TOEFL Structure Test 2

Time: 25 minutes
This section is designed to test your ability to recognize language structures that are
appropriate in standard written English. The questions in this section belong to two types, each
of which has special directions.
DIRECTIONS: Questions 1-15 are partial sentences. Below each sentence you will see four
words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Select the one word or phrase that best
completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in
the space that contains the letter for the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space completely.
EXAMPLE I Sample Answer
Drying flowers is the best way - - - - - - them. A B C D
(A) to preserve
(B) by preserving
(C) preserve
(D) preserved

the correct answer is (A).

EXAMPLE II Sample Answer

Many American universities - - - - - - as small, private colleges. A B C D
(A) begun
(B) beginning
(C) began
(D) for the beginning

Therefore, the correct answer is (C).

After you read the directions, begin work on the questions.

1. The upper branches of the tallest trees 2. No one - - - - - - projections of

produce more leaves - - - - - - other demographic shifts are reliable and will
branches. prove to be valid in the future.

(A) than do (A) know how

(B) than does (B) knows whether
(C) than they do (C) knows even
(D) than it does (D) know who
3. Senior executives often receive bonuses 8. Modern scanning technology enables
when their profit targets are reached or physicians to identify brain disorders
- - - - - -. earlier - - - - - - than in the past.

(A) surpass (A) and more accurate

(B) surpasses (B) and more accurately
(C) surpassed (C) accurate and more
(D) surpassing (D) accurately and more

4. Since the 1970s, riding bicycles - - - - - - 9. Educational toys and games give children
in the United States. an opportunity to enjoy themselves
- - - - - -.
(A) becomes increasingly widespread
(B) become increasingly widely spread (A) while their learning
(C) has become increasingly widespread (B) while learning
(D) has increased and becomes spread (C) are they learning
widely (D) and they are learning

5. Horseradish has extended stems and a 10. essays, written in - - - - - -

large root that is grated - - - - - - a spicy style, appeared between 1821 and 1822.
food sauce.
(A) vigorously and informally
(A) to making (B) vigorous and informally
(B) to make (C) vigor and informality
(C) to be made (D) vigorous and informal
(D) to the making
11. Wild hogs inhabited Europe and other
6. Vitamin A maintains the sharpness of parts of the world - - - - - - 6 million
human vision - - - - - - and promotes years ago.
healthy bones.
(A) as long
(A) at night (B) as long as
(B) of the night (C) then it was
(C) for the night (D) than it was
(D) nighttime
12. Electrically charged particles exert a
7. - - - - - - magnetic force on one another even
and rhymes, are a result of words used in - - - - - - not in physical contact.
ambiguous contexts.
(A) if there are
(A) Humorous and misunderstood (B) they are
(B) Misunderstand humorously (C) if they are
(C) Humorous misunderstandings (D) are they
(D) Misunderstanding is humor
13. 15. By the 1300s, the Spanish had learned
led to extravagant living and - - - - - - a that gunpowder could - - - - - - propel
large income. an object with incredible force.

(A) a need for (A) use to

(B) to need for (B) be used to
(C) needed for (C) been used to
(D) for he needed (D) using it to

14. Water fire extinguishers must never be

used for fires that involve - - - - - - .

(A) electrically equipped

(B) equipment, electrically
(C) electricity equipped
(D) electrical equipment
 DIRECTIONS: In questions 16-40, every sentence has four words or phrases that are
underlined. The four underlined portions of each sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D).
Identify the one word or phrase that makes the sentence incorrect. Then, on your answer sheet,
find the number of the question and fill in the space that contains the letter for the answer you
have chosen. Fill in the space completely.

EXAMPLE I Sample Answer

A B C D

Christopher Columbus has sailed from Europe in 1492 and discovered a new land he
A B C
thought to be India.
D

-
cov

EXAMPLE II Sample Answer

A B C D

As the roles of people in society change, so does the rules of conduct in certain situations.
A B C D

the rules of

After you read the directions, begin work on the questions.

16. During a recession, manufacturers may be forced to decrease the number of their workers
A B
to reduction their expenditures.
C D
17. Tides constitute a change in the level of water in the oceans and are caused by the
A B C
gravitational interaction between heavenly body.
D
18. Most people are surprising to see how rapidly bacteria can multiply under favorable
A B C D
conditions.
19. Without water, food, shelter, and clothing, person could not survive a prolonged exposure
A B C
to the elements.
D
20. Ancestor worship reflects reverence for the advice and guidance of its died
A B C D
members.

21. A little land animals live in the polar regions which are covered with snow year around.
A B C D
22. A dolphin, often called considered to be one of the bright among animals.
A B C D
23. In Arizona, regular annually events include horse shows, art fairs, and folk dances.
A B C D
24. Artificial intelligence is concerned with designing computer systems that perform such tasks
A B
as reason and learning new skills.
C D
25. Saccharin, made from toluene, is about 350 times as sweeter as sugar.
A B C D
26. Work affect intellectual development and personal characteristics, and personality and life
A B C
events affect work.
D
27. Because of attitudes shape behavior, psychologists want to find out how opinions are formed.
A B C D
28. Although Connecticut occupies a small area, its weather can vary from one area to others.
A B C D
29. The Great Depression serves as an example of drama fluctuations in the balanced wage rate.
A B C D
30. In some states, it has against the law to ride a motorcycle without a helmet.
A B C D
31. The government provides financial support for people who are unable to support themself.
A B C D
32. Robert Merton studied how does society influences the development of science.
A B C D
33. The available of credit influences the rate of economic growth and the increase in prices.
A B C D
34. Pasteurization is the process of heating milk to destroy disease-caused organisms and
A B C
bacteria.
D
35. Paul Claudel, who written books about his personal feelings, was a leading French author
A B C D
of the early 1900s.
36. Astronomers do not have sufficient information to determine what the solar system
A B C
was created.
D
37. The soil and climate in the tropics are not suit to produce large quantities of grain.
A B C D
38. Some species of bats are dormant each days and activate every night.
A B C D
39. Paper was so expensive during the Middle Ages that it has to be used sparingly.
A B C D
40. Additives are chemicals that are infused into substances to preventing them from spoiling.
A B C D