Section 8 Concrete for Minor and Non-Structural Work

SECTION 8

CONCRETE FOR MINOR AND

NON-STRUCTURAL WORK

Formwork 8.01 Construct and remove formwork and falsework as Clauses 6.01 to 6.13.

Reinforcement 8.02 Reinforcement shall be as Clauses 6.14 to 6.16 and Clauses 6.18 to 6.25.

Provide, if so instructed by the SO, test specimens of reinforcement as Clause

6.17.

Cement 8.03 Portland Cement shall be to BS EN 197-1 (Type CEM I). Strength Class of
cement used in structural concrete shall be 52.5 N, unless otherwise approved
by the SO.

Aggregate 8.04 Provide coarse aggregate of 20 mm nominal maximum size with grading
within limits as defined in CS3 and fine aggregate with grading lying within
the limits of Grading C or M. Natural sand shall not be used in production of
concrete unless otherwise agreed by the SO.

Aggregates, if so instructed by the SO, shall be subjected to sieve analyses to

CS3.

Water 8.05 Water shall be as Clause 6.35.

Admixtures 8.06 Admixtures shall comply with BS EN 934-2+A1. Use strictly in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Delivery and 8.07 Store bagged cement in a dry weather-proof store with a raised floor.
storage
Store aggregates of different sizes in separate stock piles and keep free from
contact with deleterious matter.

Remove from Site immediately any materials failing to meet the requirements
of the GS.

Testing of 8.08 Testing of materials shall be as Clause 6.39.

materials

Mixes 8.09 The grade of prescribed mix concrete shall be denoted by the minimum
28 - days cube strength in MPa and the nominal maximum size of aggregate in
mm with suffix "P".

The mix proportions used shall be as Table 8.1 and 8.2 for batching by weight
and batching by volume respectively.

The maximum free water/cement ratio shall be 0.7.

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Section 8 Concrete for Minor and Non-Structural Work

TABLE 8.1

Batching by weight

Batch weights (kg)

Grade Material for approx one for one-bag

cubic metre yield cement mix

Cement 255 45
10 P Fine aggregate 835 145
20 mm coarse 1065 185
aggregate

Cement 345 45
20 P Fine aggregate 725 95
20 mm coarse 1105 145
aggregate

TABLE 8.2

Batching by volume

Batch volume (litres)

Grade Material for approx one for one-bag

cubic metre yield cement mix

Cement 6 bags 1 bag

10 P Fine aggregate 575 100
20 mm coarse 725 125
aggregate

Cement 8 bags 1 bag

20 P Fine aggregate 540 70
20 mm coarse 770 100
aggregate

Each bag of cement shall be 45 kg.

Batch mixing 8.10 Mix concrete by machine where practicable. Hand mixing, on prepared
platforms to prevent picking up rubbish and defacement of surfaces, may be
permitted by the SO for small quantities. The SO may require tests to
demonstrate that the methods of hand mixing will achieve adequate and
consistent mixing of the constituents.

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Section 8 Concrete for Minor and Non-Structural Work

Do not remix partially hardened concrete.

Ready-mixed 8.11 Ready-mixed concrete may be used. The batched quantities shall comply with
concrete Table 8.1.

Transport and 8.12 Transport and place concrete using a method which ensures that there is no
placing contamination, segregation or loss of the constituent materials.

Clean all areas where concrete shall be placed and render free from standing
water.

Do not place concrete in any part of the structure until approval has been
given.

Compact concrete in its final position within 2½ hours of the introduction of

cement to the mix, and within 30 minutes of discharge from the mixer.
Concrete, which in the opinion of the SO, is no longer sufficiently workable
shall be rejected.

Deposit concrete in horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding 450

mm where internal vibrators are used or 150 mm in all other cases.

Do not allow concrete to free fall in excess of 2.7 m, unless otherwise agreed
by the SO.

8.13 Compact concrete to produce a dense homogeneous mass. Do not apply

vibration by way of the reinforcement.

Construction 8.14 The position and details of any construction joints not specified in the Contract
Joints shall be subject to approval. Allow such joints to minimise the possibility of
the occurrence of shrinkage cracks.

Remove laitance and all loose material from the construction joints and expose
the aggregate as soon as is practicable after casting to provide adequate bond
to subsequent concrete.

Ensure the surface of the construction joint is dry and free from debris when
fresh concrete is placed against it.

Protection of 8.15 Immediately after compaction, protect finished concrete against harmful
immediately effects of weather, running water and drying out. Apply the protection by
finished concrete either:

(i) Application of a liquid curing membrane.

(ii) Covering with plastic sheets/wet sacks.

(iii) Flooding with water.

Protection shall be maintained for a minimum period of 4 days.

Acceptance 8.16 Regular strength and slump testing shall not be used to judge compliance,
although the SO may require these and other tests as specified in Clauses 6.57
and 6.59 to be undertaken from time to time.

Where tests are required, compressive strength testing shall be in accordance

with CS1 and the acceptance criteria shall be as for standard mixes in Clause
6.55 (i). Slump testing shall be as Clause 6.56 and the average of the two
measured slump values shall be within the range 75 - 135 mm.

Appropriately mark and deliver all concrete cubes to the Public Works
Laboratories (PWL) as directed by the SO.

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Failure 8.17 If any concrete fails to comply with Clause 8.16, the SO may instruct the
Contractor to take any of the following steps or a combination thereof as are
considered appropriate:

(i) Improve the standard of quality control.

(ii) Carry out other tests as directed by the SO.

(iii) Replace any concrete condemned as a result of failing to comply with

the standards of acceptance specified and meet all costs arising from
such replacement.

In-situ concrete 8.18 Provide in-situ concrete slabs as Clause 6.66.

slabs to roads,
car parks and
paved areas

Underlays 8.19 Provide underlays as Clause 6.69.

Concrete 8.20 Provide concrete blinding as Clause 6.70.

blinding

Finishes for 8.21 Provide exposed formed or worked finishes as Clauses 6.71 to 6.75.
concrete

Prescribed mix 8.22 When specified, concrete with 100% recycled coarse aggregates shall be
concrete with applicable to prescribed mix concrete of 20 MPa grade strength and shall be
100% recycled used only in benches, stools, planter walls, concrete mass walls and other
coarse aggregates minor concrete structures, in compliance with Section 8 and subject to the
followings which shall take precedence in case of discrepancies:

(a) Recycled coarse aggregates shall be produced by crushing old concrete

and shall meet the requirements in Table 6.13.

(b) Fine aggregates shall be as defined in the GS.

(c) Fine aggregates recycled from old concrete shall not be used.

(d) The grading of the coarse aggregates shall comply with the limits as
defined in the GS for single-sized 20 mm and 10 mm aggregates.

(e) Concrete shall be mixed in the following proportions:

Portland Cement : 100 kg

Fine Aggregate : 180 kg
20 mm Coarse Aggregate : 180 kg
10 mm Coarse Aggregate : 90 kg

(f) Recycled coarse aggregates shall be thoroughly wetted before being

used.

(g) The concrete shall have a minimum slump of 75 mm when it is ready to

be compacted to its final position.

(h) 4 concrete cubes shall be made on each concreting day, 2 for crushing
tests at 7 days and the other 2 for crushing tests at 28 days. The minimum
concrete cube strength shall be 14 MPa and 20 MPa at 7 and 28 days
respectively.

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Section 8 Concrete for Minor and Non-Structural Work

(i) Before any concrete is produced for use in the works, trial mixes shall be
performed in accordance with the GS. The 28 day strength of each of the
3 cubes in the trial shall not be less than 26 MPa.

(j) Natural aggregates shall be used in lieu of the recycled aggregates in

case of supply shortage of recycled aggregates.

Regulations, 8.23 Comply with all relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and Practice Notes in
Ordinances, etc. connection with demolition works as Clause 2.01.
(same as 2.01)

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