive Architecture: On designing without Deplrtion
Architecture - and the architects - has a huge At the same time, “a transition of equity” could
influence in defining how we live, work and socialise also change the concept of material supply chain,
as a community. In fact, architecture can be depicted from an unregulated profit-maximizing model to
as the process of how our collective priorities shape an internationalism of community negotiation,
the environment. Today, buildings are responsible for worker empowerment and solidarity between
nearly 40% global annual greenhouse gas emissions. material producers and consumers. Non-Extractive
As the real cost of inaction grows, every human activity Architecture is a new architectural model proposed
will be reconsidered – the construction industry is by Space Caviar, aiming to find a methodology, that
one of the places where creative thinking is most integrate community value into the architectural
desperately needed. Confronted with the urgency industry from long-term thinking, material resource
of the climate crisis, architects have a responsibility and their subsequent landscapes. The project involves
to think about the environmental impact of building a series of research and residential and public projects,
material and are called upon to creatively reimagine proposing if we can meet our insatiable needs for
the performance of materials, in order to guide our economic development and material consumption
innovations to meet the challenges. through reuse and recycling, using old materials to
create new cities, and proposes detachable design
Face by the urgency of the climate crisis, attention and material circulation, to realise a closed-loop
has been focused on the impact from material system for material extraction and production.
production and supply: the accumulation of capital
and the corresponding processes of cruelty and Start from the concept proposed by Non-extractive
exploitation in the transfer of raw materials into Architecture, we aim to create a community
the built environment have long been thought at reconstruction platform, to enable negotiations and
alarming scales, and considered to be disjointed with empowerment of the community through gaming.
planning practices. It has reflected today’s global At the same time, we propose a material exchange
neocolonial model of extractive capitalism. Political library at community scale, to radically overturn the
theorist Damian White has pointed that, the concept previous material supply chain, which was built on
of “a transition of equity” as a powerful framework, the exploitation of labour and nature. Beyond that,
has recently been put forward in areas such as a detachable design of architecture may realise the
climate justice, for thinking about how to change the “carbon free”, to further seek the coexistence of
contradictions between environmental protections, built environment and environmental protection.
workers’ benefits and the economy in today’s model
of extractive capitalism.
Img.3 Illustrations in <Non-Extractive Architecture> Caviar, S., (2021). Non-extractive architecture. Moscow: V-A-C Foundation.
8 9
Chapter 1: Introduction
Project Objective Project Workflow
Material
Preventing
Transparency
government
corruption
Our
Platform
Upcycling Participatory
of materials Construction
System
Reversible design and A more democratic de-

material upcycling sign for the community
Img.4 The diagram of project’s aim and contribution
According to the industry based on an extractive economy, the logistic and trading with material are not transparency, while industrialized processes have made
construction easily achieved but deconstruction complicated. Therefore, we seek to create a decentralised open-source platform within a city context which aims
for transparency in material trading and reversibility in construction practices and architectural functions.
In this platform we have made the logistics chain of materials transparent, used upcycle materials for construction and designed a high tolerance construction
system. The game approach were applied to the platform to enable users to collaboratively design and construct each stage of their community. The platform
therefore in an attempt to create a community where materials are decentralised and autonomous and where building functions are reversible.
10 11
Chapter 1: Introduction Scenario
Methodology
Industrialization Climate Change
Decoding
Material Transparency Resources Shortage War Conflict Man-made Extreme

Material Disaster Climate
Exchange
Literature Review Site Visit
Material Reuse Urban

Reconstruction
3D Scanning Machine Learning

Participatory
Construction Building Demolish Reversible Adapting to new Non-democratic
Architecture situation Negotiation
Case Study Video Game

Damage Detection Voxlization Video Game Reversible Space
Agent Simulation Magnetizing
Reversible Material Demolish Community Building

Classification method Rebuilding Generation
Space
Prdestrian Simulation
Storage Point Material

Catalog
Space Voxelization Galapagos

Reversible
Construction
Material Reversible Participatory
Exchange Construction Construction System
Recoding
Research of material logistic chain The scenario illustrates the outline of the project. As a background target location and the platform was used to complete the post-
to the project, on the one hand, an extractive-based capitalist war reconstruction of Ukraine, including participatory design
Research of urban reconstruction
economy has led to a shortage of building resources. On the other of communities, participatory construction based on reusable
Img.5 Diagram of project methodology hand, many cities have been destroyed by extreme weather due materials, and the realisation of a reversible material logistics
Techincal approach of the projects
to climate change and urgently need to be rebuilt. Our project chain. At the same time, video games were used as a tool to enable
Proposal target of the projects therefore aims to provide a platform for community redevelopment community-based participatory design and construction.
in which the material cycle is reversible. Ukraine was chosen as the
Img.6 Project Scenario
12 13
Chapter 3: Urban reconstruction
Project outline
Participate in the building process

Design of reversible spaces
+ A comprehensive view of the building Deep involvement in the design

design and manufacturing process and construction of communities
+ +
Architecture Public
Assist with algorithm design Users play game to design their Floor plan
private and public spaces
Participatory construction
Reversible construction
system
+
Enter user preferences for communities and spaces
Designing the game flow

+
Platform & System
+ Urban regeneration projects are largely gov-
ernment-led and profit-oriented, rather than
community upgrading oriented through com-
Users play game to design their Community plan munity dynamics and resident participation.
community functions Government-led community redevelopment
policies treat housing and construction as a
commodity in an open market, and as such,
Market value Reversible space Material exchange these projects are mostly utilised by develop-
ers as a means of making a profit rather than
as an opportunity for improvement. For local
Participation in the consultation and negotiation governments, a community-based, bottom-up
process of the public approach to urban policy means encouraging
comprehensive planning and collaboration
between government and the community. It is
a holistic approach built around families and
communities.
Government
The global pandemic of 2020 shows how
Conflicts between goernment and market:
Conflicts between goernment and construction: much informed public debate and consent
Evaluation and approval 1. Labor shortage after Brexit
1. Complex approval standards for rebuilding houses is needed before government decisions can
2. High transportation cost and landfill cost
2. Land is privatized, but there are still many restrictions gain significant support. At the same time,
3. High cost of treatment of harmful materials
3. High third-party supervision fees + the private lives of heterogeneous residents
4. Material waste, pollution of the environment
4. Strict construction industry system require built spaces that are adaptable to
5. The cost of regulating markets is enormous
5. Design freedom is low and cumbersome change, rather than a uniform, standardised
space. Therefore, in line with the changing
context and the needs of individuals, it is pro-
posed that architecture be seen as a process
Evaluation and approval of community and building and system in which the flexibility of space,
+ the involvement of the community, and the
construction processes
management of the construction process in-
teract to design and produce a building.
Img.7 Diagram of project outline
14 15
Chapter 2
Material logistic chain
16 17
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain
Introduction
Img.9 Context of material logistic chain

Img.11 Material logistic study

Chapter 2 provides the theoretical background to the material logistics chain. This
includes a study of the life cycle of different materials and a field survey of the ma- The construction industry consumes forty percent of the materials used globally each year (Global ABC Global Status Report,
terials logistics chain in London, where two methods of demolition based on differ- 2018). According to the UK State of Materials Reuse Survey (2003), when a building is demolished, between thirty-five and forty
ent configurations of buildings are presented, together with the design of a com- percent of the materials are wasted and less than seventy percent are reused, and this includes materials that are transported
munity-wide storage process for demolition materials. The chapter focuses on the to landfill. In addition, industrialized processes have made construction very easy, but deconstruction very complicated, this is
process of materials from production to decommissioning and attempts to create a due to an industry based on an extractive economy, however in contemporary scenarios, there is not enough resources. Thus, it
catalogue of decommissioned materials through machine learning, which provides a has become a problem that how to reduce the waste generated in the lifecycle of materials. Today’s buildings are designed to be
technical reference for the subsequent construction of a materials exchange platform.. easily assembled, not disassembled or reassembled. These relate to the opaqueness of material logistics and material waste.
18 19
Material lifecycle
Concrete ------The game of traditional and modern ways to upcycle concrete. Timber
Aggregate Cement Slurry Reinforcement material
+ +
Roof
Beam
stone sand cement and water steel fiber glass fiber pre-formed foam
Column
cement concrete lightweight concrete fiber reinforced concrete Autoclaved aerated concrete In fact, over 90% of construction, demolition
and excavation waste have opportunity to be
recycled nowadays, like bricks and woods. As
for the concrete, the general life cycle now
is to be crashed into particles in their end of
life and reprocess some reusable parts as raw
Foundation
Type
materials from beginning, so the other part
will have to be wasted in the process. So if
there is an other way to reuse such material?
We will try to find out.
Precast Beams Precast Floor Slabs Precast Walls Precast Columns
Construction
Raw M
ateria End of Life
l
Precaset
Concrete
When a tree is ready
for harvesting it is Ma
inte
felled, debranched nce
and usually cut into a
butt log, middle log
t
and top log, plus one ves
Demolition to three sections of Har
Application
Way pulpwood. Wood components damaged by termite
Manufacture Post production Seasoned timber
& Distribution Decay and deterioration timber
Crown and bench Wood components were replacement
Deformated wood components
wrecking ball high-reach arm Selective Demolition Non-explosive demolition agent DYNACEM
Wood chips and particles Damaged materials and
Shaving and dry chips prefabricated structural
Sawdust Broken plank components
Crown and branch wood can
Crushing into partical size be collected up to be chipped The wood extracted from the
Concrete chunk with rebars for reusing as aggregate
and used as forest fuel. Smaller Swedish forest can be divided up
trees that are felled during thin- into three main flows: 47 percent
step3: grading ning, for example, are cut into goes to the sawmills, 45 percent
pulpwood or small-dimension heads for the pulp mills and 8
saw logs with a top diameter of percent is used for firewood,
Recycling
120–200 mm. Alternatively, trees poles and so on. The logs are ac-
Flow both large and small with bends, companied by bark, while crowns
twists, hollowed centers or other and branches are also taken from
defects will be removed during a the forest in the form of forest
Collecting uncontaminated concrete and rebars Every chunks with 1.5m or 2m Length and width
final harvest dlone with the saw- fuel, which is used for energy
step1:Transports and acceptance at a step2: crushing and sorting. New step 3: collecting timber.
concrete recycling facility. and processing.
20 21
Material lifecycle
Steel Stone
Marble Slate
Metamorphic Stone
Wall
Granite Basalt
Foundation
Igneous Rocks
Sandstone Limestone
Sedimentary Rocks
Quarrying
Sel Decommissioning
ect
ion
Ma
in
& R tenan
esto ce
rati
on
y
p pl Decay phenomena induced
Su Construction
by environmental attacks, ag-
There are three stone ing, and/or damage due to
Preparation construction method: long-term heavy loads can
Dry stone stacking, strongly influence the super-
Stone masonry, Stone ficial and structural durability
veneer. During the of stone masonry, including
construction process, multiple-leaf structures. During
some stones veneer the maintenance, some stones
Quarry by-products are produced and stone brick will be veneer and stone brick will be
during crushing and washing opera- discarded because of replaced because of Weather-
tions. There are three types of quarry
the improperly cut size. ing, corrosion and damage
by-products resulting from these op-
erations: screenings, pond fines, and
baghouse fines.
22 23
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain Construction research in London
Material Logistic Chain Research in London
1. Make Construction map in London 2. Building demolition

method research
Investigation into how many buildings are
Research Process being demolished in an area of London A Case study used to investigate
the demolition process of a
building in London
3. Research on the flow of

materials after demolition
4. London Landfill Map Investigating the destination of

different materials after a building
Investigating the location and has been demolished by interview
accessibility of landfill sites within
London
After the building has been demolished,

most of the waste material is sorted and
transported to the nearby landfill, with the
exception of concrete, which is crushed on
site or transported to a nearby plant to be
crushed and reprocessed.
5. Research on material storage

methods
Construction Manager
Investigating the storage of different
materials in landfills
Most of the materials from the landfill are

sold to companies that reuse materials for
reuse, and some are sold to people who
want to use cheaper materials to repair their
houses.
6. Landfill material
flow survey
Investigate the flow of materials in the
landfill and the reuse of materials
Landfill manager
London de-construction storage map
24 25
Case study
Building being demolished
80-81 Farringdon St, London

Shoe Ln, London
80 Farringdon Street is a Grade II list building in

the City of London. Historic England notes that
it was originally a terraced house, built in about
1720 for a vintner, and was converted to a pub
in about 1832. The building is the traditional
london terrace house with brick and wood con-
struction.
Img.1 Img.2
Img.4 Img.5
81 Farringdon Street and 77 Farringdong Street

are both commercial building with concrete and
steel construction.
There three buildings are all being demolished:

A 13-storey development designed by TP Ben-
nett is set to go ahead after the City of London Img.6
gave it approval.
Img. 4-5 The current site location of 80 Farrington Street and the whole demolished plan stated by government.
The works will begin in May and see the demo-
Img. 6 The dismantled structure of the building and dconstruction material statistics of 80 Farrington Street. The deconstruction of
lition of two existing buildings – 81 Farringdon
Img.3 the building structure helps the program better study the framework and construction of the current buildings. In addition, each
Street and 1 Stonecutter Court – to make way for
disassembled component is classified and counted
32,000m2 office space.
26 27
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain Material storage research
Material landfills in London
Demolished site Landfill
Clearaway Reclamation Surry Waste Removal Veolia, Rainham Landfill

Whetsted Road, Whetsted, Tonbridge TN12 Avern Rd, Molesey, West Molesey KT8 2JP Coldharbour Ln, Rainham RM13 9YB
6SD
28 29
Material storage
1 mechanical and electrial elements 2 components: windows,doors 3 interior walls Planning & Development
Building Condition
• Program
• Finance
• Evaluation
• Management
• License
1. Prepare the site: 2. Strip away nonstructural components:

Mechanics, electricians, and plumbers cut off the power, shut down Labor forces dismantle the architectural, mechanical, and electrical elements of When a building is demolished, the planning scheme of the new
HVAC systems, and cap open piping. Crew members also install a tem- the structure, leaving the building’s shell. building will be formulated. The period of the permission is usually
porary lighting system and add a trash chute to maximize sorting of stipulated in the conditions of the permit, starting within 3 years from
recyclable goods the date of obtaining the permit.
Label each Material Storage Requirement Storage Point

Aggregates
Bricks Blocks Roofing tiles Drainage pipes
Bricks may be delivered to site loose Bricks may be delivered to site loose Bricks may be delivered to site loose Bricks may be delivered to site loose Bricks may be delivered to site loose
or strapped in unit loads and stored or strapped in unit loads and stored or strapped in unit loads and stored on or strapped in unit loads and stored or strapped in unit loads and stored
on timber pallets to be transport- on timber pallets to be transport- timber pallets to be transported using on timber pallets to be transported us- on timber pallets to be transported us-
Bricks may be delivered to site loose or ed using a forklift. Bricks should be ed using a forklift. Bricks should be a forklift. Bricks should be stacked on ing a forklift. Bricks should be stacked ing a forklift. Bricks should be stacked
strapped in unit loads and stored on tim- stacked on edge in rows to a maxi- stacked on edge in rows to a maxi- edge in rows to a maximum height of on edge in rows to a maximum height on edge in rows to a maximum height
mum height of 2.4 m. mum height of 2.4 m. 2.4 m. of 2.4 m. of 2.4 m.
ber pallets to be transported using a fork-
lift. Bricks should be stacked on edge in
rows to a maximum height of 2.4 m.
8 load-bearing walls 7 floor beams 6 floors 5 roof tiles 4 insulation
Suburban Warehouse
During the three-year period when dem-

olition approval was obtained and the site
was redesigned, the house was left with a
load-bearing structure and skin, and in an
unused state. This time gap in the demolition
process can be used as a storage site. Trans-
porting most of the materials under other
4. Sort debris: 3. Remove materials and shore up building: demolitions in the area to this site saves a lot
The team places the deconstructed building materials into Structure shoring and temporary supports are added. Crews remove of transportation and storage costs.
recycle, reuse, sell, or donate bins and then begins new con- floor beams, load-bearing walls, columns, and floor slabs of external Users can on-site pickup materials at this stor-
struction. sections of the building that require demolition. age point after purchasing materials
30 31
• Frame structure Selective demolition
Demolish method
• Roof Using a residential house in London as a case study, we analysed the basic compo- “Selective Demolition and On-site Sorting” is to facilitate recovery of construction
Building materials classification - Brick structure nents in the building and the materials used in each component to consider how to and demolition (C&D) materials for beneficial reuse/recycling, thus minimizing the
• floors maximise the use of materials to dismantle the building. burden on municipal landfills and public filling areas.
• Wall with windor and door
• Walls Selective demolition flow - Brick structure
• Interior walls
Tiles in Roof
Timber in roof frames
Window in attic
Timber boards in floors 1. Prepare the site, cut off the power 2. Strip away mechanical and electrial 3. Add temporary supports remove
elements as well as windows and doors. interior walls and insulations.
Temporary supports stabilize stabilize the

The construction crew cuts off utilities, adds The nonstructural pieces of the building are building while workers demolish the desired
temporary lighting, and installs trash chutes. removed, leaving behind the building shell. beams, walls, and floor slabs.
Insulation layer
Brick in Walls
Timber in frames
Windows
Doors
Timber in floors
6. Demolish exterior walls and sort the debris. 5. Remove roof structure and floor beams. 4. Remove roof tiles and floors
32 33
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain • Frame structure Selective demolition method - concrete wall
Demolish method • Roof
Building materials classification - Concrete frame structure • floors
• Wall with windor and door Concrete in wall
• Walls
• Interior walls The concrete walls and broken walls to be removed
are first measured to determine the cutting point
and size of each piece, including measuring the
broken parts, the distribution of reinforcement and
Tiles in Roof the location of the floor slab. After the positioning
is completed a hand-held cutter is used to cut it to-
gether with the reinforcement into large pieces of
a certain size. Concrete on higher floors can be re-
moved by a large demolition unit before secondary
treatment of it.
Steel in roof frames
Concrete in frames
Concrete in roof frames
Concrete processing
Concrete in walls
Windows
Concrete in foundation
2. Cutting reinforcement in concrete and trimming edges 3. Spot cutting of large concrete blocks
34 35
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain Modeling simulations attempt
Material acquisition test
Physical attempt
Different from the London scenario, these
buildings are mostly concrete, the left overs of
which are all irregular due to explosions. There-
fore, rather than performing precise incisions
and meticulous dismantling, simulations of dif-
ferent forms of demolition techniques are used
to get a prediction of the probability of parts.
We conducted a controlled concrete blast test

and uploaded the concrete fragments to the
material library by 3d scanning; the idea being
that one would upload post-war broken ma-
terial to the material library in the same way.
More digital simulations will be carried out in
Place the material into the black the near future. We also simulated the anima-
Original model (Test) Tool preparation board with the positioning mark tion of the building collapse to get the material
pieces. The idea being that one would upload
post-war broken material to the material library
in the same way.
Scanning process
Explosion process
Stair Concrete chunk Concrete chunk

Concrete chunk Concrete chunk
Window
Structure timber Steel
Brick
Steel
Material flagments Recover flagments

Physical material scanning into 3D model
36 37
Decoding Methodology Material identification
Strategy
Training Set
Candidate label
38 39
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain Machine learning Data collection
YOLOV5 Network
40 41
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain Material Catalog
Material catalog
Material Classification with types Classification by the usable properties and types of different material.
Brick Timber Concrete
Log Board Batten Block Chunk Rubble

Brick Tile
Life
span*Shapes
Life Span * History*Color Life Span
Prefabricated Pipe *Size
*Types Square wood Stick *Usages
board
Stone Steel Components

Timber
TL01 INFORMATION
TL02 INFORMATION
TL03 INFORMATION
TL04 INFORMATION
TL05 INFORMATION
Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1
Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla-
Beam Corrugated Iron sheet Window Door Container mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage
Rock Slab
Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG
steel DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Size:1.2X0.3X0.2m Size:1.1X0.3X0.2m Size:1.2X0.3X0.3m Size:1.2X0.3X0.3m Size:1.2X0.3X0.2m
Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years
Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg)
Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2%
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Slate Aluminium Timber Medium Log Timber Medium Log Timber Medium Log Timber Medium Log Timber Medium Log
Stair Column Furniture TL06 TL07 TL08 TS01 TS02
plate INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage
History*Shapes Usages*Types Usages*Types DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Size:1.2X0.2X0.2m Size:1.2X0.3X0.3m Size:1.2X0.3X0.3m Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm
*Size Sculpture Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years
Timber Medium Log Timber Medium Log Timber Medium Log Timber Stick Timber Stick
TS03 INFORMATION
TS04 INFORMATION
TS05 INFORMATION
TL01 INFORMATION
TL02 INFORMATION
Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Reclama-
Function Classification Classification according to building construction components. mation&Salvage

Postcode:SE15 2BG
mation&Salvage
Postcode:SE15 2BG
mation&Salvage
Postcode:SE15 2BG
mation&Salvage
Postcode:SE15 2BG
tion&Salvage
Postcode:SE15 2BG
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Size:29x6.8x5.5cm Size:25X3.4X4.7cm Size:19.0x3.0x2.2cm Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm
Facing Components Timber Stick Timber Stick Timber Stick Lump of Timber Lump of Timber
TL03 INFORMATION
TL04 INFORMATION
TL05 INFORMATION
TB01 INFORMATION
TB02 INFORMATION
Ownership:Peckham Reclama- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla-
tion&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage
Size:29x6.8x5.5cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm
Wall Decoration Beam Panel Pillar Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg)
Timber Timber Timber Lump of Timber Lump of Timber Lump of Timber Timber Board Timber Board
Brick*Timber*
* * * TB03 TS04 TB05 TB06 TL07
Stone*Con- INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
Steel Steel Steel Total Amount:90 Total Amount:430 Total Amount:25 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:240
crete*Steel* Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla-
* mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage
Components Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG
Stone DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Size:25X3.4X4.7cm Size:19.0x3.0x2.2cm Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm
Timber Board Timber Board Timber Board Timber Board Timber Board
42 43
Material catalog
Brick Concrete
B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 CR01 INFORMATION
CR02 INFORMATION
CR03 INFORMATION
CR04 INFORMATION
CR05 INFORMATION
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard
mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard
Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:15X10X3.5cm Size:17X13X4.2cm Size:13X8.5X6.7cm Size:9.8X8.8X3.7cm
Size:18X12X7.4cm Size:18X12X7.4cm Size:25X13X7.1cm Size:25X12X7.4cm Size:25X12X7.4cm
Life Span:80 years Life Span:85 years Life Span:90years Life Span:90 years Life Span:120 years
Weight:4 pounds(1.81 kg) Weight:4.5 pounds(2.04 kg) Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg) Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg) Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg)
Damage degree:30%-40% Damage degree:28%-30% Damage degree:30%-41% Damage degree:32%-40% Damage degree:10%-15%
Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Erosion degree:Severe (E3) Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble
B09 B10 B06 B07 B08 CR06 INFORMATION

CR06 INFORMATION
CR06 INFORMATION
CR06 INFORMATION
CR06 INFORMATION
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1
Total Amount:60 Total Amount:8 Total Amount:11 Total Amount:48 Total Amount:30 Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard
mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION Size:9.8X8.8X3.7cm Size:9.8X8.8X3.7cm Size:9.8X8.8X3.7cm Size:9.8X8.8X3.7cm Size:9.8X8.8X3.7cm
Size:22X10X7cm Size:14X13X7.2cm Size:25X12X6.9cm Size:22X12X6.8cm Size:22X13X7.4cm Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years
Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:90 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Weight:55 pounds(24.94 kg) Weight:55 pounds(24.94 kg) Weight:55 pounds(24.94 kg) Weight:55 pounds(24.94 kg) Weight:55 pounds(24.94 kg)
Weight:4.5 pounds(2.04 kg) Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Weight:4.5 pounds(2.04 kg) Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg) Weight:5.5 pounds (2.49 kg) Damage degree:50% Damage degree:50% Damage degree:50% Damage degree:50% Damage degree:50%
Damage degree:10%-15% Damage degree:60%-80% Damage degree:36%-40% Damage degree:20%-25% Damage degree:15%-20% Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Severe (E3) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble Concrete Rubble
BT01 BT02 BT03 BT04 BT05 CB01 INFORMATION

CB02 INFORMATION
CB03 INFORMATION
CB04 INFORMATION
CP01 INFORMATION
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION Total Amount:235 Total Amount:689 Total Amount:689 Total Amount:129 Total Amount:200
Total Amount:8 Total Amount:8 Total Amount:8 Total Amount:8 Total Amount:8 Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard
mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:14X13X7.2cm Size:14X13X7.2cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm
Size:14X13X7.2cm Size:14X13X7.2cm Size:14X13X7.2cm Size:14X13X7.2cm Size:14X13X7.2cm Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years
Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:100 pounds(45.34 kg)
Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Weight:3 pounds(1.36 kg) Damage degree:10% Damage degree:6%-8% Damage degree:9%-10% Damage degree:8%-12% Damage degree:8%
Damage degree:60%-80% Damage degree:60%-80% Damage degree:60%-80% Damage degree:60%-80% Damage degree:60%-80% Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree: Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Concrete Block Concrete Block Concrete Block Concrete Block Concrete Pipe
Tile Tile Tile Tile Tile
Stone Component
SR01 SR02 SR03 SR04 SR05 CD01 INFORMATION
CD02 INFORMATION
CD03 INFORMATION
CD04 INFORMATION
CD05 INFORMATION
Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1
Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard
Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Size:51X39X12cm Size:28X22X6.9cm Size:26X19X12cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:15X11X5.2cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm
Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years
Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg)
Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60%
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Stone Rock
Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Stone Rock
Stone Rock Stone Rock Stone Rock Door Door Door Door Door
SS04 INFORMATION
SS05 INFORMATION
SS06 INFORMATION
SS07 INFORMATION
SS08 INFORMATION
CW01 INFORMATION
CW02 INFORMATION
CW03 INFORMATION
CW04 INFORMATION
CW04 INFORMATION
Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard
Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
Size:51X39X12cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Stone Slab Stone Slate Stone Slab Stone Slab Stone Slab Window Window Window Window Window
SS01 INFORMATION
SS02 INFORMATION
SS03 INFORMATION
SS09 INFORMATION
SS10 INFORMATION
CW01 INFORMATION
CW02 INFORMATION
CW03 INFORMATION
CW03 INFORMATION
CW03 INFORMATION
Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
mation Yard mation Yard mation&Salvage mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard
Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
Size:55X20X6cm Size:51X39X5cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:51X39X12cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm Size:12X11X3.6cm
Weight:4.5 pounds(2.04 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg)
Damage degree:10%-15% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:55% Damage degree:55% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60% Damage degree:60%
Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Stone Slab Stone Slab Stone Slab Stone Slab Stone Slate Stair Stair Stair Stair Stair
CC01 CC02 CC03 CT03 CT01

Steel INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
CB01 INFORMATION
CB02 INFORMATION
CB03 INFORMATION
CB04 INFORMATION
CB05 INFORMATION
Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
mation Yard
mation Yard
mation Yard
mation Yard
mation Yard
Total Amount:235 Total Amount:786 Total Amount:235 Total Amount:235 Total Amount:235 Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD
Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- Ownership:Clearaway Recla- DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard mation Yard Size:2000X11X11cm Size:2000X11X11cm Size:2000X11X11cm Size:2000X11X11cm Size:2000X11X11cm
Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Postcode:TN12 6SD Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION Weight:150 pounds(68.01 kg) Weight:150 pounds(68.01 kg) Weight:150 pounds(68.01 kg) Weight:150 pounds(68.01 kg) Weight:150 pounds(68.01 kg)
Size:200X200X10mm Size:10X10X80cm Size:50X50X3cm Size:76X38X65cm Size:76X38X65cm Damage degree:10% Damage degree:10% Damage degree:10% Damage degree:10% Damage degree:10%
Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Life Span:80 years Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Column Column Column Column Container
Damage degree:7%-10% Damage degree:10%-12% Damage degree:10% Damage degree:10% Damage degree:10%
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Erosion degree:Moderate (E2) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
H Beam Euqal-Angle Beam Box Section Beam C Channel Beam 3i Beam
44 45
Chapter 2: Material logistic chain Material classification with size
Material classification
Load-bearing wall Horizontal Concrete Stone Timber Steel Brick

[concrete]
0.01-0.2m³ 0.01-0.2m³ 2x2x5-20in 127x76x13mm 1/6 [240x115x53]mm
Verticality XS Debris Stone rubbles Sticks Beams Broken bricks
Wall
Concrete
Interior wall Stone
Timber
Roofing Concrete 0.2-0.4m³ 0.2-1m³ 4x4x5-20in 610x305x149mm 1/4 [240x115x53]mm

Structure S Small pieces Slabs Sticks Beams Broken bricks
Floor slab
Load-bearing wall Concrete/Stone
structure Slabs
Flooring
Timber/Steel
Interior floor
Concrete/Stone
Staircase 0.4-5m³ 1-5m³ 2x8x10-20in 203x133x30mm 1/2 [240x115x53]mm
Timber/Brick M Large pieces Medium chunk/slabs Square woods Beams Broken bricks
Concrete
Foundation
Steel
Concrete
Structure Beam
Steel 5-10m³ 5-15m³ 4x4x10-20in 914x305x224mm
3/4 [240x115x53]mm
Concrete L Strip and small chunks Big chunks Square woods Beams
Broken bricks
Column Steel
Material Labeling Timber
Sizs: Large 10-20m³ 15-25m³ 6x10x10-20in 1016x305x487mm 240x115x53mm

Material: Concrete XL Pillar and large chunks Big stones Square woods Beams Whole bricks
Structure: Load-bearing wall
L-C5-LB02
Sizs: X-Large Sizs: Small
Material: Concrete Material: Concrete
Structure: Load-bearing wall Structure: Load-bearing wall
L-C4-LB09 S-C2-LB03
Sizs: Small
Material: Concrete
Structure: Load-bearing wall
S-C3-LB04
46 47
Chapter 3
Urban reconstruction
48 49
Background
Government-led Reconstruction
Community-led Reconstruction
Img.22 Urban reconstruction background
This chapter presents some of the attempts made to realise architecture as a process Urban renewal projects are pervasively government-led and profit-oriented, rather than During the global pandemic period in 2020, public debate and consent have revealed
and system in the context of urban renewal, including a case study and site selection aiming for community benefits, through community dynamics and resident participation. great importance before government decisions. At the same time, the heterogenous
for the project. The chapter begins with the concept of reversible architectural spaces Government-led community regeneration policies treat housing and construction as a needs of residents requires a building space that can adapt to changes, rather than
in terms of spatial flexibility. It then uses the Bartlett building as a case study to propose commodity in an open market, so these projects are mostly controlled by developers as a fixed and standardised space. Therefore, according to the changes of the general
the use of games as a tool for bottom-up participatory design, leading to comprehen- a means of profit, rather than as an opportunity for improvement. For local governments, environment and the needs of individuals, it is recommended to view architecture as a
sive planning and collaboration between government and people. Finally, based on the community-based, bottom-up urban policies means encouraging comprehensive plan- process and system, in which the flexibility of space, the participation of the community,
need and urgency of community redevelopment, Ukraine is proposed as a test site for ning and collaboration between government and communities. It’s an integral approach the circular material supply chain, and the management of the construction process
the project platform and a series of site studies are presented at the end of this chapter. built around family and community. create synergies to construct a building.
50 51
Chapter 8: Building generation
Reversible space design Office modules
6mx5m
Adapt space Levels of spatial reversibility
• Dimension ( building level) Shopping mall
• Mono-functional 6mx21m
• Position of core elements • Cross-functional
• Building level Disassembly • Multidimensional Transformation School modules
• Capacity of the core
6mx10m
Mono-functional samples Room modules

6mx3m
Single office room Office meeting room Open office studio

Cross-functional samples
House room Class room Office room
Multidimensional Transformation samples
Small House room Medium office room Big office studio
Img.23 Diagram of reversible building
52 53
Gaming Approach Theoretical and technological inspirations of participatory construction system
The House of Clicks Place Viewer DragonQuest:Builder2
Architect
Algorithm
Preliminary
component Collect Data
design
Img.1 Img.1 Img.1
Upload Analysis of Evaluation
Preference data and Approval
GAME
Generate
Specific Space
Public Government
Img.26 The house of Clicks Img.28 Place Viewer Img.30 Game UI
Img.24 Diagram of gaming process
The house of clicks, also known as Hemnet House, Place viewer is a video-like viewer created by red- DragonQuest:Builder2 is an open-world sandbox
is a house designed by the Swedish online housing dit in 2017 for April Fool’s Day. There is an emp- game that allows players to experience the plot of
portal after collecting data from over 200 million ty canvas. The usere may place a tile upon it, but the game while being deeply involved in the plan-
hits. The idea was to create the ultimate image of they must wait to place another. Individually they ning, design and construction of the city, making
democracy: a home built by the people, for the can create something. Together they can create it easy for non-architects to build through the plot.
people. The idea was to create the ultimate image something more. The project presents an interac- Moreover, the game allows four players to build in
The Architecture and Algorithm The public and community The Government of democracy: a home built by the people, for the tive map that creates a way for people to unite and the same city at the same time and offers an open
people. The attempt was to use big data to design create an interaction source platform for users to upload their designs
The architects use their professionalism to provide The public enters user preferences by playing The Government is responsible for the a house that everyone would be happy with. for other players in the network to reference and
pre-design components for the community to choose games to achieve a level of public participation assessment and approval of the final modify.
from to ensure that the redevelopment of the community in community building. The views of the com- redevelopment plan to ensure that the
proceeds in the right direction. Algorithms assist in gath- munity will dominate the final outcome of the results of the redevelopment meet the
Weller, C, (2015) This Swedish house was designed Weller, C, (2015) This Swedish house was designed Romano, (2018) Dragon Quest Builders 2 de-
ering big data as well as generating designs to achieve a community reconstruction. appropriate specifications.
by two million people — and it’s surprisingly attractive. by two million people — and it’s surprisingly attractive. velopers discuss multiplayer, production status
redevelopment plan that satisfies most people.
From https://www.businessinsider.com/big-data-builds- From https://www.businessinsider.com/big-data-builds- From https://www.gematsu.com/2018/02/drag-
swedish-house-of-clicks-2015-6?r=US&IR=T swedish-house-of-clicks-2015-6?r=US&IR=T on-quest-builders-2-developers-discuss-multiplayer-pro-
duction-status
54 55
Chapter 3: Urban reconstruction CR09
CW03 TB08 Concrete Wall
Case Study: Bartlett Window Timber Board
INFORMATION
INFORMATION INFORMATION
Total Amount:2500
Bartlett building deconstruction analyse Total Amount:300 Total Amount:3000
Ownership:Bartlett School of
Ownership:Bartlett School of
Ownership:Bartlett School of Architecture
Architecture Architecture
Postcode:WC1H 0AY
Collaborative design process Postcode:WC1H 0AY Postcode:WC1H 0AY
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Size:25X12X7.4cm
Size:25X12X7.4cm Size:25X12X7.4cm
Life Span:45 years
Life Span:45 years Life Span:45 years
Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg)
Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg) Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg)
Damage degree:40%-60%
Damage degree:10%-15% Damage degree:10%-15%
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Temporary storage point
Remove mechanical and Remove windows, doors Remove interior walls
electrial elements
SS12 Stone Slate
B32 Brick
INFORMATION
INFORMATION Total Amount:30000
Total Amount:25000 Ownership:Bartlett School of
Ownership:Bartlett School of Architecture
Architecture Postcode:WC1H 0AY
Postcode:WC1H 0AY
Demolish load-bearing columns DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION Size:25X12X7.4cm
Size:25X12X7.4cm Life Span:100 years
Life Span:100 years Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg)
Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg) Damage degree:40%-60%
Damage degree:40%-60% Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Inventory of materials and

Construction for new building
The construction industry consumes forty percent

of the materials used globally each year (Global
ABC Global Status Report, 2018). According to the
CCn03 Concrete Column UK State of Materials Reuse Survey(2003), when
CF32 Concrete Floor a building is demolished, between 35% - 45% of
INFORMATION
Total Amount:50 INFORMATION
Demolish facade the materials are wasted and less than seventy
Ownership:Bartlett School of Total Amount:25000 percent are reused, and this includes materials
Architecture
Postcode:WC1H 0AY
Ownership:Bartlett School of Demolish floors that are transported to landfill. But with selective
Architecture
Postcode:WC1H 0AY demolition, specific case studies have shown that
DESCRIPTION
Size:25X12X7.4cm DESCRIPTION
the process can achieve a material wastage rate
Life Span:100 years Size:25X12X7.4cm of 10%, which is lower than the current status quo.
Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg) Life Span:100 years
Damage degree:40%-60% Weight:5 pounds (2.27 kg)
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Damage degree:40%-60%
56 57
Chapter 3: Urban reconstruction Game test
Case Study: Bartlett
Log in Chose basic module Rotate module’s direction

(Press R)
Put different types of furnitures Furnitures’ types can change floors’ color Rotate Camera’s direction
We found some students to play the game.
Drug waste modules into trash can Read previous plane Upload your plane
58 59
Game data analyse of Bartlett
Functional Fragments
60 61
Chapter 6: Recoding process
Game data analyse of Bartlett In this step, the shape of each functional space is extracted and the area is calculated
Functional Fragments Step1 by analysing the results of the user in the game. From there, the user’s preferences
for the shape of the individual functions are counted.
Studio Modules Meeting room Modules Common Modules Kitchen Modules Toilet Modules
62 63
Chapter
Chapter 6: Recoding
6: Recoding process
process Chapter 6: Recoding process
Game
Game data Analyse
1 Data analyse of Bartlett Game 1 Data Analyse
Step2
64 65
Game data analyse of Bartlett
The space components from game (Bartlett)
The large functional pieces generated in Game one are used as components
for the second game, and continue to be arranged by the players in the bound-
aries of the muti-layer, unlike in Game one, where the whole space is arranged
in multiple layers and the height can be selected. Players play three rounds
of the game, with the number of components that can be selected being de-
fined by the number of players in the team, for example, rc one has seventeen
players controlling ten studio pieces and rc ten has seven players controlling
five studio pieces. Each round the players are ranked in turn, changing directly
from the previous user, but with a restriction on the number of components the
latter can change for the former user each round. Each time a round is com-
pleted, God fine-tunes the game based on the heatmap’s evaluation criteria
to achieve a more reasonable amount of space. At the same time, we record-
ed the process and stability points of each user modification in an attempt to
discover and summarise the pattern of changes in popular points. The game
allows the building to be designed and negotiated spontaneously by the users
and optimised by the designer. The final overall spatial form is generated.
66 67
Chapter 3: Urban reconstruction Chapter 3: Urban reconstruction
Site analysis in Ukraine Site analysis in Ukraine
Background Site location: Bucha
68 69
Chapter 3: Urban reconstruction Damage District of Bucha
Site analysis in Ukraine This map was drew according to the Rapid Damage found that 82 cells out of 305 cells in the City of Chernihiv
Building Assessment (RDBA) of the Bucha City, Ukraine, sustained visible damage. This represents approximately
First-degree destruction areas
Before war & after war which was from satellite imagery. The RDBA divides the 27% of the cells over the city.
city into 500m x 500m cells, each of which is analyzed to
Second-degree destruction areas determine whether or not there are damaged buildings This analysis is based on structures visibly damaged as
inside the cell. of 31 March 2022 as seen in marginally degraded satel-
lite imagery affected by light clouds and other limiting
Based on imagery collected on 31 March 2022, analysts factors.
Bucha is a city in Ukraine’s Kyiv Oblast. It borders the cities were mutilated, as well as broken streets and destroyed build-
of Irpin and Hostomel and the villages of Vorzel, Mykhailiv- ings.
ka-Rubezhivka, and Blystavytsia.
The city has returned to normal life. Over the past few weeks,
Spring has arrived six weeks since Russian soldiers withdrew residents have been returning to Bucha, a city that has begun
from this bedroom community on the outskirts of Kiev, leaving to repair the physical damage caused by the invading Russian
behind mass graves of slaughtered citizens, many of whom army and its weapons.
70 71
Chapter 4
Reversible architecture:
platform
72 73
Chapter 4: Reversible architecture: platform
Process Introduction
From the perspective of architects, the project
proposes architecture as an interactive system
of functional reversibility, community engage-
ment, and the recycling and reuse of construc-
tion materials to connect people and places.
Start: Building generation Therefore, when the main purpose of archi-
tecture is to serve the community rather than
capital accumulation, a bottom-up, citizen-led
urban regeneration platform is proposed. The
decentralised platform promote citizens, in-
Material Classfication Building Demolish stead of architects, to play a major role in city
scale redevelopment projects, forming region-
al redevelopment plans through a bottom-up
approach, in the form of games, with machine
Reversible Architecture Video games learning and algorithms for optimisation. Based
on the concept of reversible architecture, the
project challenges the capital-led extractive
economy by creating a visible and participatory
material supply chain. The negative impact of
an extractivist-dominated building system can
be reduced by pooling discarded materials
and resources from the neighbourhood to pro-
duce building components that can be disas-
sembled and reused repeatedly.
Level1 Level2 Level3 Level3
Damage Detection
Participatory Construction System
Storage Point Voxlization
Demolish method
Selective demolish
Material Catalog
Community Rebuilding Building Generation Reversible Space
Reversible Construction
Material Exchange
Online shop
74 75
Chapter 4: Reversible architecture: platform
Time line of project process
Start: Community decide to reconstruct
Game 1: Community Rebuilding
A blueprint for community will generate based on user

data in the game1. In this session, residents play a game
to visualise their needs for the community. The algorithm
will then extract the corresponding data to generate a In game2, the user can play the spatial arrangement
community layout to be applied in the next session. game, through which the algorithm generates a heat Step1.1: Building new community from first game. Step1.2: Choose the building to see the damage degree
map applicable to this community based on user’s and information details.
needs and gives optimisation to form the building
space.
Game 1: Community Rebuilding Game 2: Building Generation Building Construction

Step1.3: Decide whether the building should be demol- Step1.4: After demolishing the buildings, users can choose Step1.5: The algorithm will calculate a variety of results
Step2: Demolish Building ished or not. the function boxes to design new buildings for their new based on the user’s design preferences and the require-
community. ments entered (like size and proportion of greenery, hous-
Decide the buildings that need to
ing, etc.) Users can choose the favorite one to upload.
be demolished.
Step5: Space Voxlization
Game 2: Building Generation
Step1: Damage detection
Step3: Code Material
Step 2.2: Generate space typology from game 2. Step 2.2: Users browse and select their preferred space
modules for their own design in the exhibition.
Step4: Storage Material Step6: Material Application
Step7: Deconstruction
Step 2.3: Users reverse some spaces from other people's Step 2.4: After the game closes, the machine counts the Step 2.5: Based on the heat map, the algorithm will
models and design the space they like. most popular spatial models and generates a number of calculate the corresponding spatial model.
heat maps.
76 77
Chapter 5
Material library
78 79
Chapter 5: Material library
Data collection in training Bucha
To storage point
Depending on the location and size of the bucha damage and

the type of buildings in the area, we simulated the demolition
and transport of building materials. This included a count of
the number of existing inhabitants in each area, a logistic of
potential temporary storage sites, and an estimate of the quan-
tities of each material type. The transport routes for the demo-
lition of materials were also simulated based on the location of
the buildings to be demolished and the location of the storage
sites.
80 81
Material catalog of Bucha

Concrete Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1
Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall
Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: Primary school wall From: Church wall Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm
Size:80X80X2.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X10X2.1cm Size:45X30X2.1cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2%
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION From: Hospital wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall
From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm
Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:1
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION From: School wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall
Steel
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership:Clearaway Recla-
From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall From: Church wall mation Yard
Postcode:TN12 6SD
Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:80X75X4.2cm Size:76X38X65cm
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Moderate (E2)
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
INFORMATION
Total Amount:1
Timber
Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall Total Amount:90 Total Amount:430 Total Amount:25 Total Amount:1 Total Amount:240
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage
Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG Postcode:SE15 2BG
Life Span:30 years Life Span:30 years Life Span:30 years Life Span:30 years Life Span:30 years DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Size:25X3.4X4.7cm Size:19.0x3.0x2.2cm Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm
Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Damage degree:2% Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years Life Span:100 years
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg) Weight:50 pounds(22.67 kg)
Timber Board Timber Board Timber Board Timber Board Timber Board
INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership: Bucha Ownership:Peckham Reclama- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla- Ownership:Peckham Recla-
From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall From: School wall tion&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage mation&Salvage
Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:15X15X3.2cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm Size:49X4.9X5.3cm Size:29x6.8x5.5cm
Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1) Erosion degree:Slight (E1)
Lump of Timber Timber Board
82 83
Material exchange library
To visualise the recycled material and to make the

transport logistics chain more transparent in our
Concrete project, we are trying to form a material cloud net-
work for trading visualisation and better reuse ma-
terial. We have designed an online store where you
can preview and buy materials online which can
collect and classify materials according to damage
degree, life span and market value these three fac-
tors, users can zoom in to every specific materials
here to see the information and decide to buy it.
And the Material prices are subject to real-time
inflation based on purchase volume in our online
store.
Stair In this material library individual users and material

dealers, recyclers, etc. can upload their own materi-
als and the platform will evaluate them accordingly,
the results of which will be displayed in the material
catalogue by the location of the material.
In the present material store we have placed some

building parts removed from bacha’s dilapidated
buildings.
Door
Timber
Brick
84 85
Chapter 5: Material library Operation process for users
Material exchange store
Online store Introduction
Building ready for demolition Dismantle the building Materials enter into platform
Establish the ID cards of materials Click 360 degree Change
the viewing angle
Hold Roll
Assessing the Move the store Zoom in/Out

reusability of
materials
Selective demolition
Place the mouse lightly over an object and it will The user is then immediately presented with specific information (include the Basic Info,
rotate. Click on the object to zoom in immediately. data, location, value, etc.) about the material. The different materials can then be freely
viewed in the store.
Click “+” to add an item to your shopping

Getting materials from basket.
dismantled buildings
Collect materials for new constrution
Here you can see how the value of the selected item has changed over a period Last step is placing the order in store.
of time.
Purcasing materials from others in platform
86 87
Chapter 6
Material connection
88 89
Chapter 6: Material connection Concrete Stone Clay Timber Conponent
Material connection diagram
Rubble Chunk Block Rock Slab Slate Brick Tile Stick Log Board Window Door Stair Column
Rubble
Chunk
Concrete
Block
Rock
Stone Slab
Slate
Brick
Tile
Clay
Stick
Frictional Force
Log
Bolt
Timber Board
Screw
Cement Window
Glue
Door
Welding
Conponent
Need to process Stair
Column
90 91
Chapter 6: Material connection
Connection joint designs
Structure joint: Timber
Prefab structural joint locks that can be spliced and removable with a certain adjusting The joints that could fit the different kinds and directions of
ability, every single parts could be install and take down easily. structure by adding and combining these single parts.
The assembling of joint The single parts of joint
E.g: X-joint
a. b.
b.
a.
c. d. e.
2a.+2b.
The type of joints
XX-Joint XX-Joint
X-Joint
2 2 2 2 2
2a.+2b. 2a.+4b.+c. 4a.+11b.+2c.
XZ-Joint XYZ-Joint XXYZ-Joint
2 2 2 2
4a.+2b.+d. 6a.+2b.+e.+d. 8a.+2b.+c.+e.+d.
92 93
Connection joint designs
Structure joint: Concrete
e.
01 04 07
>>Interlock
d.
c.
b.
a.
02 05
The concrete joint is used in conjunction with our

building’s interlock system, where a machine is used
to measure out the part of the concrete that needs to
be cut, then a recess is created, drilled using a hand-
held hole punch and the joint is placed. Finally, the
two joints are joined. The diagram shows the break-
03 06 down of the joints.
94 95
Physical models
Structure joint: Timber Structure joint: Concrete
a. a.
b. b. b.
96 97
Chapter 7
Community rubuilding
98 99
Chapter 7: Community rebuiding
Game 1 workflow
100 101
Assessment of damage degree
Building layout sample

Community demotion extent decision
Every damaged buildings around sites will be analysed the

level of deterioration and grade them to determine if they
need to be demolished. They will be investigated from struc-
tural integrity and facade, components damage condition to
assess the grade. Each grade have different methods for re-
construction.
102 103
Game 1 User operations
Put the building functions

Click Press and Drag which you like.
Move the map Zoom in/out
Into community site Check building information Design community

and damage degree functions and input
layout requirements
You can choose your community
site here. You can determine whether
Log in to demolish the damaged
buildings in site.
Waiting for the floor

plan to be generated
Choose the favorate

floor plan and submit
Community red line generation Demolish buildings Design upload successfully

and wait for the final layout.
104 105
Algorithms optimization
Plan generation Blocks generation
1 2 3
4 5 6
Openness
Greenery Rate
Walkability
Medical Conditions
Disaster Response
7 8 9
106 107
Algorithms optimization
1 2 3 1 2 3
Openness
Openness Openness
Openness
Greenery
Greenery Rate
Rate Greenery
Greenery Rate
Rate
Walkability
Walkability Walkability
Walkability
Medical
Medical Conditions
Conditions Medical
Medical Conditions
Conditions
Disaster
Disaster Response
Response Disaster
Disaster Response
Response
4 5 6 4 5 6
7 8 9 7 8 9
108 109
Chapter 8
Building generation
110 111
Game 2 workflow
112 113
Reversible space design
Reversible plan library
Public Architecture
Cultural Architecture Educational Architecture

Commercial & Offices Sports Architecture
Hospitality Architecture Religious Architecture
114 115
Chapter 8: Building generation Heatmap of floorplans
Agent simulation
Agent simulation.
Heatmaps of floor plans generated by agent simulation.
Heatmap of floorplanes of housing and public buildings in Ukraine.

In terms of users’ behaviour patterns, we aim to detect the daily routines in the building, in order to understand
people’s lives. Their behaviour is investigated in a floorplan library of different catalogs, through agent simula-
tion. Therefore, a dataset of behaviour patterns have been set.
116 117
8.7m
Chapter 8: Building generation Space optimization sample 8.4m
Agent simulation
Space optimization attempt 10.8m
Heatmap plane Original plane Optimized plane Reversible space
6.0m
7.2m 7.2m 7.2m

1.Original plane 2.Heatmap plane generate 6.0m 6.0m 6.0m
6.0m 7.2m
8.4m
8.8m 8.8m 8.8m
9.1m 9.1m 9.1m
8.8m 9.1m
5.8m 5.8m 5.8m

5.8m
8.7m
10.8m
5.8m 5.8m 5.8m

5.8m
5.8m6.0m 7.6m 7.2m7.6m

5.8m 7.6m
5.8m 7.6m
5.8m
12.8m 6.0m 12.8m 12.8m
12.8m
5.8m 5.8m 6.0m 5.8m 7.2m

8.7m 5.3m 5.3m 5.3m
8.4m 5.8m
5.3m
12.8m 12.8m 12.8m 8.8m 9.1m
12.8m
6.0m 6.0m 7.2m 7.2m
5.8m
6.0m
8.8m 9.1m
9.1m 10.3m
9.1m 9.1m 10.3m 10.3m
9.1m 10.3m
5.8m 5.8m
3.Heattest space cutting 4.Optimized space 8.8m 8.8m 9.1m

10.8m
9.1m
5.8m 7.6m
5.8m 5.8m
5.8m 12.8m
10.8m
5.8m 7.6m
5.3m 5.8m
13.0m 5.8m 13.3m
5.8m 13.0m 13.0m 13.3m 13.3m
8.7m 12.8m 13.0m 13.3m 12.8m
5.8m 7.6m
5.8m 7.6m 5.8m
5.3m
12.8m 12.8m
12.8m 9.1m 10.3m
8.4m
6.0m 8.4m
5.8m 5.8m
5.3m 5.3m
12.8m 12.8m
9.1m 10.3m
9.1m 9.1m 10.3m 10.3m

13.0m 13.3m
10.8m
13.0m 13.3m
We first collected the planes of housing, public buildings, etc. in Ukraine, then
13.0m 13.0m 13.3m 13.3m
derived the heatmap by agent simulation, 8.4m extracted the hottest spaces from
them, cut them out of the original planes, then optimised them and carried out
spatial replacement experiments to verify their reversibility.
118 119
Game 2 logic diagram
The platform will categorise players’ models
according to the type of space and degree
Designers design some basic Designers extracting the space of reversibility, making it easy to navigate The algorithm sums up the space that
space modules. models from the plan library. through the exhibition. can be reversible and space typology.
Reverse space
Put these models into game
Player using these basic Player using these single Share their space with
Public/private space modules to design new + space models to design Upload their spaces into New users can make changes to the New player can upload their design in
platform. other users in online existing spatial model in exhibition. exhibition again.
design space. new space. exhibition.
Game timeline flow

Platform designer First generation players Second generation players Third generation players Fifth generation players Basic space Modules samples
Second generation
7 4
Designed a student
dormitory module Third generation

Reverse bed-ward space
Basic space modules
Designed module of yard to library
5 3 Public space models
Fifth generation Reverse the classroom spaces to
First generation Reverse the bedroom make school become temporary
Designed a primary ules
to living room
school for community
community hospital
rd mod
-wa
Private space models Designed a single Bed
1 Floor Wall Door Floor-to-ceiling windows
bedroom module 4
1m x 1m 1m x 1m 1m x 2.3m 1m x 2.3m
5 Basic space modules
Third generation 2 Modify the classroom spaces Basic space furniture samples
to make school becom office
les Fifth generation
em odu
First generation Offic First generation
Basic space modules Public space models 6 Design some modules for 1
3 high school
Classroom modules
Reverse gym space of
Designed a house
school to big office
Designed share public 2
2 space of community
2
Put the canteen to a Sofa Cooking table Toilet
1 Modify some high school design Desk
space functions 1m x 0.5m 1m x 1m 1m x 1.5m 1m x 0.5m
Reverse the living Designed a single
3 private room Third generation
room to bedroom 3
Fifth generation Designed a single
3
Third generation kitchen module
Develop the kitchen to
a canteen
1 Designed a house Fifth generation Second generation
Bedroom models Second generation 2
4
Reverse a house to
studio office Meeting Desk Tv Table
Modify the house‘s Private space models
2m x 1.5m 1m x 1.5m 1.5m x 1.5m
bedroom
120 121
Game 2 operation for users
Third generation players
Upload your models into
the exhibition, and wait for
the final result generation.
Choose the room type of private
space you want to create.
Click Press and Drag
Rotate models Zoom in/out
Choose the modules which you

want to use in your models.
To create your own room model.
Into game2
Choose a space type
Into public exhibition Reverse some parts in models

122 123
Chapter 8: Building generation Public space
Data collection
After the cut-off of the user’s playtime, we extract
private house the floor plan from their spatial models and analyse Studio space
20% them to get the corresponding database. 20% 65% 70%
60%
10%
50%
30%
30% 40%
50%
45% 65%
10% 55%
50%
School space 20%

60% 30%
20%
60%
45%
65%
65%
70% 45%
60%
65%
20%
65%
35%
private flat
60% 20% 10% 15%
After overlaying the floorplans

65% that users uploaded, a heatmap
70% 60% is generated of user preference,
and upload the data to algo-
rithm. The algorithm calculates
10% 65% 60% 60% and analyses the thermal values
of each plan and spatial mod-
el to obtain the optimal spatial
solution.
124 125
Space generation Module combination
Office studio space
Living space
Reversible court yard Reversible space
(studio/apartment)
Reversible sharing space Office studio space

(studio/apartment)
Based on the heatmap obtained by the algorithmwe will generate the average size
of each functional space and calculate their optimal location and shapeWe have
selected the residential and office spaces as the main functions of the buildingse-
lected several spatial morphological data and modelled the resulting volumes into
small blocks for subsequent voxel generation,which are then arranged according to
the original spatial function and placement of each block to form a whole functional
building block.
126 127
Chapter 9
Building construction
128 129
Construction workflow
130 131
Spatial form decomposition
The complete space form generated in Game 2
In the game, the user collaborates on the design of the building

form and constructs the actual building, first by voxelizing the
building form and dividing the entire building into voxels that
can be recognized by the computer.
132 133
Spatial form decomposition
134 135
Chapter 9: Building construction
Voxel typology
136 137
Material combination system
Material components
• Big chunk wall-concrete
6x8 5x8 13x9 2x10x7 8x6 11x8 12x13 2x9x7 7x3 7x6
Interlock Wall concrete
7x5 12x11 8x6 9x7 9x6 6x5 13x6 6x5 5x7 6x8
6x4 4x5 3x6 7x7 4x4 4x4 4x10 6x6 5x6 10x11
• Interlock concrete
Wall concrete
3x4 3x5 5x5 3x3 3x6 4x5 3x4 2x3 2x5 5x5 3x3 4x5
We chose to use voxels coded through
the rules in order to standardise the ir-
regular concrete blocks and to unify
their area units. A 50cmx50cmx50cm
square was used as the basic unit. Gen-
erally broken concrete of less than 18
squares is used as an interlock forma-
tion and large concrete blocks are used
as concrete walls.
2x3 3x6 2x3 2x2 2x2 2x3 3x4 3x4 2x3 2x2 2x3 2x5
138 139
Chapter 6: Material connection Material coding samples
Material combination system
Workflow
Step1: Inputting material components into gh

Step2: voxelization of wall
from material exchange store.
3x108
Step3: Coding
Components
(Contains walls in combination of
frame and concrete.)
Material using depand on
Final step: Material filling to wall the size classification:
Large chunk for walls
Vertical for the interlock
Yes
Kangaroo
Step5: Calculation of
structural stability No
Step4: Voxel filling

Go back Boolean operations: Union
Fittness factor:
1. Intersection: [3,6] Min
2. Component: [2,8] Min
3.Filling volume: [1x108,3x108] Max
Galapagos
Step4: Single objective optimisation
140 141
Voxel combination
142 143
Voxel combination
The concept of voxels connects frames and building components the building component blocks are divided into different small
at scale. Thus, non-standard and standard components have an cubes to analyse and label the structural dimensions. The size of
interconnected strategy. The voxel is used as a basic measure- each voxel is 3.2 x 3.2 x 3.2 m. The material construction blocks in
ment standard to calculate and analyse the dimensions of build- the voxel cell generation are also random as the corresponding
ing design strategies, the cube voxel functions as a cube structural material composition in the material library is diverse.
material structural unit material catalogue material recycling/re-
use voxel units structures and components. With each voxel unit,
144 145
Unit combination
Single unit
Composite unit
146 147
Construction connection
Four different joints are used to connect the different
material combinations, and the internal space and struc-
ture reveal the envelope of voxels from the raw materials
used from the catalogue to the build version.
148 149
Structure calculation
Structural Materials Calculation
The left side shows the material usage and the right side shows the result of the build.
The LOSS Value is calculated as the weighted sum of material waste and space unoccupied.
the LOSS decreases during the optimisation process, indicating that material usage rises
and space occupancy rises. ( Based on agent’s simulated annealing)
150 151
Building render
152 153
Building render
154 155
Anatomical Perspective
156 157
Interior render
Facade spaces
158 159
Interior space
160 161
Chapter 10
Physical models
162 163
Chapter 11: Physical model
Physical model
Our physical models have four parts:
concrete experimentation, 3D printing Simulation of demolition states
interlock modules, 3D overall architec-
tural printer and lego game modules. Medium: Cement, sand, water, plaster,
Aggregates
164 165
Physical model
Voxel models Interlock wall
Medium: PLA material (3D printing) Medium: Clay, sand, cement
166 167
Physical model
Part of building building voxels
Medium: PLA material (3D printing)

168 169
Chapter 11
Design iterations
170 171
Chapter 11: Design iterations Chapter 11: Design iterations
Term1: Project objective Term1: Bottom up design research
172 173
Term1: Project proposal Term2: Project proposal
- When we come to London to rent a house, there are many factors that affect how big
the room is, does it have a balcony, does it have a garden?
- When we buy materials, we compare the prices. How do we get the materials we want
within a certain budget? And where can we get it?
- Can we see the whole building construction process?

174 175
Term3: Project proposal Term1: Construction of building material
176 177
Chapter 11: Design iterations
Term1: Material re-assemble methods testing
178 179
180
181
182 183
Massive Prefabricate
Instruction manual of materials Concrete pillar/Big stone
CONSTRUCTION 01
Large Prefabricate or Carved on sites
Chunk/Slab/Rock carve on site
START
Small Carved on sites
CONSTRUCTION 02
Piece/Debris/Rubble
No How big are your Prefabricate

Mixed rocks?
Massive
What materials Are your rocks Concrete pillar/Big stone

Concrete/Stone
do you have? similar size?
Does them carve/pro- Yes Yes
Large Like puzzles？
cess well/ have good CONSTRUCTION 03
Chunk/Slab/Rock shape？
Yes
No No
Similar
Small Will they be mixed No
Piece/Debris/Rubble with other materials？ Use Small size
as fillers
Yes Do you want to Yes
Is it complete/ use them as nor- USED IN WALLS/ROOFS
Brick/Clay/Tile
Good quality? mal way? Use other
materials as Yes
fillers
No
No
Used as fillers with Brick/Clay/Tile What material can be Fill in the gaps
other materials CONSTRUCTION 04
as fillers/inserts？ Brick/Clay/Tile/Stick/Wasted wood
Can they be used No

Used as inserts Steel/Components
Steel/Components
as a part in con- with other mate-
struction? rials
Other materials around them
Yes CONSTRUCTION 05
Steel/Components
REUSED
Process to fillers
Need to prefab- Process to structure
ricate or carve on
Whether it can be No Used as fillers with Stick/Wasted wood
site
Timber used as structure? other materials
Yes
Yes
Whether the
Yes Are your timbers No No
REUSED damage is seri- STRUCTURE JOINT01
similar size?
ous/have nails
184 185
Required Materials:
Flame: Timber, Steel, Reversible Joint.
Subject: Massive/Large Concrete/ Stone.
Filler: Small concrete/stone ,Brink/Clay/Tile, Stick.
Measure:
1. build the frame from wood or steel (combined with joints).
2. Transporting materials from the platform to the site.
3. Build the foundation with massive/large stones.
4. fill the obvious gaps in the first layer with fillers.

5. Place a second layer and add filler to the remaining seam between the Required Materials:
first and second layers.
Flame: Timber, Steel, Reversible Joint.
6. Use the hammer to embed the filler.
Subject: Steel/Components.
7. Process the materials of inappropriate dimensions on site.
Filler: Timber, Concrete/Stone.
8. Follow this step by step stacking of materials.
Measure:
1. Building the base frame with fillers.
2. Place components in wall.
3. Processing some out-of-spec materials.
4. Fill in other materials around the component.
186 187
Term3: Design
188 189
Term3: Material market value
190 191
Term2: Demolition Policy Construction policy
Dismantle the building Materials enter into platform Collect materials for new constrution
Government-led Government-led
Establish the ID cards of materials
Assessing the
reusability of
materials
Selective demolition Using materials they already have construction

Purcasing materials from individuals in Collecting materials through fundraising
Public buildings platform
1.Exchange of material stocks for

house price reduction.Buying more
material stocks will cut the amount of
monthly rent they pay.(Max 25%)
2.Monthly rent can be used as part of
the full payment for their house.
Getting materials from

dismantled buildings
Residents choose materials to purcase in Residents get material stcock right by pro- Residents get housing benefits under Negotiated construction
platform viding materials to construct shared ownership
Affordable housings
Demolition Policy Dismantle the building Constrution for public buildings Negotiated construction for housings
Private-offer Enter materials into platform Government-led Government-led
1.Exchange of material stocks for house

price reduction.Buying more material
stocks will cut the amount of monthly rent
they pay.(Max 25%)
2.Monthly rent can be used as part of the
full payment for their house.
Get the amount of material corresponding Collecting materials in platform Using materials they already have Residents get material stock right by Residents get housing benefits under
Private home and buildings
to the property right providing materials to construct shared ownership
Establish the ID cards of materials
192 193
Term1: UI platform
The initial interface The main interface The map The Exchange The Construction Plans The initial interface The main interface The map The Exchange The Construction Plans
Price Price
log in Map Zoom in Selection page Diagrammatic Optimal solution log in Map Zoom in Selection page Diagrammatic Optimal solution
Condition Condition
Start Exchange Site information Material selection Material lists Start Exchange Site information Material selection Material lists
3D models Location 3D models Location
Construction + Input requirements Methods Construction + Input requirements Methods
Material distribution Material distribution
Material information Property Material information Property
Additon Landfills Additon Landfills
Construction Construction
Value market ...... ......
The main interface The map

194 195
Term1: UI platform
The initial interface The main interface The map The Exchange The Construction Plans The initial interface The main interface The map The Exchange The Construction Plans
Price Price
log in Map Zoom in Selection page Diagrammatic Optimal solution log in Map Zoom in Selection page Diagrammatic Optimal solution
Condition Condition
Start Exchange Site information Material selection Material lists Start Exchange Site information Material selection Material lists
3D models Location 3D models Location
Construction + Input requirements Methods Construction + Input requirements Methods
Material distribution Material distribution
Material information Property Material information Property
Additon Landfills Additon Landfills
Construction Construction
...... ......
The exchange Material information

196 197
Term2: UI platform
198 199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
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208 209

RC1 Team3 Reversible Architecture

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RC1 Team3 Reversible Architecture

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REVERSIBLE

Research Cluster 1, 2019-2020

UCL, The Bartlett School of Architecture

Mingmin Shen, Sitan Sun, Xinjie Wu

Img.2 Rendering of the final result

Reversible design and A more democratic de-

Img.4 The diagram of project’s aim and contribution

Industrialization Climate Change

Material Transparency Resources Shortage War Conflict Man-made Extreme

Material Reuse Urban

3D Scanning Machine Learning

Case Study Video Game

Agent Simulation Magnetizing

Reversible Material Demolish Community Building

Storage Point Material

Space Voxelization Galapagos

Participate in the building process

+ A comprehensive view of the building Deep involvement in the design

Designing the game flow

Img.9 Context of material logistic chain

Img.11 Material logistic study

Aggregate Cement Slurry Reinforcement material

Precast Beams Precast Floor Slabs Precast Walls Precast Columns

1. Make Construction map in London 2. Building demolition

3. Research on the flow of

4. London Landfill Map Investigating the destination of

Investigating the location and has been demolished by interview

After the building has been demolished,

5. Research on material storage

Most of the materials from the landfill are

80-81 Farringdon St, London

80 Farringdon Street is a Grade II list building in

81 Farringdon Street and 77 Farringdong Street

There three buildings are all being demolished:

Demolished site Landfill

Clearaway Reclamation Surry Waste Removal Veolia, Rainham Landfill

1. Prepare the site: 2. Strip away nonstructural components:

Label each Material Storage Requirement Storage Point

During the three-year period when dem-

Timber in roof frames

Temporary supports stabilize stabilize the

Concrete in roof frames

We conducted a controlled concrete blast test

Stair Concrete chunk Concrete chunk

Material flagments Recover flagments

Brick Timber Concrete

Log Board Batten Block Chunk Rubble

Stone Steel Components

Function Classification Classification according to building construction components. mation&Salvage

B09 B10 B06 B07 B08 CR06 INFORMATION

BT01 BT02 BT03 BT04 BT05 CB01 INFORMATION

CC01 CC02 CC03 CT03 CT01

Load-bearing wall Horizontal Concrete Stone Timber Steel Brick

Roofing Concrete 0.2-0.4m³ 0.2-1m³ 4x4x5-20in 610x305x149mm 1/4 [240x115x53]mm

Material Labeling Timber

Sizs: Large 10-20m³ 15-25m³ 6x10x10-20in 1016x305x487mm 240x115x53mm

Img.22 Urban reconstruction background

Mono-functional samples Room modules

Single office room Office meeting room Open office studio

House room Class room Office room

Multidimensional Transformation samples

Small House room Medium office room Big office studio

Img.23 Diagram of reversible building