Julij 8V0* 1687.

«*.■■ "■* " •■ '* '"".. » 1 --

Libelfos cat Titalas,

$AP-MAKO-BAXANOS:
OR, THE
Touch-ftone of Medicines, &c,
W ) •
I

Imprimatur*
■ 1 •
*
/

Tbo. Witherlej Praefes Coll. ,

Med. Lond.
-j 1
Jo, Betts,
Edw. Browne,
Cenfores.
Gail. Briggs,
Gail. Dawkins,
t
J * . v
cJ>APMAK0-BA2AN02:
OR, THE

Touch-ftone of Medicines.
Difcovering the

VERTUES
rVEGETABLES, ■
Of\MlNERALS,Sc
(.ANIMALS, 1

BY THEIR

TASTES & SMELLS.

•
Jit XWo (Motumrs.
By Sir JOHN FLO TER, of the City
of Litchfield, Kc* M. D. of Queens-Col-
legre, Oxford.
Saporum Speculatio plurima jucunda, &
non
minus utilia in fe continet. Willis de A-
nima Brutorum.
4

LONDON,
Printed for Michael Johnfon, Bookfeller in Litch¬
field : And are to be Sold by Robert Clavel, at
in
the Peacock St. Tad’s Church-Yard. 1687.
<f>APMAK0-BA2AN02:
OR, THE
■ ' (*

Touch-ftone of Medicines.
. • » i

VOL. I.
Containing Three Parts.
■ 1 '.”"■■7—;— ,T ■ v~

$att ttie Jritft,

TASTES & ODORS

In general.

5&art tf)c 5>econO.

A Phytological Emy,
How to Difcover the Vertues of
PLANTS,, whether Spontaneous in
England, or found in Gardens and Shops,
by their TASTES and SMELLS.

tip ❖

OF THE \-

Taftes and Smells of the Produ&s

of VEGETABLES; Viz. Gums, Re-
Jins, Turpentines, &c.

The Second Volume will he Puhlijht next

M ich aelmas-7”*rm.
 V

• • * , V.

To the Right Honorable,

®eo?ge Lord Dartmouth
Mafier of the Horfe to His
Majejty,General of all His
, Majeji/s Ordnance and
Armories, Chief Governour
of His Majefty s Tower
of London, Lord Lien™
tenant of the Tower-Hamm
lets, and One ofHis Maje-
fly s m.ofl Honourable Privy**
Council. * >

My Lord,
Queftion not,
but This Ejfa;
will be more
■* »

kindly Recei
ved, for having Tour
A 4
r
 I Epifllt
prefixt to It; fince That
is fo much honour’d for
Tour great Services to the
Publick, and fignal Loy
alty to His prefent Maje-
fty: And allPerions muil
needs therefore greatly
Tour Merit, Cou-
rage-, and Experience in
Military Affairs; fince the
King hath manifefted His
* ^ _

1 £ ^~ y

the Great and Honoura¬

ble Trails conferr’d up¬
on Ton.
My Lord, I will give Ton
a fewlnilances of the De-
fign and Ufefulnefs of
inefe Papers} that I may
, obtain
 -4

obtain Tour Protection a-

" * i •

gainft thofe morofe Men,

who endeavour to oppofe
this New 'Undertaking, tho’
they cannot but acknow*
ledge, that they approve
of It.
The Defign of This Ef-
fay, is. To vindicate the
Art of Curing Difeafes,
from the common Scan¬
dal of being Conjectural,
by Defcribing the Taftes
and Odors ofMedicines,and.
*

alfo of Animal Humours:

/ ^

For by Thefe, Medicines

were firft difcover’d, and
the Humors of the body
examin’d j and from the
CV i-'K
 I - --;;v-- -- -■ f

The Epiftle Dedicatory.

--- ... ■ _ -.—' -.. ■■■■ . ... ' "" r-

which Medicines work,like

Charms, infenfibly.
Hence Quacks give to
their Medicines very ma¬
ny, and too unreafonable
Commendations: They
alfo pretend to an Expe¬
rience of a particular Me¬
dicine, as well as the beffc
Fbjfician. But ’tis only the
Tafie and Smell of the Me¬
dicine, by which its Ver-
tue muff be try cl betwixt
the Pbyfuhn, & the Quack:
By thefe the true Pbyfici-
an knoweth its Virtue, the
Manner of its Preparation,
the Suitablenefs of it to
the Humour to be Corre¬
cted,

/
 bled, sod to the Confh-
tution of the Yatient: Of
all which the Quack is ig¬
norant.
When the feveral Com-
_ options of Tapes,and fome-
times Odors, in the fame
Ylant, are well confider’d
M
by thofe who fhall read
the Defer! ptions I have
given of them, I quefti-
on not, but that the Ar-
ti Jumbles of many
Medicines u
& ther, , will
be Rejected; and every
Ingenuous Yracticer will
chiefly make ufe of Sim¬
ple Medicines; by which
his Yatient will be more
l'ud-
 Epifilt
fuddenly,fafely3and plea ta

fantly Cured
I have further p: s’d
fomeNotions about Taft.
in general, for the eafier
difcovering of the Nature
of fucii Plants■, as grow
common in England. I have
mention’d Thole I have
met with near Litchfield
And I have added Exo
ticks that by comparing
the Taps and Venues of
both, we might the bet¬
ter underftand Thofe of
Our own. It is a great
Shame to our Profefiion
I that the Ignorant Indians
'
ihould know more of
P lants
 The Epifile Dedicatory.
Plants in their Native Coun¬
try, and do greater Cures
by Them, than our Artills. \
can by Ours.
I thought it abfurd to
write a Latin Difcourfe a-
bout Englijb Plants j which
is delign’d for the Ufe of
Englijb Men, who are fur- f
ther to try and examine
the Taps and Vertues that I
have mention’d. Hippo- 1
crates & Galen wrote their f,
Pby(ical Books in the Lan¬
guage of the Country
where they Practiced: j
And the Learn’d Mr. Boyl
hath both Honour’d and
Improv’d our Language,
by
 wernrnmm ■ « , \t
r

The Epifele Dedicatory.

by his Phyfecal Difec oarfees in
1 Englijb. I have therefore
wrote in Englijh, that I
might the more encou-
1 rage our Country-Men to
' enquire into the Vertue of
< our Native Plants; we be-
1 ing hitherto oblig’d to
t our Old Englijb Herlals, for
i a Collection of the Vertaes
of many Plants from the
» Country-Men; to whofe
i Sagacity & Experiments
i the greateft Phypcians are
hitherto obliged. And
1 fince there have been fo
i many taiie ^omrneaati-
i ons given of Medicines,
W %

i and miftaken Notions of

 yjick, I thought itrea-
fonable to give, my Coun-
try-Men Ibnoe Advertife-
of thefe Abufes, and
to 2 them to a bet¬
ter Tudetnent ofthe right
tire
ne inttances I have
given, 1 hope I have con¬
vinc'd Tour Lordfhip of the
great Ufefulnefs of this
Effaj j and prefume, AH
who have a generous Love
, will
n the auk (if it be
of Writing: in Eng-
. v

I here Prefent Tour Lord-

Jbip with the firft Fruits
• of
 Epifth
of my Studies, as an hum
ble Acknowledgment of
Tour great Favors to Me 5
and that I might make
this Publick Declaration
of My being,
. ‘ /

My LORD,
H :* iv ' *

'ifs moft Faith*

ful Humble Servant,
i V—- %

John Floyer

✓ /

i
 T O TH E

T H E famous Effects of the Cortex

Peruvianus, in Curing of Agues,
gave Me the firft Occafion of in-
, quiring into the Taft.es of the
Barks of Trees in our own Country • that /
might find’ which were like it: And from
thence I proceeded to enquire into the Taftes
of Herbs, for thefie Three or Four Tears lafi
pafi.
• I had then no other Herbal hy Me, lut
Mr. Ray ft Catalogue ofEnglifh Plants: From
whence I took the Names of Plants, and the
Method of placing Them in an Alphabetical
Order by Themfelves: But lecaufe I could
not meet with all He mentions, / refoldd
to ftpply that Defett from our Country-Gar¬
dens, and Apothecaries Shops, where I ta-
Jled fome Plants that were Dry and Old.
The Vertues of Thofe in the Shops being
more experimented and known, / thought by
(cr 2,) Them
 To the Reader.
.7 hem the letter to underftand our Country-
Herbs : And when I had tafled, and fet down
the Taftes and Odors of thofe Plants, Iper¬
ceiv'd it was eafie for Me to five an Account
of their Vertues Collected by Diofcorides,
Scroder, Etmtiller, Mr. Ray, and Others. By, j
the Reading of Hippocrates, Diofcorides,
Galen, I found that the Antients had the
Janie Way offinding out the Vertues of Plants
hy their Tafle and Smell: Which is mojl
evident in Galen’s Books of the Nature of
Simple Medicines; where Ifound the Taltes
and Odors of many Plants Defcribed, as 1
have done; which gave Me a great Satif- %
faction, when I found my Tafle to agree with
Theirs of former Ages • which I had not read
till I had finifht my Defcriptions of Taftes
and Odors. i
This Summer / vifited the Famous Phy-
fick-Garden at Chelfey, in which Ifound a I
<>reat Number of curious Plants; hut have |
not given the Taltes of above Forty or Fifty, j
my Affairs not permitting Me to go above - j
twice. I was pleas d with many Curiofities f
There, which the Ingenuous and obliging Mr. I
Watts fhew’dMe; efpecially the Tree which
hears the Jefuits Bark. We obfervd Tur¬
pentine in it; and not the Laurel-Bitter
Tafle, evident in ordinary Bark. / have
hinee obfervd a Turpentin z-Smell in the
- % frefh

y
I To the Reader.
' T~* ■ ' ~' ' 1 -- —-——-——— ■ ii —

frejb Toung Leaves of Laurel and W alnut•

[ and alfo of Black Currains, and fome Others.
The Leaves of the Tree mention d, were then
very Toung; and the Tafte could not then he
Jo certainly defcriUd., as it may he in the
midjl ofSummer: But the Tafte of the Bark
would left difcover the Specifick Tafte and
1 Juyce of that Tree. I very much admire
® Mr. Watts’s Ingenuity, in ordering his Plants
’’ into a Method for Learners; and in his Ar¬
tificial Heats for the more early Ripening of
Fruit. His Tafte and Smell did very much
',j agree with Aline ; and did readily acknow-
I ledge my right Clading of many Plants. I was
alfo obliged to the Company of Dr. Baynard,
* and Dr. Betts, Junior * who tafled fome Plants
5 at Chelfey with Me, and concurrd alfo m
the Defcription of their Taltes and Smells,
f / have not wholly trifled to my own Tafte,
I in the Defcription of our Country Herbs, hut
i have confulted the .Taftes of all forts ofPer-
| fans; and for that am ohltgd to divers Di-
!« vines, Apothecaries, Chyrurgeons, Gentle-
iff women, and Young Perfons, who have been
| my Patients j whofe Judgments, as Galen
jj fay*, is ZJncorrupt and Zfnprejudic d. I mufi
( needs acknowledge, that the Palats of Wo-
I men are more Critical than Men’s, who ge-
i nerally dull it by Intemperance and To-
I bacco.
I (^3) I Ml
 I

To the Reader.
I jhall readily Retrad: any Error I have
committed * but advife the Reader, not too
confidently to conclude my Miflake on the fud-
den: For it did require a long Experience in
Tafles, before I could diflingwfh many Com-
pofitions, and how to exprefs Them ; and 1
took notice, that by tafling many Things to¬
gether. I could dijlinguijh nothing.
When I had Cclletled my Tafles and
Smells, Ifound it neceffary to Collett the known
Verrues out of Diofcorides, Mr. Ray, and
other Authors; that I might give an Ac¬
count of thofe Vermes by their Tafle and
Smell: All which are mention d in the Se¬
cond Part of this Eilay, which was firfl wrote ;■
and out of which I made the Notions about
Tafles and Smells in general. So that if a-
ny Affertion be obfcure, for want of Inflames,
in the Firfl Part, you may find Them in the
Second ,* and if the Reafon of the Vertue
doth not appear clearly in the Tafle given
in the Second Part, confult the Tafle in ge¬
neral in the Firfl.
I added the Tafles of Refins. Gums, and
Tur pentines in the Third Part; becaufe they
are the Oyly Sped lick Juyces ^Plants.
Becaufe Plants grow amcngfl Minerals,
and are at lafi turnd into an Animal Sub¬
fiance, / thought fit to add what I knew of .
their Tafles; that thence the Tafles, Na¬
I
ture,
 Part HI. 3ii
*•«

ADDENDA

l-

/
A Sphodelus, according to <We#, is
Bitter in the Root, like Squills;
and Acrid, like Dragons: But in
the Botanicum Monfpelienfe, it is deferib’d
to be Acrid, with a Naufeous Sweetnefs.
I only tailed the Leaf.
I have given the Talle of Veronica, in-
llead of Elatine; which, as Mr. Ray fays,
is a Linaria. ■ ,
Fraxinella is like the True Dittany in
Vertue, being Alexipharmack and Vterine;
and not like Rue: The Roots are chiefly
)«! us’d. .
Nummularia is not of a Terelinthinate-
Smell, as I at firll thought it; for fince I
could not obferve it to be fo.
i t ■

Frunella is Bitterilh-Allringent in the

Root. 1 ;
Pfeudo-Melanthium is rather a Lychnis,
than Nigella • the Black Seeds tailing
i. Sweet and Acrid.
Radix-Rhodia: The Root fmells like a
Rofe.
Vmbilicus Vcneris is not Biting; but
may be accounted a Sedum.

A a ERR A-
 ....

.
>
errata.
;■« '

-r
r,/ . . -

, V

What hath been already faid, we hope, will •

oblige the Reader, to Amend or Exciife
theje Errors, and all others that fhall oc-
curr herein to his Obfervaticn.

P Age i Line 11, for difcufs inwardly j are read dif-

<$!} ' inwardly are. p. 22. L ip. {.Trees r.
; Ibid. 1. 20. dde Lilies of the Valley. p. 27, 1. 5. for
0rVw» r. Vrme ■, p. 29.1. f. Rwfwi .• r. A-
gawk : Rubarb and. p. 52.1. 16. {. Windy r.Vinous. p.
f I. 1. del. by. Ib. 1. j. for ObjeB an r, ObjeB, an. p. 87.
J. j'.r. It if therefore a good Vulnerary, and works, p. 92.1.
, ”2" r* ^■er’ P- I2°* 1* 1* f. Carminative Colick
t. Cohae Carminative, p. 164. I. i9. f. Acrid r. Acid. p.
178.I. j. del. and Willow, Ib. 1. 5. r. Oftcr and Willow, p.
181.1. 17. f. Strong, Bitter x.ftrong Bitter, p. 207.1. x9\
r.4rbaVcnenojax. Arbor Venenofa. p. 222.!. j £ Ale-Cod
r. Coflus (as the Englijh Name.) p. 23 y.'l. 1. del. ChamJt- ■
dry< ^‘ de fame Tajle. p. 241.1. 16. f. Maftick-lbyme r.
Synan-Mafhcb. p. 2*7. I. ir. £ r. following
Powder. Ib. a Scruple r. Twenty-four Grains 1

1*

V
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
Ah Advertisement offome late Books: Prin¬
ted for Robert C-lavel, at the Peacock in
St. Pauls Church-Tard. i 6 8 7.
G RammMict Anglo-Remand: or, a Syncritical Gram¬
mar, Teaching Englifh Youth the Latin Tongue,
by few and eafie Rules, comparing Englifh with
Latin, With a Comment for the Ufe of Riper Years ,
containing the Elegancies, and explaining the difficult Phra-
fes and Idioms, which are peculiar to the Latin. 1 Fitted to
the Senfe of the Learned Oxford-Commentatm upon Lilly*
Grammar. By Samuel Shaw, Mailer of the Free-School
in Ajhby-de-la-Zoucb, in Leicefler-fhire.
A Difcourfc concerning a Judge of Controverts in Mat¬
ters of Religion : Being an Anfwer to fome Papers aflert-
ing the Ncceflity of luch a Judge. With an Addrefs to
wavering Trotejlants; {hewing what little reafon they have
to think of any Change of their Religion. Written for the
private Satisfaction of fome Scrupulous Perfons: And now
Publiftied for Common Ufe. With a Preface concerning
the Nature of Certainty and Infallibility. By an Eminent
Author.
, An Hiftorical Defcription of the Glorious Conqueft of
the City of Buda, (the Capital City of the Kingdom of
Hungary ) by the Vi&orious Arms of the Thrice Illuftri-
ous and Invincible Emperour, Leopold the Firft, Under
the Conduct of His mod Serene Highnefs, the Duke of
Lorrain, In 9 Sheets.
The PlcJufible Arguments of a Romifh Eriefl from Scrip¬
ture, Anfwered by an Englifh frotejlant. Scafonable and
Ufeful for all Erotefiant Families.
7he Elaufible Arguments of a E^omifh Erie [l, from A n-
tiquity, Anfwered by the Author of the Anfwer to the
Plaujible Arguments horn Scripture.
A plain and familiar Difcourfe ( by way of Dialogue )
betwixt a jMinifler and his Earifhioner, concerning the C&~
tholick Church, In Lhrfe Parts. I, Shewing what’s the
Nature of the Catholick Church• II* That the Church of
Rome is not the Catholick Church. lit. Thar the Scrip*
tures, and not the Church, are the Rule of Faith. Which
may ferve as an Anfwer to fome late TraSs upon that Ar-*
gqmcnt. By a Divine of the Church of England.
 ADifcourfe of DUELS; fficwlwgthe Sinful Nature;
and Mifchievous Effefls of them; And Anfwering the u-
fual Excules made for them, by Challengers} Acceptors, and
Seconds. By ‘I. Comber, D. D.
Of the Authority of Councils, and the Rule of Faith t
With an Aniwer to the Eight Jhejes, laid down for the
iTryal uf the Englijh Reformation, in the Book that came
lately from Oxford.
The Law and Equity of the Gofpel, in two plain Scr-
mon'j By 7ho. Picrce, D. D. and Dean of Sarttm.
The Hiftory of the Englifb Monarchy, Shewing the be¬
nch: of Kingly Government, and inconvenience of Com¬
mon-Wealths, tcf)C.
An Hiltorical Vindication of the Divine Righc of Tithes,
from Scripture, Reafon, and the Opinion and Pra&ice of
Jews, Gentiles, and Chriftians in all Ages, defigned to
iupply the Omiflions, An'wer the Ooje&ions, and reftifie
the Miftakes of Mr.Seldens Hiftory of Tithes, Part 1. A
further Vindication of the Divine Right of Tithes, proved
by Scripture and Antiquity, and Illuftrared bv the o.'emn
Con iteration, and great Convcniency of them j with an
Anfwtr to the Objections of other Authors againft them.
Part II. To which is added, A Difeonrie of Excommunica¬
tion. By Ihomat Comber, D. D. Pn center of York.
-A Church Catcchilm, with a bri f dnd tafte Ex¬
planation thereof, for the help of the meaneft Capacities
and weakeft Memories, in order to the Eftabli/hing them
3n the Rel’gion of the Church ot bngland. • &
Sir miliam DugdaJes Summons to ail Parliaments, ftnee
the 4$tb. Year of King Henry the Third.
The Dean of Durham's Counfel and Direaions ( Divine
and Moral) in Letrcrs of Advice to a Young Gentleman
ioon after his AdmiftSon inr© a Colledge in Oxford '
Arch-bifhop Sterns Logick.
. The Po£e's Bul{ concerning the Damnation, Excommu¬
nication, C1c. of Queen Elizabeth, with Obfervations and
Ammadverfions thereon. By Ihomat Lord Bift10n ef /«„-
coin. There is a!(o Printed with it the Popes Butt, for the
Damnanon and Excommunication of King Henry the Eighth.
The Catboltck Balance, or a Difcourle- determining the
Controverfies concerning, i. The Carholick Dodrincs -
The Primacy of St. Peter, and the Biftiop of Rome ? * The*
Subjeftion and Authority of the Church in aChriftian
State : According to the Suffrages of the primeft Antiquity.
Written with molt Impartial Sincerity, at the Requcft of a
Private Gentleman. 1
 To the Reader.
tare, and Vertues of Vegetables might le
letter explain'd. The Taftes of Animal Hu¬
mours were long fince obferv'd ly Hippo¬
crates : , J

SVl a-VOpW'uTW Xj 'GTlX£$Vi ^ G&A/XU£pf', ^

yfvwj, xj o^Uj xj c^putyvQVy ^ 7rXalkgfiV, xj
ctAAcs, (Juuqjlo, nvzvfoictA SitrXMcti s^avfoc.. Hip.
de Prifca Medicina.

For there is in Man, a Bitter, a Salt, a

Sweet, a Tart, an Acerb, an Infipid,
and a Thoufand more; which have
all manner of Faculties.

I have reduc'd, in the Fourth Part, Me¬

dicines into Specifick Clafles; and diftin-
guijht the feveralSyzcifcks ly their Taftes,
that Phyftcians might more readily find what
Tafte is necefary for the Correcting of par¬
ticular Humours.
In the Fifth Part I have reduc'd Plants
into the Summa Genera, ly thefe Eight
Taftes, leing All, but the Firft, the Taftes
of the Specifick Juyces of Plants; (vizi)
earthy, ^uciiaginoug, 'Bit¬
ter, aromaticfc, fetib, Tent), Ccuro-
filcie i (Tex J3g will not make a Clafs diffe¬
rent from aftnngents, neither of them be¬
ing the Tafte of any Specifick Juyce.) Thefe
(a 4) Summa !
 _To the Reader.
Summa Genera are fuh-divided into Spe¬
cies, by their feveral Compofitions e/Taftes
or a particular diftinguijhing Smell. ’
/ might have added fome particular Ex¬
ternal Accidents of either Seed, Leaf, Root
or Flower, for the Diftinttion of the Indivi¬
duals rn each Species: But for That Ifhall
referr the. Reader to Mr, RayV Catalogus
Plantarum nova, or his Hiftory of Plants •
- where he may read afull Colie A ion of all the
Accidents of Plants, and find a great many
Taftes collected by him. Which excellent
. Book came not to my Hands, till the greateft
Part of my Book was. tranferib’d- and fence,,
I have read it, and given fome Account of the
Vertues There mention d by him.
I hope, I jhall make it manijeft, in the en-
fuing Difcourfe, that there is no Vertue yet
known in Plants, but what depends on the
Xafle and Smell, and may he known by
them. • J
This was, certainly, tie Foundation, on
which the old Phyficians rais’d the Art of
Phyfick; but they were ftrangely led frem
it by AriftotleV Philofophy, which taught
them to exprefs the Vertues of Medicines
by Hot, Cold, Moift, and Dry ,* to which, and
to Occult Qualities, they attributed all Ef-
fetts, neglecting the Information of their Sen-
now more Advantages,
than
 ■'V •>.

To the Reader.
—i
than the former Ages. By Chymiflry we di-
ftinguifh the Principles which produce each
Talle: And the Learn d Mr. Boyl hath
given us a clear and fatisfaXory Account of
Qualities. The Famous Malpighius, and In¬
genious Dr. Grew, have difcoverd the feve-
Tal Veffels of Plants; and the Lajl hath gi¬
ven us his Curious Reflexions upon Tafles.
From the Famous Anatomifls of our Age,
Harvey, Willis, Lower, Needham, Gliflon,
&c. we have a clearer Defcription of the
Vefiels, Vifcera, and Humours of Animals,
than was known to former Ages. All which
Improvements I found very ufeful to Me, in
the Explication of the Vertues of Medicines
ly their Tafles: And therefore I ought, herey
to acknowledge it, not having leifure to make
particular Quotations.
ft
I hope, the Reader will hereby le excited
to promote the further Defcriptions efTafles$
without which, the Nature of a Medicine, nor
the Manner of its Operation, cannot be under-
flood: And let us not confine our felves to
Five Empirical Medicines, fince there are
fuch Varieties of Tafles; and every Tafte
hath as certain an EjfeX, as the Laurel-Bit¬
ter in the Jefuits Powder, if we ufe it in its
due Time, Place, and Quantity. The chief
Bufinefs of a Phyfician, being to chufe, and
apply Tafles, and not to compound Medicine*;
fir
 1

To the Reader.
I
for That is done hy Nature it felf: For in
thofe Medicines We call Simple, there are
divers Compounded Tafles.
I fuppoje^ there is feme Fear upon Phyfi-
cians, that they fhould do Themfelves feme
Injury; and therefore have heen difeouragd
from, Tafling: But, I hope, it mil be con¬
fidedd\ how difingenuous it is in fome Phy-
ficians, who caufe their Patients to Swallow,
what they dare not Tafle Themfelves.
The Corrofive and Narcotick Plants may
be warily Tafled • and though fome of Them
willy by being Tafled, get into the Stomachy
yet a little can do no Harm. It is truCy that
Gefner Poyfon d himfelf- but it was by ta¬
king Two Drachms of Doronicum-/?^, and
not by tafling of it only. I cannot believe,
I have receivd any Prejudice by Taftmgr
though I have oft bliflerd my Mouth, and
diforderd my Stomach.
I hopey the Candid Reader will pardon
thofe Faults which have happen d in thefe Pa¬
pers, by my Diflance from the Prels, and
the many long and frequent Interruptions I
have had by a Country-Pra&ice, and ill
Health; which have hindred the making of
fome CorrellionSy that flould have been made
both in the Style and Method of the follow*
ing Book,

*
\

In Opus Elaboratijfmum era-

diti ddmodum Viri Joan-
nis Floyeri, Equids Au-
rati, & Dodloris Medici.
Yftica Nature panduntur multa
fapore,
Detergens virtus, difcutienfque
patent.
Tindturam Rofeam, Lapatluimque, Silym-
bria, Myrtum,
ft Communi fenfu Styptica Lingua fapit.
k Sparfus Odor, vere referens Arcana Me-
dendi
Quidni tantus erit, quantus & ipfe fapor >
Quale Rofae fpirant inter fua Lilia mixta:,*
Thus, Aloe, Mufcus, Galbana tale do¬
cent.
Hoc lege, quod crebro tibi fert Floyerus ab
’Pi- ulu,
Cum dulci mifcens utile; pundta tulit.
I Nil tulit infipidum, fi Sal fapit omnia; Odors
Nil tulit ingratum, fpirat ubiq- Rofas.
i
it }• Groenevelt, M.D.
fi
e ColL Med. Lond.

v
Natu*
N Aturam folitis Medicina aggrejfa querehs ,

Die,ait, o Genitrixl quae tua Nata rogat.

Ignotce va 'e ant Plants quid mille per oras •
Ac Animal quantum profit in Arte mea. .
Quidjuvet, ac noceat, caecis Minerale Latebris
Pulfium, quaeque tuo nunc geris ima finu.
An miris variata modis nifi ludis in Orbe,
Si folum cafus detegat ifla modo ?
Refpondet Natura ; Meo deprompt a recejju
Cun ela patent, debit is excut ienda modis:
Vraefiet quanta Frutex, Animal, Minerale,
Q docebit
Vel fapor, ac nares quae ferit,aura levis.
Excplit ecce tuam Floyer Induftrius Artem .*
It quci ad fumma njia} quo fuit.orta modo.

Uxc Sagaciflimo Authori gratis

labundus accinit J

Cbrifiopboms Crelle, M. D.
Medicorum Londin. Collega*
Id:
9w"-
1
-t
T ” *r.A

.. — - ... ■ ‘ '■ «"« "■■■' '■■■ Liini^

J \|
V

\ t

A Phy-
t
)'
a
Phytological Eflay, Sc.

%De ifftft i&att.

t;
i,
i
IS,
tff Cha p.
. ■

The Divifion of Taftes into

;i
T*
Simple and Compound. ii
* • ^ 4 '

H E Organ of Tafie is curiouffy

deferi bed by Malpifhius, to be
certain Nervous Papilla, placed
\ -

S’ upon the Tongue, and about

the Mouth and Throat • which are affe-
cbecl differently in every fort of Tafie.
Dr. Willis affirms, That Gufiatus is Qua-
B- Jam

I
 % fflf Cafltg in general. Part I.
% • - - >

dam quafi taftus fpecies, depending on the

different Figures of Bodies ; which, by the
different Texture and Motion, produce di-
verfe Affedions, Alterations, or Modes of
Taftes on the Organ: As Soft, Hard, Moifl,
Dry, Smooth and Rough; Grateful, as
Sweetnefs; Ungrateful, as Bitternefs, Gree-
tinefs, and Unduoufnefs; Cool, Hot, or
Temperate; Sharp, Corroding; Sait, Sli¬
my, or Aftringent; Contrading the Lips,
and Choaking; Veficating, Exulcerating j
Fife gent, Penetrant; Aromatick, Fetid, or
Abominable; Naufeous, Detergent; Burn¬
ing in the Throat, Pricking in the Mouth
by rough Leaves:1 And divers other Modes
might be added to thele. ^
' According to this Confideration,no Plant ’
has any Simple Tafte; but produces diffe¬
rent Modes: Neither have the mod Sim¬
ple Principles of Plants one Simple Mode -
Or Affedion, but two or more depending
on their Motion and Texture.
\ jicUs have a different and lefs Agita-
,tion of Parts, than the Organ; and there¬
fore they tafte Cool; and by their Angu¬
lar Finite or Edges, they are Pungent.
Water cools and moiftens by the Glo¬
bular Figure of its. Particles; and by their
lefs Agitation, than the Organ of an Ani¬
mal
‘ Oyl
U Oyl of Thints is of a congruous Temper
j, or Heat; and by the rartiofe or vifcous
A Parts, is (limy, and of a fmooth Tafie.
[ _ Earthy Plants are greety, hard and dry
.’! in Tafie, from the Solidity and unequal Par¬
*
ticles of Earth. *
9
«< 'ft" >

In diflinguifhing of Simple and Com¬

pounded Tafies of Plants, I do chiefly con-
hder the different Textures and Motion of
the Original Principles, as producing Sim-'
i*
pie Tafies; and not the different Modes of
Tafie. Therefore,becaufe thefeFour^tirfll,
tOfitCig and €>pl, are the Origi¬
nal Principles of Plants, out of which feme
other Compofitions are immediately made ;
lit
as Salts, Gums, Turpentines and Mucilages,
&rc. and becaufe thefe have a determinate
* Texture and Motion, whereby they pro
fc ducefome certain Modes of Tafie ; I think
I fit to call thefe Four Tafies, (viz.) tOiltlV,
Cdrtlip, ©pip, and aril!,' The only Sim-
M pie Tafies in Plants. And where any Tafie
if depends on. diverfe Principles, that Tafie
f ■ is jufliy efteem'd Compound ; having a
certain .Texture, and Motion, refultmg
1c from the Compofition of the different Tex-
f tures, and Agitation of the Principles;
l which produce a different Tafie in Com-
[ portion, from the Tafie of any Principle.
| B % Compound
 t

4 MM—MMi——^
£>£ Cate m general.
■ ■ - ■ '
Part i.
*. »

I. Compound fafles (confider’d as particu¬

lar Textures of Plants') arifing fromfome
of the- Four Principles of Plants,, are,

i. Bitter, which is compounded of Oyl,

Acid and Earthy having an unequal Tex¬
ture,* detergent, hnpleafant: Compar’d by
Dr. Willis, to the Head of a Teafle or
Rrafh.
%. Ajlrindents are compounded of Acid
and Earth; having a rcughnefs in Tex¬
ture, contracting and exafperating.
3. Mucilaginous is compounded chiefly
of 0?/, Acid and Water ; and of a fmooth
Texture, cooling and moillening.
4. Pungent is compounded of an Oyly-
Acid, and with- feme Earth, united/ by
Fermentation, into Volatile Salts; or, by
Fufton in the Fire, into Fixt Salts; both
of which talle Salt, Pungent, Penetrant,
Drying, from their long iharp-pointed Fi¬
gures.
5. Sweet is compounded of a Rarefy’d,
and welhdigefted Oyl, and Acid • whereby
> it is of a lmooth 'Texture, grateful, and
eafilv convertible into Bitter; having the
fame Principles, by the Alteration of the
Texture only.

Vote, I do not And any Saltnefs natu-

r’ . rally
 Part i. £>£ catles in general. $

rally and confiderable in Thints; but only

externally, from the Sea-Water: And there¬
fore, do not reckon That a TPafte amongft
?hints, becaufe the Natural Salt of Plants
talies only Pungent.
/

Diverfe Tafies are compounded of a Sim- 11,

pie Tafte, and a Compound: As,
i • . 10 ~ /

i. Acrid is compounded of a little Oy/,

and a great deal of Salt; being Hot, Pun¬
gent, and Burning.
z. Acerhs are compounded of Acid and
Afiringent; being partly of Angular, and
partly of a rough Figure.
*h.

Tafies arifing from Compounded Tafies III,

mixed, are, •

i. Naufeous, which is compounded of

Bitter-fweet, or Bitter-flimy; and of a Tex¬
N
ture deterging and fmoothing.
z. Aufteres are compounded of Bitterifi
and AJiringent • and are of a very rough
Texture. ’ , :
3. Nitrofe is compounded of Cool and
Bitter: Plants of this Tafle are Wafcry,
Slimy, and Bitter ilh; as Beets.
6 SDf Cate in genera!. Part i.
IV. j taftes compounded of other Compound
taftes, and a particular Smell, are,
p •

1. Armaticks, which are compounded

of Acrids, Bitterijb or Sweet, with a Fra¬
grant Smell.
*'■ -
2. /F/v^/ taftes are compounded <ABit¬
ter^ Acrid or Mucilaginous taftes ; with a
Fetid Smell
3. Crefs-taftes are compounded of a i?/>-
\terijh and Acrid taftey and a quick Pun¬
gent Smell, which flies from the Tongue
into the Nofej as Muftard-feed, &c. And
we And many Plants Tailing as they

To deferibe the different Affe&ions of

the Organ by tafte^ I think unneceflary:
For the Eyes know particular Colours,
without difeerning and diftinguilhing the
manner of their Impreffion ; and by the
Feeling we know many Things, though
we diftinguilh not all the Qualities we feel:
$0 the tafte, whole Senfc is like the touch¬
ing of an Object, knows (Watry, Earthy,
Acid, Greety, Allringent, Mucilaginous,
Oyly, Bitter, Sweet, Refinous,Gummy, Te-
rebinthinate, Aromatick, Abominable,Pun¬
gent, Corrofive, Hot and Cool, Crude, Mel-
jowy, Naufeous taftes, and Vea-taftes) im¬
mediately, without confidering the parti-
m nr
 Parti. €>f Cal!es in general.
cuiar Mode by which they affetf-. And
becanfe thefe are the common known
Taftes, out of which other Taftes are made *
therefore thefe refpedivefy may be call'd’
Simple Taftes, becaufe the Compound Taftes
of Plants are produc'd by a Mixture of
thefe. And tnefe Compound Taftes are ob-
* 'T* ' * * in the fame liquor; as
m Turpentine, Bitter. Slimy and Acrid mav
be Tafted; and in many Milks of
Bitter, Acrid and Gumminefs: Or elfe the
Compounded Taftes are lodgd in different
Veflels and Liquors; as in the Lympha-
ticks, is a lweet Lympha • in the Mucidulls,
a Mucilage; in the Lactiferous Veflels, a
Mtlk, which is either Bitter-Acrid, or Bit-
ter-Smoaky, or Sweet ,• in the BaIfam Vef-
fels, a Turpentine; in the Parenchymous Parts
of Plants, a crude Joyce; in the Ligneous.
Parts, a Lympha ,• in the Skins of Fruits,
and the Stones and Seed, a different Tafte
from the Juyce of the Pulpy Part. The
Roots, Stalks, Leaves, and Fruit of feme
Plants, have their different Taftes from the
different Digeftion, Mixture, Texture and
Colature of the Juyces of thofe Plants, in
their feveral Parts,
I* ’
*
*,
■ A
•
'• » A

B 4 CHAR
8 SDf Caftcs in general Part i.

Chap. II

I F we ufe the Teflimony of our Senfes

for the difeovery of the Principles or
Ingredients, out of which the Juyces
of Plants, by different Mixtures, are pro¬
duc’d ; they will inform us of Earthy, Wa-
try, Oyly, and Acid Principles ,* and a Pun¬
gency. which is a Salt.

I. Earthy Parts are in Moffes and Woods;

from whence arife dry 7V?cj-i - ' '
> • V > s v .f
« y - .. : '<
* r »■ * ■» i * i * ■*

II, in all Plants; which is fufficient-

ly evident in Diftillations of them, and in
their Juyces. iThe Watty Part is fupplied
bv Rain and Dew; whofe great quantity
this Year, (1685.) has made many Plants
prodigiouily. great: But in the two laft
dry Y ears, the want of. them either dwarft
them in their Growth, or hindred their
I Production, or preferved them not fuffici-
ently fom the fcorching Heat. This >s
Part I. 0f. Cate in general 9
the Vehicle of the other Principles, in
which the Acid fwims readily, as alfo the
Pungent Particles, and combine together;
as Acid and Alcali: In this the Oyls are
mixed, by means of the Acid and Earth.
* S* ■> “i

From thefe Two Principles of Plants,

* thefe following Ta'ftes arife:
K: l ’’ * . ' 11

From much Earth in Plants arife, Firfty

A dry Earthy Tafte, as in Mojfes; Secondly,
A Woody Taftey as in frees and Barks.
* / t *. . V. < A ' ... ’

. ' 1 ✓ r ^

From much Water mixt with Earth and

Acid, arifes a crude or raw faftey as in Spi¬
nach, Chick-weed\ &c

From much Water mixt with Acid and

Oy/, or from fmooth Oyly-Earthy Parts,
like Marie, or Bole diluted, and fome A-
cid’ arifes a Mucilaginous fafte • which I
refer to the Watry faftes^ becaufe Water
molt abounds in it.

Cl

1
 Cadre in general. Part I.

Chap. III.
r
f

Concerning Mucilages.
lHat Mucilages in Plants depend on
the Oyl much diluted, is manifeft
from the following Inflances.
Linfeed a (lords an Oyl by Expreffion,
and a Mucilage in Decod:ion.
Almonds a fiord an Oyl by Expreffion,
and a fit my Mucilaginous Milk in Emul-
fions.
Poppies are very Mucilaginous, and con¬
tain an Oyl, as appears by a Milky Juyce;
and an Oyl is prcded out of Poppy-feeds.
Henbane fmells Oyly, and is Mucilagi¬
nous, and feels Oyly, and Clammy; and
the Seed yields an Oyl by Expreffion.
Thefe Plants that fmell of a rank Oyl,
as Gofs-Flowers, and moft of the Pea-Tafte,
are Mucilaginous: So that from thefe In-
ilances, I may infer, that a crude Oyl dilu¬
ted well with Water, makes a Mucilage •
which may be farther proved by the ef-
Teds of a Mucilage, compared with the
efleds of Oyl.
Mucilages
O
caufe a fmoothnefs in the Pa-
^ lat, and outwardly are Emollients, as Oyls
be.
J Part r. SDf Cafte? in general.
• • . * . *

j be, and ripen Impofthumes; inwardly they

| are more cool than Oy/, though of a con¬
gruous Nature : They defend the Throat
from the lharpnefs of Rheums; the Sto¬
mach from corrofive Humours or Medi¬
cines ; the Ureters from fliarp Cholerick
)ii or Acid Urine; and fmooth the paflages
I for the Stony Gravel; they cool the hot
fcorbutick Blood, by their crude and ropy
i® Parts, flop its violent Motion, and invif-
| cate its Acrid Saline Particles. Oyls have
it a Mucilage joyned with them,
oi I diflilfd fome Gum-Arabick in an open
Fire, and in an Earthen Retort, and found
J an Acid Spirit of a fmoaky Smel!\ and a
a good quantity of Oyl • but the Earthy parts
exceeded all, Gum-Arabick being a clammy
J Mucilage. * - ■
,! But I cannot but think the Mucilage in
'I Comphrey, which taftes as if Meal and Wa-
'J ter were mixed together, depends upon a
a mixture of fome Farinaceous Parts, which
| are the immediate Caufes of Mucilages,
(which Farinaceous Particles are refolvi-
j ble into Oyl and Water chiefly, and have
1 the fame Principles as other Mucilages')
[ and which are proper nourilhment for the
Parenchymous Parts of Plants: Thefe being
in plenty mixed with Water, caufe a flimy
1
Slipperinefs, obfervable by rubbin0- »n the
. o

»
 I
I

xz €>1: Cato in general. , Part i.

Fingers, as well as by the Tafte: Such is the

Mucilage in Althaea, Mallows, Typha, &c.
•Which alfo being dryed to Powder, produce
a fort of Mealy Powder. All the Farina¬
ceous Plants, as Barley, Oats, Wheat, do
yield anOyl. And Bonetus gives us an In¬
stance of Roots of Althaea, which applied
in the form of a Pultk, raifed Blitters•’ and
Comphrey - Roots difculs Gouty Tumors :
So that thefe crude Mucilages have more
■Volatile parts frequently mixed with them.

Thofe diverfities of Tafte that arife fromWLu-

cilage Compounded, are either Cool or Hot.
'y .

§. I. Cool Mucilages,
V >■ * / . 18 ~ \ J li

t With much Water, called the PFitfry

Mucilages, as in Purjlain, &c. thefe have
the effects above defcribed, being the
molt Simple Mucilages.

II. The Earthy Mucilages, fuch as in

rooms; and thefe repel, and cool Inflam¬
mations outwardly.

Ill If the Water be little, the Mucilage is

thick, gummofe, clammy, or Mealy; as in
Comphrey, and Watery Gums: They flop
Fluxes, and corred fharp Humours.
- II. Hot
 Part i. €>f Cate in general.

§. II. Hot Mucilages,

•• \ ' * '* j, '

Mucilages with a rank Oy ly Smelly as in

Gofs-Floivers, and the Pea-Tafle, are pro¬
per for Anodyne Oyntments.

Mucilages with an'Aromatick Smell., ei- n,

ther in Leaves or Flowers, as in Erigerum,
and the Zi/y-kind: Thefe Mealy Mucilages,
with a Lily-Smelly digeft, ripen and fuppu-
rate Tumors.
: . . .

The Bitter Mucilages outwardly foften, IIL

and difcufs inwardly; are Vomiters and
Purgers, being the trued; Character of
Nanieoufnefs in Plants.
■

I . Mucilages with Pungency Acrid, as in IV.

Lyjimachia • and thefe are properly Diure-
ticks: By the Mucilage, they fmooth the
• padages of Urine; ana by their Acrid Salt,
they didolve Acid Tartareous Concretions
in the Kidneys.-

Mucilages with a Narcotick Smell, by V,

their hot Narcotick Parts difcufs, -and allay >
pains; by their Mucilages, they foften and
are Anodyne.
 14 , < _ in general Parti
VI. Mucilages with Aftringency, have their
fafle from the different parts of Plants;
as in Plantane-Seeds, the Husk is Affringent*
✓

the Pulpy part of the Seed Mucilaginous.

c- Chap. IV.
Concerning Acid in ¥ hints.
H E Third Principle our Senfes dis¬
cover in Plants, is Acid; percei¬
vable by Tajle and Smell.’ in Sor¬
rel, &c. This teems to affed the Tajle
with a cool Sharpnefs, not unlike the Spi-
Viie Sutyb. rit of Sulphur; and is probably fupplied
( from the Mineral Kingdom: This Acid
has not the Bitterifhnefs of Nitre, nor the
Saltnels of common Salt, nor a Vitriolate
Relifh from any Mineral; but is pure cool
Acid.
0de Tartar The Cryflals of Tartar are fowre.
Tahff Cryflals of Wood-Sorrel are alfo fowre,
* j like Tartar: The Effential Salts of Plants
differ not from Tartar. Vinegar is more
Spirituous than the former, being a Winy
Subacid Liquor.
» V*' • » ’
I

■: ■ , The
 Part T. flDf Caflc0 in general. i
The Acid is obvious in the moil bitter
Plants, as in Extrads of Worm-mod and
Horehomd' anti in all Extrads: In the
Plant they are not perceived, becaufe of
the Strength of the Bitternefs that afFeds
the Palat moil • though the Acids temper
the Bitter, and the Bitter the Acid. -
Acids are never alter’d in the Plant, fo
as to lofe their Nature, though they un¬
dergo divers Mixtures ; but when they are /
reduc’d into Volatile Salts, by being com¬
pounded with Oyl and Earth.
■
• ' • ^ » ? s f , * , 5 . **■ ;■ « # . i ' ' f •

Acids mixt with much Water, are the f,

purefl Acids.
.

Acids mixt with a little Water, and much 11,

Earth, produce an Aftringent Tafte.
r 1 . £
Ht

Acids with Water and Earth more loofly 111,

mixt, produce a rough Tafte-, as in Sloes,
which is a greater degree of Aftringency:
And in this Tafte the Acid and Earth are
in equal quantity.

The Fourth Acid Compofttion is Acid IV.

Oleofe, as in Terebinthinates; and thefe al¬
ways have an Aftringency joyn’d to the
Bitternefs, which ariles from the Oyl and
Acid in Turpentine.n
\m
I#’ ^
' ' . Dr. Grew' a
i6 flDf €allc0 in general. Part I.
"""1 • ■-*-■ - .. i

Dr. Grew aflerts, That many fHllatitious.

Oyls,' digefted with any ftrong Acid, will
acquire a bitter Tafie : And therefore,
Myrrhe, Gentian, and all bitter Gums diflil-
lea, yield Acid Liquors. I Hi all hereafter
deduce the Bittemels ofPlants immediately
from Turpentine • but remotely from the
fixture of Oyl and Acid.
j . , \ / ’’ '.

Acid-Acrid\ as in Rofa Solis; In thefe

the Vilatile and Acid combine. And fince
Rofa Solis is accounted a Cauflick, ’tis pro¬
bable, other Cauflick Plants may have the
fame mixture. Thefe are proper for Treacle-
Water to cool by their Acid' and fweat
with their hot Parts, or to provoke Vrine.
Mixed Salts, and hot Herbs, tempered by
the mixture of Acid, are profitable in
Fevers.

V I. ' Acid fweet, filch as in all Ripe Fruits, as

Cherries, ripe Grapes • thefe make the Acid
more eafie to the Stomach, and lefs fretting,
as in Spiritus Sails Dulcis: Thefe excite
Appetite, and cool the Blood.

VII. Acid and Bitter; thefe promote Ztrine,

and Bitter■ as in Bezoardick mixtures,which

are Bitter-Acid, Tk
 ■ " ' .** *"** "'..y*—

Part i
■■
Cades in General.
---
I

The EfTe&s of Acids in the Body are to

coagulate, and fix Choler, and the Volatile
Salts in the Blood, by uniting with' the Salt,
and renclring them like common Sal Ammo-
niaek; and lb Acids become Diuretick; as
alfo, by difiblving the gritty Matter of the
Stone, and mixing with it,' by coagulating
the Serum of the Blood • as Serum Sanguinis
turns white by the mixture of the Spirit of
Nitre, and by thickning its Confidence,.^
which is a lefs degree of Coagulation. A-
[ cids hinder the rarefadion of the Blood,
and its Extravasation; as alfo, all Heats and
; Sweats, Cholerick LoofenefTes, and Thirds:
Rough Adringents do die fame thing,
but more weakly, having the Acid pb-
■ tunded by the Earthy Parts • but by that-
: they are more proper for Loofenedes and
Fevers., - ... ,
^ Acids do alfo excite the Appetite, by
ftimulating, and hinder the over-quick
Fermentation of the Chyle, and reparation
of its Spirituous parts, in Windy Exhala¬
tions: And for that reafon we mix Vine¬
gar with Hot Meats and Herbs, and eat
cool Fruits after Meat. Vinegar is the.
bed Antidote ag-ainft any Poylon, from
Acrid Herbs.

CHAP.

\
 / I

ib gpf cafieg in general Part i.

Chap. V.
Concerning Aftringents.
i - r** -■ ;Vj ^ /*.
i ^ / 'j * f 4 : i * * ; * j

j^StRTNGENtS are,

I. Either Watry-Aflringents, in which Wa¬

ter is moil plentiful; which are convenient
in hot Difeafes, with Fluxes of Blood, or
Stools; as Plantane, Knot-Grafs.

,
I diftilfd the Roots of Flaggs in an open
Fire, and had a great deal of Acid, and very
little Fetid Oyl, and much Caput mortuum :

u
This was like the diftilfd Liquor of Woods.

■ 1
II, Bitter -Ajlringents; where the Aftrin-
gencv is mitigated by the Bitternels, which
depends on a crude turpentine: Thefe, by » 11"

their Bitternefs, make the Afiringent Fa¬

culty more agreeable to the Stomach and
-----

Blood: By their Bitternefs they help and

preferve the mixtureof the Blood ,* and by
their Aftringency, which is an Acid in po¬
tentia, precipitate fome Feverilh parts,
which are feparated from the mixture of
the Blood; fo Jefuits Powder works; and
Tomentil-Roots have been us’d for the fame
purpofe; and fo may the Barks of That
VtXlwW

i
 Part i. €>f callt0 in general. 19
*' ' ' " " ' ' | ' '***' 1111 1.1. 1 1 tmn iw n ww, 1 mwWfli

tafte. ’Tis manifeft, that upon giving

the Jefuits Powder, a iharpnefs of Vrine is
foraetimes obfervable• and when it fuc-
ceeds, the Water, which at firft look’d like
Strong Beer, high colour’d, and reddiili,
turns after a while muddy; the feparable
Feverilli Sediment is precipitated, and the
top of the Vrine is thin and clear, by the
reparation of Parts: So that, after the ufe
of the Jefuits Powder, whole Vermes are
evident to the Tafte, being bitter Aftrin*
gent, the prevailing Bitternefs preferves the
mixture of the Blood, and the Aftringency
feparates feme eafily - feparable Parts ;
which not continuing in their right equal
Mixture with the reft of the Blood, caufe
the Fever, as being Heterogeneous, and
raife a Fermentative Commotion for their
Segregation. And it is ufual with Pradri-
fers, to guefs and affert the Alterations in
the Blood, to correfpond to thofe obferva¬
ble in the Water. It may be, our Country
cannot afford fuch an exad: Mixture of
Bitter and Ajlringent, as in the Jefuits Bark *
but I believe it does. x
It may be, we cannot mix Bitter and
Aflringent Taftes, in the fame Proportion,
as Nature has done in the CortexHow¬
ever, it’s evident, that thefe Qualities of
Bitter-Aflringent are in the Cortex; and we
C % cannot
\
■ tv '•
20 Of Cafleg in general. 1 i
Part i.
— *■

cannot imagine any other fo probable to

work thofe Effects which it does; for 7or-
mentil-Root and Cinquefoyl have been tryed
and approv’d in putting off Agues.

111 Sweetifk Aftringents, or the Fern-Taftes,

which have a flight Bitternefs alfo. Thefe
Ferns are good Vulneraries, flop Fluxes ,
and abate the Fermentation of the Blood
in Hypochondriack Scurveys,by their Cru¬
dity and Aftringency: So Chalyheats, as Vi¬
triol of Mars, tafte fweet Aftringent; the
Sweetnefs is moft perceptible in the Poly¬
pody-Root. In the Female Fern the Muci¬
lage is great; the Aftringency is evident
in the Male, and in Lmchitis; but in the
Leaves of Ofmunda, the Mucilage; in the
/ Root, the Aftringency, Bitternefs, and Orris
Smell. Maiden-Hair is Sweet-Aftringent,
which feems to me the true Character of a
Fern-tafte; though fome Varieties are ob-
fervable, as I have noted.
T- *» ^ %

I V. The Aromatick-Aftringent muft be con-

fider’d amongft the Aromaticks.

CHAP.
(•
 0

-i- *

Part i. ©f Caflte in general xi

\
Chap.
¥ *
VI.
Concerning Bitterncfs in
Plants.
T He Fourth Principle our Senfes dis¬
cover in Plants, is Oyl, which
produces Bitternefs, and Aromatick
taftes, plain turpentine, and Fetid Smells,
with a tafie contrary to an Aromatick,
The moft crude Rate of Oyl Vegetable,
is in Mucilages and Siveetnefs • the next is in
Bitters, which have their Tafie from a
turpentine mixed with much Earth, and
fixed by an Acid; as tlie following Inllan-
ces will convince.
' Hypericon Leaves, the Roots of Valeri¬
an, Herb Robert, and efpecialiy the Leaves
of Chamrcpitys, or Groundpine, tafie Bitter,
and fmell of turpentine : The tafie ot
turpentine it felf, -is Bitter j and fo is the
tafie of moll Gums, which are the product
of turpentine Trees, and Plants ', as Myrrh,
Ammoniacum, &c.
If we consider how many Plants are A-
romatick , arifing from turpentine, how
many are Reftnous , and the conftant
C 3 ' Greerinefs
%

I
ai Of Cate in general. Part i. i
Grecnncfs of many Trees and Plants, which j
depends on Turpentine ( which did not i
Freeze in the hard Winters ); It will feem I
more probable that Bitternefs depends on j
Turpentine, which is Compounded of Oyl,
Acid and Gumminefs. fl
«, Bitters yield a great deal of Oyl by Di- j
{filiation, as Wormwood', Centaury, Bitter
Almonds; Olives have alio a Bitternefs. 1
The Milk of Bitter Plants, as Sonchus, ,
Jacea, and Celandine, is exceeding Bitter; j
and it • mull needs be allowed,* that the
. Milk is Oyl, diluted by much Water. Bit¬
ters have generally fome Fetid Smell, or !
Arcmatick Odour : which {hews us, that
Bitter Plants abound in Oyl, from whence j
Odors chiefly arife. The Flowers of 0- 1
range and Elders, are Bitter ; and fb are |
the Fragrant Flowers of other Trees, as Sloe- j
Trees, Jejfamy, Rofes, Hawthorne, Lilies of ]
the Valley. I
The Turpentine in Bitters, is fixed by an ]
Acid, which readily coagulates the Oleous j
Parts, if it be a ftrong Acid• but a mild ]
Acid only detains Oleous Particles in their ]
mixture with Water ; as it appears by ]
Milk; for in the making of Butter, the 1
' Oyl is vifibly feparated in the 1'orm of But- ]
ter; and the Acid, w hich kept it fluid, is I
apparently in the Butter-milk. This Acid 9
by
Part r. flDf CaUe0 in general. *3
by dividing the vifeous Oleous parts of the
Butter, rendred it fluid in the Milk and
from thence its Whitenefsdepends.
In Diftillation of Fats and Oyls, an Acid
appears; as alfo in the Diftillation of Gums,
which may artificially be produced, by
the mixing of Oyl and Acid. /
On this Acid in Bitters, joyn’d with
much Earth, an Aftringent Faculty de¬
pends, which is eminent in many Bit¬
ters. That much of Earth concurs to the
production of Bitters, and fixing of Tur¬
pentine, appears, in that all Bitters produce
much Salt, which we call Fixed (this being
nothing probably, but the Union of Acid
and Earth by calcination) but the Gyl in
which the Bitternefs refides, is eafily dri¬
ven away by the Fire, and remains not in
the Salt or Earth; whence it is alfo proved
to be an Oyl, fixed by its crude Afiociates,
Acid and Earth.
I diltilled half a pound of Gentian Roots,
in an Earthen Retort, in an open Fire; from
it was ’Rilled an Acid Liquor, with the
Water, and a Bitter Oyl, without any Vol;
tile Salt; which confirms my Flypt'7 r
of Bitternqfs being an Oyl fixed by
and the Caput Mortuum exceeded all the
Liquor in the Receiver.

C 4 CHAP.

f
 £>i Caftrs in general. Part
*| ». I mm

The Table of the Varieties of

Bitter Taftes, Compound¬
ed, and their Vertue.
. , .
; »t
,r
t

\
They are either,
* • V .» I . <

I. Cool Bitters.

B ltterifh Aflriment in the Dock kind,

Hydro - Lapathum, Sorrel} Tormen-
///, &c.
Thefe cool Inflammations inwardly and
outw crdly; they check the Paroxyfms of
Ayyues, by their Aftringency, ( which is a
latent Acid, Aflociated with Earth'): By
their Bitternefs adjoyned, they cleanle the
Stomach, excite Appetite: By their Aftri-
dtion, and their Bitternefs, they preferve
the Blood’ from Putreladdon : In ihort,
they imitate the efle&s of Bezoartick mix¬
tures, confiding of Bitter and Acid. -
~ k .i* * ) riG

Watry-Bitter; when the Bitter is much

diluted by Water, as in Fumitory, Succory,
6:c,. which cool the Blood, and dilute it
by
Part i. £>£ Cafie^ in general.
by their Wateriflinefs; and by their Bitter¬
nefs amend the Acidities, and cleanfe the
-Choler, by taking off the coagulating
Acid, which • coagulates its Lymph atick
Vehicle; therefore thefe Tafies are Cbola-
gogues, and Diuretick, cooling alfo in Fevers.
■

Bitter-Acid, which works flronger than 111.

the Bitter-Ajlringent; they are Diuretick,
and Antifehrifick, by their Acid Bitternefs.

Bitter-Sweet, as in the Pea-Tafle; by the 1

Sweetnefs they lenifie the fharpnels of Hu-
mors; by the Bitternefs they cleanfe the
Sumach, Kidneys, and Lungs.

II. Or Hot Bitters.

/

A middle Bate of Vegetable Oyl, is ob» L

fervable in Turpentine Plants, as in Hyperi¬
con ; and their Smell and Tafie will evince
them to be pure Turpentine; their Tafie is
Bitterijh and Afiringent, and their Smell
Terelinthinate : in thefe the Acid fixes
much on the Earthy Parts, and produces
an Afiringency • whereby the Oyl is more
loofned from it. It’s well known, that all VAc Suty,
Turpentine and Gums have a latent Acid,
whence they are more eafily di(tilled by
additions ot Alforlentfi; and their true
Vermes
 ©f Cate tn general. Part I.

Vertues bed Extracted by Tinclura Sails

Tartart. T he Vertues of Turpentine Plants
depending on. the Oyl, are Pectoral, Clean-
Jmg, and Diuretick; and by their Ajlringent
Faculty flopping; but by both Vulnerary:
for what better Vulnerary can there be,
than that which is Cleaning, and Ajlrin¬
gent, and fmells Balfamick, as Turpentine
Plants ? Thefe Plants do bear the name of
Balfamick, which are Terehinthinate and A-
romatick• as Botrys, Mecha-Balfam, Jumper ,
Ladanum fegetum • and thefe are more a-
greeable to the Stomach, than ordinary Tur¬
pentine ; and befides, their Vulnerary Fa-'
cuity may be Cordial, they being alfo
matick.
To thefe I muft add another Clafs of
Balfamicks,which having Turpentine in their
Smell, give a Smell like dead Nettle; fo in
red Lamium there is a Turpentine- flavor,
but another Smell is perceived alfo. In Pa-
mx coloni, and Suleritvs, there is the lame
Dead-Nettle Smell; and'in Galeopfis both
Smells are perceivable.
A third degree of Balfamicks is in the
Geranium Mojchatum, and Geranium Columbi-
mm, which tafle.Ajlringent,& fmell of Musk •
and fince other Geraniums fmell of Turpen¬
tine, but thefe of I do fuppofe that
the higheft flateof the Ojl Vegetable, is a
* rarefied
t
Part i Ot Cafe in general. *7

rarefied Turpentine, which thereby becomes

Odoriferous: Hence Terebinthinates taken
inwardly, after a farther reparation from
their Acid, by the Salts of the Blood, caufe
a Violet Smell in the TJrine, becaufe Aro¬
maticks produce the fame effects in the
TJrine - therefore Aromatick Odors,and Tur¬
pentine., are of an agreeable nature. Many
Turpentine Balfams are of an Aromatick
Smell, as Balfam de Tolu, Balfam Mechrey
Balfam Peruvian, Benjamin, Storax ‘ and
many Herbs, as Ladanum fegetum, and Bo-
trys, which have a Fragrant Terebinthinate
Smell • and fo has Juniper, Cedar, and Saf-
fafras; befides Oyl of Turpentine will eai i-
iy extra# thefe Fragrant Oyls from Vege¬
tables, and is frequently mixt with them
by Sophiflications; whence I may argue,
that they differ only as Turpentine is mixt
with a latent Acid; and as the other are j .

more pure from Acid; and therefore more

^Ethereal or Odoriferous: The Roots c£Va-
lerian fmell like Turpentine, and the Flow¬
ers like Jefamy a little dryed.
i
* i I

Strong Bitters, with a Fetid Odor, as, H

Ballote; thefe by their Bitternefs correct
Acids in the Stomach and Blood, and by
their Fetidnefs amend the Acid in the
Nervous Juyce, and caufe an equal expau-
five

1
 I I '

' V -
" * 11 "> ®« .<

£>f Caflcs in general. Part I.

five motion of the Spirits, and prevent their

unequal difiribution into fbme Nerves, as
in Fits of Convulfion.
v

Strong Bitters, with a Pungency, or A-

i
crid Bitters, as in Celandine; thefe correct j
4
Acids, and open Obftrudtions alio, by
giving a quick motion to the Bloody which |
is done by their Volatile Bitter Oyl, and Vo¬
latile Pungent Salt, on \Vhich their Tafte
and Vertue depend, j
•> * * • is

Strong Bitters Aromatick, as in Wormwood '

and Eupatoriim Cannahinum, they work by \
their Volatile Oyl and Salt on the Blood\ j
and Stomach • whence they are accounted j
\

Antidotes againft Coagulations, Venoms, and |

f

F ejlilential Infe A ions. jl

■

¥. Strong Bitters only, or pure Bitters,with- 1

out any Aromatick or Fetid Odor, or Pun¬
gency ; fucli is the Bitternefs in Bitter Al¬
monds, and Centaury, their parts are more
fixed than any of the other Strong Bitters :
Thefe clean fe the Stomach from Acid \
Phlegm; open the Liver, by correcting the |
coagulating Acids in the Blood they mix • j
with Acids, and pafs by Vrine ; they pre- ;
ferve the Blood from coagulation, and help J
' the office of the crude Bile in Hydropical 1
* \
.; • , Cachexies , j
(
11
\
 Part i. ©f Cafe in general.
Cachexies; they have an Aftridion by their
Acid and Earthy Parts, which abounding In
Bitters, help tne Oyl in corroding Acids*
The Principles of Bitters united by the
Fire, produce fixt Salts, which corred Acids
better than Bitters; which alfo ad as fixt
Salts in all their effects. J
■ ^ * t. ^

, Elder-Bitters and Smells, as in Scrophu-

laria; thefe have a difcufiing Faculty out¬
wardly, by their Fetidnefs and Bitternefs.
. > j* ^ * x

Naufeous Tafles, which are.

i. Naufeous-Bitter, which depends on a

compofition of Mucilage and Bitter, as in
1 Bryony-Roots\ Squills, Berries of Spina Cer-
vina, and Fox-Gloves • the Mucilage in the
Stomach relaxes the Fibres, and caufes the
Bitter to Hick longer on them; and fo to
ad more firongly in Vomiting and Purg¬
ing; the fame Tafle is in Tolygala and
Sena.
/ ' / /

z. A Naufeous Tafle depends on a fweet

t
Bitter, mixed with Mucilage and Pungency;
as in Aloes, Agarick, Ruharh : And Docks
want only the Sweetnefs; but have Bittef,
Slimy, Sub-acrid Aflringency.
f\

x, Too
3° ©f Cafe in general. Part i.
I

3. Too much Sweetnefs is Naufeous,* fo is

Manna, Honey, Polypody-Root; a Sliminefs
or Gumminefs is in Honey and Manna.

4. Too much Bitter is Nauleous: Thus,

in fweet Gall, the over-much Sweet or Bit¬
ter, over-impregnates the Papillae in the
Mouth and Stomach, and caufe an averfion
in the Stomach; as too much Light offends
the Eyes, and makes them Water.

5. An ill Smell gives a Naufeoufnefs; as in

Aron Pouches, whofe Smell will make any
one vomit: And fuch have been the Smells
of many Herhs which I bottled with warm
Water, as Henlane and Spurpe.
In laftes depending on a Volatile Oyl of
Vegetables, (with which is mixed a Pun¬
gent Volatile Salt') this Oyly Salt produces
either an Aromatick or Fetid Smell, and a
pleafdnt Aromatick or Offenfive Tafie. The
Tajle is Aromatick, when the Senfe is briskly
affected, and a pleafing Agitation of Spirits
produced. ' 4
Aromaticks affebf both the Smell and
Tajle gratefully; they have a motion of
Particles' and Texture, agreeable to the
Motion and Texture of Spirits: Spirits of
Vegetables differ nothing from their Oyly
Salts; but by their being largely diffufed

i
 Part i. €>£ Caftejs in general.
in a Vehicle ; and an Oyly Salt is a Spirit
contracted, and without a Vehicle.
(

The effects of Aromaticks on the Body,

! are to warm the Stomach, and difeufs Wind;
1 and thefe conftitute the Clafs of the Sweet
: Aromaticks, or Fennil-Tafles: Thefe are ac-
i counted Carminatives, becaufe they rareffe
I the flatuous exhalations from the Chyle, in
I the primee vice, and fo difeufs them. Thefe
by their Sweetnefs allay the fharpnefs of
l Rheums, and lenifie their Acrimony: They
i are full of an Oyly Salt, by which they
t open the Paflages of the Lungs and Kidneys *
i They extraordinarily difeufs Tumors out¬
wardly, by opening the Pores, andattenu-
{ ating the matter included: The fame Tafle
} is fpread through all the parts of the Plant,
t by the Oyly Salt: Thefe Plants are umbel-
| liferous.
| An Oyl may be diftilled from thefe
f Plants, which has the Tafle, Smell, and Ver-
} tue of thefe Plants : Whence I conclude,
the Tafle and Smell to proceed from the
! Oyl and Volatile Salt aflbciated.

i The Second Clafs of Aromaticks, is the

Bitterifh Aromaticks, as Rofemary, Marjo¬
ram, Bafil, Calamint, and Penny-Royal: By
their Bittemefs adjoyned to their Volatile
m'P* °Jl
 ©f Cafle0 in general. Part i.
Qyl and Salt, they correCt Acids in the
Stomach, cleanfe the Lungs, and open Ob*
ftru&ions in the Glands, caufed by coagu¬
late Serum. The lame effect is produced
by the Saline Pungent Oyl, in altering the'
Adds in the Glands of the Brain, in cor¬
recting and attenuating its Lympha, and
Succus Nervofus; which, as all other Glam
dulous Humors, are prone to Stagnation,
and Acidity: Thefe Aromaticks by exciting 1

their Motion, correcting Acidities, and

thereby rendring the Succus Nervofus more-
Volatile,deferve the name of Cephalicks • and
it’s not improbable, that the Volatile parts
dilpole the Medicine to circulate towards
the Brain, as Windy Liquors dilturb the
Head, and no other part. Thele Medi¬
ci nes evacuate Serum from the Blood,' pro¬
mote its circulation, and attenuate all the
Humors of Chyle, Serum, Lympha, and Suc¬
cus Nervofus; thefe agree in Virtue with
the Fennil Clafs, except that thele work
more by their Bitternels, as well as by the
Pungent Oyl. .
The fame fade in thefe is fpread through
the whole Plant; only the Bitternefs de¬
pends on a fixt Oyl or Terebinth j but the
Aromatick on the Oyly Salt.

Aromatick-Acrids, as Pepper,Ginger; thefe

' have
 Part X.

have a very Acrid Volatile Salt and Oyl.

All Aromatkks are Cordial,, by rarefying
the Blood by their Volatile Parts • bur the
Acrid-Aromatick is the higheft,having moll
Volatile Salt in it • whereas the former
have more Oyl than Salt. Tliele Acrid-A¬
romaticks have either a Sweetnefs, or B;t-
ternels • arid may be referred to the for¬
mer Clafies.
a ' - f ■ i ., .

V
Aromatick-Aflrihgents:, As Aromaticks IV
they are Cordial; and from their Ajirin-
gency, they ftrengthen the Fibres of the
Stomach and Membranes, and all Nervous"
Parts; and by an Acid evident in their
Aflringencyy they hinder the greater Ra¬
refaction of the Blood by their fragrant
pungent Oyl. - -

CHAR
a
 flDf Cafle0 in general. Part 1.

Of Taftes joyned to Fetid

Smells, making them con¬
trary to Aromatick.
W HEN the 0// and Salt- of Plaits
are in very great Proportion in
any Plant, lo as to emit vio¬
lent Steams, offending the Organ of Smel- ^
ling, but chiefly (forcibly) repelling the
y

Spirits towards the Brain, (which creates

an Averfion to it) a Fetid Swell is per¬
ceived. I
That a Fetor proceeds from Oyls, appears
by the Smell of Rancid Oyl, and all diftill d
Oyly Subfiances; as Fat, Butter, and Oyl-
Olive diftill’d.
That a Fetor, in the highefl Degree ,
has alfo a Volatile Salt admixt, is proved
by the Excrements of Animals, putrefied
t
Flejk, Vrine, Blood, and putrefied Vegeta¬
bles • which yield a Volatile Salt. It does
appear by divers Herjos bottled with Wa¬
ter for two Months, that a Fetor is pro¬
duced ; from the Mucilaginous, as Mallow-
Leaves’; from the Bitter, as Jrticboak-
•*
Leaves;
 Parr
—:—
i. Of caltrs w eternal. • '■T't' ' ' L’**'

(leaves ; from the Narcotick,isn exceeding

Fetiddej.\ M Henbdne-Feaves* from the
Excoriators, as SpurgeTftefe Imdling like
the Excrements of Animals. Horfe-radifi
fmelt like Garlick - Sorrel like Hor[e-dung.
Putrefaction concurrs to produce thele Fed
tors, by Separation of a Volatile Oyl and’.
Salt, .from the Acids and Earthy Parts of
the Plants: So Spirit of Soot has an Qyly
Salt; and the FetidOyly Sj// is eafily fe»
parated from Vrine and Bloody after Pu¬
trefaction. Many Acrid Plants are Fetid*,
fo Sophia Chirurgorum, and the Pouches, of:
Aron, are abominable. Cotula Fretida. Net-,
ties, Garlick, and Onyohs, have an Acrid
Tajle, and are Very Fetid: So is Galba-
ftum, Ajfa Fcetida^ and Sagapenum. Divers
Bitters Fetid, as (linking Horehound;
and all Elder-Smells, as Scrophularia, are
Bitter-Fetid: So the (linking Gums Me Bit-'
ter, as well as Acrid and Fetid..' ,
The Mucilaginous are alfo Fetid, as in
lex olida. That there is but ar, Dif-’
^ f 1 ^ 4 ■, . J *

id degree betwixt Aromatick, and5

Plants, appears by many Inftances
as Galeopjis (mells Fetid at firft handling'
afterwards Aromatick. The Flowers of Fa-
lerian are very (trbng, and- offeniive at
jetting; after a little drying, they are
Aromatick So in the. PreparationIS
.*•

D V
 gaaiwiiwawMwWMaiM wtj —<1

6 £>f Calteg in general. Part j

and Cm*, if in a great quantity, or while

frefh, they (link; afterwards, in a' fmall
quantity, they are more grateful .* So the
Leaves of Coriander ftink; but the Seed' is
Aromatick. Elder-Leaves are Fetid, yet the
Flowers are very Fragrant; fb are the Flow¬
ers of Sapomria, though the Leaves re-
femble Elder. The Blofloms of moft frees
are Fragrant, though the Leaves fmell
Crude. _ . *i:"**
From the afore-mentiond Inftances,

C i. Bitter.
Fetids are < z. Acrid.
L 3, Mucilaginous, which are
(generally Narcoticks’.
From the afore-mentiond it may be in-
ferrd, that Fetids inwardly are of a very
hot Nature, difculFing tumors outwardly,
and opening the Pores. Inwardly, Fetids,
by their Volatile Parts, do pierce the Chan¬
nels of the Nerves, mend the Crudity of
their Nervous Juyce; and by their Factor,
they excite a different Motion from that in
Hyfierick Fits, and in Convulfions; and do.
remove theCaufe of that tumultuous Mo¬
tion in the Spirits, by correcting Acidities,
and Stagnation in the Succus Nervofus,
which is difpofed to them, as all other Glan-
dulous Liquors be.
. i- ; Narcoticks
/
*

\
 flDf Ca(tc0 in general.
■,v ■ * «

- Narcoticks have all of them an heavy

offenfive Smell, like Poppies, or Solanum •
or have a fweet heady like Roots of
Bears-Ears.
\

Milky-Narcoticks tafte Mucilaginous,"Bit¬

ter, and Acrid; as Poppies, and Lettice i
The Milky Juyce is an Argument of an
Oy/, and the Acrid of a Volatile Salt ad-
jeyned. Opium is a Bitter-Acrid, has a Re-
fin, and Gum inflammable: Though its ea-
fily extracted by the Spirit of Wine, yet
the Bitternefis and Acrid, in which its Ver-
t
tue is founded, is moll corrected by Spi¬
rit of Vinegar, Juyce of Lemons, Juyce of
Quinces, or any other Acid, as well as by
drying it, and evaporating fome Part of the
Narcotick Fume.

The Second Clafs may be of Bitterifh,

Sub-acrid, Mucilaginous Narcoticks; as So-
lanum Lethale, Bacciferum, Stramonium, Cy-
nogloffum: Befides the Pungency, Solanum
Lignofum has a Bitternefs : The Roots of
Cynoglofs boyl’d, fmell like Spirit of Harts-
Horn.
Frelh Talaco fmells Narcotick about tfye
Flowers, and is Bitter, Mucilaginous, and
Acrid: It much refembles Henbane by its
Figure, Oyl and Clammmefs to the Touch;
D 3 but
 «£o

SWCaties in general. Part i

..\* . • % '
. — - - r - ‘

but by its Bitternefs and Pungency,

vum Lignofam.
4 '

m The Third of Opiates, is Sweetifh,

5. 4
Acrid,and Fetid, differing from fmeh,
as Ckutaria,Napellus. The Roots of Hen-
lane are very Tweet.
Thefe produce Giddinefs, with a fiupor S

and their beft Antidote are Acids, as Vi:‘ i £ t ■ ■* i t. i M *

lor

miar.
7 'O '

tv. The Fourth Clafs has a Bitterifh Acrid

Fajle, as Cowjlips • and thele have alfb a
Fragrancy very heady, being of a low de»
gree amongft Opiates: The Roots of Coiv*
yiips are very Acrid and Bittcrifh.
By the afore-mentioned Inflances it ap-
,pears, that Opiates have very hot Effluvi-
nms, which offend the Smell. By the fame,
Opiates inwardly produce Sweat in fo final!
a'quantity as one or two grains* and are
very Fetid by their Oyly Acrid Salt, which
runs through all the Claffes of Opiates.
The Bitternefs and Sweetnefs in feme Opi¬
ates, no way conduce to encreafe their So-
jporifick quality, but are different in many
> try w •

'Narcoticks taken inwardly, immediately

affed the Nerves in the Stomach, and pro*
duce an heavinefs there; which I have been
; ; ienfible
v

i,
I
Part i. 'Caflfg in general. 39
fenfible of, in tailing the Solatium, and Pop¬
pies ; and they cannot pals a Digeltion and
Separation, nor by a circulation arrive at
i, the Brain, fo foon as their effeds are pro-
[ duced therein: Therefore Narcotick Fumes
. mull pafs through the Pores of the Nerves,
and begin to fix the Spirits in the Membranes
andNerves ofthe Stomach; by which a flu-
, por is communicated to the reft. Something
of .the Opiates palles a Digeftion, and af¬
terwards a Circulation through the Blood;
i where it makes no alteration by its Narco-
}i tick quality; but being Bitter and Acrid,
k it produces a Diaphorefis, as others of that
jj ijle do. In the Nerves thefe Narcotick
Fumes weaken the brisk expanfion of the
Spirits, ( which caufes waking ) and their
too great Agitation, ( which caufes pain )
and likewife Hops their Tumultuous mo-
i tion in Convulfions, and the violent motion
1 of the Heart and Pulfe,as wdl as any Flux of
l! Humors whatfoever, by abating the violent
* co'ntradions of the irritated Fibres. Hu-
t. . , *J» : >* •

!; mors that are Acid are corredeci by the

\ Acrid Tajle and Bitternefs; but Choler can
1 no other ways be helped, but by abating
! the Acid combined with it, and making it
corrofive,as well as by Hopping the motion,
and evacuation of it. From the Symptoms
allayed by Narcoticks, 1 argue, That they
D 4 work
 n

M Cades in general. Part i.

work not aspyIs and Volatile Salts, though
they have them; for they rather produce
an expanfion, agitation, and tumult in the
Spirits: And I alfo conje&ure, that the
Narcotick Faculty is belt deducible from
fuch a combination of the Volatile Oyl and
Salt, with a Mucilage, as to gain thereby a
particular Figure, Motion, or Texture; by
reafon of which, it weakens the motion of
the Spirits, and in too great a quantity de-
itroys their fluidity.
Burnt Alum mixt with Gun-Powder, de-
ftroys its Elaftick force, and weakens the
burft; of a Gun. Water lofes its fluidity
by the fmall Particles of Cold: And Mer¬
cury is made Solid, by the Fumes of Lead..
Nothing can be more eaiily fixt, by di¬
vers additions of other things, though in
it felf it has a greater Agitation of parts
than other fluids, which being ftopt in
their internal motion, become Solids ,* and
if Opiates do weaken or deprive the Ner¬
vous Juyce of its Internal Agitation, from
thence all their Phenomena
r
i • y I i , .
may
'* v •
be» «.ex-
plain d. '
; Ail Narcoticks have .offenfive Smells, by
which we are taught by Nature to avoid
them ; and this Antipathy can proceed
from nothing, but the difagreeable Texture
and Motion of the Narcotick Fumes to our
Spirits:
! Part
--
i. flDf Cafieg; in general.
_—_—

' Spirits: Opiates caufe not Sleep, unlels in

great quantity, in Confumptive Bodies;
| for in them, a little quantity troubles the
' Head,and difturbs theSpirits withGiddineis,
j becaufe their Spirits are very hot and fiery,
l| ,and their motion, for want of a ferofe Ve-
? hide, very violent; butitfeems not pro¬
bable, as fome conjedure, that one grain of
i Pptum fliould force lo much Serum to flow
I to the glandules of the Brain,as to fill them,
and produce Sleep, by too much diluting
» the Spirits: Whereas we frequently drink
8 a full Gallon of Water, or other Liquors,
t which fupply a greater quantity of Serum.i
§ without caufing Sleep/ Opiates by their
{ fharp Acrid Salt ftimulate, as Venereals;
• and by their Bitter Sliminefs andAcrimony^
s they purge. ' '
[5 A flimy Mucilage attends Opiates, which
it outwardly has a good effed to temper
I Heat in Inflammations; whilfl: the Effluvi-
| urns that are Narcotick, abate the Agitati-
I on of Spirits. ■ ,
i By their Mucilage; Opiates may repel,and
alio inwardly given, by the fame they
j allay fharpnefs of Coughs, and corrofive
| Salts; whilfb their Narcotick Flimes fix the
\ motion of Humors, by robbing the Spirits
i of their Adivity ; by their Bitter-Acrid
I jthey difcufs; and by their Mucilages mollifie
By"" Tumors |
 '*■ ■»

pi Cafe in general.
' • J *} /t

4z ** .

Part t
Tumors; as inwardly, their Bitter-Acrid
correds the Acid; the Mucilage tempers
the Choler; and for this end the Poppy-Sy-
mps and Waters, are the beft; having more
Mucilage than Acrid or Bitter. Blit Opium
more Bitter and Acrid, than Mucilage ;
wherefore it is more convenient in Acid

; •

c HAP. IX.
Volatile Salts * and the
Tafles and Vertues de*
w on them
N many Plants, there is a Volatile Salt,
difcernable by the Acrid Pungencypro¬
duced on the Tongue; as in Aron-Roots.
That this Pungency is a Volatile Salt, though
it has no Saltifh 7afte, appears by the fol¬
lowing Experiment. I diftilled fome Mu-
Bar d-feed in a Retort, which afforded both
Qyl and Spirit • which being rectified ,
turned Syrup of Violets green ; though
this Salt, in its natural hate, will not fo
readily turn Syrup of Violets, as Animal
•- J J Salts
’ a
Part i. ©f Caffes in general. 43
t*

Salts do. The Infufion of Aron-Roots in

Water, did a little green the Syrup of Vi¬
olets, after lome time. Spirit of Scurvy-
Grafs, or Aqua Raphani compojita, would not
turn Syrup of Violets; nor Horfe-Radifh-
Roots, infufed in Water; thoJ the leaves
bottled with Water, turned the Syrup af»
ter fome time.
Juyce of Aron-Roots would not turn it;
the Lqek--Roots lliced into Water, mixt
with Syrup of Violets, turned it after a
longtime.
The mixture of other Principles with
the Salt, hinder its greenning of the Sy¬
rup of Violets: So a Decodtion of Harts-
Horn for the fame realbn, will not do what
the Spirit does in turning the Colour.
It’s well known that Vinegar, and other
Acids, as Lemmon, Citron, Sorrel, do belt
corredt the Pungent Acrimony of the Ve¬
getable Salts • and therefore Vinegar is u-
ied in Sallets; Oyl is ufed for the fecuring
of the Stomach from their corrofive Acri¬
mony : Yet the Acrid Salt of Vegetables
will not ferment with Acids, as the Ani¬
mal Salts do. Juyce of Aron-Roots, and
Spirit of Scurvy-Grafs, will not ferment
with Oyl of Vitriol.
Thefe different Clajfes, I have obferved
in the
. , Volatile
... ...Salts of Plants.- Tk

1
 #

Cade# in general Part I.

The tV*itry-Acrid having a pungent Smell.\

like Mufiard or Scurvy-Grafs, and the Cref-
fes: Thefe have a tolerable Pungency, and
but a little Oyl with their pungent Salt.
The Vertue or theieCrefs-tajled Plants, is
firfb from their Salts, which excite Appe¬
tite, and volatilize the AcidFerment in the
Stomach, and therefore are Stomachicks:
In the Blood they amend the coagulating
Acids, open Qbftrudtions in the Spleen
and Brain , and all the • Glandules; and
therefore are Antifcorbutick, Spienetick, Di-
ttretick, and Sudorifick • outwardly they dif-
cufs, and have the Virtues of Volatile
Salts, in Pains, and Scald-Heads, and Scot-
butick Spots. j
By the Watry crude Parts adjoyned,they
temper their own Acrimony, and make it
more agreeable to hot Bloods; as in Brook-
lime. I diflilled Coleivort-Roots, which
tailed like Horfe-Radijh; and had an Acid
mixt with Pungency , which would not
turn Syrup of Violets; this diflillation was
in Sand, in a glafs Retort. There are ma¬
ny degrees of Pungency in this Clafs ; fo
that choice may be made for particular
Conilitutions. j
There is a Bitternefs in many of this
■Clafs, which helps the Operation of the
Acrid: if the Acrid prevails, they belong
• ‘ • - 'to
 Part I. 4Dt Cato in general. 45
to this Clafs; if the Bitter, they are refer-
rible to the Bitters with Acrimony.

The feconcl Clafs of Volatile Salts, is in

1 rank Tafies, and fmells like Garlick and N
Onyons, whofe Smells are rank Fetid, and
I their fafles Very pungent Hot. From
• Horfe-Radifh Leaves, bottled up with Wa¬
il ter two Months; and from their knelling
\ like Garlick, as well as from their pungent
f Tafie, and quick flying up the Nofe and
i; Eyes, like Sal-Ammoniack, I conclude, that
j; the Cepaceom kind, would very properly
I conftitute a fecond degree of Volatile Salts,
il and a much ftronger than the former.
They correct Acids, and Phlegm in the
f Stomach • and excite Appetite by their Pun-
\ gency: they attenuate the Phlegm in the
», Lungs, and open Obflrubtions there, by
j their Volatile Salt• and therefore are good
j PeItorals and Stomachicks: They alter the
f Blood, as Volatile Salts; and are good a-
; gainfl: Infellion, and the Scurvy• and as
| Diureticks, by their Salts they are good
I for the Dropfie : outwardly they dj fcuis
i more than the former Clafs; and their Mu¬
cilaginous Roots are emollient,and ripen A-
pofiumes; and by their Salt they draw forci¬
bly, and difcufs and attenuate. Thlafpi taftes
like Horfe-Radifh, and Imells like Garlick. )
I. V The
 . V . ‘ . VL

: 0f Cafto* in general* Part i

The third, and higheft degree

table Acrid-Salt, is in the Exulcerators, Ve-
Jicatories, or CcrrofveTaJles: Thele. have art.
Acrimony that deftroys. the Organ of
Taking- as among Animals a fierce Vola¬
tile Salt is in Cantharides, which is Vefi*
tatory: And ftrong Spirit of Sal- Ammoniack.
blifters the Tongue. So in the firft Clafs of
Exulcerators, there is a very Acrid Tajle,
-/
and quick pungent Scent, depending on the
Salt only; the Plant being Watry, having:
no ftrong Oyly Smell: and thefe may be
called Watry Exulcerators ; as the Ranun¬
culus, Anemone, Aron, Dragons, Ranunculus,
flammeus: Vejicatories pierce the Pores, and
by their pungent Acrimony irritate the
Glandules in the Cutis, to fend forth their
Serum, and feparate the Cuticula into a'
Blifter. y : s\ ’
The Corrofives have a higher degree of
^

. * t
i
.■
Acrimony; they pierce the Cuticula and
'«>
t-r
Cutis, with Pain ,* they alter and tear their
n
»
i
.
•• V
-j
'♦
Tores, drive out their Serum , and
thereby induce an Vlcer, and corrofion of
the Cutis, 1

r Jf Elote, That the firft Clafs is Veficatory,

I '4 *

or Corrofm Watryj

u The a s is
Salt
 *--V

Part I. 0f Cades m general. 47

2S3

Salt is mixt with a hot fiery Oyl; as in

Euphorlium, Ivy-Gum • and thefe Plants
have a firong Smell, with an Acrid Tafie.
The Milky or Rejinous Exulcerators, have
an Oyl more fixt, joyned to an Acid-Acrid
Salt ♦ as fithymalus, and Efula • and thefe
fmell Acid, rather than of any hot Scent.
Mezereon, and Laureold, have a: faint Lily-
Smell ; in thefe the Oyl is not much con¬
ducing to any Corrofivenefs: But that de¬
pends on the Volatile Salt alone, made
more Volatile by addition of fomtOyl.
> f

The third Clafs of Corrofives, is in the

Acrid-Acid' as Rofa Solis, which is accoun¬
ted Veficatory, but very mild, the Acid
being contrary to Volatility.
r* *

Acids mixt with Minerals 1 as in

fials of Silver, and Aqua Regia,become €o.r~
rofive; and divers other Minerals,
are not in themfelves very fliarp, by
mixture, become Corrofive; as appears by
>Sublimate. Lime has a mixed Salt. This
fort of Corrofivenefs happens in the fixt
Salt of feme Plants; as in the Salt of Afi~
free.
r 4*

Acids become Corrofive in the Fire, by

their feparation from Earthy Parts; as in
Salt-Peter Spirit; Oyl of Vitriol, Aqua
Forth.,
i
 ■

Fort is, and Spirit of Vinegar; but this way I

know no Plants Corrofive : The Acid of
Plants cannot be fo attenuated by Digefti-
on in the Plants as that of Minerals is in
the Fire. i . ^ • > .

Fixt Salts in Soap-Ajhes, by being uni¬

v*
ted in a folid form, ad: all together, and
fo corrode. So a Veficatory is made out of
Allies of Ajh-Tree ; but this way cannot
happen in Plants, becaufe there is naturally
no fixt Salt in them, but what is made by
Fire. ^ IB
Oyls of themfelves cannot be Corrofive;
they pierce by their tenuity, but cannot
corrode; their Pungency is from the Salt
only, though their Heat and Smell is from
the Oyl; but generally the Corrofives have
no Smelly or inconfiderable; where it would
not happen, if the Oyl were Corrofive:
whence I conclude, tnat.fuch a Tafie de¬
pends on the Volatile Salt diluted with
Water, or lharpned L”"1—JJ:"?—
though crude, as in
daily by a Volatile Oy/, as in Euphorbium.

\
 Part I.
49

Chap. X.
Of Sweet Taftes

T HIS Tafle depends on an equal Mix¬

ture of the Principles of Plants:
■ The Acerb, Auftere, Woody Fruits
become Sweet, Fragrant, and Spirituous,
( when ripen’d by the Heat of the Sun, like
’ a Chymical Digeftion, that leparates
| the Principles, and produces a Icofer Mix-
1 turn; and the Sweet Fruits, by Diftillati-
1 on, afford a Spirit • fo that, an Acid from
' the Crudity, and Spirituous Oyl and Salt
‘ from the Ripenefs, are evident in Sweet
| d'aftes. A Mucilage appears in jLiquorijh,
j and an Oy!y Smell in the Flowers of the
j Tea-Tafle. Sugar has both Oyl and Acid:
I So that from different Sweet Tafies, you
: will find all the Principles of Plants to be
! latent in a Sweet Tafle ; which will appear
from the Clafies of Sweet Tafies:

I
; f i. Sweet-Watry-Crude, in Grafs and
Corn.
2. Sweet-Aromaticks, in Carrotts and
ii Parfneps.
E 3 . Sweet*
 5° Part I.
m

3. Sweet-Acrid, in Rapunculus.
t \
4. Sweet-Mucilaginous, in Figgs; or

1 Oleofe, as in Nuts.
5. Sweet-Subacidfa Strawberries and
Grapes. '. *' a
6. Ritter-Sweet, in Aloes.
L 7. The Pea-Tajle, in Fitches, &rc.

1. Sweet and Rough,

Pea-Taftes z. Sweet and Bitterifb, or
/

are either 3. Sweet, and compounded

I
with a Bitter-Acrid, and
C U fometimes a Mucilage.

The Watry-Crude are Cooling, in diftili’d

Waters and Decoctions. _ j
The Sweet-Aromaticks are Nouriiliing,
and very grateful to the Stomach.
Sweet-Acrid are alfo Efculent and D'tu-
retick; by their Acrimony and Sweetnefs
they are Pedtoral, lenifying lharp Rheums,
and opening the Bream Sweet-Mucilagi¬
nous are both Pectorals and Diureticks, de¬
fending the Membranes both by their Sweet¬
nefs and Mucilage, and making them more
flippy for Phlegm and Gravel, a$ well as
allaying the Sharpnefs of Saline Humors
by the Mucilage. _ < 'j
Sweet-Subacid are cooling Cordials.
Bitter-Sweets are Naufeous Purgers.
. ' ; * 'U
Pea-
 Part i. Of Cafle0 in general.
Pea-Taftes are of a crude Juyce, him
dring the Fermentation of the Blood, dul¬
ling its Salts • efpecially if a Mucilage be
adjoyned. *
If Aftringency, they bind alio.
If Bitter, or Acrid, or Both, they are
opening, and outwardly difcuffing • as in

Chap. XI

ccs, and the Verities depcn~

T HE Smells of Plants are either

Cool, Temperate, or Hot.

$ • I. Of Cool Smells in Plants.

> x V ’ i- • * • r *-»•

Earthy, which fmell of Earth ;♦ with

which is joyn’d a Mucilag-eyrs in Mufhromes:
Or elfe they are dry Plants, as Mojfes. And
this Smell of Earth mull needs argue a
Crude Plant.
E % SorreU
 __

f~
p*
l I ■ II—HIBI I ■ — Ml II—H^n— I |-
Of Cafte0 in general.
— - - - I —__
Part i.

Sorrel-Smells, or Acid, or Soivre : Thefe

fliew the Acid to abound in a Plant, and
- the Vertues depending thereon; as in £w-
rel, &c. ;

III. A Crude or Graffy-Smell.’ refulting from

an indigefted Mixture of and Earth,
and Water; as in Plantane. A Crude Smell
indicates a cooling Quality, fit for infla¬
med Blood, and over-fermented Humors:
And outwardly thefe Plants are repelling,
and of a cooling Quality.
In the Plants which have the Smells a-
bove-mentioned, there is not fo great a
Digeflion of their Juyce, as to attenuate
it, and rarefie it, fo far as to emit brisk
Particles to affedt the Senles, like Oyl or
Volatile Salts of Plants.

II. Of Temperate Smells.

Temperate Smells of Plants are mtxt of
Hot and Cold, being Mellowy-Sweet • fitch
as is in Ripe Fruits, as in Apples, &c. ■
This Smell arifes from an higher Dige-
ftion of the Crude Juyce in Fruits, by the
Heat of the Sun• which produces that e-
qual Mixture of Principles, which is moll
agreeable to the Body, of Animals, for
their Food,* and by this Smell,andtheA-
romatick,

x
Part i. Of Caffes in general._53

romatick, they choofe it naturally. Moft

Fruits may, by a farther Fermentation, be
prepar’d to yield an inflammable Spirit; and
therefore, Fruits fermented in the Stomach,
yield a brisk Spirit to the Blood,
And by their Arid, (which appears to
the Tafte and Smell after Fermentation)
they cool the Blood and Choler, and ex¬
cite Appetite. A grateful Acid may be fmelt
in the Stomachs of Birds, which feed on
Hips ; from which I have made a very
grateful Spirit, by Fermentation. In Sur¬
feits of Fruits, the Fermentation of them
is carried on to a Putrefactionj which hap¬
pens frequently, when Fruit is eaten by a-
ny Perfon when he is very hot; or elfe the
Fruit lies in the Stomach crude, and un¬
fermented, very Acid, and Griping, as it
happens to cold Stomachs.
* »

III. Of Hot Smells.

.

Hot Smells are either Agreeable, or Of-

fenfive.
^ ^ ^ ^ * /

Agreeahle Hot Smells are l

1. Terehinthinates; in which the Oy of

Plants is more rarefy’d, than in any other
of the former Smells • but yet it is mixt
lm ' . E 3 with,
/
£4 €>c Cafifs in general. Part i.
with, and iixt by an Acid: And this Smell
indicates a Vulnerary Quality, by refem-
bling the Smell of Turpentine. ’ A Balfamick
Smell depends on a State of the Oyl of
Plants, betwixt a Turpentine and Aroma-
tick Smell • as in Botrys, Ladanum fege-
tum, &c.
z. Aromaticks^ in which the Oyl is lefs
fixt than in the former, there being lefs Acid
mixt with it, (which appears in the Aroma-
tick Aftringent:} In Aromaticks, there is a
Bitternefs, or Sweetnefs, with an Acrimony.
All Aromaticks are Cordial.
3. Fragrant Smells; in which the Senfe of
Smelling is highly pleas’d, by the Odor de¬
pending on the higheft rarefy’d Oyl of
Plants; and therefore very little affe&s the
Tafte, the Oyl not being fixt in the Juyce
of the Plant fo much as in the former,’by
an Acid, as in Jajfemin-Flowers, Oranje-
Flowers, &c.
Thefe Plants afford the befl Cordial-Wa¬
ter ; and are only an higher Degree of A-
romaticks.

11. Hot Offenjive Smells are

1. A Quick Pungent Smell; which is in

Horfe-Radi(b, or Muftard-Seed, or Ranuncu¬
lus: Thefe Plants have a Volatile Salt,
, and
*
Part r. Caftes in general. 55
and the Vermes depending on it. The pro¬
per Smell of Vegetable Salts, is a quick
Pungency. Animal Salts have alfo a Smoa-
ky or Urinous Smell, by which they dif¬
fer. > . ..
z. Fetid Smells • which arife from a Salt
and Oyl very Volatile ; and therefore have
outwardly a moft difcuflive Quality, and
inwardly an Anti-Hyfterick Quality.
V ■' ^ 40
»

i. Fetid', like £A/cr; and thofe Plants

have the fame Vertue; as Scrophularia.
z. Rankfiks Garlick, as Onions and Leeks;
and thefe have the fame Vertue as
Garlick.
3. A Rancid Oyly Smell, which many of
the Pea-tafle have ,• as Gofs-r lowers,
&c. and thefe are ft for Oyls, and
Oyntments.
4. Narcotick Smells, like Poppy; and all
thefe Plants have an Opiate Faculty.
5. Naufeous Smells, fuch as is in Aron-
Pouches; which Smell is moft Abo¬
minable.

In Bryony-Berries the Naufeous Smell in¬

timates a Vomitory Faculty.
Thofe Smells which do refemble other
Plants, have the fame Vertue; but not al¬
ways, when they refemble other Things.
E 4 Rocket,

/
 5* Cafleg in general. Part
Rocket,
Scurvy-Grafs, have a Muflard-Seod
Horfe-Radijh, Smell.
Water-Cremes, &c.
*£ V* •

St. Johns - Wort,

Herl - Robert. \ .

Firr, have a Turpentine

Tine, Smell.
Juniper, &cl
.4 *

Germander,
Wood - Sage,

Scordium,
*
** like Gatlick.
X

i
Tanjles, ? fmell like Orange-
Milkwort, f Flowers.
Silquofe-Willow-herb, > like Codlings.

Ballote,
Ironwort,
Galeopjis,
Chickweed, with ^ have all of them a
Ivy-Leaves, J dead Nettle-Smell
Ground-Ivy-Leaves,
Clowns-All-heal,
Cardiaca, &c.
Hare-
Part i. €>f Cafie0 in general.
Hare-Bells,
Dajfadillsy
fmell all like Zi/y-
Dog-fiones,
Marjb-Marygolds,
Flowers.
Violets, &c.

Solanum Bacciferum, i i
Lignofum,
Lethale,
Circata,
Tolaco,
Papaver album, have all a Poppy, or
Papaver rhoeas, heavy, ftrong,
Mirabile Peruvian. tid. Opiate Smell.
Lattuca Sylvejl.
Opium,
Argemone,
Stramonium,

Primrofesy
Bears-Ears, have a ftrong, fra¬
Love-Apples, grant, heady Smell
» *
Anemone,
rub’d, and put affed: the Eyes like
to the iSfyte. Sal-Ammoniack.
\

Calaminty
DiffamnuSy like Penny-Royal,
Cat-mint.

Gromwell
 Cafteg in general. Parc i.
Gromwell and ? fmell like the Excre-
Hounds-tongues, ^ wetfir of /Vice.

fmell like Wxilnut-

Peels.

From the Tore-mention’d Inftances, it

appears,
i

Fir/?, How much the Vertues of Plants

may be known, and how eattly difhin-
.guilh’t by their Smell: Which will ap¬
pear more clearly, in my New Method of
Plants.

Secondly, I may inferr, That the Smell

of Hot Plants depends on their Oj/, though
the Volatile Salt gives it a quick Pun-
ency.

r
Part I. SDl Cadcs m general.
Thirdly, That the Acid and Earthy Parts,
are fmelt as well as the Volatile.
\

Fourthly, That Fetids, and Aromaticks,

differ only in Degree,; the Fetids being
ftrongeft; both of them being produced
by anOyly Volatile Salt, which feparates
the Oyl from the fixing Acid.

In the Senfe of Feeling, (by which the

Impreffbns on the Tongue are explain’d}
Pleafure arifes, a hlando & molli affriclu, by
which the Spirits are drawn into the Part,
In Pain there is impulfus Jihras convellens
& corrugans, by which the Spirits are di¬
ffracted and diflipated: So in Aromaticks,
the Papilla are gratefully and gently rub¬
bed,* in Fetid laftes, more violently, and
the Senfe of Smelling is alfo offended by a
violent Imprellion, but pleas’d with a
gentler.

CHAR

I
6o “Ca0e0 in general. Part I.

Chap. XII.
Of Occult Qualities.
T Hat there are many Textures in
Plants, which we iliall never be
• able to deferibe; and fome Inter-
nal Agitations of Particles, which we can
never explain, is undeniably true; though
we obferve the Taftes and Smells produced
by each particular Texture; and the Qua¬
lities of Hot and Cold, depending on the
motion of Particles. So in Narcoticks we
tafte Mucilage and Acrimony, and fmcll a
Feetor • which fenfible Qualities we find in
Narcoticks ; though we know not their
particular Texture and Motion, by which
thefe particular Compositions of Tajles ad:,
nor the manner by which they flupefie.
Purgers have their particular Compofi-
tion of' Tajles, refulting from a particular
Texture, on which their Irritation depends •
their Textures being not deferrable other
ways, than by their leveral Tajles depending
on them, and the Nature of the Principles,
which produce their feveral Tajles; and
are the Ingredients conflituting that Parti-
. cular
Part i. flVc Cato in general.
cular fort of Texture. Seeing therefore,
that the particular Compound Taftes of
each Plant, are the EfFeds of particular
Textures; where we find the fame Com¬
binations of Taftes, the fame Textures mull
needs be inferrd. Therefore, we know
alfo the Textures of Plants, by their feveral
Taftes and Principles, though not diredlv,
and immediately by our Senfes.
The Figures of minute Particles, are too
fmall to be vifible; and the manner of their
Internal Motion doth not ailed: our Feeling,
or other Senfes; and therefore the Tex¬
tures of all Plants, and all other Bodies, will
ever be Occult Qualities as well as the Ef¬
fluviums of all Bodies,not affeding our Sca¬
les.
The fame Occult Qualities are in the
moll known and evident things ,* as Fire,
whofe Heat we feel, but cannot defcribe the
Figure and Motion of its Particles ,• neither
can we defcribe the Texture of Mucilages 3

Bitters or Turpentines, &c. yet we can di-

Hinguifh the Taftes and Smells, and Princi¬
ples, which conllitute each particular Tex¬
ture : Therefore, I conclude, that the Tex¬
ture and infenffble Effluviums, are alike ob-
fcure in all Bodies, as well as Vegetalles
u ©

and nothing is more Occult in one Vege¬

table than in another * but becaufe we
3

know
 f

t
-*-------------—---^

6z ©f Cate in general. Part i.

^ - ~1 .- - ■ . -—■— - - ■ ■ —

know not the Nature of Animals, on which

Plants produce their Effects; we cannot
fo clearly give an Account of the Opera¬
tion of fome Tafies and Smells, as of others.
So in Opium, we cannot explain the manner
of its Stupefaction, becaufe we know not
the Nature of Animal Spirits, on which it
aCts ; yet we perceive the Gumminefs, the
Acrimony, the Bitternefs, and Fetidnefs, by
which it aCts; and by which its manner of
ftupefying will be explain’d, when the Na¬
ture and Motion of Animal Spirits is fuffi-
ciently underflood.
Not only the Nature of Spirits, but alfo
the Nature of fome Humors in the Body,
are yet unknown; and the Ufe of fome
Parts too; as the Spleen, and divers Glan¬
dules, which may make the manner of the
Operation of many Medicines lefs evident
to us: For fince the difcovery of the Muf-
cular Fabrick, and ufe of the Heart, by Dr.
Lower; and the Circulation of the Blood,
by Harvey; and the Infertion of Nerves
into the Mufcles of the HeartJoy DrWillis:
a more rational and evident Account may
be given of the Operation of Cordials, by
their particular tafies and Smells; as in A-
romaticks, which abound with a Volatile
Oyl and Salt; whereby they quicken the
Circulation of the Blood,and excite a brisker
Motion
>
Part i. flDf Cades in general;

Motion in the Animal Spirits, by which

the Mufcles of the Heart are moved.
It is not only the unknown Nature of Hu¬
mors,and the undifcovcr’d Ufe of fome Parts
oi the Body, which makes the manner of
the Operations of fome Medicines obfcure ;
but alfo the want of examining the Nature
of the Medicine it felf, and the particular
Compofitions of taftes which are in it,
* *■ H * t ' f **

I hope, I may give a further light to the

Ingenious Enquirers into the manner of the
Operations of Vegetables, by obferving
thefe two things: '
jt iK . \ y * ^r r } 4 i * r * j t ->•> "
m* , ^ t . i
>— -V e
' J
V *-
t
*<*..*. I
i» ».»“ Jm.
f A
^
* fJ .4k
y • e W

* « Lg . V-'

That T/awtfj have Compounded

by which they abt • as Rubork purgeth by
a Bitter, Slimy, Sul-acrid Jftringent tafte.
St. jfo/ws is a Vulnerary, by being
Bitterijh, Jftringent, and having a turpen¬
tine Smell. Liver-wort is Hepatick and
Diuretick, by being Bitterijh, Sub-acrid,\
Mucilaginous, and having a TurpentineSmett
(as in the Second part of the Book, you
will find all the after this manner de¬
ferred.) And therefore I infer, That though
each particular tafte hath a Vertue, as
confidered by it felf ,* yet divers taftes be¬
ing Compounded in one Plant, every Plant
hath a particular Effebt depending on the
Eh Abtion
I
 I

64 ©f Cafteg in general. Part 1.

Adtion of all the Qualities together; from
all which the Vertue of a Plant is deduced,
and not from one only Tafle: But we fhall
better apprehend the Effects of Vegetables
produced on Animals, if we confider
, "Y * ^ \ « / —* '> ' r f * l

II, That every Animal contains divers

Humors, feparated by particular Parts into
diftindt Veflels ; and that thefe Humors
have different Tajlesy Natures, Digefiions,
and particular Motions given them by
the Mechanical Structure of an Animal
Body; and that the Organical Parts have
fuch an agreeable contrivance, as by the
adting on One Part, the Whole may be di-
fturbed and varioufly moved; which ap¬
pears in Smells that are offenfive to Hy~
flerick Perfons.

CHAP.
 v •• f
Chap. XIII.
* 4W ■/ ,3

r
*r r
T
l)

iMat Notion of Specifiers, I think

moil rational, differs much from
•; what is ufualiy deferib’d by Au¬
thors, by -whom Medicines are call'd Spe-
cificks; becaufe they ad: principally upon
the account' d! feme Property or peculiar
Virtue, which is unknown, and not by
any manifeft Qualities of Bitter, > A:rid.
Acid, &c. But I will hotdilpiite thofe Au¬
thor s Notions, but propofe my own to the
Ingenuous and Candid, to be examin'd by
^ therefore define a Specifick Me-
a particular 7h/e, or Com-
pofidoa of Tafles or Smells, whereby it
atds on feme Humors of an Animal, more
peculiarly and effectually than other Me¬
dicines.
«. ... /■ - ♦ > ^ ' -•

There are three forts of Specificks • Firft,

Specifick Burgers. Secondly, Specifick Al-
terers, which are of a contrary Tajle to
the Humors corrected. Thirdly, Specifick
Alterers, which are of the fame Nature,
I F and
 I

£>f Cafe tn general Part I

and of the fame Tafts, as the Humors
they correct.

Firft, Speciftck Purgers: Purgers are

called Speciftck, becaufe they evacuate a
particular Humor; and if they be confi-
dered as Alterers, they have the fame Tafte
as the Humors they Purge; by which Tafte
they difpofe that Humor to a reparation
from the Blood: And Purgers are alfo moft
peculiarly fuited to the nature of the Hu¬
mor they Purge, by the different degree of
Acrimony, which irritates. So Cholagogues,
as Dock-Roots, and Rubarb, are Bitter and
Slimy.like Choice • and alio Sub-acridpfAivSa
is the lowed: Degree of Irritation. Phleg-
marogues are alio Cholagogues • as Aloes, and
Jgarick,which have a Bitter-ftveet,, likeCho-
ler • and have a Mucilage or Gummmefs,
like Phlepwi • and alfo a greater Degiee of
Acrimony than the former Cholagogues;
 mmm

Part I. Cate in general.

PS—*1

in Refins,refembles the Saltnefs in the Bloody

it being alfo a Salt. Melanagogues differ
not from Phkgmagogues, and the mild Hy-
drogogues ; as Sena, which is Bitterijh,
Slimy, Sub-acrid.
Note, That black Hellebore is very A-
crid, by which it is of a contrary Tafie to
Melancholick Humors; and correds Acids,
as well as purges Phlegm and Choler.
* V V-v

Secondly, Specific ks, which are of a con¬

trary Tafie to the quality of the Humors,
to be correded. So dcL/-Medicines are
contrary to Bitter Choler, and A rid Salts,
and deftroy their Tafies. EarthySalt and
! Bitter Medicines,are contrary to.Acidsty and
' Acerbity in the Lympha, Serum, and Chyle :
as alfo Sulphurs and Oyls are. Watry Mud--
Ifiges, and Crude Joyces, are contrary to the
infpiflate Serum of the Blood, by diluting it.
1 Afiringents are contrary to the Laxity of
the Fibres, and Oyly Medicines are contra¬
ry to their roughnefs and drynefs. Thefe
[ Contrarieties of Qualities, ancl alfo the Spe-
ctfick Purgers, are mentioned in the Sped-
[ fick Clafs, to which I refer the Reader.

Thirdly. Specified Alterers Q which are

appropriated, and call’d Friendly to forne
part 3 by being of the fame Tafie and Na-
F. x turc.

i
 g>f €atfeg in general. Part I*

tyre, as the Humors that are prepared and

feparated by that particular Part; the Na¬
ture of which will more plainly appear by
the following Comparifon , betwixt the
Taftes of Animal Humors, and the Taftes of
thole Medicines which refped particular
Parts. f
The Natural Tafte of Choler, is Sweet,
Bitter, Slimy; in Birds Acrid: from this
tafte of Choler, it is natural for us to argue.
That a Medicine of the fame Tafte, will
a<2 like Choler in the Body, and fupply the
defed of it when wanting, and reftore it
to its natural Tafte and lfate, when wea¬
kened, dull’d, or coagulated by Acids; or
wants a perfed Digeftion ana Separation
from the Blood: Therefore, by realbn of a
Bitter, Slimy, Sub-acrid Tafte, in Choler»
Gentian-Root, which hath that Tafte, is ac¬
counted an Hepatick; and alfo Carduus ,
with all others of the fame Tafte; upon
the account of a Bitter Sul-acrid in Choler ,
Celandine and Turmerick-Roots are Hepa-
ticks alfo. Upon the account of Bitternefs
only, all Bitters are Hepatick, as Succory.
Upon the account of Sul-acrid only in
Choler, all Acrids may be accounted Hepa-
ticks, on the account that Choler hath a
fweet Oylinefs in the Tafte, and that Sweets
become eafily Bitter. Therefore all fweet
w i Spices
 9

Part i. £>£ Calie0 in general. 69

Spices and Aromatickspxe. Hepatick: Choler
is alfo Fetid; and therefore the FetidGums,
which are Bitter, Acrid, and Fetid, are
good Hepaticks: And all Plants abounding
with an Oyly Pungency, and their diftilfd
Oyls, are Hepatick, becaufe the fame Prin¬
ciples are in Choler.
Sweat and Z'me have the fame Salt
Fafie; and therefore the fame Salt Medicines
are both Diuretick and Diaphoretick. This
Salt in the Serum of the Bloody is of the
nature of Sal- Ammoniack • therefore mixt
Salts are the bed Diureticks and Diapho¬
retick s. All Medicines of a Salt tafie, as
fixt Salts, pure Volatile Salts, or Vegetable
Oyly Salts, in Aromaticks, Fetids, and A-
crids, and many Salfo-Acids, promote both
Sweat and Vrine • and all Volatile Salts
fmell Vrinous.
Note, That Teftaceous Medicines be¬
come Diuretick, by getting a Salt tafie in
the Stomach, by reafon of the mixing of its
Acid with them.
The Saltnefs of the Blood preferves its
Mixture, and prevents Putrefaction ; and
fo do all the Salts above-mentioned; and
therefore they are Antifehrifick, and Alexi-
pharmliick.
The Lympha of tha Conglolate Glandules,
is alfo Salt, like the Serum of the Blood;
F 2 and
 I

70 £>f Catlc0 in general.

-- w
Part 1.

and therefore in Arthrkick pains, requires

the fame Salt Medicines, which move
Sweat and Vrine, with a cool Watry Vehi¬
cle : for the ufe of this Lympha is not only
to mix the Chyle and Bloody but to dilute
both; the defed: of which Lympha is bell
fupply’d from the Watry Sul-acrid Plants.
The Lympha of the Conglomerate Glan¬
dules, is Watry, Slimy, Sub-acid ,♦ this con-
IKtutes the Ferment of the Stomach, and
is ieparated into the primat vice, not only
by the Salival Glandules, but by thefe alfo of
the Stomachy Pancreas, and Guts. This
Lympha is fupply’d by fpirituous Acids,
and Slimy, Watry Sub-acids, as Lemmons
Granges, and dulcified Spirit of Salt • thefe
excite Appetite, and help the Fermentation
of Meats. So Leaven , which ferments
Dough, is Sub-acid and Salt. Salt Taftes
are alfo pleafing to the Stomach, becaufe
they are Sub-acids.
The Lympha, which moiftens the Cavity
of the Lungs and Wind-pipe, is Slimy, Sweet,
and Milky; in Heclicks this is deficient,
and is therefore fupplyed with Milks, and
Watry Sweet Mucilages.
The ufe of the Spleen is yet unknown,

*-> — - - - — r ^——v ^ y

and therefore many Jfiringents, which are

; produced

$
Part i ©f caflesi in general.
, as Vitriolum Martis,
and the Fern- Aflringents, help the prepa¬
ration , and fuppiy the defed of the Sple-
netick Liquor: All Medicines altering the
Depravation of it, mull be contrary to
Acids.
The Menfes have a particular Swell, not
unlike Flowers of Marigolds, or Saffron
which are Fetids; and fo is Atriphx Qhday
and therefore efteemed an Vterine; and for
their agreement in Smell, all other Fetidsy
though they have not the fame fort of F&-
tor, are accounted Vterines • as Volatile
Oy/x, Salts, and Fetid Gums.
Aromatick Smells are grateful and plea-
fing to the Spirits, and therefore are ufed
as Cordials and Ctphalicks ; we cannot
Tafie the Spirits, though we could meet
with the Succm Nervojus, becaufe they
are the Inftruments of Tafie; but there
feems nothing fitter than Smells to explain
their Natures, which work much on the
Spirits, they being fubtle and invifible Ef¬
fluviums, like them.
Narcoticks have a Fetid Smell, by which
they ftupefie the Spirits, by flopping their
Motion and Elaflicity, and the Fluidity of
their Glandulous Vehicle.
Amongft Plants, thofe are efleemed fit¬
ted for Food5 which have a fweet Tafie•
F 4 and
72*
sP* Caffes in general. Part i
and fuch hath been accounted the Tafie of
chyle: Sweet things breeding the greateft
quantity of it, and moft nourifhing * for
Chyle like fweet Tafies, contains an Oyl
and Aadity 'well digefted and diluted with
5 y- Therefore, all Medicines of a fweet
lajtewQ agreeable in Tafie, Temper, and
JAgefiion to Animal Bodies; and all thofe
Tw, which are of a lower Digeftion
than Sweets, are, in refped: of the Humors
or an Animal, crude and cooling; as Ear-
thy Watry, and Mucilaginous Tafies •
which are therefore ufed in the too high
Fermentation of the Blood. Thofe
w lichhave a higher Digeftion than Sweet
3ie alio of a higher Digeflion than the Na¬
tural Temper of Animal Humors, and are
therefore Heat.ing, Opening, Cordial, a s Bit-
te[\ -Acrid, Aromatick Tafies; and Caufiicks
which have the higheft excefs above fweet
2 aftes, and confequently above Animal Hu¬
mors,are therefore Corrolive and Poyfonous
to them. f *
';
Plants do not only confifl of fome cer¬
tain Principles, but they receive alfo a dif-
ferent Digeibon and Fermentation in each
Plant; which is very manifeft in the Fruits
of Plants • which at the fir ft tafte Acerb,
and afterwards become Sweet and Sul-acid)
and in thofe Seeds, which whilft unripe
. F l tafte
 -

Part i. flDf Caflc0 in general. ■73

■ )
*>

tafte Auftere, but afterwards become Sweet

Oyly. This particular Digeftion in Plants^
may be obferved by their feveral Tafiest
and predominant Principles, which pro¬
duce them.

Chap. XIV. \

Of the different Ways of know*

ing the Vert lies of Plants; r

but moft particularly>of the /

,’Natural Method of dedu¬

cing them from the feveral
Modes 0/Tafte, andfrom
Experiments.
’ ALL the Knowledge we have of A7^-
A\ ture, is grounded on our Senfes •
' — '** they firft inform us of certain
Qualities produc’d by their Obje&s ,* into
• whofe Natures we afterwards enquire, by
trying Experiments about thofe fenfible
Qualities; and alfo, by examining the Prin¬
ciples which produce them. - •
; '*• I have

\
 2>f Cate in general. Part i.
I have mentibn’d the Principles on which
Taftes depend • and thofe Vertues which all
Authors allow them upon the Account of
that Dependence. no. & :t LnS
/ | - » .j.
v .-^1 T'.-7fWw

This Knowledge of the Vertues ofPlants,

by their Taft?, is much improved by di¬
vers Experiments made about particular
Taftes; which I will mention; and alfo,
thofe Vertues which are known by the
Modes of Taftes. But I will firft take no¬
tice of fome other more general Hints of
the Vertues of Plants, we have from
other Senfes. Nature feems to have been
very much follicitous for our Knowledge
of the Vertues of Plants, by expofing them
to fo many of our Senfes. §
By the Touch we feel Mucilages, and the
Gumminefs of Turpentine Plants, and the
Watcrilhnefs of all Joyces, and the Acri¬
mony of the Veftcatory. By the Eye we
obferve the Signatures of Plants; in which
Nature has given us an Hint of enquiring
farther into their Natures, for Remedies in
particular Diftempers; and therefore, the
Chara&er of fome Difeafes is fixt on the
Plant: Pulmonaria has the Marks of cor¬
rupted LungSf. Scrophularia, Chelidonium
minus, and Faharia, have knobbed Roots
like the Piles. Spots are obferv’d in Aron,
Part i. Cate in general. 7s
and Dragon-Leaves, like thofe in Scorbutick
PeHons. .
Other Plants referable the External Caufe
of a Diftemper; as the Stalks of Dragons
do the Skin of a Serpent; the Roots of
Doronicum, and the Tops of Echium, re-
femble a Scorpion; againft whofe Venom
they are us’d.
Where Diftempers have no outward Fi¬
gure, there the Plant bears the Figure of
the Part affe&ed. So Nutmegs, Walnuts,
Poppy-heads, and Peony, have fome Refem-
blance of the Head of Animals, and are ufe-
ful in different Diftempers of it.
The Eye alfo obferves the Likenefs of the
Yellow Colour in Saffron, Turmerick, Ce¬
landine-Roots, and the Gall of an Animal.
The Likenefs of (limy Mucilages to many
Glandulous Humors, is obvious; and the
Colour and Smell of TJrine in Lixiviums, is
manifeft.

I have already deferibed the Similitude

betwixt the Taftes of Medicines, and Ani¬
mal Humors; by which the Friendly Spe-
cifichs may be known.
I have aHo given an Account of the dif¬
ferent Smells of Plants, and the Vertues in¬
timated by them.

I will
 ▼

S>f Cate in general. Part i.

I will now confider the different Modes
of Tajles; from whence we learn what fort
of Afled'ions Plants will produce in our
Bodies* and alfothofe which are produc’d
externally : For as the Tongue is affeded
by the Tfie, fo are the Parts and Humors
of an Animal, by the lame Plant, when us’d
for a Medicine. But, befides thefe Vertues
known by the Modes of Tajle, other Ver¬
tues are proved by Experiments; which
we could never have inferr’d to have be¬
long d to a particular Tajle, by any Modes
of it: And therefore, though we know
the particular Tajles of Plants, and the
Compofition of them; yet we cannot know
what Vertues may belong to them by that
Tajle, until we throughly have try’d and
examin’d the Nature and Effeds'of each
particular Tajle; and alfo, what Tajles may
produce in Compofition more than Simple
Tajles.

Acids taile Cool, Sowre, and Pungent, or

Sharp, and a little Rough : From the Coo1-
nefs on the Tongue we inferr, that Acids
will cool the Blood, Choler, hot Salts, and
the Stomach,. and Third ; and that out¬
wardly they will repell and cool Inflam¬
mations.
I
• 4
From
Part i.
~1 ~^
€>t Cafe in general.
■■ ■— .. — 1 -w 1-1 -■■■■ .. .. .
77
From their Pungency we believe them
Aperitive, Penetrating, and alfo cutting
Phlegm.
From their Roughnefs we conclude they
may flop Loofnefles and Haemorrhages, as
Aftringents do, but more weakly.
The Experiments which have further
illuflrated the Efficacy of Acids, are thefe.
The Coagulation of Milk, Choler, and
the Serum of the Blood, ffiews their cool¬
ing Yertue more efficacicuflyi
Acids are contrary to Volatile Salts, and
combine with them into a Mixt Salt; by
which Acids are Diuretick.
Acids joyn’d with Minerals, produce Vi-
triolate Taftes; and the fame Tafte is ob-
fervable in Scorlutick Spittings of Blood
from the Gams: The Blood taftes like
Vitriolum Martis, as I have often found
* - '

it.
A particular Acid, with a Volatile Salt,
(Vhich the Honourable Mr. Boyle menti¬
ons) produces a cool Eftervelcence; from
whence Shivering may be explain’d.
Acids commonly produce hot Eflerve-
fcences; from whence fluffing Heats may
be explain’d, upon the Ufe of Vinegar, in
fbme Perfons.
Acids are contrary to Oyls, and make a
falling Effervefcence with' them; as Oyl of
ftur-

I
 ®f Cate in general_i.
■Turpentine, and Oyl of Vitriol mixt: From
whence we lhall hereafter deduce the Natu¬
ral Heat and Effervefcence of the Blood, and
the Colour of it, and the Separation of the
Fat from it.
Acids are contrary to Melancholick Con-
ftitutions, becaule they abound with A*
cids.
They are-contrary to Cephalick Diftem-
pers, becaule thele require Volatile Saks
to cure them.
They corrode the Teeth, make the U-
rine lharp, caufe all Obftructions ,• and
therefore, there is no pure Acid found in
any Humors of Animals: For the Acids
are either joyn’d to the Salts, or Oyls of
Animals. Of thefe I lhall lay more in the
Account of the Original of Animal Hu¬
mors, and their Tafies.
To thole, many other Experiments may
be added out of Chymical Authors, to Ihew
many yet-unknown Properties of Acids • as
their Concurrence in the Production of
Volatile and Fixt Salts, and the Part they
have in Aurum Fulm'tnans, and Gun-Pow¬
der : All which Experiments are applica¬
ble to fome Alterations made by Adds in
Animals. ~ : tM

Ajlringents tafte Rough, Cool, and con¬

tract
Parti. flDf €at!c0 in general.
trad: the Lips; and they have the fame
Effed on the other Parts.

Loofe Teeth, heals Wounds, and cicatrizes

Ulcers; repels outwardly; and, by con-
trading the Fibresy {Lengthens them both
outwardly and inwardly.
By the fame Roughnefs, and cool T<*Jk>
the Humors are contraded, thickned, and
cooled; and therefore, Aftringents flop
Loofnefles, and Hemorrhages, as well by
the Contradion of fermenting Humors, as
by {Lengthening the Fibres.
The other Etfeds of Aftringents, may
be deduced from this Roughnefs, though
at ftrft they were difeoverej by Experi¬
ments. So Feavers have been curd by A*
^ 4 /• Pi A—V 1 • • %

re-
mention d: And becaufe we find that
Galls, which have a rough Tafte, will al¬
ter the Texture of Chalybeat Liquors, we
believe by this Effed we may illuflrate the
Operation of Stypicks, in curing of Fevers;
which Effed we could not clearly deduce
from the contrading Tafte.
i
i — *

affed the Tafte but little; lo that, from

thence we cannot barn much of their Ver-
tues, more than to dry and imbibe Humi¬
dity, * J
.w

Cato in general. Part i.

dity, and thicken the Blood, and outward*
ly to dry Ulcers. *:■■■.
But by Experiments we learn, that Ear-
thy Particles abforbe Acids * and both com*
pound either a Salt of an Aluminous, Ni¬
trous, or Vitriol Tajle, or Corrofive Sul*
phurs; as Ihall hereafter be particularly
mention’d.
. ^ . ,
* r
-•

Tajles are cool, and moiften the

Tongue,* for which Qualities we ule them
in Medicines.
* - • « * *r»
.j 4,. .«

Mucilage taftes Smooth, Cool, Slimy,

and Watry. It therefore fmooths the Rough-
nefs. and Drynefs of the Throat in Catarrhs,
abates the Sharpnefs of Urine, cools and’
thickens all fliarp Humors, and outward¬
ly allays Heat, Roughnefs, and all Inflam¬
mations in any Part, and the hot Rheums
. in the Eyes.

Oyl differs from Mucilage, by being more

hot; and therefore digefting, and Anodyne,
by the gentle Heat outwardly. *
Oyl lenifies fliarp Humors, and inwardly
defends the Gutts by a Sliminefs, from the
Acrimony of Payfens.
The Sharpnefs to the Eyes, the Naufe-
oufhds to.the Stomachy the not Mixing
• ' with
 Part i. fl)f Catieg in general

with Water, and • Coagulation by Acids

and the yielding fome Acid m Diflillation*
are Effects which (with many others) are
only known by Experiment, though appli¬
cable to Animals.
i

t Bitters fire unpleafant to the Tajle, and

inclining to an Acrimony; whence they
are accounted hot: Their other Affections
E of the Palat are not very evident; but be-
« caufe they deterge Vlcers outwardly, they
are efteem’d of a deterging Tajle: For Ga-
T len fays, Bitters are the fame as Nitrofe
| Tajles, but ft ranger; -and from: the clean-
| fmg Nature of Nitre, Bitters are faid to de-
i terge the Palat, and cleanfe the Stomach
d and, Liver.
| Becaufe an Aftringent Tafts is joyn’d
. with Bitter, therefore Bitters are of an Ex-
5 afperating Tajle; and by this Roughnefs,
j flrengthen the Fifcera and Fibres.
TheVertues of Bitters in -killing Worms,
, preventing Putrefaction in Fevers and ?Jl~
J cers, their Diuretick and Sudorifick Ver-
’ tue, and their Contrariety to Acids, are the
f Confequences of known Experiments, and
‘ not deducible from the Modes of Tajle.
[ft *■ f ^
* * i,
V - '‘If ' / A * p 'j *-t

j -.Jdaufeons Tajles immediately indicate a

[ Purging or Vomiting Quality; and are ge-
l G neraily
 £>f cate in general. Part i.
nerally Bitter-Sweet or Bitter-Slimy, by
which we perceive when the tongue is con-
trarily affeded ; and by the fame Objed
an utipleafant Tajle is produced.

Acrid fafies are Penetrant and Pungent,

and bite and heat the Mouth: They there¬
fore heat and rarefie thick Humors, and the
Blood and Chyle, and open Obftrudions;
outwardly they difeufs Tumors, and draw
in Plafters.
By Experience thefe are known to cor-
reft Acids, and coagulate with them into
a Mixt Salt, which is Diuretick and Su-
dorifick • and, by corroding the Acids of
the Spleen and Nerves, become Antifcor-
butick and Cephalick.
\

Caujlick Tajles veficate both the Tongue,

and outward Skin, and Vomit and Purge.
.1 v

Sweet Tajles have a grateful Oyly

Smoothneis, by which they lenifie Coughs •
and are outwardly digefting, by their Mo¬
derate Heat. They are no lefs grateful to
the Stomach, than pleafmg to the Valat.
That Sweet will become Bitter, we know
only by Experiment; and by the fame we
know, that all very Sweet Things are hot,
'and that they are Laxative.
Aroma-
 Part i.—————
Of In general.
~ " " ■■
8*
> 1 " 1 11 ¥ 1V

Aromatick Taftes are Acrid, and Pleafino-

to the Tafte and Smell; therefore by their
Acrimony they rarefie the Blood, open Ob-
ftrudions, pleafe the Stomach and Spirits;
and therefore are Cordial, Stomaehick, and
Cephaiick; and, alfo, outwardly comfort
and ffrengthen Weak Parts, by their
agreeable Heat.

I I have fet dowrn thefe known Modes of

each Tafte; and fhewn, that by their means
1 ,
we know, that Earthy Watry, Acid, and
j Mucilaginous, are cool Taftes, and cool the
Animal Humors ; and have alfo other F.i-
* feds, which depend not on Coolnefs:
* And I have alfo demonflrated, that Bit¬
,
ters, Aromaticks Acrids, and Caufticks, are
hot Taftes, and have hot Effeds on Ani-
| mats.
f From the fame Modes of Taftes, and
from Experiments made on Particular
j taftes, we may examine all Compound
it Taftes: But we muft confider; as Colours
I mixt are a different Colour from the Sim-
)i pie Colours; fo it is in Taftes Compound ,
* as appears in Bitter-Sweet, and Bitter-Sli-
I my j neither of which, alone, are Naff

i . * ’ /

I
f
 €>f catted in general. Part i.
I

Chap. XV. I

Of the Degrees of Tafte.

G ’ * v * 4

ALEN makes Four Degrees or

the Vertues of Plants, reducing
^ *■

them to Hot, Cold, Moift, and Dry.

i. That is Hot in the Fir ft Degree,

which does not evidently heat, but we find
it by fome Reafon- about the Nature of it.
41

z. Thofe that manifeftly heat, are of

the Second Order.

3. Thofe which vehemently heat, are of

the Third Order. < - ;i

4. Thofe which burn, or induce an E-

fchar, are of the Fourth Degree.

But feeing the Vertues of Plants are fo

evidently deduced from their Tajles, and
thofe Tajles fo well experimented by ma¬
ny Chymical Diftillations and Mixtures;
and fince the Nature of the Humors of the
Body, and all Difeafes, have been better
• ■ . „ obfervkl
 »

Part i. €>f Caffes in general.

obferv’d than in Galen s Time; I have not
confin’d my felf, in defcribing the Natures
of Plants to Hot, Cold, Dry, or Moift ;
but have added all the Compofitions of
taftes, and fenfible Efied-s of their Modes;
whereby I might particularly exprefs the
Nature of each Plant: And according to =
the experimented Vertues or "Taftes, I have
added thofe which belong to each Parti¬
cular ; and, I think, 1 need add no more,
but the feveral Degrees of tafte; which
may mod eafily be underftood, and which
may have a different Degree of Vertue.
I therefore have obferv’d Three Degrees
in taftes: As for Inftance •
/
'
r if

In Bitters the Fir ft Degree is a little Bit¬

ter or Bitterifb ; which does but juft fen-
fibly affedt the tafte; and therefore have
the lowed Degree of Vertue, as Bitter.
* ‘ *

The Second Degree is Bitter alfolutely«

which confiderabty affedts the tafte, and
is of a Moderate Bitternefs.
a

j The Third Degree is very Bitter; which

much offends the taftei and has the high-
eft Degree of Bitters.

The fame Degrees are obfervable in A-

G 3 cid 9
cid, Sweet, Mucilaginous, Acrid.’ Aromatick,
Watry\ and Earthy Tafles. •
By thefe Degrees of Tafies, we exprefs
that a little of a Tafie, or a moderate De¬
gree of or elfe a greater Quantity
of each Tafie, is to be found in each par¬
ticular Compound Tafie of a Plant.
✓X* * .* f f —v % •* ' . » • .

Note, That Acrid is theCaufe of Biting

and Heat; and therefore, I have us’d them
in the SECOND PART, as Equiva¬
lent Terms.
*- * r f * !i • t * ft' * r. f »
ft * ... .. »

*
t-

. 1

I
Part 1T. 87

**♦♦♦***♦****♦ * #$

Phytological Eflay, 5sY.

5Cfjc 5>econo patt.

*»»*,

/
THE

Taftes and Vertues

OF 1

Spontaneous Englijh Vlants\

A,
H E Firr-Tree. The Bark and Abies.
Leaves are Bitterifh, Rough,
and have a Turpentine Tafie
K and Smell. It is a good Vul-
nerary and therefore works, as Turpen-
tiney by Vrine in the Stone and Scurvy.
G 4 The
 ctie Caftes attt) Clertues of
' V— .• _ , . * ' . : . ./v;% ..
Part
••
n.
The Leaves are moft Rough in tafte^
and therefore moft Vulnerary. This is
to be referred to the turpentine Clafs.
The Young Leaves of Firr and Fine are
\
Souriili and Rough. \

Abrota- . Southernwood is of a very Bitter, Acrid,

num. Hot tafte and Strong SmelL Outward¬ 7

ly it is good againft Convulsions and Pal-

Jtes. In its Bitter, Acrid tajle, and Fetid-
nets', it feems to refembl© Sea-Wormwood^
and to belong to the fame kind. It hath
fomething Aromatick in the Smell, like
Chamcemel. -
i-
. .- rt ■’ * «■ *• a
•"

,
-
K*r ♦ * (I
'

Abfmthi- Common Wormwood is very Bitter A-

um Com- crid, and Hot in tafte, with a grateful
rnune-, Smell. As it has a Bitter and Acrid t.afie,
it cleanfes the Stomachy and excites Appei-*
titey provokes Ztrme, and opens the Li¬
ver • therefore it is good in the faun-
dice and Dropfie. By the afore-mention d
Qualities, it outwardly difcufles tumors,
inwardly kills Worms, and is good in long’
tertians, by rectifying the Acidities ift
the Cholerick Blood. .i
The Roots are not Bitter, but Sweet,
.Aromatick, and Hot, like Chervil* and"
are Diuretick, Carminative, and Stoma-
chick. Dr. Grew fays, There is a tur-
pentine
 pentine in' Wormwood-Roots, and alfo an
Afirin^ency in Wormwood, and inwall ftrong
Bitters. ; ' '

Sea-Wormwood hath a lefs Bitternels, Abfii^hi-

but more unpleafant; of the fame Ver- um Seri-
tue as the former, but weaker. ; phium;

The Sycomore-Tree: The Bark is a Acer ma~

little Mucilaginous, Bitter, and Rough; ius» s.yca-
t the Juyce which runs upon Tapping, is morus*
I Sweet, Naufeous, and Aftringent; the
!■ Leaves tafte very Rough ; the Vertue
lies in the Aftringency, with a little Bit-'
ternefs. ! * ; ’ ■

Common Maple: Its Bark is very Rough Acer mi-

/ and Bitterilh • the Vertue depends upon nus*
A fVrlnrrpnr'Ar
 I

1 90 Cbe Cato anD oectues of ParTu.

—~—a.—...— , ,■ —__.

Acetofella. , Wood-Sorrel is the lame: If the Juyce

be thicken’d, the Cryflals that fettle in
the Bottom, tafle like Cream of Tartar,
Gritty arid Sowre.
' • -

Acetofa The Sheep-Sorrel\ and Acetofa Rotundi-

Lanceolatafolia, have the fame Tafie and Vertue.

A duos. Wild Bafil tafles Bitterifh and Sub-

acrid, with an Aromatick Smell: It is a
Cephalick by that Tafle and Smell.
... yJ
1 * v- • / ■ i :

Acorns ve- . The Aromatick Reed: The Root tafles

rus/eu Ca- Bitterilh, with an Aromatick Tafle and
lamus Aro- Smell, by which it difcuffes Wind. It is
maticus. Cordial, and provokes TJrine, and works
as an Aromatick. It favours fomething of
a Balfamick Turpentine.
• ■ ■ X. • * t
' -A ..IhA t , >

% 4 ■ • ./r* v *

Adianthum Wall-Rue is Sweet-Aflringent, like the

album. Ferns • by which it is a Splenetick, check¬
ing the Fermentation of the Blood; and
it’s a Vulnerary for the Lungs and Kid-

Adianthum Golden Maiden-Hair is Aflringent, like

aureum the ftm; with an.Earthy Smell,by which
minus. Mojfes and Ferns differ mofl, being of a
very like Nature.

Holly
 Part ii. ©pontaneou0 ^nglid) plants. 91
Holly-Tree : The Bark taftes Mucila- Agrifolium
ginous, a little Biting, and Bitterilh: The
Leaves are Bitterilh; by which it doth
good in the Colicky if boy I’d in Pofiet-
Drink. Holly hath an Acrid in it, joyn’d
with Bitterilh, and a Mucilage; therefore,
the diltilfd Water may help the Stone.

1 Red Berries of Holly-Tree tafle Sweet, Agrifolii

1 BitteriHi, Acrid, and Mucilaginous ; by Bacca?.
which they are Purgative.

i Acrimony is moderately Bitter, Sub- Agrimonia

( acricf and Aftringent, with an Aromatick vulgar.
i Smell: By its Bitternefs, it’s good for the
i) Stomach, and Obftrud:ions of the Liver ;
f[ by its Altringency, it is Vulnerary • and
' by its Aromatick Smell, is Cordial: Its
Aflringency makes it good for flopping
| involuntary Pilling; and its Bitternefs
j corrects the Acidity of the TJrine, which
^ llimulates too much.
jj.
Vervain-Mallow is Mucilaginous, like Alcea vul-
Common Mallows, and of the fame Vertues. gar.
»/•'
, Ladies Mantle is moderately Aflrin- Alchimilla
j gent, without any Heat; by which Qua-vulgar.
jc lity it’s good in all Flaxes of Blood, and
in Wounds,
 c^c €aflg0 am? ^ertueg of Part it
Alliarm. Jack by the Hedge: Its Smell is Rank?
like Garlick • and it is Bitterilh and Acrid
in irs Tajle: Its Vertues are like thofe of
Garlicky and are good for the Cough. It
is Dluretick, and refills Infe&ion; and is
good in Sawces. It is outwardly irfd in
' Gangreens, and fordid Vleers\ in the form
of an Oyntment. . ]
'

* T S» V Mi { ■ M

Allium Ur- Ramfins: They fimell like Leeks, and

liram their Tajle is the fame .* The Roots re*
femble Leeks. They are very Mucilagi¬
nous and Acrid, with a Garllck Smell, and
of the fame Vertue as Leeks.
» r ' T 'a 6 * t

Hi vul- Common-Alder :: The Bark is Aftriii-

sir gent, and a little Bitter: The Leaves are
of the fame Tajle^ but lefs ftrong, and
feel Gummy..

Ni- Black-Elder: The Bark is Bitter and

ra Bacci- Slimy; the Berries Sweet, Bitter, and Mu¬
fera*
cilaginous; the Leav es are Mucilaginous,
and Bitterilh .• They all Purge and Vo¬
mit. Outwardly the Bark is good for
the Itch in Oyntments, by its Mucilagi¬
nous Bitternels.

Alfme Te- chickweed: Its Tajle is Watry, Crude,

miifoUa. ancj fecjs Mucilaginous: It therefore cools
Inflammations. Speed-
 4

Part ii. epontaneous Cttglifl) plants. 9%

. Speedwell-Chickweed is Bitterifli-Aftrin- Alfine Fo~

gent; and therefore no Chickweed; but, his Vero-
by its Tajte, is a Vulnerary. n’ca?i
IN . .. x ■* #
* , V * « , ■ v

« w / .r$ ,

Marjh-Mallow Roots, Leaves, Flowers, Althea

and Seeds are very Mucilaginous: Whence vulgar,
it is good in Deccxftions for the Stone
and Cough; as alfo is the Syrup. Out¬
wardly it mollifies and allays Pains: It is
j put into Baths and Cataplajms; and is an
1 Emollient. The Mucilage is good for
. Chops in the Breaft, and Pains by Vefi-
j catories.

Brook-lime is a little Acrid, with much Anagallis

I Waterifimefs, and great Aftringency: By Aqu. feu
j which Tafles it Hops Bleeding, cools the Becabun-
j Inflammations of the Blood; and is good §a>
for the Scurvy, by its pungent Parts.

Male-Tmpernell: It taftes like Sorrel; Anagallis

1 and afterwards it heats and bites, by itsmas hore
1 Acrimony. This Acrid-Acid is good in Phcenicco.
t Teftilential Waters; by its Acrimony it
! provokes Sweat, and by its Acidity, V-
1 fine.
t
'_ Tmpernell with Tellow Flowers, fmells Anagallis
like Sorrel when rubb’d, and taftes Rough Lutea,
I and Aftringent; therefore a good Vul-
j nerary. Tutfan.
I
 f

94 Cl)t Caflgg ant) Glttims Of Part II.

Androfa?- Tutfan, or Park-Leaves, hath a flrong

mum vul- Turpentine Smell; the Tafie is a little
^ar* Sowre-Aflringent, and Bitterilh: There¬
fore it is an excellent Vulnerary, and Diu-
retick; and though the Turpentine is in
the Smell very much, yet it tafles but a
little Bitter.
^ r ' I

Anemone Wood-Crowfoot is very Acrid, or Cau-

Nemorum. flick; flies up into the Nofe, if rubb’d:
Is a fort of Ranunculus, and Bitterilh.
The Root of the Garden-Anemone tafles
Watry, Sweet-Acrid, and a little Slimy.
i *

* y

Angelica Angelica the Lejfer, or Gout-wort, fmells

minor feu like Angelica, and tafles like it, but no-
Podagraria thing fo flrong: It hath the fame Ver-
tues in a lower Degree. It is called Poda-
graria, from its knobbed Joynts on the
Roots, rather than from any Vertue for
the Gout.

Angelica Wild Angelica is Sweet, Bitterilh, and

Sylveftris. Aromatick; like the Garden fort in Tafie
and Vertue; but not fo flrong. f 1
* f *

AnonisSpi- Common Reft-Harrow, with Purplijh

nola flo. Flowers.- The Roots and Leaves have a
Purpureo. pea-Tafte, Sweet and Mucilaginous ,• the
Leaves feel clapimy,and fmell flrong. The
W ' ^
 Part II. spontaneous englitfc plants, 95r
Vertues are from the Mucilage, good for '
die Stone; and from its ftrong Smell, Diu-
retick and Aperitive.

Kidney-Vetch hath a fweet Pea-Tafle, Anthyllis

I . and a little Bitter; being rubbed, it fmells Legumi-
rank Oyly; and therefore is accounted no^a*
Vulnerary.
I
) Snap-Dragon taftes Bitterilli and Mud- Antirrhi-
laginous, with an Elder-SmtM : So thatnum*
f it is Difcutient, Anodyne, and Emollient,
I *
like Linaria,* and of the fame Virtues.

It Clivers hath a Hot, Acrid, Bitterilli and Aparine

t; Sub-Aftringent Tafte • and therefore is a Vulgaris.
I good Diuretick, either boyfd in White-
i Wine, or its Juice, or Powder, or diftilfd
| Water. Outwardly applied with Hoggs-
.j greafe, it may difcufs Scrophulom Tumors.
I
It is a Madder. / * 1 ■ i \

1 -
V ‘

J . Wild-Smallage is like the Garden fort, Apiutu.

$ in Tafte and Vertue; Bitterilli, Sweet,
Hot, and Aromatick in the Root, Seeds
and Leaves: It is therefore Carminative,'
i Diuretick, and a good Aperitive. Smal-
i lage has a Bitterillinels in the Leaves and '
Roots, which makes it ungrateful.
; 1
I Colum-
 Cl)t Cato ano Mrrtuejsr of Part II.

Aquilegia . Columbines: The Leaves and Flowers

Sylveftris. tafl;e Bitterifh-Sweet; the Roots areWa-
terilh, and a little Bitter, and Sub-acrid.
It is therefore a temperate Plant, rather
Hot than Cold. The Roots are Diure-
1 \

tick; the Leaves are ufed in Gargles for

Sore-Mouths. Columbine is of the Pea-
Tribe.
‘ __ ^

Atgemone. Baflard-Poppy is of an Qpiate Smell; in

Tafle, Mucilaginous: It is Opiate, as Pa-
paver Rhoeas. I
. \

Argentina. Wild-Tanjie: The Leaves are Rough-

Aflringent, and dry ,* the Roots Bitter-A-
ftringent, like Cinquefoyl. It flops Fluxes,
and Hemorrhages; and is Vulnerary and
Antifebrile, by the Bitteriih Roughnefs.

Armeria Deptford-Pink: If rubbed, it fmells

Sylveftris. Sweet, tafles Sweet-Bitter, and is naufe-
oufly Bitter - Aflringent, like Garden-
- Pinks in Tafle.
4 f

Armerius Meadow-Pink , or Wild-Williams, is

Pratenfis. Waterilh and crude like the Lychnis.

Artemifia Mugwort tafles Bitteriih and Aroma-

Vulg. . tick, with an Aromatick Smell: It is Ce-
phalick and Uterine. It is inwardly ufed
in

v
 Part if; spontaneous fogiit&i giants. 97
in Syrup of the Juyce, in Water for Fits of
the Mother, and driving out the Mettfes,
but it doth that weakly. Outwardly it is
ufed in warm Baths: The Smell refembles
Wormwood and is of that kind.

Wake-Rohin: It is Strongly Acrid, Pun- Arum vut-

gerit, and Veficating tne Palate andgare.
Tongue', by its Volatile Salt • it is not
perceived till after fome time. By that
Salt, it is good for the Scurvy• it is Diu-
reticky Antifpleneticky Petloraly and Cepha-
lick; the Salt flies away being long Pow¬
dered. The Red-Berries are Biting and
Slimy. The Leaves rubbed have no con¬
siderable Smell, in refpebt of their Acri¬
mony: Vinegar corrects the Acrimony,
arid therefore the Acrimony is Saline\
and not Oleom : But the Pouches (link ve¬
ry naufeou fly, which ftink depends upon
an Oyl and Salt.
^ » *• f \

St. Peters-wort fmells arid taftes f like Afcyrum

St. Johns-wort) ot Turpentine, and is Bitter- vulgare.
ilh and Aflringent j- arid therefore is Vul¬
nerary. -

Afparagus: The Roots have a iW-taifc, Afparagus,

Bitterifh, Watry, and Acrid; which, as in
other Diureticks, a debts the Throat, and
Hk •' , there*'
s>8 cljt Cato anti cHertueg of Part 11.
therefore it is a grea t Diuretick,andOpener
of Obftrucfions. - -The Graftie Leaves of
'Ajparagus, have a Pea-tafte, and if rub¬
bed, they finfll; like Peafcods : The Fsetor
they give to the Vrine, proceeds from an
> Oylinefs * which is obfervable in many
of the Pea^taftes: to which Feetor alio
the Acrid hot parts of the Jfparagus,
which are perceptible in eating of green
Sparagrafs, by burning the Throat, do
much conduce: The Berries have a lweet
Tafte. ■

V .
* , T • ' • 4 y 5 * t ± „ ■ 4

Afpemla. Woodroof is Bitter and Acrid, with a

Fragrant Smell : It’s therefore a good
opening Hepatick; and by its Tafte and
Smell, appears to be a Madder. The Fra-
grancy of it argues a Cordial Vertue. It
is ufually infufed in Beer, or diftilleci
f V v '• " — W *— ^JX

Afplenium. Ceterach is fweet and rough like other

Ferns, good againft Fluxes, and Bleeding,
' and Splener/ck Fermentations of the Blood,
by its rough Aftringency. There is an
obfeure Acrimony in all Ferns, by which
they are Aperitive.
* % t >

Atriolex Wild Orach: The Root, Leaves, and

Sylveftris. Seeds are Mucilaginous, and of a crude
Fetid Scent. Outwardly in Fomentations / r S

/ 1
 I

» - — — ■ X * ,
*■ ■ .—.— ,1_. _

Part ii. epontanroug Cnrrltcb piantg. 99

and in Clyfiers, its Emollient, Cooling,
and Anodyne: It feems not proper for
inward u(e by its ungrateful Smell, and
naufeous Mucilage.

Stinking Orach tafles Mucilaginous, A triplex

and is Fetid in Smell, by which it is An- Olida.

Oats: The Green-Corn talles fweet and avena,

crude; the Oats are Mucilaginous-fweet.
. ' ^

Moufe-Ear is B.ttenfh and Allringent, Auricula

therefore good in Fits of Agues, and in Muris feu
Fluxes; and is a Vulnerary: It may be re- Glofella.
ferred to the Hawk-weeds. Outwardly,
by the Altringency, it cures the Herpes.
It Tafles of an ill Fully Tafle towards ,
Winter, by lying near the Ground.

4, .* «r

linking Herehound is of a Dead- Eallbt^'"

Nettle, flrong, {linking Smell, and ."
. very Bitter in Tafle • by which
!/ • f. Antihjflerick •> an(i Antihypocon-
18

diiack; and outwardly clean fing in ?Jl-

cers It is a little Acrid, and belongs' to
the Lmim-CMs. _ ; '
H z Winter™
W-r~
ICO
■SOI**1
■t s ant. (3:rtue0 of Part n.
Barbarca _ ? VinieeCreffes is of a Crr/r-Tafte and
lutea Lati- %rerpue : It clcanfes Vices outwardly,
icL
by its CreJTPungency,

Bardana Great Burdock: The Root tafles Watty,

major. Slimy, Bitterilh, and Smoaky; by which
it is Diuretick, and good in the Gout,
Stent, and Cough. The Seed is Bitter,
and of the fame Vertue with the Root:
The Leaves are very Bitter, like Carduus
Benedict us, and may beufed for Sweating
and Vomiting, inftead of it. This Plant,
by its Prickly head, and Purple Flower,
is like to the Carduus kind, as well as by
the fmoaky Talle, and Bitterilh Slime.

Behen A l- Spatling Poppy has a crude TaRe and

burn. Smell, "like other Lychnis's j and is of the
fame Vertue.
I
i

, / r \y

Kellis ma- Great Dafie: The whole Plant is fweet

jor. like Lh[uorijh, and therefore of the fame
Vertue in Coughs; it is alfo a little Pun¬
gent (difcernible mod in the Stalk.)
This Acrid makes it uleful in an Ortho-
pnaea. I ufe it as Thea, and fweeten it 4
with Syrup of the Juice of Horehound.
The fweet Smell of it is Fragrant, like-
Erigerum, and the Leaves referable it • A
but in Tafte it is moft like Rampions.
\ .... Link
 (

Part n. spontaneous CngiiOj plants, ioi

Little Dafie: The Leaves and Roots Beilis mi-
are Acid; and therefore are Cooling andnor*
Diuretick, when boyfd in Broth for
Children. I took three fpoonliils of the
Juyce of the Leaves, for divers Mornings, .■
and found no Purging quality in it. I
judge it is of the Sorrel-Speclcs and Ver-
tue; and I think the Juyce is proper for
spitting of Blood ; but do, not think it
properly Vulnerary, tho’ Authors call it
Confolida minor. The tafte of the Root
is Bitteriih and Pungent-acid ,♦ wherefore'
the Acidity in Daftes is like the Pungent
Acidity of Vinegary and then it may be
accounted a Sorrel: Or elfe it hath an A-
crimony joyned with the Acid, like Rofa
Solis; for it doth a little blifter, though
without Heat.
ja'^J {*: • ) fi *u 1

Water-Betony is naufeoufly Bitter, and Betonica

of an Elder Smell; it has the Tafte and Aquatica.
Vertues of Scrophtdaria • It is mod; tiled
in Oyntments, for Tumors, Burns, and
Vlcers.
v
• V ' * 'r\ •his' * ft-
j. Jt „ . i. 1/ y. J ..5 > _ _ • .1

Wood-Betony is Bitteriih, and a little Betonica

Hot, with an Aromatick Smell, but Come- vulgaris,
what refembling the Lamiums. By the
Tafte and Smell it is Cephalick, Diuretick,
Peiloral and Vulnerary. It is tiled in
H 3 Powder,
 IOZ

Powder, Juyce, and Conferve of the

Flowers. The Roots are very Ritter, like
Peach-Kernels, and may caule Vomiting
or Purging. It feems to belong to the
Lamiurh - Clafs , the Root tafting like
Kerajam-Koot.
* * \
. S ■ *. * M ? ^ l **14
■
>
■
V#'
y

' x *y»
IT
y'
t ■
>. . I —I
■ • • ,
Ai
j
y

Betula.
v. ;•*
The Birch-Tree : The Bark is very
Rough and Bitter, and fo may be Vulne¬
rary ; and as Rich, will abb inwardly : It
will make a good Extrabb. The Leaves
are Mealy, Mucilaginous, and a little Bit¬
ter, and lb may be good in Baths for the
Itch. They fmell a little Sweet; the frelh
Joyce of the wounded Tree is Sweet,
which will turn Sowre: It will make a
good Wine for the Stone with Spices.
The crude Juyce is too raw for the Sto¬
mach : If it be Diftilled or Brewed with
Malt,1 it may
J
be good
O
for Hetticks.

Bifolium
r
Iiray-Blade: The Tafle is Sweet, Mu¬
*

Sylveftre. cilaginous, and a little Acrid or Biting.

It is probably of the Orchis land: Its
Vertue lyes in the Mucilage, or Acrid
Biting; by both which it may be out¬
wardly Emollient,and inwardly Diuretick.

Biftorta Rijlort: The Root is rough, and bit-

vulgaris. terilh like Sorrel; and therefore flops
Fluxes;
 I

Part ii. Spontaneous Cnglifl) plants. 103

Fluxes, abates Prasternatural Fermentati¬

ons, and lo is Alexipharmack, and not Su-
dorifick; but it abates too much Sweat¬
ing, as well as Adds The Leaves are
Crude and Mucilaginous. It feems a kind
of Sorrel. -!
(1 .:}■ i. • 'if • • ■ *

is Mucilaginous, and Crude in Blitum mi-

Tafte; therefore its Vertue is Cooling nus album,
and Mucilaginous ; of the nature of
Beets or Atriplex. ‘
l; • - / v • ■ . f ;ii"i i

Englifh Mercury: It’s i$$/*re/-tafl:ed in Bonus

the Roots, Leaves and Seeds, exafperating Henricus.
or corroding the Throat: The Leaves
are alio Mucilaginous, and of a Grady
Smell: It is therefore accounted Emolli¬
ent ; and its Acid outwardly cools Inflam¬
mations. It has Sandy, Globular parts
on the backfide of the Leaves; which
may work as Tedaceous Powders, and .
be Diuretick. The exafperating Quality
may irritate in a Peffus, and make it Laxa¬
tive in Clyjlers, as well as its Mucilage;
^ 1 ^ ^ is its Diuretick Quali¬
ty. I think it like Atriplex or Beets:
It is good for Warts outwardly; and dif-
cufles in Cataplafms, as appears by the
burning Quality in the Throat.
Mr. Ray fays, The Root is Acrid and
Bitter. H 4 * White
 /

i°4 Cut Cate me Cutties of Part it.

1 ~ 1"1 J '*—-■ ■ - — —- 1 —■ ——> ■ ■■■*■ — m ■.

Bryonia White-Bryony: The Root tafles Sub-

Alba. acrid, very Bitter, and Mucilaginous • and
V

therefore Vomits and Purges, as other Bit¬

ter Mucilages do. Outwardly, by the
fame Qualities, it cures Warts, Struma s,
Pains of the Hips, Bruiles, Pains of the
Sides, and GoutW&ms; and is kid to the
Feet in Cataplafms, for Difiempers of the
Head.
If the Root be dryed, and the Muci¬
lage afterwards drawn out by Infuftng in
Wine, and then again dryed, it Purges
and Vomits much lets. Mr. Ray.
The Leaves of Bryony have the lame
Tafle and Vertue; and fome have ufed
the Decodbion of them for the Stone • but
ten fpoonfuls thereof Purged and Vomited
a Dogg ftrongly. The Red Berries have
a molt abominable Tafte and Smell;
Country-men give them for the Hoofl to
the Cows. The Faculce of the Root are
Purgative; and,as Fetids and Bitters, they
work in Hyjierick Cafes. The Sprouts
boyfd like young Afparagm, I found mofl
naufeous, and not fit to Eat.
The Roots are pounded into a Con¬
serve for Fits * but I cannot believe any
Stomach can hold them.
Bryonia
Nkra. Black-Bryony: The Leaves are Muci¬
laginous,
)

)
'i
 Part ii. ® pontanrous Cnglifl) plants. io?
laginous, Bitterilh, and a little Biting,
and therefore Diuretick; the Root is A-
crid, and ( as a Phyfician told me ) bli¬
tters the Hands. It is as Diuretick, but
not lo Purgative as the White-Bryony.
1 • .
x ■
• - • +* *♦ *’ v •' ‘ <- Ji J. ' /

Small Wild-Buglofs: The Leaves and Bugloflum

Roots are Cool, Watry, and Mucilagi- Sylveftre
nous; in Juyce and in Deco&ion it cools minus.
HeflicksyInflammations Heats, and Thirjl
and Hops Rheums : The Flowers have a
, ,
little Cordial Heat in them, befides their
Watry Mucilage.

Bugle is Bitter and Rough in Talte, BugulaO-

and therefore Vulnerary: I fuppofe itrulea.
may be a Veronica or Lamium. Bugle
Scabiofe, and Sanicley make a good Oynt-
,
ment, with Bores-greafey for Wounds.
P*. V J^ ‘ . »

Earth-Nuts are Sweet, Hot, and Aro- Bulbo ca~

matick, and belong to the /r<?»i/-kind, ftanum.
by Talte and Vertue: The Roots are
Sweet and Mucilaginous; the fweet A-
crimony and Mucilage makes them Di¬
uretick and Venereal.
/ , -1 1 • > *,

Shepherds-Purfe is of a Crefs-Smdl and Burfa pa-

Talte, tho5 in a low degree: The Altrin- ftoris,
gency is but fmall, and deferves not the
Cha-

1,
/
 106 Cbt Cafifg aim aectuts of n-
i-

Parc

Chara<3er of an excellent Aftringent.

t «4f *-S 'V * •$■ * •

* . J« » W4 • «JF Wv A •*»# i

ixus, Box-Tree: The Leaves and Bark are

very Bitter and Rough, therein refembling
Gmiacum by its Tafte • and therefore ufed
in its Read, in drying Decodions. I can¬
not perceive any Narcotick quality in it.
It is given to Horfes for the Botts. Some
account it Antifcorbutick.

tha vulga
fir..

Pe&oral,/ and
A .
Stomachick,/ by J
its Bitter-
nefs and Acrimony ; thereby giving a
quick motion to the Spirits, and alfo heat-

Caltha Pa Marjh-Marigold : The Flowers fmell

luftris. like Lilies; the Leaves are Mucilaginous,
and a little warm or pungent. By its
i‘i ; ! it is a Marigold or rather a

Bell-
Part ii. spontaneous Cnglifl) plants. 107
m ' 1 ""T; "" ■ IJ ^

Bell-flowers; The Leaves are Biting, Campanu-

and lweet like Rampions. la rotundi-
\
folia. .

Baflard-Hemp is Bitterifh, Sub-acrid, Cannabis

and of an Aromatick fmell: It is accoun- Ipuria.
ted a Lamium. ' ■ -
i £ " * ’ J
% . Vt *■*•«<' »*V 4 4).

Hemp is Bitter and Acrid, of a fweet Cannabis

Aromatick Smell, like Agrimony,but more Sativa,
flrong: It is not fit to be taken inwardly;
for by that Smell it produces Giddinefs j
and probably kills Fifh : It has a more
offenfive Smell after it is gathered and
dryed. By its bitter Acrimony it is moft
* . for outward ^ tile in difcufiing and di£
folving Kernels, and eafing Pains. The
Seeds have a Mucilage, and are ufed in
Emulfions, as Diureticks and Openers in
the Jaundice, by the bitter Acrimony and
ftrong Smell. No Diuretick can be an
Anti venereal, as Hemp has been accoun¬
ted ; unlefs it deftroys the Animalcula in
Semine, as it does Worms, and other In-
feds, and Fifties in the River.
An Oyl may be exprefied from the
Seed for Burns.
& t * i . 1 j 4 i . * r- »
* . 1-v -% f •>-'*
*. •• * \ \ ■ f „•* „ D »‘L.

Ladies Smock is a Biting-Acrid, like Cardamine

the Naflurtiums, and of a Crefs-Smett. and
Vcrtue. ;
Mother-
 *

108 Che CaOt0 ano <Uttues of Part n.

Cardiaca. Mother-wart is very Biting and Bitter,
therefore good inHypcchondriackFaintingsy
and /vAr of the Mother, to provoke Vriney
and the Menfes, and to Expellorate: And
it is alfo a Cephalick in Convulfions and
Talfies; but is chiefly an Hepatick, as
Bitter-Acrids are.
The Smell of it is like Dead-Nettle, and
belongs to that Tribe. It is alfo rec¬
koned amongfl; Bezoardicks, for its Bitter-
Acrimony. -,’E
I
/ s ' ' i 4 s * ***" * i
# ' V 1 ' 1

Carduus Thtftles: They taile Watry, Mucila-

vulgaris & ginous, Bitterifli, and Smoaky, by which
Lanceola- they are Diureticks • but alio very nau-
tlls* feous.
(* . + t. * * jr n -y m '

Carduus Ladies-Thiflle: The Leaves are Bit-

Maria?. terilh and Slimy, and may be Eaten boil’d.
The Root is Bitter, Mucilaginous, and
Smoaky; by which it is Diuretick, but
very offenfive; as any other Carduus is
to the Stomach; and therefore may be
Vomitory, a Carduus Bertedittus is.

Carlina. Carline-thiflle: The Roots tafte Bit¬

terifli, and a little Acrid, of a Mithridate
flavor. It may be therefore ufed as an
Alexipharmack, and Hepatick, and Diu¬
i
retick, becaufe of its Bitterilh Acrimony.
It
 «
l

Part n. spontaneous ggnglUft plants. 109

It is Sub-acrid, and a little Aromatick,
mixt with an unpleafant Smell.
• - N "

Avetis: The Leaves are Aftringent, Qiryophyl-

and therefore given before the Fits of a lata vulga-
• Tertian Ague. The Roots fmell and tafte »s*
like Cloves; and are therefore Cordial, Ce-
phalick, Stomachick, and Alexipharmack.
, The Root has alfo an Aftringent Tafte;
and therefore good in Fluxes of the Belly,
and Weaknefs of the Stomach; given in
. Powder, orlnfufion in Wine: the Vertue
j lyes in being an Aromatick Aftringent,
s Bitterifli and Acrid. By the Tafte and
Smell it is a Clove-Gidifloiver.

Chefnut-Tree: The Bark is very Rough, Caftanea.

I and a little Bitter. The Leaves are a lit¬
tle Sowre, Slimy, and Hot; they fmell
J Smoaky. The Bark is ufed as an Aftrin-
• gent in Loofeneffes, and the Whites. The
1 Fruit is Sweet-tafted, fit for Food, with
1 an Aftringency, which lyes in the Skin
of the Fruit. ■ i ^1

1 Hedge-?arfley: The Leaves, Root, and Caucalis.

• Flowers are Hot, Sweet, and Aromatick;
1 and its Tafte and Smell is like Daucits •
and therefore is Diuretick and Carmina¬
tive. . - i
 no Caffeg ano siettueg of Part II.

Centauri- Lejfer-Centaury has a very flrong Bit-

um minus. ter Tafle, like a Peach-Kernel, with an
evident Aflringency, but no Acrimony or
Pungent Heat; therefore it may be ufed
as a good Hepatick, Ztterine, and Anti-
fehrifick, in Extract, Decoction, or Pow¬
der, in the Jaundice, Gout, and Fevers.
Outwardly, it is a cleanfmg Vulnerary
and Cicatrifes. It is not unlike a Bitter
Lychnis. Quaere, Whether there be any
Sweetnefs in Centaury, befides the Bitter >

Cerafiis A- Birds-Cherry: The Bark is naufeoufly

vium race- Bitter and Aflringent, and of a Peach-
m°fa. Kernel-Tafle. The Leaves are of the fame
Tafle and Smell, refemblingthe Leaf of a
Cherry-Tree. The Flowers imell very
Fragrant. ■ -
i

Cerafus Cherry-Tree: The Bark is very Bitter

vulgaris, and Aflringent; but it makes a whiter
Powder than Jefuits Powder; Tile Bark
may be given for the Fits of Convttlfion,
as well as Black-Cherry-Water, which has
the Virtue from its Bitterifhnefs.
Acid-Cherries cool and excite Appetite.
The Sweet nourifh, and may loofen the
Belly. v’’
The Black are Bitterifh; their Water,-
Spirit, and Wine are good for Convulfms.
Cherry-
 Part ii. epontaneou0 ensliflj piant0.
Cherry-Tree Gum is good for Hoarfnef
fesy and Vleerations of the Kidneys, by its
Mucilage. . , • <
Black-Cherry-Tree-Leaves are Bitterifli ^5 4r t

* VI ■

and Mucilaginous.
L *T > !•>>.'

Chervil: The Roots, Leaves, and Seeds Cerefoli-

are Sweet, and fenfibly Hot, Aromatick um Syive-
and Diuretick, Carminative and Pe&oral. ftie&Hor-
Outwardly it is tiled in Fomentations for
the Stone, Colick, and Swelling of the
Breafis : The difhlied Water and Juyce
are moll ufed • the Juyce is good for Ver¬
tigoes.
t

- v ■ * \

Germander taftes very Bitter and Acrid, Chamae-

and fmclls like Hops • it is accounted a drysSyJ-
Diuretick, Splenetick, Hepatick, Vterme ftris-s T ’
Antifehrifck, and Arthritick. It feems ten^IS
referible to the Lamiums by the Smell •
and is Sub-aromatick like Betcny • and
fo are fome of the Lamiums. Outwardly
it is good in Gangreens and fordid Vleers.
\
Chamomile taftes Bitterifh and Acrid * Chains-
3>nd is Ai omatick in Imell • therefore it melum
is chiefly Cephalicky Diuretick, Sudorifcky vulgare,
and Vterine.. Outwardly it is difeuffing.
the Juyce is given before Fits of the Ague
and for pains of the Stomach. The Flow-
. ers
 t

mam>’■'■■■"I■ —■■ ■■ i ————t . .,--- | ^ .. —f .„ -•-■-•-•

in ®)t Cafleg am>Otrtutg of Part a

^ -r ui ' - - -' ’

ers Infilled in White-Wine,taffe Saltilh, and

are ufed for the Stone. Mr. Ray.

Chama?pi- Groundpine taftes very Bitter, and has

tys vulga- a Terebinthinate tafte and fmell: It is
good in Arthritick cafes, by its Bitternels
and Turpentine; and alfo for cleaning of
the Womb by the fame quality j and is
very Diuretick. 1
• * , _ • i /

• • - , — * •

Chelidoni-•
The Greater-Celandine is extrearrtly «r

um ma;us. Bitter and Acrid• by which it is accoun¬

ted good in the jaundice, and 0!fruitions
ofthe Liver: The Juyce is outwardly uled
to the Eyes, but chiefly the Water. By
the fame Quality it is Diuretick and Alexi-
pharmack. Outwardly it is good for
the Herpes; and is a cleanfing V ulnerary. J

Leffer-Celandine taftes Waterilh,Crude,

Chelidoni- and a little Pungent, refembling Scurvy*
sun minus. Grafs; good for Hot Scorbutick Blood,
and Inflamed Piles. The Stalk taftes
Acrid like Ranunculus, rather than Scurvy- j
1 Grafs. The Roots have knobs like Piles; 1
it may be a Ranunculus. Tho’ the Pun¬
gency be very weak, the diftilled Water is
Sub-acrid. Leffer-Celandine outwardly 1
difcufles Scrophtdds. j

Corn-

l
 Part ii. spontaneous Cnglifib Plants. n$
Corn-Marygold: The Leaves are Slimy, Chryfan-
Bitterilh, a little Biting, and of a ftrong thenum
Scent, like common Marygolds. It is a ^eSetum*
naufeous Plant, not fit for inward ufe.
i % f- * r*# s . j „ ‘ fN \

• • * . - * , U i ; U M . JJ*

Succory is Watrifh, Bitter, and Smoaky ,* Cichore-'

by which it cools the Blood, opens the rim Sylve-
Liver in the Jaundice, and Chokrick Ca- kre*
chexies; arid is Diuretick. It is like the
Hieraceum-kind.

Hemlock is of a Fetid Opiate, and virofe Cicuta.

Smell ,• it ta (les very Acrid and Sweetilh,
like the Parjly-kind, but efpecially Cicuta
fatua. Hemlock-Boot caufes Fren(ie and
Stupidnefs, as if the Perkins who take it
were Drunk • arid alfo a Giddinefs; which
happened to my Man, who grew Sleepy,
and Giddy after his chewing of the Root,
and fwallowing fome of it. I gave a
Glafsful of the Juyce of the Leaves and
Roots to my Dogg, which made him ve¬
ry Sick,without any other alteration. Vo¬
miting is necedary after the taking of
Hemlock. It may be outwardly ufed in
Anodyne, and Difcufmg Emplajlers for
Tumors, or for the Spleen.
u‘ ,.v >

Water-Hemlock: The Root fmells mod; C'icutaria

offenfively Fetid, when broken* Paluftris
5 -

;
 ,ii4 Cfre ^allcg ant) fllettuegof Part n.
Cicutaria Wild-Cicely, or Madneps, have a Sweet,
vulgaris* Sub-acrid, Aromatick Parfnip Tafte and
Smell in the Leaves and Roots: They caufe
a Stupidity and Frenzy. Give a Vomit
after them,and afte wards Alexipharmacks.

CircaeaLu- Inchanters Night-Shade, taftes a little •

tetiana. Acrid, Sweet and Aftringent, and has a
Solanum fmell. The Leaves may be out¬
wardly ufed as an Anodyne, and repelling
Medicine: It is a Solanum by its fmell.

Clematis Perhvincle has a Laurel Bitter, and a

, 9
Daphnoi- Pttie Acrid without any confiderable
acs' fmell: It is accounted a Vulnerary, and
may be referred to the Laurel Bitters,
and is not fo proper a Styptick as Authors
write. The Roots are like the Leaves,
Bitterifh, Sub-acrid, and Aftringent.

Cochieai ia Scurvy-Grafs; The Flowers,Leaves and

Roots are extreamly Acrid. By its Vo- 1
latile Salt, it is good againft the Scurvy,
in Spirit, Juice, and Aqua Raph. compofit.
The Seeds yield moft Oyl, being moft
, Bitter. The Juice is uled to the Gums,
with Burnt Alum for the Putridnefs of
them. i
i __ £?•— ‘ %-

,
V $. ■ f. M & W -*■- *• t

Conferva Croivflk is of a cool Tafte.

Falullris.
Bacchar
i
 Part il €>pcmtaneoug CngitCj) fflianfg. n?

Bacchar, or Plowmans Spikenard., is Bit- Conyza

teriih, Acrid, of a little Aromatick-Scent, majorMat-
Jike Spikenard; and is a Cephalick Herb,
and has a Refinous, Fragrant, andTere-
binthinate Smell.

Common-Fleabane is very Bitter and Conyza

Biting, of a ftrong, and fomewhat Fetid media.
Smell, like Marygoldl• and probably an
Hyflerick and Uterine; outwardly difcuf-
fing in Medicines for the Eyes; and good
in Oyntments for the Itch: It feels clam¬
my, and fmells like Soaped Cloaths.
I

Sweet Purple-Fleabane is Aromatick c°nyza

very Acrid and Bitterilh. ? cierulea a-
cris.
Comphrey is Clammy, Mealy, and Confolida
Mucilaginous; by which it is good in major.
Sharp Rheums, and Vleers of the Lungs and
Kidneys, and in Fluxes of Blood. Out¬
wardly it lenifies the Pains of the Gout;
efpecially the Roots Pounded, and applied!
It comes near the Virtue of Buglofs.
( 1 . ,/ / /

Bind-weed Greater and Lefs : The Convolvu-

Leaves are Mealy, Mucilaginous, andlusmajor
Bitteriili ; and the Root a little Acrid, ^ minor.
Slimy, Bitter, and Milky, as all the Bind¬
weeds are: By its Tafle it appears to be a
I z Pur-
«

\
 116 cl)t Cate ant* filertue$ of Part n.
Purger or Vomitory. The Decodion of
the Leaves have a naufeous Pick Smell;
but it purged not my Dogg. It is a fort
of Bryony.
Note, The Bind-weeds are Milky, like
Scammony.

Gorallina. Sea-Coralline taftes Gritty; by its lharp

Grittinefs, it frets die Worms; as Spar
powdered does, which is alfo given for
them. It has alfo a ftrong Earthy-Smell,
like Mofs: And Authors fay, That it has
a Salt-Tafte; but I could not perceive
it. Many Sea-Plants have that External
Saltnefs from the walhing of the Sea-wa¬
ter, and not from a Saltnefs in their Juyce:
From this accidental Saltnefs, frefh Cora-
line is good for the Worms.

Coronopus Bucks-Horn Plantane is like ordinary

vulgaris.: Plantane, Watry and Aftringent.

Coronopus Swines-Crejjes is Biting, and of a Crefs-

Ruellii, - Tafle and Vertue.
♦

l> . \ / V

Corylus Hafel-Tree: The Catkins, Leaves and

Sylveftris. Bark are very Rough; and therefore are
great Aftrin gents. The Nuts are Sweet
and Oleous; and loofen the Belly, while
frelh.
 Part ii. Spontaneous <£nglifl) plants. 117
Stinking May-weed is very Biting, Bit- Cotula foe-
ter,and Fetid; of the fameVertue as Cham- dda.
momile, but ftronger; and litter to make
Oyls and Oyntments of, for Pains, Tumorsy
and Scrophulae. Inwardly it is good for
Hyflerick Fits in diftilled Water.

Marjh - Pennywort : The Leaves are Cotyledon

Sweet, Hot, and Sub-aromatick, and fmell aquatica.
like Water-Parfnip. I found it in Dorflil-
Moores.
\

s1 • _ ■ , ♦ » ^ „

_ Eye-bright - Cow-Wheat is moderately Crateogo-

Bitter and Aftringent, and Sub-acrid. It is non Eu-
accounted to be of the nature of common phrafynes
Eye-bright, but Hotter facie

. < Samphire is Sweet, Acrid, and Aroma- Crithmum,

tick; the Leaves have their Saltnefs from
the Salt-water ,* and it is only External;
for the Roots have it not, but tafte as is
above defcribed; by which it is refer ible
to. the Fennil-Clafs.

Wild-Saffron-Flower: The Flower is Crocus

of a ftrong Fetid Smell; and of an Hot, Sylvefb
Biting, and Mucilaginous Tafte : By its
Acrid, it is Cordial and Aperitive in the
Jaundice, and good in Peflilential Fevers,
By its ftrong Odor, it is good in Difeafes
of
 n8 %\)t Cato ant; dectucs of Partii.
of the Womb, and Ilyflerick Pafens. Out¬
wardly, by the Mucilage and Acrid Fetor,
it is Anodyne; and inwardly good for
Aflhmas. The Root is Sweet and Slimy.;
the Green Leaves are Sweet and Acrid,
like Saffron-Flowers.

Cruciata. Crofs-wort is a little Hot, Bitterifh, and

Aftringent; it is a Vulnerary, and of the
Nature of Gallium Luteum, or Madder.
The Roots are Yellow, Bitter, and Acrid.

Cufcuta. Dodder is Bitter and Aflringent, and

good againft the Itch Black-Jaundice , ,
•and Obflruftions of the Liver and Spleen.
ft ' 1 v^
* ^* •

Cyanus. Blue-Bottle taftes Bitterifh, Smoaky,

vSub-acrid, and Mucilaginous; It is of the
Nature of Jacea, by itsTalbe. The Wa¬
ter of the Flowers is good hr Inflammations
of the Eyes; lenifying by the Mucilage,
and difculTing by its Sut-acrid-Tafle.

Cyno- Dogs-Mercury has a dry tafle, and is a

crambe little hot : It is vulgarly boyled in
mas & foe- Cream for an Eryfipelas. It has an Elder-
mina. Smell, and is a crude Plant : By the
Elder-SmtM it may be Purging; and has
1 " a naufeous Bitter-Talbe.
\9 * * - • * 4 ^ A 4 4 4 •

J
Great
Part ii. spontaneous CttgUflj piant0. -- -- lr l __
119 *'

Great Hounds-Tongue: The Tafle is Bit- Cynoglof-

terilli and Mucilaginous in the Root,^umvu^a
Leaves and Seed; they fmell flrong likere*
jhe Excrements of Mice; being boy led, <,
they lmell like Spirit of Harts-horn: It
is ufed as an Opiate inwardly - and out¬
wardly applyed as an Anodyne, it dif-
cufles all Tumors, and the Scrophulee. An
Oyntment made therewith, and Hoggs-
greafe, heals Wounds like Tabaco-Oynt-
ment; and is good for the Pains of the
Tiles' It is ufed mo ft for Cataplafms, in
Scrophulous Tumors outwardly. A flrong
Deco&ion of the Leaves and Roots being
given to a Dogg, made no fenfible alte¬
ration : It is good in Scaldings.
In Tills, the Seeds are ufed for Catarrhs,
Fluxes, and Spitting of Blood. The Roots,
by their Odor, hung about the Neck,
kill Lice. • ' • ' v ^
VT
/ %
« »

Dr. Grew fays, The Root is fweet.

• •- * 1 i 1 ! M r i- / j ij

* " " .. ... "' ■-<—!.» ■ ... I I -I I. »

m . . ._ , ^ ; *• f ■ •• ** * * r‘ ^ ^ * ... - ■

>

lid Carrot tafles Sweet, Hot, and Daucus,

Aromatick in the Seeds,Leaves,
and Roots: Therefore it is of
the Sweet-Aromatick Fennel-Clafs; and
has the fame Vertues, being Diuretick in
I 4 ■ the I
 7 " *i I
y

... m ■
ctie cate; ana (Hertueg of
.-■ . —— -- : . .„
Part n.
--------—-—%

the Stone and Strangury, in the Carmina¬

tive Colick externally and internally,* '
good in Hyjlerick Fits: All' which Ef-
feds it has from its Aromatick OyL and,
Sweet Taftes.

Dens Leo- Dandelyon : The Roots, Leaves, and

nis. Milk tafte Waterilli, Bitter, and Smoaky.
It is good in great Quantities of Choler
in the Blood, and in putrid Fevers: By
its Bittenlhnefs it cleanfes Choler,by Vrine
and the CholeduB; by its Waterifhnefs

■
it cools the Blood. It is for the fame rea-
fon good in Confumptions. 1

Digitalis Fox-Gloves: The Flowers, Seeds, and

rurpurea. Green-Leaves are Mucilaginous and Bit¬
ter,, with Ahringencv; the Roots are
Rough, and Naufeoufly Bitter; the Seeds
are Bitter-llimy and Aflringent. It Vor
mits and Purges ftrongly : The Green-
Leaves or Roots are boyfd in Ale, for the
Falling-Sicknefs. The Flowers are good
m the Kings-Evil .Sores : They are A-
nodyne, by their Slime ; and Cleaning
and Healing, by their Bitter-Aflringency.
The Green-Leaves have a ftrong Smell
like Elder- which intimates their Purg-
* ing Faculty. 1
K * * 4
• / K ..
v • *’ v
; ..
A ••
it
* '
. »
,
*•

Teade
/
Part
W-.
ii. e>pontanrou0 Cnglity piant0. 121
... " 1 --— --r-

T°qfle is Bitter and Smoaky, like other Dipfacus.

Thtfiles, both in Leaves and Roots. The
Flowery Heads of it fliew it to be a Car¬
dans. i >

Oak-Fern is of theTafteand Vertueof Dryopte-

Common Male-Fern; Sweetilh, Bitterilh, ris.
Sub-acrid, and Aftringent.

E. £» '

Warf-Elder: The Leaves are ve- Ebulus.

ry Bitter and Slimy, and of a
ftrong Elder-Smell; the Roots
are Bitter, Rough, and Roapy, and of an
Elder-Smell. It is of the fame Vertue and
Tafte as Common Elder. The Bark and
Seeds are great Water-Purgers in the
Dropfie and Gout. The Juyce of the Root
makes a good purging Syrup,and works as
Buck-thorn Syrup: The Leaves are us’d in
Diet-Drink for the Dropfie; and outward¬
ly in Fomentations and Oyntments, for
Tumors, Scalds, Burns, Gout, and Vleers.
- , _ _ /k ' , . . \ . t v , A
y * | » l " /

Fipers-Buglofs is Cool and Mucilagi- Echium

nous, with a little Waterifh Bitternefs, vulgare.
like Buglofs. It is equal in Goodnefs with
Buglofs,
 izz €i)e CaGc0 ant) (uettues of Part u.
—.... ..—-m- -- --A

Buglofs, in Inflammations of the Blood. and

may be profitable againfl the Bitings of
Serpents.
Quare, Whether it has any warm Pai;ts
in it, which may be Cordial and Alexi-
phar.mack, as Buglofs. It caufes Milk by
tempering the hot Blood, and by its Wa-
terifhnefs.

Eteagnus Sweet Gaul is very Naufeoufly Bitter,

Cordi. and a little Aftringenr, with a ftrong A-
romatick Smell. In Baths it is good for
the Itch, and for Worms in Oyntments. It
will Vomit by its Naufeous Bitternefs,as
Cardims, being Bitter like Gall.
< ' ,X f». \ \ ‘ A .. ,

Elapho- Wild-Parfnip differs but little from the

bofcum. Garden-Parfnip in Tafte and Vertue.
■ -■ *-! 't Jr r* * «• ^ i •
j \ * y i,.. Flit

Elatine Fo- Fluellin is Bitter, Sub-acrid, and A-

lio fubro- flringent: Therefore a good Vulnerary.
tundo.
/
- J
Enula Elecampane-Roots and Leaves are ve-
Campana. rY Acrid and Bitterifh, and fmell fome-
what like Angelica. The Roots are good
in Oyntments, and Baths for the Itch; as
alfo for the Lungs, Stomachy and Liver,
as a Bitterifli Acrid. It is a good Cepha-
lickf Vferiney and Diuretick, by its Vola-
tile. Salt; and by the fame, it is outward-
: ' , ■ — ly
Part n. <g>pontaneoug plants. 1*3
ly ufeful for the Sciatica and Palfie; and
is a good Antidote againft Infe&ious Air.
This by its Fafte, ftrong Smell, and Shape
of the Flowers, is referible to the fame
Clafs as Flos Solis and Marygolds; but is
more Aromatick.

Horfe-Fail is a little Aftringent; and Equifetum.

therefore good in ail Fluxes. Galen lays.
It is Bitterifh. It feems referible to the
Graces, or elfe to Polygonum.
, -,p g ^ ■ • *» J 1 / , 4
\* _ \'• * 3
, f +

Common-Heath is very Rough, and Bit- Erica vut-

terilli; the Flowers have a Sweet Honey- Sans*
Suckle Smell; by which they are difcuf- i

fing in Oyls, and Diuretick ; and by the

Aftringency, repelling in Inflamed Eyes, \

and the Herpes. Boyl’d in Drink, it is

good for all Fluxes, and over-fermented
Blood. It is like Tamarisk.

Water-Rocket is of a Crefs-Tafte and Eruca A-

Vertue: and is Bitterilli and Acrid. quatica
’ vulgaris.
, ft P ' ; , * ' ’ t ; • »

Hedge-Mujlard is of a Crefs-Tafte and Eryfimum

Vertue. In Syrup it is good for the vulgare.
Afthma and Hoarfenefs, by its Bitterifh
and Acrid Fajle.

Common-Sea-Holl)' or Eryngo: The Eryngium

Leaves vulgare.
V l '

%
 It4 <Mcg ant) mmt& of Part n.
Leaves tafte Sweet, Aromatick, and Hot;
and fmell fomething like Chervil: There¬
fore it is Diuretick, Pectoral, Carmina¬
tive, and Venereal.

Efula. . &purge is of a burning and exulcera-

,'..1
ting Tafte and Vertue, like Tithymals •
and is inwardly Vomitory, and Purgative
of Watry Humors by the Acrid Salt. ■
> t y. J ? ' -* > • t » •• .

Euonymus _ Trickmood: The Seeds are Naufeoully

vulgaris. Bitter and Aftringent; therefore may
Purge. The Bark is Slimy and Bitterifh.
My Dogg eat Ten of the feeds in Butter,
and drank the Deco&ion of the Leaves’
in Broth after them * and yet was bound
Two Days after. It has an Elder-Smell
in the Leaves; and the Wood is like El¬
der : The Leaves are Sub-acid, of a Bit-
■ter Elder-Tafte. The Leaves and Berries
■\ ■
look Red, as many Acid Plants do.
- •* • a V \ ’ ** \ f' Of *\\ ’ '* *•
* ' i l v# i )
; »
j , » ,

Common Hemp-Agrimony: The Flow-

mim Can- ers and Leaves are very Bitter, and a
naumian.- little Acrid. The Roots tafte like Hemp:
; The Flowers and Leaves fmell Strong and
Aromatick. The Roots may Vomit by
their Bitter and Acrid Sliminefs. The
Leaves are Hepatick.
fV‘

Eye*
Part n. spontaneous Cngltfl) plants, izy
Eye - Bright is Bitterifli - Aftringent, a Euphraiia
good Vulnerary, and £ye-Medicine. vulgaris.

F
BANS: The Leaves have a Bitter- Faba vuL
Sweet Pea-Tafte. The Bean has garis.
-JL-'* the fame Tafte; but the Skin of
it is Aftringent. The Flowers fmell Sweet,
and the diftill’d Water takes away Frec¬
kles. Old Beans in Flowre or Meal are ve¬
ry difeufting in Tumors of the Breafis,
and Tejiicles. A Water is diftilfd from
Bean-Stalks for the Stone, which, by its
Sweetnefs and Bitternefs,lenifies and clean-
fes the- Kidneys.

The Beach-Tree: The Bark which I ta- Fagus,

lied in September,was Bitterilh-Aftringent,
and the Leaves Rough. The Vertue of
it is the fame with the Oak, viz. Aftringent,
The Fruit I could not find.this Year?y
but I am told, That it is Sweet and
Rough?

Buck-Wheat: The Seeds tafte Mealy, Fego

and the Leaves Mucilaginous. Ids good rum,
for Food, and Pultiffes.
Common
 ir6 Wot Caffes ant) ciftfucsot Partii.

Filipendu- Common-Dropwort: The Root isBittc-

rilh, QQucere, Whether Sweetifh >) Aflrin-
gent, Warm, and very Aromatick; of a
Bumet-SmelL, or like Meadow-Sweet. It
is good in all Fluxes, and in the Stone,
by its Bitterilh and Sub-acrid Aftrin-
gency.

FilixFaemi- Female-Fern: The Root and Leaves

na. are Bitterifh, and Mucilaginous ,• and good
for Burns, by their Mucilage : And there¬
fore, are of a different Nature from the
Male, and other Ferns.

Filix Mas Male-Fern: The Leaves taffe Rough,

Sc Ofmun- the Roots Bitterifli and Rough • and fmell
like Orris. The Leaves of all Ferns rubb’d,
fmell like Tallow. The Roots, by their
Bitterilh-Roughneis, are Splenetick, and
good Vulneraries, and Openers of Ob-
ffru&ions by their Aromatick Bitternefs,
in Rickets, Worms, and in the Stone.

Fragaria. Strawberries : The Leaves are Muci¬

laginous, and very little Bitter; the Roots
are Bitterilh, Sub-acrid, and ARringent.
The Leaves are good in MoutJj-Waters,
and in the Stone: The Roots are alfo
Vulnerary, like Cinquefoyl; and of the
fame Clafs. The Fruit is Sweet, Sub-
Part ii. ©pontaneous engliit) plants. 1x7

acid-Vinous, and Fragrant in its Flavor ;

therefore Cooling and Cordial: and a
diflill’d Water is made of it.
Note, That the Leaves of Aflringent
Plants, which bear a Pulpy Fruit, have
a Slime in them.

The Ajh-Tree: The Bark is Bitter, A- Fraxinus.

ftringent, and of a Laurel-Rnter Tafle:
The Seeds are Bitter, Aflringent, and A-
crid; and fo are the Flowers and Buds,
when made into Conferve for opening
the Spleen and Liver, and for the Scurvy
and Dropfie.
The Bark is a good Vulnerary, and
Antifebrifick by its Bitter Aflringency.
The Seeds are a good Diuretick in the
Stone; and I think, they much refemble
the Tafte of Jefuits Powder. They fweat
in Quartanes, in which I have us’d them.
The Wood of Ajh, by its Tafte, may be
us’d inflead of Guaiacum; it has a Bitter
and Acrid, to caufe Sweat.

Fumitory is Bitterifh, Watry, and Smoa- Fumaria

ky: It is good againfl Cholerick Blood in vulgaris.
Juyce and Syrup ,♦ is Diuretick; and in -
diflill’d Water cleanfes the Face. It be¬
longs to the Pea-Tribe. It is good for
the Itch in Oyntments. 1

Climb-
 12,8 ct)t Caflc0 ant) (Hettues of Part it.
Fumaria Climbing-Fumitory: This has a Wa¬
cum Ca- tty Bitternels, and is alfo Acrid. This is
preolis. of the fame Tribe and Vertue with com¬
mon Fumitory; but more manifeftly A-
crid.

Fungus E The Common-Mufbrome: The whole

iculentus, Subha nee is Mucilaginous. The Smell
is very Earthy ; therefore outwardly a
very cooling Anodyne.
Queere,W hether Mujhromes do not fpring'
from the putrefied Mucilaginous Paren¬
chyma of other Plants, and the Fibrous
Parts growing into Length ?
The noxious Mujhromes caufe a Stran¬
gulation in the 'Throat, for which Oyl and
Vomiting are neceflary; or elie a Cholera
Morbus, in which cafe Hens-Dung may
be good.
»

Fungus Ar Wood-Mufhrome: This fmells like Rot¬

borum pu- ten Wood, and is Slimy and Mucilagi¬
trefcenti- nous; and evidently arifes from Rotten
iira,
u*
Wood, whofe putrefied Bladders, with
lbme Fibrous Parts, fpring into a Mufh-
rome.

Fungus Jeivs-Ears are very Mucilaginous; by

Sarnbuci- which they relax and cool Inflammations
nus. in the Throat; and they have a thong
- *• " Earthy-
 Part n. Spontaneous cngltfl) plants. 1x9

Earthy-Smell; by which they may dif-

cufs Glandulous Tumors. It is not good
to fwallow any of the Decodtion of them.

G.
i \
< v- > 4

Edge-Nettle: The Tafte of theGaleopfis.'

i » Leaves is Bitterifh and Aromar
A. A tick. It (links at firft like Dead-
Nettle, in the Leaves; but has an Aroma-
tick Turpentine in the Flowers; by which
it is a Vulnerary, as well as?by its Bitter¬

( ilh-Aftringency. It is a great Difcu/ler,

by its llrong Smell. It is good in the
Scrophula, and other Tumors. Inwardly it
is an excellent Vulnerary; and outwardly
good iri.Oyntments.. By the Smell it
is a Dead-Nettle or Lamium.

Common Ladies-BedJlraw: The Talle Gallium

plainly, by the yellow Root, a Madder ;

being Bitter, Acrid, and a little ARringent:
and therefore it is an error to think it can
coagulate Milk; but it is rather mixt
with the Rennet, to preferve the Cheefe
from Corruption, or to give it a Flavor.,*
I K Gentiani
 i3o • cfre caltcg anti flitrtufgof Part n.
** 9* . |

Gentian yields aji Acid, as well as Gallium,

in Diftillation: and yet none will think
it fit to Coagulate Milk: Which Mr. Hay
intimates to be the effaft of Gallium.

Genifta. Common-Broom: The Leaves and Stalks

have a Sweet-Bitter Pea-taRe: The Seeds
are like Peafe, a little Bitter. All the
parts of it are good in the Ssurvey, Jaun¬
dice, and Dropjie: They keep the Body
Soluble. • The Flowers and Leaves re-
feirtble Peafe; fo that Broom belongs to
that Clafs. A diftilled Water of the
Flowers, is good in the Stone, by their
Mucilage and Bitternefsj by which Tafte
the Flowers vomit.

Genifta Furze: The Flowers fmell like Rancid

Spinofa. Oyl, and are Mucilaginous: The Root
and Bark have a Sweet, Bitterifh Pea-
tafte. ; *•*

Geniftella Fellows hath a Bitterifli, Mucilaginous

Tinftoria. Tea-tafte. The Flowers fmell like Oyl
of Linfeed, as moft of the F’ea-tafte do.
The Root is ftrong tafted , like Rancid
Oyl: It is fit for Oyntmcnts.

Geniftella Petty-whin has a Bitter Pea-taftc.

Aculcata. 1 '■ I I
• . W: - /■ , Centaury-
Part
______
ii. spontaneous €ngltff) plants. 131 - ——m

Centaury-leav cl Gentian taftes in the Gentia-

Leaves Mucilaginous and Bitter; andnc"a^u".,
fmells ftrong like Elder. &ax minor"

Herb-Rolert taftes Bitter I fh and Aftrin- Geranium

gent; and fmells ftrong of Turpentine : Rcbcrtia-
It is an excellent Vulnerary inwardly and num*
outwardly.
The Juyce of it is tnixt with Honey,
for Cankers of the Mouth, which it cures
very well. f :■
. j , ' I,

Crow-foot, Cranes-Bill fmells of Turpen- Geraninm

tine, like Herb-Rohert. The Root taftes Ratrach°h
Bitterifh and Rough, and feels Clammy. es'

Musk Cranes-Bill fmells of Musk : feels Geranium

clammy, as other Turpentine Riants do: Mofcha-
and is alfo Bitterilh and Rough. tum*
* • \ *

Dove-foot Cranes-Bill fmells of Musk • Geranium

and is Rough in Tafte. Columbi-
num.
It may be, obferved, that all the Cranes-
Bills are Aftringent; the Musky are leaft
Bitter, the Turpentine moft ; on which
the Bitternels depends. And from hence i

it may be conjedmred, that a fmall de¬

gree of Turpentine produces the Musky*.
Smell; for the Geraniums are all of a kind 1
 1w Cl)t Cate ant) totueg of Part n.
• > ♦ - ► V i* If •

and Yertue, though the Smell diftin-

guifhes them into the Musky, or Turpen¬
tine Plants: And there are other Gerani¬
ums,, which want either Smell; as Gera¬
nium inodorum, which is Aftringent.
v * y %

The Turpentine Crane-Bills are Diu-

retick and Pedtoral: and by the Bitternels
and Aftringency, they are the moft exadt
Vnlncraries ; Cleaning and Healing in
Wounds and Vlcers.

Gladiolus Water-Flag^, or Water Flower-de-luce:

lutcus Pa- The Roots and Flaggs are Rough, A-
luftris, five ftringent, and very Burning, like Orris.
Iris lutea The Root is fuccefsfully uled inwardly,
Paluftris. to prevent an Hydrophobia, with the Root
of Devils-Bit. And they are boyled in
Milk, and given for a Week to them that
are Bitten by a Mad Dogg.
' i
-

The Fellow-Flowers are Mucilaginous,

and burn the Mouth; and therefore are
an Orris. The Aftringency of the Root
hinders the Fermentative Vertue of the
Animal Venome from producing a Fever
in the Blood, and probably dulls the Acti¬
vity of the Venome, which conftfts in a
Volatile Salt; and the Acrimony pre-
ferves the Blood from Coagulation.
- ■ Hoad
Part ii. Spontaneous Cnglify i^lant^. 133
Woadis Aflringent, Bitterifli and Acrid. Glaftum
Indigo is of the fame Tafle and Vertue. Sativum.
Woad abounds in a Volatile Salt, and is a
good Hepatick in the Jaundice. Wedelius
makes a Volatile Salt of it without Fire.
It belongs to the Crefs-Tafles, by its Cods
and Tafle; and maybe placed with Che-
lidonium majus Luteola. The Te/low- Flow¬
ers fmell like Crejfes.

Wild Liquorijh-Vetch is much more Glaux _

fweet in the Leaf than common Liquo- Vulgaris.
rifh..

Common Liquortfh : The Leaves are Glycyrrhi •

Bitterifli and Rough; and feel clammy, zavu &anS-
like Oyly Mucilaginous Plants. The
Roots have a very fweet Tafle, and a little
Mucilaginous. This belongs to the
Sweet Pea-Tafle. It is a Lenient, Ne-
phritick, and Pulmonick; good in Acri¬
mony of Vrine. The Juyce Infpiflate is
good in the fame Difeales. It is the Mu¬
cilage in the Liquorijhy that flops the vio¬
lent motion of the Corrofive Salts in
Catarrhs, and covers the Membranes of
the throat with a Slime. And alfo the
fenfible Membranes are fatu rated by its
Lufcioufnefs : So that the Corrofive
Rheum is not perceived.
K 3 ■ ' -Cud- I
 i34 cl)t Cades anu GJertues of Part n.
G.iapha- Cud-weed fmells fomewhat Aromatick,
lium. like Wormwood: It tafles Bitterilh, Dry,
Aftringent, and a little Hot. It is Vul¬
nerary, and good in all Fluxes. It is Sto-
rnachick. It renews the Cud, being given
to Beads, becaufe it is like Wormwood in
Effects and Tafte.
i

Gramen Quich, or Couch-Grafs : The Root is

Caninum. Watrifli and Sweetilh: It cools by the
Tafte, and lenities the fharpnefs of Vrine;
but where the Excellency therein for
Worms lies, I know not, nor wherein its
opening Faculty refides.
f f * ... t-. * * • i . v

Gramen Parnajfus-Grafs is Rough and Bitterilh,

Parnaffi. a Vulnerary and Diuretick, like white
t*. and yellow Saxifrage.

Gratiola Small Hedge-Hyjfop is naufeoufly Sweet,

angufti- Bitter and Acrid: it is therefore a ftrong
fbiia. Purger. 4 V

irt-
Panii. spontaneous Cwjuniplants. 135

H. H.
I ■ jf • 4

yT- Tree: The Bark has a Rancid HederaAr*

»<•

Oyly tafte, Biting, and of a flrong^orea-

* •*

Scent. It may be . ufedin Baths;

but it is improper for the Rickets, being
not fit for inward Ufe. The Gum has an
unpleafant OfFenfive Smell, therefore an
Enemy to the Nerves: It is of a Burning
Cauftick Tafte. The Leaves are Bitter,
and of an unpleafant Balfam-Smell; by
which they draw I(fues.t and Slime out ot
Gouty Feet. The Leaves boyled yield a
good Mucilage ; which being boyled
with Diapalma, makes a good Plafter for
Ijjues. The Leaves may be ufed in Bal-
fams outwardly: and are good for Burns,
by the Mucilage. The ripe Ivy-Berries are
Sweet, Bitteriih, Aromatick, Slimy, and
very Acrid.
I refer the Ivy-tree to the Fetid Tur-
pentine-QhSs.

Ground-Ivy is Rough, Bitteriih, of a Hedera

ftrong Balfamick, andRefinous, but more Terreftri
plainly of a Dead-Nettle Smell; which is
very apparent by its Infufion in Ale.
Gill-Drinks are Famous for the Scurvy,
and Rheums and Vleers in the Kidneys; lor
’ K 4 which
 .
136 - m—1 111
Cln Cades ann <3ertues of Part
1— - _
n.
which its alfoufed in Syrup, Juyce, Pow¬
der, and diftilled Water. The Juyce is
outwardly ufed for the Pin and Web in the
Eyes. It is put into Oyntments for Burns^
as a good Vulnerary by its Bitter-Allrin-
gency. The Juyce is good for the Worms^
and tiled as an Errhine in Cephalick Di-
flempers. * • » 1

Hcderula Water-Ivy is of a burning Tafle, like

Acjuatica. other Ranunculus s.
, r
' < • ’ •

' 5 - . * ,, V ' ’ .

/. % jif * ri 2. A * * a.- v - 1 * t rf'4

Helleborus Black-Hellebore: The Root is Bitter-

niger* ift, and very Acrid, of an ill Smell, and is
%
a flrong Purgative:. It caufed a Pain in
my Tongue to the Throat * the fame it
may caufe in the Stomach. In the Shops,
the black Root tailed Bitter, Sweet, and
Acriti ^he-Smell of the Root is very
Ofihufive. The Acrimony is an ufeful
Corredor of the Acid in Melancholick
Conftitutions. An Acrid joyned - with
Bitter heats more than a fimple flrong
d
I
Acrid; and the Tafle lads longer on the
Pallat. • • • ;1 ,, - , . ,

Kellebora- Bears-foot; the Leaves tafle nauleoufly

Her maxi- Better’and -Acrid, and-fmell like Elder.
mus- The Black Root fmells llrong, and is of the
fame tafle.' • * ^ . .

/
Three

\
Part ii. ©pontaneous plants. 137
Three fpoonfuls of the Juyce of the
Leaves pounded with White-wine, Vomits
and Purges Itrongly : It is ufed for the
Worms. ' .

Herb-?arts, or One Berry: The Leaves Herba Pa-

have a Solatium Smell : the Berries are tis.
* w _

fweet and naufeous ; and therefore is a

Narcotick, like the Night-Shades.

Hawk-weed is very Bitter, like Scabious Hieracium

or Dandelion, but more flrong; it cleanfes
the Stomach, is Diuretick, and an opening
Hepatick. It is of the fame kind with the
Smoaky Bitters. By its Bitter-Aflrin-
gency it is accounted a Vulnerary.

Alifanders is like the Barfly-kind, in Hippofeli-

Talle and Vertue: It is Sweet, Hot, A-num-
romatick and Bitterilh.

Stitch-wort: The Smell of the Leaves Holofteum,

rubbed is crude : Its Talle is Sweet flve Cary°:
and Grally; and is of the Lychnis-Tribe.

Barley talles Sweet and Slimy, as all Hordeum.

Efculents do; the Meal is ufed in ripen¬
ing Pultefes. ;j
Mault has a Sweet Talle, which it gives
to new Drink. '
E ' ' Wild-

i-
 I

-
138 CheCalleganD aertueg of PaitiE
-S— f - --- -T —- - - .. - - - ■ -

Horminum Wild-Clary is of a like Tafle and Smell

Sjiveitre. wjt|1 tjie Qzxden-Clary : The Seeds are
Mucilaginous; and by that means they
take the Dull out of the Eyes. It is re-
ferible to the Clafs of Lamiums.
J* I r
Hyacin- Hare-Bells are Mucilaginous in the
thus Angli- Roots and Leaves, and have a Lily-Smell
cus- in the Flowers: They are of that Tribe,- ■
% ‘
and have the fame Vertue. The Gar-
t „ , «.

den Hyacinths have the fame Tafte and

Vertue.

Hyofcya- 1 Henbane: The Roots are fweet like

1f iUs albos. Parfnips: -The Leaves fmell Offenfively,
Oyly. Strong, and Narcotick. Outward¬
ly the Leaves are Anodyne, and Emol¬
lient in all Pains and Inflammations. The
Seed is ufed in Spitting of Blood; it is
Mucilaginous, and Narcotick in Smell:
It is ufed in Epilepfies, to the quantity of
a Scruple, for many Nights together; and
in the Morning give a Drachm of Rue
-powdered for a Month. Out of the Seed
is made an Oyl by Expreffion.
I ;gave to a Grey-hound half an ounce
of Solamm Lethak Root powdered be¬
twixt two pieces of Bread and Butter’; and -
at leaf! an Ounce more boy led, to which
1 put an equal quantity of Milk, to make
iV A him
\ ' . - y. ♦
 Part n. spontaneous ffnglifl) Plants. 139

him take it; which produced no fign of

Sleepinefs, nor any Evacuation. The
next day I gave him a large quantity of
Henbane-Lzwts and Roots in Broth ,
without any alteration. The third day
after, I gave him a great quantity of Hem¬
lock boyled; and repeated a iecond Dofe,
without any confiderable alteration. T wo
\ days afterwards I gave him a Cake of
1 Nux Vomica, which made him dofie, and
' gave him Convulfions, and fhortnefs of
Breath ; but he recovered well again.
The Nux Vomica fmells like Opium, and
? has the fame EfFed. Afterwards I gave
I him a great quantity of Hounds-Tongue-
I Leaves and Roots boyled; but without
i any alteration: So ftrong are the Spirits
! of Doggs, in refilling Opiates.
i I Vomited thefe Opiates off by Bryony-
1 Juyce, given to him: and fome days after,
\ I gave him Thirty Berries of Solanum
f Lignofum, with which he prefently run
I Mad and Dyedj and I found the fame in
it his Stomach. * v

j Saint' Johns-mrt : The Leaves tafle Hyperw

Bitter and Allringent; and are of a Tur- cum*
, pentine-Smell: It is therefore Vulnerary
j. and Diuretick, as 'Turpentine. The Flowers
colour the Fingers Purple, and yield a
1 5 Bal- \
 i4Q Cfte Cages anti fliertueg of Part u
Balfamick Tmtture, with Spirit of Wine.
It is given in Melancholy • but is fitter for
the Stone. The Roots tafte Bitter and
Aftringent. An Oyly Baliam is made of
the Flowers, by^ Infufion in Oyk
In St. Johns-wort Powdered there
remains only the Bitter-Aftringency, and
the Turpentine is loft. By the Ritter-A-
ftringency it is good for Agues,1 This,
and Afeyrum, and Androfemum, have a
Laxative Quality by their Turpentine :
and as Diureticks,are good for the Sciatica.
An excellent Balfamick Oyl may be
drawn from the Seeds by Expreftion.

I. I
, *

jacea. Nap-weed is very Bitter, Aftringent,

and Smoaky: It has theVertues of
Scabious, and is of the fame Clafs.
V Outwardly it is Vulnerary, and good for
Scabs, Itch, and Vleers ; the Root is
Milky.
[*- ■» *

Jacobean Ragwort taftes a little Bitter, Rough,

and Hot: It fmells Sub-acid, and a little’
like Erigerum; and belongs to the fame
Clafs, or rather to the Hawk-weeds.
The
 Part il spontaneous Cngliffj plants. 141
The Walnut-Tree: The Bark of the Juglans.
Walnut-Tree is Bitter, Biting, and Rough.
When it is dry, it looks black within:
\ * y_ *

and for that reafon, and its Purgative Fa¬

culty, it is not like Jefuits-Bark. The
Green Husk of the Walnuts talle very
Bitter, and very Acrid; by which, in di¬
alled Water, it is good for the Head and
Worms: The tender firfl Sprouts of the
Leaves are kept dry, and boyled in Milk,
to Purge Children for the Worms. And
the Green Walnuts preferved , Purge.
] The Bark and lull Vomit. The Infufion
of Walnut-Leaves drives Worms out of the
Ground, if fprinkled thereon. The Wal-
■ ^/--Kernel is of an Oyly Nut Sweet-Tafte.
The Oyl is good for the Stone. ,
K' , ^ >V

Rujles : The Roots talle Rough Tuncus

and Brackifh, like Steel, from the Boggs vulgaris. ‘
{ they grow in. The Leaves are Rough,
I Raw, and Moorilh, and fmellRaw.

1 The Flowering-RuJh has the fame Talle Juncus flo-

and Vertue. ridus, feu
gladiolus
Juniper-Tree: The Wood, Leaves and Pal^r!b*
Berries, fmell of an Aromatick-Turpentine^ Iun’Perus*
and talle Bitterilh and Allringent; are
! Diuretick, Vulnerary, Carminative, Ute-
IP' ' rine,
 i4* C^e Cato anti oiettueg of Part if.
*■j
rine, and Antifcorbutick. The Berries
are ufed in Diet-Drink; the Spirit and
Oyl of the Berries are; good in the Stane.
The Wood may be ufed inftead of Safla-
phras-Wood. The Alhes are good for
the Dropfle in Lixiviums. Juniper-Ber¬
ries have a Sweet, Bitterilh, and Aroma-
tick Tafte ; and are therefore Pebtoral
and Diuretick, as Saflaphras.
Inftead of the Bark, which is but fmall
in the Juniper-Tree, add the Berries with
the Wood, in drying Drinks, for Catarrhs.

Laftuca IT Amls-Lettuce : The Leaves tafte

Agnina. 1 Cool, Bitterifh, and Slimy, like
ordinary Lettuce. It’s fit for
Sallets.

Laftuca Wild-Lettuce fmells ftrong, like Opium •

Sylveftris. taftes Mucilaginous and Bitter: It is of a
Narcotick Vertue. It Purges, as an Opiate;
and makes a good Oyntment for Burns
and Inflammations.

jtfarrow-
 4

Part ii. spontaneous € uglify plant#. 143

' _ ■■ — ■ ‘iM .. — . -

Narrow-Leadd All-heal: It fmells very Ladanum

Fragrant, like a fweet Gum: It tafles a Segetum,
little Mucilaginous, Rough, and Bitterifli. ^ve
It is an excellent Yulnerarv. It belongs J?J®. ore
to the Species of Sideritis, by the Figure;
but this has more plainly Turpentine in it.

Hares-Foot tafles a little Dry and A- Lagopus

flringent; and in that lies its Vertue for vulgaris,
flopping Fluxes, repelling, and of being
Antifebrifick.
£'r' ‘ i' l

Arch-angel, or Dead-Nettle: The Flow- Lamium

ers and Leaves are Bitterifli, Mucilaginous, Flore Albo.
and Sub-Aflringent • with a flrong Fetid
fmell.

Red Arch-angel fmells plainly of Fur- Flore Ru-

pentine; and tafles Bitterifli, Sub-Aflrin- bro.
gent, and a little Slimy.
5 e ~ v 1 ,r,

Lamium, with a Fellow-Flower has the Flore

fame Tafle and Smell as Lamiumflore albo. Flavo.
All Lamiums are Vulneraries, and difcuf-
fmg Kings-Evil-Tumors, by their flrong
Smell.

Henlit fmells and tafles like Ground- Lamium

Ivy; which is a Lamium: as is alfo Be- folio cau-
tcny, by its Smell. lem am- >
Nipple- bicnte.
 s
';V. 1 *'

144 ctje Cafte0 ant) (Uertue0 of Part II.

Lampfana. Nipple-wort: The Leaves are a little
Bitter and Aftringent; and therefore it is
tiled in Oyntments for the Nipples. The
Root is Bitterilh, Rough, and Acrid, like
the Crejfes; and it is eaten boyI’d. It
has a Bitter Milk; and by that, and the
Flowers and Seeds, it ihould be a Hawk-
weed.

Lapathum Sharp-pointed Dock: The Roots look

acutum. Yellow, like Rhubarb,and tafte Naufeoufly
Bitter and Aftringent, with a little Heat
and Sliminefs. It is ufed in Diet-drinks,
as Antifcorbutick, Laxative, and Hepatick.
». *

Lapathum Common Dock is of the lame Vertue

r as the former, but feems ftronger: It is
0.0 uo. r,Slimy, Aftringent, and more Acrid;
by which it is Purgative; and therefore
the beft for ufe.
■ Englifh Rhubarb taftes of a Dock-Bit-
ternels, and is very Rough and Acrid, like
common Dock-Root.
• \ r ' » / ? '■ ■*

Hydro- Water-Dock: The Root is very Rough,

Lapathum. and but little Bitter, and not Acrid. It is
ufed, by miftake, for the other. This is
beft outwardly for the Itch, as an Aftrin¬
gent ; and. in • Spitting of Blood. The
Root is more Red than other Docks, and
• feems to be a Sorrel. Red-
a'

’4r
< :,;c.
&
 Part ii. spontaneous emglifl) plants. 145-
**" ** 1 " ....m*+>* | >■
■*\ "V » *f ... * • - ***• .

Red-Dock: The Leaves tafte Rough; Lapathum

and the Red Stalks, Add; the Root, Bit- Rubrum.
terifh. Rough, and Naufeous, like other
Docks. The Seeds of the Docks are Aftrin-
gent, and good for Loofneffbsy and Fluxes
of Blood. The Leaves of Docks alfo tafte
Add and Aftringent, or Rough: They
are us’d in Baths for the Itchy and fmeli
Crude and Add.
, The Red Dock-Root is (like the Yellow
Roots of otherr>0cLf)of a purging Faculty.

Peafe - Everlajling has a rough' Pea- Lathyrus

major per-]
» . . ennis.
Spurge-Lavorel has the burni ng Tafte of Laureola.
Spurge • .and purges Hpdropicd Humors
violently. The Leaves are alfo Slimy.
'■ ,*• /* > ■**

Duch-meat is Crude andWatry, and Lens Palii-

good for outward Inflammations: Inward- ftris-
ly it may cure inflamed Cholerick Blood;
but not the Jaundice proceeding from Ob-
ftru&ion; as Authors aiflrm.
•■ . ' . A . . _; _ .f ,. r $ „

^ Dittander taftes very Acrid, Exulcera- Lepidium •

ting, and Bitterilh, like Radifhy but ftrong- iatifoliuni,
cr: The Roots therefore provoke . the ^Pcr*"
Birth^ and the Plant i$ Antifcorbutick., IttIS’
is us d for Pains of the teeth and Hips,

V
* 146 die caHe0 ana-gtttuegof Part n.

It belongs to the Crejjes, by its Tafte and

Smell; which is thought to referable
Pepper, as the Name imports.
«.
• ^
i , „

Leucoium VPull-Gilliflowers are IMucilaginous and

Luteum Biting; therefore an Oyntment of the
five Cheiri. Flowers is us’d for the Gout. The Flow¬
ers are alfo us’d in Cordial Waters. Leu-
co'mm, by its Face and Seeds, belongs to the
Crefs-QhLs. The Seeds are Bitterifh, and
very Acrid. The Conferve of the Flowers
is a good Ant ifcor butick axidCephalick.

Lichen five Ground-Liverwort, being rubbed, fmells

Hepatica of Turpentine, and taftes Mucilaginous,and
vulgaris. a little Biting, like turpentine: It is there¬
fore a good Diuretick in the Stone and
Dropfie, and Antifcorbutick. Outwardly
it is good for fetters, Vleers. Wounds, and
Itch • being Bitterilh and Sub-Aftringent,
as other Turpentine Plants. . ‘1

Lichen ar- Tree-Lungwort is Bitterifh and Aftrin-

borum Pul- gent; good in Fluxes, and to flop Coughs,
monarius. in Syrup. Boyl one handful in a Pint of
- - - Beer to half.- : '

Afh - colour’d Ground - Liverwort tafles

i •

icreus ter- Sweetifh and Rough, fmells Earthy like

refIns, Mojfes: and is us’d for Coughs.
privet

)
 Part il Spontaneous eng! iff) plant*. 147
. Pr™et: The Leaves Imell like Lawel Liguitrum,
when bruis’d, and the Vertueofitfeems
to be the lame as of Laivrel • which may
be an outward Vulnerary, for that the
Leaves tafte Bitter and Aftringent. The
White Flowers fmell Sweet. The black
Berries have a purplilh Juyce within them.
The Leaves may be good for ZJleers of
the Mouth. • ■K

» il * *

, Lily of the Valley .* The Flowers tafte Lilium

very Bitter and Biting; the Roots are Convalli-
Mucilaginous. The flowers fmell very
Fragrant, and are therefore Cordial; and
by being Bitterilh. Acrid, and Aromatick,
are Cephalick in Apoplexies, Palfres, Ver¬
tigoes, and Epilepjies: And the Flowers
powder d, make a grateful ftrong Sneez¬
ing-Powder. 7
The diftill d Water, and a Conferve of
the Flowers are moft us’d. The Roots
are very Mucilaginous j and by them it
is of the LilyAPmd.
v *» ■ «* j ^ j "■ T v- ft -'a. ;f* « * r i> '■>i
-1. > 4 i

f * The Green-Leaves are Bit- Linaria lu-

terdh. Mucilaginous, and .Sub-acrid, and tea vulga- ’
ot an Elder-Smell; the Flowers are like ris-
Snap-Dragon, Sweet, Bitterifh, and Muci- .
iaginous. It is an Anodyne for the, He¬
morrhoids, in Oyntment of the Flowers.
1 %

1
 148

It is not fit for inward Ufe; but fit out¬

wardly for Gataplafwts. The Water may
cool the Redneis of the Eyes.

Linum Sa- Common-Flax i The Seed is very Oy-

tivum. ly ancJ Mucilaginous, and of a Rantid
Smell. The Exprefled Oyl is Anodyne
and Emollient in Clyfters, and in Pleure-
tick Coughs. Outwardly it difcufles and
mollifies Tumors. Green Flax is Bitterifh
and Mucilaginous.
-

Lkhofper- Gromwell: The Root and Seeds tafle

mum five Sweet and Mucilaginous. The Seed-Ca-
Milium So* fes are Stony, by which they are Lithon-
f£S* triptick. The Leaves and Roots of Grom-
well fmell like Hounds-Tongue. There is
-a little Heat in the Tafle; but I cannot
find the Sudorifick Quality. It feems to
be -ary Opiate, like Homds-Tongue.

Lonchitis Rough Spleenmrt: The Ropts and Leaves

tafle Rough and Sweet, like the Ferns;
and are of the fame Vertue. It has no
Sliminefs. It is Splenetick, Aflringent,
and Vulnerary.

Lupulus. * Hops: They are very Bitter and A-

crid, and of a flrong Lamium-Smell. They
are Diuretick, Hepatick, and Sudorifick.
Out-
Part ii. spontaneous engiity plants. 149
Outwardly they difcufs Tumors, and cure
the Itch. The Root has a Thick, Rough,
and a little Acrid, and Bitterifli Bark'
by which it feems to be Splenetick, Diu-
retick, and Sudorifick. Take a Pound of
Roots, and boyl them in a Gallon of Wa¬
ter to half or three Parts, adding Parfley-
Roots and Raifins; give half a Pint of it
to Sweat, as you give Sarfaparilla,, in the
Itch, and Lues Venerea.
* • f N;/ *- • K,1' 0 * "

Diers-Weed: The Root and Leaves Luteola,

are Mucilaginous, and very hot on the
7ongue: It is of a ftrong offenfive Smell.
Outwardly it is Anodyne and Emollient:
If inwardly us’d, it is Diuretick. It may
be of the Crefs-Talte.
^1
' -'
.
■
, •
-)
• ’ - i1'-,

1 ' '■ •>. *

Wild White and RedCampians are of a Lychnis >

crude Tafle, Watrilh, and fmell crude • Sylveftris
therefore are good for Inflammations, or fiore Albo,
Hemorrhages outwardly. There is alfo a Rubro-
Sweetnels in the Talte of Lychnis-Koot.
*
1

Purple-Spiked Willow-Herb is Watrilh, Lyfimachi-

Mucilaginous, and a little Hot; but of a a Purpurea
crude Smell. Qu&re, Whether it be a La- Spicata.
mium >
4 /

^ 1 ry i ■ * , x

Codded-Willow-Herb is Mucilaginous, Lyjfimachi-

L 3 Hot,a Sifiquofa
 i *o ctje Cafits ant! ©ertueis of —l*^*l^'**
Part it.
w — m .i' ■■ ■—> ■ i ■ ii i *

Hot, and Acrid; therefore it is a good

Diuretick. It feems to be a Leucoium, by
the Cods, Mucilage, and Acrimony, and
by the Flower. It is a little Bitterifh; and
of the Vertue of Leucoturns, Diuretick.
•fee. I. , ' , „

Lyfimachi- - Hcoded-Willow-Herb is very Bitter and

a Galericu- Acrid, and a kind of Grattola; and there-
lata. fore may be Purging.
i - * v r • . ^ s

Lyfimachi- Tellow-V/illow-Herh is Mucilaginous,

a lutea vul- and a little Biting; and of the Vertue of
garis 5r the Codded.
Hortenfis.11 • "
\ / ; _

Malva vul¬
garis.
O Rdinary Mallowes: The Leaves,
Flowers, and Roots are Watry •
*

and Mucilaginous ,• and therefore

Emollient and Anodyne externally : In¬
wardly the Conferve of the Flowers, and
diftill’d Water with Syrup of Violets, are
good for the Stone and Cough. The Seeds
are ufeful; and the Stalks, cook’d like A-
fparagus, are fcarce dillinguilhable from it.
Out of Mallow-Root, Barley-Meal, and
Oyl boy I’d in Water, is made a good Tul-
tejs for Inflammations.
- ' The
 Part n. spontaneous Cnstiflj plants, i $ i
------- ■ '**"—— -----,,— - —
•4

The Crab-free: The Bark is Sweet-Malus Syl-

ifli, Bitter, and Styptick. The Juyee ofvekns*
the Crab is Bitterilh, Sowre, and very
Rough. It cools outward Inflammations
with Barm. Verjuice is inwardly good in
Fevers, and Cholerick Loofneffes, with Su¬
gar or Milk. The Cn^-Bark is’ lefs Sweet
than the Apple. ,

White Horehound is very Bitter, and of Marrubi-

i a ftrong Lamiurn-Smdl, and a little Plea- urn Alburn,
fant. It is a good opening Hepatick in
the Jaundice, and a Cleaning PeBoral in
Water, and Syrup of the Juyee; efpeci-
ally in an Afthma: And in Joyce I have
us’d it. It is outwardly good in Oynt-
ments for fordid Ztleers, and in Baths.
By the Fastor it may be a good Hyfte-
r rick. /
8

I Water-Horehound is moderately Bitter Marrubi-

‘ and Aftringent: The Smell is neither um Aquati-
j ftrong, nor unpleafant; but like Sideritis, cum.
1 and therefore Vulnerary.
!1 ...

I Common Melilote taftes Slimy, Bitter, Melilotus

and Biting, or Acrid; and is therefore vulgaris.
Anodyne, and difcuftlng by its Acrimony.
{ In the Emplafler it is moft us’d. It line!Is,
I when rubb’d, like the Tftf-kind. By the
I L4 ■ Tafte
 Tafte it fliould be Purgative; which is
not yet tryed. ,
i • •

Mentha Water-Mint is of a Bitterifh, Hot, Pun-

Aquatica gent, and Aromatick Tafte, and ftnells
five Sifym- like Calamint or Fenny-Royal. It is a good
brium. Diuretick, Antifcorbutick, and Carminaj
tive, It has fome Aftringency; by whicli
it ftrengthens the Stomach.

quaticum. tke fame Vertue as common Mint.

Millefoli- Common Millefoile or Tarrow: The

um vulga- Roots are very Acrid, and Bliftering the
re. Mouth. The Flowers and Leaves are Bit-
terilh and Hot, without any confiderable
Aftringency; and therefore improperly
given for Hemorrhages. It fmells like
Southern-wood in the Flowry Part, or like
Chamemel-Fhwevs: And therefore is to
be reckon’d amongft Cephalicks, by the
Bitterifti Acrimony, and Aromatick Suaiell.

Mollugo Small Mountain Bafiard-Madder is Bit-

Montana. ter and Acrid, like Madder,
 ran u. wpuiu(unvw» vwiyuuj {pUUllp •

Devils-Bit: The Leaves are very Bit- Morfus Di-

ter, like Scabious; the Root is Bitterilh, aboli.
Biting, and Burning in the Throat • and
therefore accounted Alexipharmack, and
may be us’d inftead of Contrayerva; for
it is accounted good again ft the Bitings
of Mad Doggs, with Flagg-Root boyfd in
Milk. The Leaves are of the fame Ver-
tue as Scabious, Cleanfing, Vulnerary, Pe¬
roral, and Hepatick.

The Mofs of an Oak-Tale fmells Strong Mufcus ex

and Earthy, flies quick up into the tfoje, ligno Oper¬
and caufes Sneezing, like Volatile Salts; c,no»
and has fomewhat of an Om-Smell, like
the Ferns. It taftes Bitterilh, Sweet, and
Rough, and a little Hot; by which it is
Peroral, and expectorating the thick
Phlegm, and {lengthening the Glandules :
By the Aftringency it hinders the Deflu¬
xion of thin Rheum. This is the Bajis of
lweet Pulville-Vawdtvs, vid.Zwclfer. Of
Tabaco, Primrofe-Roots, and this Mofs, I
made a Sneezing-Powder.

St. Winifredf.s Mofs, (brought me from Mufcus Q*

Holy-Well) if rubb’d, it fmells like Orris, doratu$,
as fome Ferns do; and taftes like Orrisy
Bitterilh, Hot, and Aromatick : But by
the Stalks in it, it is rather a Fern, than
a Mofs. The
(

154 cl)t Caftcg ant) <&tuut$ of Part n.

I !■ — 1 ■■ —<^*1" '■■—1■«*■————1 " I ■ — Til Li» "" .. '" " ~ —«—I*

Mnfcus The Mofs of Trees differs according to

Arboreus {-]ie Tafle of Trees: The Oak-Mofs tafles
Ramofus. pt0UgfT an(| Birterifli, and fmejls Strong,
Earthy, and Acrid; efjpecially being pow¬
der’d. Boy it in Beer for Coughs, or in -1

Thea.
t f ,
x

\
. §

■ ■

Mufcus The Mofs of Alder has a Bitternefs and

Alni. Roughnefs, like Alder, with the Scent
above-mention’d: It tafles a little Brack-
ifli, like Steel.
' / A t * * . . 7*
. ^ ^ ^ * ? * ' I * *
/ **** ~ * t ~ * p - r* ’ * * * 4 ■ •
t * \ $ y p f I * 4 « , ' 1 ' - * *

Mufcus ex Pear-Tree Mofs has a Rough, Steely-

Pyro. Tafle ,* and fmells Strong, Earthy, and
Acrid. I tailed thefe Moffos in the W in¬
ter, when the Rain might lodge in the
Mofs •. but how they come to tafle like
Steel, I know not.
I cannot but take notice, that the Mifle-
Toe has the like Tafle as Moffes, Bitterifh,
Acrid, and Aflringent; and branches like
TreerMoffes; and therefore is bred out of
a like Juyce of the Tree.
i ■ . ♦. » * pi t. \ - ■ . ■ J

Mufcus ex Apple-Tree-Mofs tafles Rough, Bitter-

Malo. ifh, and Sub-acrid; and is of the fame
pungent Scent.
\ * f X\ *1 13i > ' Iffi «t &

Mufcus ex M°fs °f a Mans Skull is like common

Cranio. Mofs, of an Earthy-Smell, and of a Rough
Earthy-

l
 ■

Part ii. spontaneous engliO) plants. 15?

Earthy-Tafle. It is much commended
for flopping of Hemorrhages: Applied to
the Nofe, it may help the Congealing of
the Bloody and work as an Aflringent,
and offend the Spirits by the Earthy-
Smell: And it may diflurb the Fanciful,
by holding it in the Hand; and by occa-
fioning fome Terror, may flop Bleeding.
. ’ ■» • * ■’ ^
• J* \ • 1 V

Firr-Tree-Mofs tafles and fmells like Mufcus ex

the Oak-Mofs. Abiete.

Cup-Mofs is not very Rough; it feems Mufcus

a little Slimy. I tailed it in the Shops, Pyxidatus.
and expected an Acrimony in it. It is
of the Vertue of the Lichen Hepatica fa¬
cie. It is us'd for an Aflringent in Coughs:
And I believe, the Frefli is Sweet and A-
flringent.

The Ground-MoJJes and Tree-Moffes are Mufcus

of different Tafles and Natures • the com- Terreftris,
mon Green Ground-Mofsy moil Aflringent
and Earthy ,* ufed in Stopping of Blood.

Moufe-Ear Scorpion-Grafs is Mucilagi- Myofotis

nous, and a little Acrid; by which it is s?°rpi-
inwardly and outwardly good in Bitingsolc{es'
of Vznomous Beafis: And is referible to
the Clafs of Ecbium, or Buglofs.
Moufe-
 iJ6 c^e Cal\t% ana Gkttats of Part n.

Myoluros. Moufe-Tail is Cooling and Aftringent,

as Plantane; and therefore of the lame
Vertue. t

Myrrhia Hemlock’ Chervil fmells of Hemlock, and

Sylvcftris is alfo Strong and Terebinthinate, with an
Seminibus Hot, Pungent, Sweet, and Bittern'll Tafle ;
' ^er1S> a good outward Difcufler and Vulnerary ;
fmelling like' an Oyntment, as the Name
imports. It may be placed amongft the
Fetid Vmbels, being Sweet, Acrid, and Fe¬
tid ; or elfe refer it to the Terebinthinate-
Fetids. - V HI

N.

Nferci f!us. TT Ellow Daffadil: The Flowers fmell

If Strong, and are Mucilaginous:
The Roots are Mealy and Muci¬
laginous, like Lilies. They Vomit, as
Bulbous-Roots do, very violently. Out¬
wardly they are good for Burns, and hard
Tumors ; to break Impofihumes, to agglu¬
tinate Wounds, and cleanfe V leers.

Nafturti- Water-Crejfes: The Leaves and Seeds

um Aqua- are Acrid, like Scurvy-Grafs, and other
tiaim, Crejfes ♦ and fmell like Scurvy-Grafs, but
milder.
Part n. eponfancoug Cngliift piantg. * yy
milder. It is Diuretick and Antifcorbu-
tick, by the Volatile Salt. Outwardly
it is good in Scald-Heads, if infus’d in
Hoggs-greafe; and it is put into Pultejfes,
to ripen Swell’d Breafis, and difculs If-
chiadick Pains, and thofe of the Spleen :
And it is put in Medicines Antihydropick,,
with Liverwort.
; *• -v »
^
,

Catmint is of a Strong, Aromatick, Nepeta,

Afi#/-burnt-Scent; and of an Hot, Acrid,
and Bitterilh Tafte: The Scent is rrtixt
of Aromatick and Fetid, and a little like
Penny-Royal • which is alfo an Hyflerick.
It has quick Parts to pierce into theNerves,
and redifie the Motion of the Spirits, by
a very Volatile Oyly Salt.
By thefe mixt Scents it is evident, that
Aromaticks and Fetids differ only in De¬
gree.
% ^

Money-wort has a Terebinthinate Smell, Nummula**

and a Bitterilh and AftringentTafte - by ria.
which it is an excellent Vulnerary in Ztl-
cers of the Lungs, and an Antifcorbutick;
and good in all Fluxes, us’d as#an Aflrin-
gent.
/ /

. Fellow Water-Lily: The Flower fmells Nymphsa

like Mu/fard-Szed; the Leaf taftes Watry flore Luteo
and
 and Rough: the Root fmells like Walnut-
Peel; and taftes Bitterilh and Acrid, like
the lame Peel. j

Nymphaea White Water-Lily: The Leaves of the

floreAlbo. Flowers are Mucilaginous, and a little
Hot; by which they are Diuretick. They
are moll us’d in Conferves.
The dried Roots fmell like Muftard, and
talte a little Acrid and Mucilaginous,
with an Aftringency. How it is uleful
in the Diabetes, and in all Fluxes, and in
Syrup to adt as an Hypnotick, I cannot
clearly apprehend ; but rather think it
to be an excellent Diuretick. I cannot
perceive any Poppy or Opiate-SmeW. The
Acrimony provokes Vrine, as much as
the Slime and Roughnefs can flop it.

i'

Oenanthe T 1C T ^ter - Dropwort taftes Sweetifli,

Aquatica. mj y Bitterilh, and Hot of the Fen-
* * nil-kind; and fmells like Wa¬
ter-? arfnip Aromatick j and therefore is
a good Diuretick.
C" * !

Ophioglof- Adders-Tongue: The Tafte is Mucila¬

lum. ginous,
 Part II. epontamoug ertglifl) giants. i59

ginous, Bitterilli, and a little Biting • the

Smell is Strong, Oyly, and Unpleafant.
Infus’d in Oyl, it makes the Oyl green.
It cures green Wounds, Burns, and Vleers.
It is not fit for inward TJle, being very
Naufeous, and not Aftringent.
Quaere, Whether it be not, by its Smell
and Tafte, and colouring Oyl green, re-
ferible to Luteola?

The Male. Fools-Stones :, The Leaves Orchis Mo;

tafte naufeoufly Bitter, and, rubb’d with rio Mas,
the Stalk, fmell a little Rank: The Flow-Macw
ers fmell Sweet, like Lilies. The Rootlatis*
taftes Sweet, Mealy, and Mucilaginous -
and is of the Vertue and Clafs of Lilies.
It is hard to believe the Venereal Vertue,
becaufe this Bulbous-Root willVomit, and , •
feems moft proper outwardly for Pultefes ;
as Lily-Roots: Yet the Rank Smell Ihews
■ fome Venereal Vertue. <■ * *

j c,; ■ \r

Englijh Wild-Marjoram is Bitterilli, Hot, Origanum

and Aromatick, like Marjoram. It is a vulgare.
good Cepbalick.

Broom-Rape taftes extreamly Rougli and Orobanchc

Bitterilh: It almoft choaks the Taller by
the Roughnefs; and therefore too much I

a Styptick for inward Ufej but is rather

a good
 ctjt €attt0 anD UttUxta of Partii.
a good external Vulnerary. It grows fail
/

in the Root of Broom; of which the In¬

genious Walter Chetwynl, of Ingeftry, in¬
form^ me: and I found it to grow out
of that Root. In Figure and Vertue it is
like Hypociftis.
, I) ■ y * ./**
-V k.-t " , . *

Oxyacan- Barberies i The Bark is Bitter, Aftrin-

tha. gent, and a little Slimy, Pungent, and A-
crid; by which it purges Choler, if the
Bark be deeped in Beer; as I tried it in
a Cholerick Perfon. The Berries are A-
cid, Aftringent, and good in Fevers and
Fluxes ■ from Choler: And they excite
Appetite.
t j

Hawthorne: The Leaves are Mucila¬

thus ginous ; the Fruit is Pulpy and Mucilagi¬
nous ; and therefore good for the Stone,
The Stones joyning with the Animal A-
cids, become Diuretick. The Bark is
Rough and Bitterilh; and the Flowers
fmeli Sweet and Faint. Pyracantha has
the lame Tafte and Vertue.

€em-
 Part ii. spontaneous ^ngltiij plants. 161
I

p
C
., t » • '
\
Orn-Red-Poppy: The Flowers have Papaver
a heavy Narcotick Smell; and Rhoeas.
tafle Mucilaginous, Sweet, and
a little Warm: The Syrup and Water are
moft ufed; which lafl has a Narcotick,
Oftenfive Smell, and carries much of the
Vertue. The Root and Milk are Bitter,
and extream Acrid. The Syrup and Wa¬
ter are mild Opiates. A ftronger Prepa¬
ration may be made out of the Roots.
The Leaves are outwardly Opiate • and
cool Inflammations. The Seeds are laid
to loofen the Belly ( which Opiates do ~)
in great quantiy. - :

Pellitory of the Wall: The Tafle is Parietaria.

Watrifli, Cool and Bitterifli, like Buglofs;
and therefore is accounted Nitrous. It
is ufed inwardly to cool Heats in Need¬
ed Coughs. It is but a Cool, Watry
Diuretick, ufed in Clyflers as an Emol¬
lient : Externally it is cooling in Eryfi-
pela x, Inflammations, Burnings, and Tumors.
Quare, Whether the Diuretick Ver¬
tue depends not much on the Sandinefs,
of the Leaves > The Vertue of the Herb
\ M %
is
 16z ct)e cades ant) flier tues of Part n.
is bed in Syrup for Coughs. I refer it
to Buglofs.

Parony¬ Common Whitloiv-Grafs is of an Acrid

chia vul¬ Crefs-Tafte and Vertue.
garis; | \

Rutaceo Rue Whitlow-Grafs is Bitteriih, and of

folio. an Aftr in gent Rough Tafte, and a little
Sweetifh; by which it checks the Putre¬
faction in the Kings-Evil. I tailed it de¬
caying, and not frelh.

Paftinaca Common Garden-Parfnep : The Root is

latifolia Sweet, Mucilaginous, and Aromatick ;
fativa. very Nutritive and Diuretick.

Paftinaca Carrot: The Roots are very Sweet and

(ativa te- Aromatick; and the Seeds are the fame;
nuifolia. being like Daucus-Szzd, Carminative and
Diuretick. v§ i 9

Water - Parjnep is of an Aromatick

Paftinaca
aquatica. Smell, and pleafant Parfnep-Tafte. The
Diftilled Water is Diuretick, and a little
Hot, as the Leaf taftes. ■ 'i

Peften Ve2 Venus’Comh is Sweet, Hot, and Aro¬

neris. matick ; like Chervil, in Tafte and Smell;
and of a Diuretick Vertue.
 Partii. epontaneougengligptantg. 7^

Red-Rattle feems to be of the nature of Pedicular*

the Pea-tribe, tailing Sweet ,• and fmelling Rubra vub;
like Green Peafcods. It is as good for gar is.
the Scurvy as Fitches, and is Diuretick.
V \

&ea, Red-Rattle has the lame Iweet Pedicula-

iaite, and is a little warm; therefore it is r’s Rubra
a good Diuretick. paluftris
elatior.
ve/v BWnffnH ‘a '^“’t Mu,cilaginous, Pedicufa-
P/‘ u ^,n^. 1 rather beIieve * «■ flavo.'
this Plan, would kill Lice, as Staphis agria
does,by its Acrimony, than produce them.
pj. , t.laT rea^0!1 St“phis agria is called
Tediculans It feems to be a notable
lure tick, by the Mucilage and Acrimony.
\

, CtWuef°yl; The Leaves tafte Rough; Pentaphyl-

the Roots Bittenfh and Rough, like Tor- lum. P X '
mentd. The Roots of eklier are ufefully
put into the Bitter Draught, without Se-
m, and given before ^.fits. It’s g00d
m all Fluxes of Blood’ and other Humors ♦
bemg a good inward Vulnerary. *
The Roots of Chquefoyl are Sub-acrid •
by which they are Diaphoretick in Fevers’.
> * • *■ \ f # •

Petty-Spurge is of a burning Tafte, and Peolus fiv-

of a Purgative Faculty, as all the Spurges
' / tunda. "
\r M * Honey-
U '
 164 ct)t Cafe anfc <33ertue0 of Part 11.
. ■

Periclytnc- Honey-Suckle: The Berries are Sweet

nuni. -and Slimy. Ten or Twelve fqueezed in¬
to Beer, purge. The Leaves have aBit-
terilh,Grafty,a little Mucilaginous,and Bit¬
in g-Tafte : This is a great Diuretick in the
Flowers, of which a Gonferve is ufed in an
Afihma. The Flowers are Mucilaginous,
Biting,Burning,and of an AromatickSmelh
An Oyl for Palfies is made of the Flowers.
Tlie Juyce of the Leaves is Diuretick.
Outere, Whether the Wood may not
be ufed, inftead of Lignum Nephriticum >
By the Figure of the Flower, and the
Bitteriih, Slimy, Acrid Tafte, I refer
this to the /Va-taftes. The Green-Leaves
rubbed, fmell like Green-Peafe. And the
Flower is like a Bean-Flower.

I’erficaria Spotted-Arfmart : The Roots tafte

Maculofa. Rough ; the Leaves Acrid, Rough, or
Acerb: Good in all Fluxes, and Cooling.

Perficaria Biting-Ar[mart: The Tafte is very Hot

Acris. , and Burning. The Diftilled. Water is'good
in the Stove. Outwardly in Cataplafms,
it difcufies and dilTolves hard tumors. By
the ftrong Acrid, it is a Ranunculus.
“ w » ' . *• , / % j % % < 1 ■ ; _
T 9 * -r* ** V-* v i 9 ■ f ’ N • ■*

Petafites. i Butter-lur : The Root and Leaves

* *
tafte much like Angelica, Sweet, Bitter-
iill
Part ii. spontaneous Cngltty plants i6$
• i t _ *

ilh, and very Acrid, but more unpleafant,

and fmells like it; with a Headiriefs or Fee-
tor ‘ of a Miihridate-f\zvor; and therefore
ufed as a Sudorifick in Pejlilential Fevers,
and in the Cough. ; - V "
*. > ' 4r

7^ ^ # * "v

ongue has a Rough Tafte, like Phyllitis,

/<?r»; and therefore ufeful for Vleers.
Fluxes, Splenetick Fermentations of the if /’
«■ * / A
-

Blood, and Diforderly Motions of Spirits,

*.*.*.’} '' A.

I < A ; ' ' *’

• J - i ./ i
in Fits of the Mother, and in Hot Con(It-
tut tons. It has a Fragrancy which is Cor¬
dial, when it is Infufed in Drink. A Fern-
Smell is in the Green-Leaves, * like talkm
But the Orix-Smell is more evident in the
-* -r y+*
dryed Leaves. L J.

Common-Burnet, Great and Little, hdve Pi/npinell'a

an Aromatick Cordial Smell, infilled in vulgari?.
Wine. The Root is very Rough and Bit- Sanguifor-
terifh • and therefore good in Fevers be- ^a* 1
fore the hits. The Green-Leaves are very
Slimy,and Rough after that Tafte is over:
The whole is a good Styptick and Vul¬
nerary ; and is good for Spittings of Blood '.
n ' ■ - v • A*. *
-
... - , ,
7 _ . N,
' Hffl
vc- fw ^ *

Burnet-Saxifrage ; The Roots, Seeds, Pimpinelh

and Leaves, are of a Sweet, Aromatick, Saxifraga
Hot, Parjley-Tafte, and Diuretick Vertue; m^or &
but much more Hot and Pungent than11111101 *
Parjley. I - - M 3 Butter-
 166 ebe Cafite ant) dertuee of Part n.
Pinguicula Butter-wort The Leaves are very :
Mucilaginous, Bitterilh, and Acrid. The
Flowers have a Fragrant Smell by which ;
they may purge and outwardly make ;
an Oyl like Adders-Tongue.* It feems to
be a fort of Violet. The Mucilage makes
it fit for Chops in the Breafts and Hands,
and colours Yellow.
I X . ■
r % * d " v
. . . .V ► . v • - * • -■

Pifum Ar- Field-Teafe .* The Leaves have a Sweet,

veme. Slimy, Raw Tafle. It will make a cool
diftified Water, and is Diuretick. The
Juyce cools Hot Bloods. And Scorbutick
Perfons, who have Lived on Salt Meats
at Sea eat Green-Teafe, and other Raw
Fruit.
*

v *” • Y ,

Plantago Water-Tlantane is of an Aftringent and

aquatica. Cooling Tafte, and ufed as fuch.

Plantago Common-Plantane : The Leaves are

vulgaris, Acid and Aftringent. Outwardly they
cool Inflammations and Burns. Inwardly
the Juyce is Cooling, Aftringent, and Di-
uretick. The Seeds are Mucilaginous,
but the Husks are Aftringent. In Pow¬
der it is ufed for Fluxes. The Juyce is
good outwardly in Vleers of the Leggs.
Quaere^ The Bitternefs of Tlantane.

, Tlantane-
Part ii. ©pontatteoujs Cngltflj pants. 167
Plantane-Rih-wort is boyled in Poflet- Plantago
Drink, and given before Agues, which it quinque-
cures by the crude Aftringency. nervia.
; ' • ‘ ^ ^ "
%

Milk-wort is Bitter, Mucilaginous, and Polygala*

a little Pungent; and fmells Fragrant,
like Tanfies; and is Purging. Violets,
Panfies, Butter-wort, and Milk-wort are of
an agreeable Smell, and all Purging more
or lefs; being Bitterilh, Mucilaginous,
and a little Acrid. ^ - V r, * O *
4« <i t '

Solomons-Seal: The Roots and Leaves Polygona*

are Mucilaginous, and a little Biting or turn vul-
Pungent, without, Aftringency. It is§are-
ufed boyled in Wine, or Powdered
for Ruptures. Outwardly it is Agglu¬
tinative, and Cofmetick; the Berries are
Vomitive.
1 I did not obferve the Bitteriflinefs nor
Aftringency ( as Galen did ) whichjoyn-
ed to a Mucilage and Acrimony, will
certainly render it Purgative.
Quaere, Whether the Berries be Sweet,
Bitterilh, and Naufeous ? v '
The Flowers and Leaves are like Lilies.
4 J ' J ,V v
j i
f.*.
-'.w
. 1
; r' - a. ■-
•• ' • »' • 1 - J
\
X C. ‘
iff t/

Knawelt: The Tafte is Bitterilh and A- P°lygo*

ftringent. It is of the fame Vertue as num.Gcr'
the ordinary Polygonum. manicurn,
M 4 Parkin-
 168 cbe trailer ano (3ectue0 of Part n.
* • *' *•. "* *- •• - - •**•-'**r *. - ■ * *• • / *

Parkinfon fays, The Seeds are Acrid,

as Herniaria is, and Diuretick.
*. ^ ' - * ’
- , ▼ I , v i
y

P olygo- Common Knot-Grafs tafles Acid and A--

num vul- flringent: It is therefore good in all hot
gare. Fluxes inwardly • and outwardly for In¬
flammations.
. > - *>
» l > f * > * . . ... \ t \ ■ t;

Polypodi- Polypoly : The Roots are lufcioufly

um. Sweet and Aflringent; of the Fern-TAke
and Clafs; but by the great Sweetnels it
is Laxative. The Leaves are Bitterilh,
Sweet, and Aflringent. It is accounted
a Lenient Purger; but is moll fit for Sple-
netick Diflempers, in Powder or Dcco&i-
J j
f *• j> v* >

on, nr i
t *

Populus White-Poplar: The Bark is Bitter, A-

alba. ent, and of a £<7m>/-Tafle.

Populus Abele : The Bark is Bitter, Aflringent,

alba fol. and of a Laurel-Tafle.
minoribus> ‘ . i"-k T P • • * i i t Pi : . , \ I’* $ . s f * tt • ^ ~§ :

Populus The Afpen-Bark is very Bitter, and of

Lybica. a Laurel, Bitter and Aflringent Tafle.
* i r*

Populus Black-Poplar: The Bark is Bitter and

nigra. Aflringent. Thele Poplars come the
nearefl to the Jefuits-Bark of any Englijh
Trees.
Narrow-
Part H. spontaneouspiant0. i69
" ■ ' " "r_i 1 '■ " ..«■■' “ i I - i <m

Narrow-Leaved Pond-weed is of the Potamo-

fame Tafte as Spotted Arfmart, Acid and £e'ton Per'
Aftringent,* and both have the Nature ^.car^ f°“
and Vertue of Polygonum. l0’
r - . v-♦ ■% or

4 \f \ ^ • * * A . , ' < ^ , *
, a •>» - ■» t

Cowflips: The Flowers fmell Fragrant. Primula

The Roots are Bitteriih, very Hot, and veris ma-
Biting. The, Leaves Sweet and Muci- ior<
laginous. The Syrup and the Water are
a little inclining to Sleep j but they have
no Narcotick Foetor; therefore act little as
fuch, by their Smell refrefhing the Spirits
more than Stupefying • or rather by a
fweet headinefs, overcoming the Spirits- « -A a
, f * A T \
**- . r * * . - - I . ' *. t \ », . \ \
2. w ~ Z! * r' i' x J % - J ... » i * V \ k . 5 •.

Common Primrofe: The Leaves fmell Primula

like frefh Marmalade. The Roots tafte vcr’s vul“
Bitteriih and Acrid • and fmell of the Sans-
Plant in Powder; which I ufe for Snulli: *
and it works as much as Hellelore.
The Roots may be put into Waters
for the Head. The Leaves are Sweet
and Mucilaginous. The Juyce of them
is Snuffed into the Nofe with Milk. The
Juyce of the Root, with equal quantity of
the Juyce of Marjoram, put into the Nofe
with a Thimble, purges the Head ftrong-
ly; and by Irritation in the Throaty Sali¬
vates and helps the Kings-Evil.
Primrofe has a Mucilaginous and Acrid
<■ A Talle*
 170 clit Catted anti mttim of Part n-
Talle; and aftrong tho’ pleafmg Smell>
by which it operates, in cauling Sleep.

Prunella. Self-Heal: The Leaves tafte Watry

and Mucilaginous ; by which it cools
the Mouth in Gargarifms.
Quaere, Whether Lyfimachia Purpurea
be of the fame kind, and both be La-
miums ? It is Bitterilh, Sub-aftringent,
Slimy, and good in Hetticks: It is alfo
Vulnerary.

Prunus Sloe-Tree: The Leaves and Bark are

flop Fluxes. The Syrup is moft ufea,

made of the Sloes, to flop any Evacuation,
and for Gargarifms. The Flowers Imell
like Orange-Yiowtts, and tafte Bitterilh.
They will make a Purging Syrup, and
yield an Aromatick Water very Cordial.
Pfeado- Cockle: It is a little Biting, and of the
melanthi-
js Vertues of Nigella.
um,lychnis
fegetum.
Ptarmica, Sneezemrt is Bitterilh, very Acrid, and
Aromatick, like Millefoile in the Scent;
and therefore a good Cephalick. It pro¬
motes Sneefing ; and chewed, it draws
forth Rheums like
T * ■ + k " v*

i
Part ii. epontaneon? Cnglity plant?. 171

Penny-Royal is Bitterilh, Hot, Acrid, Pulegium.

and Aromatick,* flying quick into the
Nofe; having in it a Volatile Oyly Salt,
as all Cephalicks have • by which it is
good in Hyflerick-FitSy Obftruttions of the
Womb, ana Convuljive Coughs, in Syrup •
and in Hoarfenefs, made as Thea. The
Smell of it is mixt of Aromatick and Fe¬
tid, as many other Hyflerick Medicines
be; as Matricaria &c.
*

Spotted Lung-wort is Watry and Muci- Pulmona-

laginous, like Burrage or Buglofs; and is ria niacu-
a little Bitterilh’, like them. It cools 1°^'
Hettical Heats, and Thirjl • and fupplies
a cool Jjympha.

Pafque-Flower is Burning like other Pulfatilla

Crow-foots. The Root is faid to be Sweet.
. .

Pear-Tree: The Bark and Leaves are Pyrus. ,

very Rough ,* therefore great Allringents.
Burgamo-Pears are Sweet, Sub-acid, and
Slimy ,• and the outward Rind Styptick. •
 Cl)t Cadana Maim# of Part u.

R. v /
' * f i \
R
■ *%

Ranuncu¬ Rowfoot : The greateft part of

lus. Crowfeet are Exulcerating and
Bliftering the tongue. I boyled
the Common-Crowfoot in Hoggs-Greafe;
but it would not blifter without Cantha-
rules. The dryed Roots promote Snee¬
zing. It cures Marks of the Skin, and
Warts, by railing a Blifler, and after¬
*• * t - "• ■ if*’
i V-' •.!. .1 i •
T V
wards a Cruft; and therefore hath a Cau-
^ 4
'V' * ■*
ilick virtue.. The round Root of Crow-
. foot rubbed, flyes quick up into the Nofe,
like Spirit of Sal-Ammoniack, which lliews
the Corrofivenefs to be in Volatile Salt:
And the Crowfeet fmell a little like Scurvy-
f'
11
\ *
•
l • f T,
Grafs.
.>
; ^ , s • - , ~ * *. V U :» - - • . *■ *• *- .
.... j - ■ ’ » *

Queerey Whether any Sweetnefs be in

Ranunculus, befides the Acrimony, be-
* ! j
caufe the Root of; Ranunculus Bullofus
taftes Sweet after drying ? And there is
a kind of Ranunculus, called, Pratenfts e-
r eftus dulcis, which may be eaten.
* ^ ♦
t

Ranuncu- Spear-wort is very Cauftick, if brui-

• lus Flam- fed and put upon the Skin with a
meus. Walnut - Ihell, where the pain of the
Gout is, or where any pain of the
Head lyes in a fmall compafs, by letting
' .. ‘ - out
Part ii. spontaneous Cnslift) plants. 173
out fome of the Stagnating Serum.
Quare, Whether any Bitternefs be in
it > I did not tafte any Bitter.

The Leaves,' Seeds, Raphanuss

JFTorfe - Radijb :
and Roots, are of a very Biting Crefs- Ruiticanu
Tafte and Vertue; and therefore Diure-
tick, Antifcorlutick, Stomachick, Splenetick,
and Antihydropick. The Leaves may be
ufed in Medicines, as well as the Roots
or Seeds, being Bitterilh and very Acrid.
The Lymphadufts have a Sweet Juyce;
Dr. Grew. And a Sweetnefs may be
tafted as well as a Bitterifli-Acrid, in the
dryed Root, when ufed in Diet.
/

Chadlock is of a Crefs-Tafte and Ver- Rapiftrum

tue, like Muftard.

furnep: The Seeds and Leaves tafte Rapum fa -

Acrid. The Root boyled is Sweet and dvum.
Mucilaginous: The old Root is Bitterifli.
It is of the fame kind as S'mapi or Crefes,
and therefore has a Volatile Salt in it,
which makes it Diuretick, Peftoral, and
Antifcorbutick. But it is Windy, from
the Mucilage and Volatile Salt combined
together; as in Garlick. Leeks, &rc.
The Roots being roafted, are ufed in
drawing Pultejfes for Scorbutick Tumors,
#
t the
 i74 t €a tfeg anti flier tues of Part n.
the Scrophulce, Swelled Breafts, and Gto#.
The Green-Leaves fmell, when rubbed.
Acrid, like Horfe-Radijh, or Crejfes.
The Seeds of the Wild-Turnep yield
Rape-Oyl, which with Sugar cures the
Aphthas in Children. Syrup of Turneps is
very Sweet, and has a ftrong Smell; by
which it is an excellent Pedoral in Thu¬
rifies. The Broth of Turneps fweetned
with Sugar, is a pleafanter Medicine than
Rape-Oyl, for the Aphtha?.

Rapuncu- Rampions: It is a Milky Plant, Sweet

lIS- and Sub-acrid. It is good for Diet: And,
as Phyfical, it is Pedoral and Diuretick,
by the Acrimony.

Rapuncu- Sheeps-Scahious: The Tafte is Sweet

te capitulo andH0t)
a Smdl a b°th
Httle in LeaVeS andR00t:
Meliowy< lt

Rhamnus Buckthorn: The Berries tafte Sweet at

catharticus fkft . then Mucilaginous, Bitter and
Rough. The unripe Berries in Alum-
water colour Yellow; when ripe, Green.
• The Syrup made in B. M. fo that the
Colour and Vertue in the Skin may be
Extraded, looks of a Red colour, and
purges very ftrongly, from one Spoon-
; 111 to four. The new Syrup purges vio-
n lently,
Part ii. epontaneoug engl® plants. 17 $
lently, and lofes of the flrength after two
Months. It gripes leaft, if made of Ripe
Berries: The Berries are taken from Fif¬
teen to Twenty-Five, to Purge. The
Bark of the Tree is a little Rough, Bitter,
and Mucilaginous; and may be put into
Diet-Drinks, with Dwarf-Elder Roots and
Orris, to purge; to which add Daucus,
Juniper-Berries, and Wormwood. The
Bark fmells fomething Fragrant. The
Syrup is proper for Hydropical Perlbns.
) '
\ ■ % 1 X - ' ' I

Sun-Dew: The Tafte is Rough, Acid, Ros Solis,

and Acrid, and has a -So/v^Z-Smell: The
Acrid is not tailed till after a while. If
applied outwardly, it exulcerates like
Ranunculus. It is put into Cordial-Wa¬
ters, gives a Yellow colour, and has
an Anti-Peflilential Vertue. The dryed
Ros Solis talles very Acid, like Sorrel,
and Rough • for which reafon, Ibme may
give it in Spitting of Blood - but the la¬
tent Acrimony is to be fufpedted • which
makes it to be a Crowfoot.

Eglantine-Rofe talles as the Dogg-Rofe, Rofa SyJ-

but fmells more Sweet and Fainty. veftris o-
dora.
Dogg-Rofe: The Flowers are Bitterilh, Rofa Syl-
Slimy, and ARringent: If they be boyled veftris ea¬
rn nina-

1
 in Whey, they will purge as Damask-Rofes.
The Fruit taftes Acid, and fo does the
Conferve• which therefore will quench
Thirfi, and cool the Cholerick Blood. I
have diftilled a very Fragrant Spirit from
the Fruit,after Fermentation. The Dogg-
. Rofe tranfplanted into Gardens, lofes the
Smell. The Fruit mull lye arid putrefie,
' /:- before the Conferve be made: The boy1-
ing in Water takes away the Acid from
it. The tafte of the Spongy Excrefcency
is Bitterilh and Aftringent; it fmells like
the Rofe, is Pungent or Warm, and is
given in Spitting of Blood. The Root is
very Bitter and Aftringent, and may cure
the Biting of Mad-Doggs, by thole quali-
ties. All the Rofe-Roots are Bitterilh and
Aftringent, but the White feems the molt
Aftringent. I did not perceive any Acri¬
mony in them. The Leaves are Slimy,
Mealy, Bitterilh and Rough.
*

Rubia tin- Madder-Roots are Yellow at fir ft get-

ctoria. ting, and then turn Red. They Tafte
Bitter, Aftringent and Acrid; and there¬
fore are a good Hepatick by bothTaftes:
When dry, they are moft Aftringent and
Vulnerary. They are Styptick in all Fluxes,
and Dye Red. The Flowers fmell plealant,
as Gallium Flowers do.
Raflerry:
part ii. spontaneous Cngliflj pants.
Rafberry: The Berries have a Fragrant, Rubus I-
Violet or Ofm-Smell; and a Sweet, Sub- dsus*
acid and grateful Tafte. They make a
oleafant Cordial Wine, Syrup, and diftil-
ed Water ; which are all Cordial and
Cooling. The Leaves are Aftringent.

Bramble: The Leaves and Flowers are

Bitteriili and Aftringent. The Ripe Ber- garis «
ries are Sweet, Sub-acid, Slimy, and a
little Rough. They are good for Sore-
Mouths, and ufed in Dyfuries, and for the
Scurvey. A grateful Wine is made out
of the Juyce of the Berries. The Root
taftes Bitterifh, a little Acrid, and very
Rough, by which it may be Diuretick,
The Sprouts from the Roots tafte fertfibly
Hot, and very Rough. The diftilled
Water from the Leaves and Flowers of
the Bramble is Fragrant.

*
S. S.\
j1’4 ■, > .

Rroxv-Head is Sweetiln, and a little Sagittarius

warm, like Water-Parfnep; and major,
therefore may be Diuretick, It
is accounted like Water-Plantane and
Sparganium : If fo, Waper-Plantane and
I

1.7 8 Che Catte0 ant) Clertue0 of Part it

Sagittaria may be placed in the fame
Clafs of crude Plants.

Salix lati- Sallow and Willow: The Leaves are

folia &an- Mucilaginous,, and of a Sorrel Smell,
guftifolia. . ag
Salix folio Ofier : The Bark, Leaves, and Juyce
longiflimo. of all them are Bitterifh, Rough, and
* „ good for all Fluxes.
,
1 f

Salix Odo- Sweet-Willow tafles very Bitter and

rata. Rough; and fmells Fragrant, if rubbed.

Salix folio The Bay-leaved Willow is very Bitter

utrinqjgla- and Rough, and tafles and fmells like
bro viren- Laurel; and therefore fit to be tryed, in-
te,five lau- Reac{ 0f the Cortex Peruvianas.
reo, five a-
Salvia^-0 Wood-Sage fmells flrong like Hops,
greftis. ~ tafles very Bitter, and is of the Vertue of
Scordium, viz. Diaphoretick,Diuretick, Sple-
netick, Vulnerary and Cleanfing. It may be
ufed in Drink like Hops, which has been
tryed by my felf, and others. A double
quantity is to be put into the Drink,
viz. as much again as the ufiial quantity
of Hops. It is to be referred to the
Lamium-QMs.
*

Sambucus Water-Elder : The Bark tafles naufe-

aquatica. oufly
Part ii. spontaneous Cngliff) plants. 179

oufly Bitter, and is fit to vomit. The

Berries are Bitter, Acid, and Mucilaginous.
I made a Syrup of them very naufeous.
The Leaves are alfo naufeoufly Bitter *
and finell like Curra/n-Leavcs. I gave
my Dogg of the Juyce of the Berries,
three or four Spoonfuls ; and of the
Leaves and Stalks Decocted, one handful:
but they neither purged nor vomited him.
The Flowers fmell Sweet.
- * ,

# Common-Elder: The Barit is Mucila- Sambucus

ginous and Bitter; and is ufed for a Vo- vulgaris,
mit. Three handfuls of the Inner-Bark,
boyled in Two Pound of Milk and, Wa¬
ter, to One Pound ,* give half of it in
the Morning, and the reft at Night, to
vomit and purge i f Sydenham of the
Dropflel) The Leaves are Slimy, Bitter,
and Naufeous • and are not good inward¬
ly, but outwardly in Baths, for Inflam¬ .
mations ; in Pulteftes, and in Oyls and
Oyntments for the Piles and Gout. They
dilcufs much,» and are good for Bunns.
They have a ftrong (linking Smell. '
The Flowers put into Ale, make a good
Drink for the Scurvy and Dropfie as well
as the Berries. ...
. A %nt made of Elder - Berries or
Flowers, is good in the Scurvy .* The Ber-
TV? ^ - " 'is
n * tm

i
 i Bo el}t Cafe auD GXtxtms of Part n.
•* « * • * • .. * /

ries are Mucilaginous, Sweet, and Sub¬

acid. The Syrup is bed; made of them
in a Jugg fet in Water; by which Infufion,
the Vertue is taken out of the Skins and
Stones, and looks more Red, and taftes
iefs Naufeous than the Apothecaries Sy¬
rup, made by Exprelfion. The Syrup
made by Baking is more Heady and
Spirituous. The Flowers make a plea-
fant Fragrant Water, like Orange-Ylowers,
, Bitterilh, Acrid, and Aromatick; where¬
by they are Cephalicky Diuretick) and
Carminative.
The Water is good for Freckles of the
Face ; for which the Infufion of the
Green-Leaves is alfo good. - > y A®
The Syrup is good in Hot Scurvies,
Sere-Mouths, and Hot Dropfical Cachexies.
* ■

Canicula. Sanicle is Bitterilh, ARringent, Sub-

acrid, and like Turpentine in Tafle • and
fmelis of Balfamy and is a Refinous Tur¬
pentine Plant; and therefore Vulnerary,
externally and internally; and it is ufed
. as a Styptick. ' - ^ h ■ical
%

Saponaria Common Soapvoort is Mucilaginous, Bit-

vulgaris, ter, and a little Acrid: and therefore may
be Diuretick and Sudorifick. The Leaves
may be laid on Iffues: It may be good
v. V V ’ ** * *
for

>
Part ii. Spontaneous eaglifo plants. 181
for Z/lcers, as it is Healing and Cleaning,
by the Mucilage and Bitter. Outwardly
it difcufles ftrongly like Elder, and is like
in Vertue to it. The Flowers fmell
Sweet, and very Strong, by which it
feems to be a Lychnis.

White-Saxifrage is Bitterifh, Aftringent, Saxifraga

and a good Vulnerary: It has alfo a little a'^a-
Heat, by which it is Diuretick.

Golden-Saxifrage is Bitteriih, Hot, and Saxifraga

Aftringent, with a Rellilh like Meadow- aurea.
Saxifrage; of the Vertue of the former.

Meadow-Saxifrage : The whole Plant Saxifraga

taftes Sweet and Hot; is Aromatick both Anglicana.
in Tafte and Smell, and ftrongly Diure¬
tick. It is of the Fennil-CMs.

Scabious is very Strong, Bitter, and Scabiofa.

Aftringent; and in the Flowers a little A-
crid. The Syrup and Decodtion of the
Juyce cleanfe the Breaff are Sudorifick
and Alexipharmack. Outwardly it is
good for the Itch, Tetters, and Dandrijf
of the Head. Inwardly it is good in
Jaundice, and helps Digefiion.

Water-Germander is very Bitter, Aftrin- Scorditim,

Ir* ‘ N 3 gent,
 I
(

182, eijecafte0an&$ertue0of Partii.

_ ‘ \ y y

«■ l *>• « " ‘.vi* . - \ •

gent, Hot, and Acrid; and therefore Su¬

doriftek and Alexipharmack in the Plague,
and Peftilential Fevers, in diftilled Waters.
Externally it cleanfes Vleers, and is good
for Gangreens in Fomentations. Scoraium
iittells like Garlick, and is therefore Diure-
tick, good for Worms, and a ftrong Peftoral.
Scoraium is good in Sordid 7Jleers, and is
Vulnerary. The Acrimony of it is like a
Garlick Pungency. By the Tafte and Fi¬
gure it is referible to the Lamium-Chfs.
• ' *>.

Scrophula- Fig-wort: The Leaves tafle very Bit-

ria- ter, and fmell like Elder. The Roots
are Rough, and lels Bitter, and have Knobs
like Kernels or Piles • for which they are
ufed in Oyntments, difeuffing them, as
the Elder-SmtW Ihows. The tame Oynt-
ment is good in a Malignant Scab, and
in Cancrous Vleers. \ J .y

• / , i f ^ '4 r k , ^1* %-
- / 7 / 1

Secale. Rye Taftes Sweet, as other Corn does :

It is more Mucilaginous than Wheat; and
therefore lefs eafie for Conco&ion: And
the Meal is more moiftening than Wheat-
Meal in Pultejfes.
v f'

•- h- MX

Sedumma- Great-Houfteek taftes Waterilh, very

jus vulgare Rough, and Aft r in gent. The Syrup of it
• and the Water are very Cooling and A-
, w ’ ' ftringerit
Part n. spontaneous Cagtifl) iftlantg. 18

ftringent in Fevers, efpecially in Hetticks,

and in all Fluxes. The Oyntment cools
all Inflammations, Cancers, and Eryfipelas's j
and cures Tetters, and Burns. If the
bruifed Leaves be applied, they curt Corns.

Prick-madam, or Stone-crop, taftes Wa-Sedum mi-

terifti, Acid, and Rough. The Root Bit- ^ernu:
terilli and Aftringent. It is of the nature
of the former, Cooling and Aflringent.
, + ' ' * ■ • >

Wall-Pepper : The Tafte is burning Sedum

Hot, and Exulcerating. Outwardly it parvum a-
blifters .* Taken inwardly it vomitscrc n-lureo'
Itrongly. ■ By the great Acrimony, the
diftilled Water is Diuretick; and if it be
made into an Oyntment, it difcuiles Tu¬
mors, and the Scrophulte. The Decobtion
of it with Alum and Honey, cures putrid
Fleih, growing in Scorbutick Gums.

Gromdfel: The Leaves tafte Bitteriili, Senecio

Sweet, Hot, and Mucilaginous; and fmell vulSans-
Sweet, like Parfnep. The Root taftes
Naufeoufiy Bitterilh and Acrid. The
Juyce or DecO&ion vomits. The Syrup
of the Juyce purges Sucking Children.
Outwardly it is ot a difeufting Faculty,
and emollient in Inflammations, Ttamors,
Itch,Gout,and Wind. Its givenHorfesfor
the Botts. N 4 The
 Senecio The Greater Erigerum fmells Strongeft
StusvWcT-anciPJeafanteft^and is of a Bitterilh, Hot,
ratus vifci anc| slimy Talte; the Smell relembles
dus. _/•* / ^ ** I) / ¥ • M ^ • /•

Angelica or Parfnep. It is very DilcuRing

and Emollient.

Serpyllum. ofThyme is Bitterilh, Hot, Acrid,

and Aromatick; and therefore Cephalkk,
Stomachick} Carminative and TJterine.

Sideritis Smooth Broad-Leaved Ironwort tafles

dfolla15 a* ^tter^1’ Slim^ a°d Sub-aftringent ,• and
fmells like Dead-Nettle or Betony. Out¬
wardly and inwardly it is Vulnerary, by
the Mucilage and Bitter-Aftringency.
yj
Sideritis
Anglica
Clowns All-heal is Bitterilh and Rough,
ftrumofa like Betony ; _ fmells like Dead-Nettle;
radice. and the Talte is the lame. It is accounted
a Vulnerary.. ' * JB3

Sinapi vul- Common-Muftard is a great Diuretick

gam . m DropjjeS' If three fp00nfu]s 0f the
powdered Seed be put into a Bottle of
Ale, it will fometimes put by a -Fit of a
Quartane Ague in the declination. - It is
alfo a great Anfifiorhutick. The Talte
is Bitterilh, very Hot and Acrid; yielding
a Volatile Salt in Diltillation. - Out¬
wardly it is good for Scorbutick Pains,
and
 /
•V

Part ii. &pontanfoug Ctigliift piantg. 18 ?

and Foul Vlcers ; and inwardly it is a
cleanfing Vecloral, and fit for a Garble in
the Lethargy. It is Sternutatory; it
excites an Appetite, and helps Digeftion.
All which it does by the Acrid, Volatile
Salt, which will blifter a little.

Water-Farfnep has the tafte and fmell of gium a-

Tarfnepy and is of the fame Vertue; Dili- quaticum.
retick in the diftilled Water, and good in
tumors of the Breafts, that are Scrophulous.
\

»
9 '
‘ r .

Common Uight-jhade : The Leaves Solanum

tafte Waterifli and Slimy, with a littlevulgare.
Biting or Heat, and a little Rough; when
pounded they fmell like Green-Sauce ;
which fhews their crudenefs. The Ber¬
ries tafte Sweet and Mucilaginous. The
Leaves prefled in the Hand, have a ftrong
Smell, not unlike Chocolate.
I gave a Dogg twelve Spoonfuls of
the Juyce of the Leaves, he was Sick after
it, and Dull; but not Stupid, as by a Nar¬
cotick. An Oyntment may be made of
the Leaves, like Stramonium Oyntment;
Cooling Inflammations and Eryjipelas, and
Healing fetters and Scalds. The Root is
Mucilaginous, Strong, and Offenfive, like
other Solanums. The Berries are Green
within, and tafte Naufeous.

* v V /

^ # , y <*

f * , • . • V
 186 cije Caftrs anD eicrtues of Part il
Solanum Deadly Night-fhade : The Leaves are
lcthale.
of a ftrong Narcotick Smell, and are
Mealy, Slimy, and Hot, ( Parkinfou fays,
Bitter. Quaere.) The Root is Mealy, Mu¬
cilaginous, and of a ftrong Oflenftve O-
piate Smell. An Oyntment is made of
the Leaves for Cancerous Pains • and the
Leaves, are applyed whole to Cancers.
The Berries have aPurplifh-Juyce, and
are accounted Poyfonous to Children.
Dr. Grew fays. The Root is Sweet.
Quaere.

Solanum Bitter-Sweet, or Woody Night-Jhade :

lignofum.
It hath a Smell like other Solanums; and
therefore is Narcotick. The Bark is very
Hot, Bitter, and Slimy. The Leaves have
the lame Tafte, and therefore may be
Purgative. The Bark is ufed for Hydro-
pical Perfons, to purge and provoke Vrine:
Itwoiks churlilhly. The Leaves are out*
vai dl} ufed in Inflammations^ and Itching
Tumors of the Hands and Feet. The Be£
ries are Sweet, very Naufeoufly Bitter and
Slim} ; and therefore are Purgative and
Vomiting, very violently. The Roots
lmell like Hounds-Tongue. And the other
Solanums feem to me to referable that
Smell rather than Poppies.
The Dogg to whom I gave Thirty of
V the
Part n. spontaneous €rtgliflj plants.
the Berries, neither vomited, purged, nor
flept, but dyed Mad, within three hours.
*^T „ .. . ft _ ^ ’ *

. 9 * ■

Bind-weed : I tailed it in the Soldanella

Shops, and it was Bitter, Mucilaginous, manna.
and Acrid ,* and therefore as other Bind¬
weeds, very Purgative in Hydropical Per-
i «i-> '-*• w. ^ -v. ,

fons. The Plant has a Milk as other

Bind-weeds have.
' '7 i ,v ' " i

Sow-1hifile is in the Root and,: Milk Sonchus.

Bitterer than in the Leaves. It is of the
nature of Dandelion. The Leaves are
moll Cool and Bitterifh; and the Root
moil Aperitive. The Leaves are good
for Plot tumors: And boyled, it is good
to give Nurfes to increafe Milk. The di-
ftilled Water is good for Freckles, and
the Root is a good Diuretick.
r-
TV
Flix-weed hath a Crefs-Smell, when SophiaChi-
rubbed, but ftinks at firfl. It has arurgorum.
Crefs-Tafte, and a Diuretick Vertue. It
is erroneouily recommended as Allrin-
gent; but may be a good Difcutient and
Antihyfterick by the Foster, and Diuretick
by the Acrid Salt. It is good to cleanle
Vlcers.
i

'. Sovhus {yl-

The Sorhe-lree is Bitterifh, and A ft r in- veftris tor-
gent minalis.

r
 €|)t Cageg anti ffiertueg of Part n.
gent in Bark and Leaf. The Fruit is
Acid and Rough • and both are good for
Fluxes: For which a Rob may be made
out of the immature Fruit.

veftrislm- a ■ The Bark is Bitter and

cuparia, fi- ^^nSem, like Laurel- Bitters. The
ve Fraxi- -^effjes are Bitter and Acid. They are
nusBubulaS00c' in the Dropfe in Diet-Drinks, as
' vf
they are Purging. This is rather an Ajb%
-y ~

by the ftrong-Bitter. . ",

H ■

Spergula. Spurry is of a crude Juyce, like Chick-

weedi and is referible to the Chick-weeds.

Sphondy- Coiv-Parfnep: The Root is Sweet, Bi-

hum. ting, and of a Parfnep-Tafte. The Seeds
are Hot and Acrid,and of a (Irons; Smoakv
Smell, but very little Aromatick ; anal
therefore accounted an Ifferick.
Staphylo- Bladder-Hut: The Leaves tafte Rou^b
dendrum.
and tl ie Huts Sweet and Naufeous. & *
Tanfie
am
 Part ii. spontaneous Cnglifl) plants. 189

T /

»
/ ■

Anfte tafles Strong, Bitter, andTanace

Acrid, and is of an Aromaticktum-
Smell, like Feaver-few. The
Juyce is given for the Worms. The Con-
ferve is Hepatick in Dropfies, and good in
Colicks. The Seed is given for the •
Worms, and is Bitter, Acrid and Diuretick.

Tew-Tree: The Berries are Mucilagi- Taxus,

nous and Sweet, and are eaten Innocently;
but the Seed in them is very Bitter and
Naufeous; and therefore caufes a Diar¬
rhoea. The Leaves have a bitteriih, crude
Tafle, without any Narcotick Smell. It
is like the Turpentine-Trees by the Green-
nefs; but the mofl crude and fixt of all
that kind. The Wood hath no offenfive
Tafle , but feemed a little Hot on my
Tongue. The Leaves are not unlike Firr,
A poor Woman at Elford in Stafford-
jhire, gathered up the cuttings of the
Bows of the Tew-Tree, in the dry Year,
and gave them to her Cow j upon the
eating of which fhe dyed. But it may
be the drynefs of the Leaves made them
offenfive to the Stomach or Wind-pipe.
I ; Orpin
 190 Ct)t Caftc0 ana siertue0 of Part iT.
1 - 111 I ii r II

Telephium Orpin is Mucilaginous and Watry, like

Purjlain. A Syrup of it cools and heals
the Exulcerate Guts, in a Dyfentery. Roaft-
ed in the Embers, and pounded with
Swines-Greafe, it cures White-Flaws. It
is outwardly good for Inflammations ,
Zfo/w and Scalds. The Leaf braifcd may
r be laid to any Green Wound. The Roots
are knobbed like the Tiles. And a cool¬
ing Oyntment of them is better than an
Amulet for the Tiles.

ThaMrum Meadow-Rue is of a Dry, Bitterilh, and

Sweet Tafte, and of a ftrong Scent. It
may loolen the Belly, and leems to be like
Columbine of the Pea-GMs. Galen makes
it a Vulnerary.

Thlapfi. Treacle-Muflard is of the fame Acri¬

mony as Common-Muflard, but more Bit¬
ter, and fmells like Garlick. It is Diu-
retick and Tetloral. Outwardly it is
good for the Sciatica, and Foul Ulcers*
The Seed is very Acrid.
: 'I > v* *■ 4 - v
.

Lime-Tree: The Bark is Mucilaginous,

and good for Burns, and Sore-Mouths;
There is an Acrimony, and alfo a Bitter-
ilhnefs in it. The Flowers are of the
feme Tafte, and very Fragrant, Cordial,
Part ii. spontaneous
•- - - — _____
plants 191 y

and Antepileptick; for which we ufethe

diftiiled Water. The Berries are ac¬
counted Adringent.

Spurge: All Spurges have a Milk of a Tithyma-

Bitterilh and Exulcerating Tafte. They *us-
are Purging and Vomiting; and by the
Acrimony they blifter the Skin. Twenty
Seeds given in Bread and Butter to a
Dogg purged him but little. This
that I gave him was of the Wood-Spurge;
but Thirty Seeds of Sun-Spurge, and after-
wards a handful of Leaves deeped in Milk
and Water, purged nothing. The Milk
is good for Warts. The Milk dropped 1. i
into Water difFufed it felf immediately,
like Tindure of Benjamin. The Milk
mixed with Vinegar huft a little; with
Spirit of Harts-horn it mixed readily, but
turned of a brown colour. The pounded
Herb fmells Acid, and not of any (Irons
Scent. # ^
D, ^

Drop three or four drops of the Milk

into a Figg, and dry it, give two or three
Figgs. The Juyce takes off the Hair:
mixed with Oyl it cures Warts; and re¬
moves the Callus of Fijiulds.
The Milk is dronged, the Leaves and
Seeds next, and the Root lead.
The Lixivium of Spurge has a Caudick
Ht*4 ' Quality.
i. * / 9 ‘ * •

\
 i9z Che Cate ant) fllerfue0 of Part it.
Quality. There being but little Smell
in' Spurge. The Volatile Acrid is coagu¬
lated into a Gum, with theOyl, by an A-
cid; and this Gum mixt with Water, gives
a Milk as other Gums do. The Acrimony
depends not on an Acid, becaufe Vinegar
corrects the Acrimony: And another Ar¬
gument, of the Gummofity is from the
Purging Facuity in all Spurges.

Tormen- 7'ormentil: The Root is Rough, Bitter**

rilla, ifh and Sub*acrid: It Hops all Fluxes by
the Aftringency. It Hops the violent
Fermentation of the Blood in Malignant
Fevers, joyned with Fluxes. It is a good
' Styptick in Vulnerary Potions and a
good Antefebrifick, refembling the Tafie
of the Jefuits Powder.
/ i .• L-

\, . . * V 'V^ul

Tracheli- Throat-wort has a Bitter ifh Milk, thick

mn majus. pfce Curds: and is called Throat-wort, be-
caufe the Decodrion is good m Sore-
Throats^ and Vlcerated Mouths. It taftes
Mucilaginous and Sweet, and is a Rapun-
• . 1
cuius.
4 V - ■ 1 ♦ t . ■ /

1 / * ■ . , . '

Tragopo- Goats-Beard is Sweet, Waterilh, and

gon. Milky: and is good to eat, being drefled
like Parfneps; or the crude Root in Sablets.
t I

Black*

✓
 Part ii. spontaneous ^ngliflj Pants. 193
• *

Black. Maiden-hair has a Feme-Tade; Trichoma-

and is good for Vicerations in the Lunp ncs*
and Kidneys, by the Adringency, Sweet-
nefs^ and Bitterriefs.
/ > , . i
* 4 - . 4
t >

Wood-Sorrel tades very Acid. The Tri folium

Syrup, Conferve, Joyce, and didilled Wa- acetofum.
ter, cool Thirds in Fevers. Wide Ace-
tofella.
. .• * ■ ^ ? V. * .

* f ;■ • - •

FJoney-Siickle-Trefoyl: The Roots and Trifblium

Leaves are Bitter and Hot, with a Pea- Piatenfe-
Tafte. purpurc-
urn.
\ -J* ' • • v ■< :<•:*#- i • >
^ • .t' * “ mf ' , ^ %

White Honey-Suckle-Trefoyl is of a Pea- Tri folium,

Tade, and Rough; The Flowers are ^ore alt>o.
fweet as Honey-Suckles in Smell.
f 'H . ■ ,' •

*' \ h- ' ¥ / •,< ,«•, * / > - , •

,s ' * , . • '

Clover-Grafs is like the IPoney-Stickle- Trifbliu m

Trefoyl. The Leaves have a fweet Pea- purpurc-,
Tade, and are very Biting; and Acrid.um niajus
The Root is Sweet arid Acrid; ^tivum.
' ' tv '

'■ t - - ,r ^ / *■’ > *

< f - ,

.Fellow-Trefoyl tades Rough in the Trifolium

Leaves, but refembles Teu-Tades in the kiteum.
Flower and Root; and tades Hot or Acrid
at the lad. 1
‘‘ ...

v ’ #5‘ r * . } ?; > « «

. Hop-Trefoyl has a.fweet T^-Tade,Trifolium.

and is Rough. hipulinum
, 0
 194 ctie cal!£0 ant) Clertnegof Partii.

Trifolium Tellowifk Meadow-frefoyl is very Rough

hirfutum in Tafte, with a Tea-Smell.
lago poi*
ery Rough

Trifolium Purple-wort has a fweet Pea-Tafte, and

fol. purpu- is very Rough. It is good in the Bleed¬
ings of the Purple Fever. The Acrid Tre¬
foils are Diuretick. I

Trifolium Buck-Bean: The Leaves are very Bit-

pahiftre. ter, and tafte like a Peach-Kernel. It is
good in Diet-Drinks for the Scurvy; and
tor Arthritick Pains. And I have heard
them commended for a Cure of the Drop-
fie. There is no Acrimony in the Tafte,
yet it is much commended in the Scurvy.

Triticum. Wheat taftes Sweet and Slimy, and is

of good nourifhment. The Flowrer is
fTQcd in Small-Beer, to ftop Overflowings
of the Blood, and other Hemorrhages and
/
Fluxes. Mace or Indian-Wheat is as fweet
•

as Sugar. •
 r

Rough, and a little Hot; and therefore is

a good Pedoral and Vulnerary. It fmells
fomewhat like Enula campana. Out¬
wardly it cools Inflammations. The
Flowers lmell and look like Groundfel.
By which it may be of the fame Clafs.
' • v

^ r _ **- •
% J' __

Cats-Tayl: The Root is very Clammy,

Mucilaginous, and Cooling. The Muci¬
lage may be good in Pi afters, but not in¬
wardly ; it being thick like Bird-lime.

~|jH| Ilberries are Sweet and Sowre;

If j the Quiddany is ufed for Loofe-
nejfes. The Leaves tafte .Sowre
and Rough. The Root Bitterilh and
Rough. The Berries are boyled with
Alum and Gallsf for a Blue Colour.

tinia and Ruhus, are of the like nature.

The tenfis.
 196 cfte Cato ann cHertuc0 of Part a
The Leaves are Bitterilh and Mucilagi¬
nous. And the fame is the Tafte of all
forts of Valerian. The Root is an excel¬
lent Pe&oral and Diuretick: And the
Leaves are Clearifing and Agglutinating
in Wounds and Vleers of the Mouth. Va¬
lerian Flowers at firfl fmell Fetid; after
their lying a while to fpend their Feetor,
they fmell like Jafminf. Wild Valerian
Flowers have a Strange,Fainty Xi/y-Smell.
The Root is fo like Serpentaria Virginianay
that I believe it a Subftitute. It is ufed
in Comjulfious and Epilepfies.
Diofcorides deferibes the fmell of the
Root to be Fragrant, like Nardus1 with
fome Fa:tor: By which it may be Ante-
pileptick and Purgative like Afarurn/vet
the quantity of an Ounce and half.

Verbaf- White Mullein: The Leaves are Watry,

cum florc Bitterilh and Cool. The Flowers are Mu¬
liiteo vul- cilaginous and Bitterilh, and Anodyne
gare. in Oyntments for the Haemorrhoids, or
in Pultelles with Yolks of Eggs, white
Bread, and Leeks juyeed. The Root is
Waterilh, Bitterilh, and Aftringent. Mul¬
lein < is ufed in Coughs, as Buglofs. The
Flowers fmell a little Fragrant, which
argues a little Heat with the Waterifli-
\
nefs. But becaufe of the Aftringency
. ... and
C
and Pectoral Vertue, I refer it to the La-
tniums. • .

Vervain is very Bitter, Aftringent, and Verbena.

Sub-acrid, like the Laivrel-Qittets; and
therefore Vulnerary. It is good in Ob-
, Jaundice, Coughs, and Nepbritick
7 md good againft Tertians and Ar-
thrhicks. Outwardly it is Vulnerary, and
a Cleanfer in Putrid Takers, and Garga-
rifms. It is alfo Splenetick and Cephalick,
having the fame Bitternefs as Black Cher¬
ry-Trees ; by which, Pains of the Head,
depending on Fevers, are ftopt.
y 9 ^ r #■ 1

Tree-Stone-Crop, (I found it in Sir Ri- Vermicula-

chard Nudigate’s curious Garden,to whom f1S ^rLUex-
I am oblig’d for molt of my Rarities:)
The Tafte is Watrifh anACrude; and it
is of a crude Smell, and of a cooling Ver-
tue. , 7.

Speedwell, or Fluellin, is Bitterilh, Sub- Veronica

acrid, and Aftringent inwardly and out- pratenfis
wardly. It is a Vulnerary, and good a- minor,
gainft Fevers, TJleers of the Lungs and
Kidneys. Outwardly it cures Wounds, ?Jl-
cers, andSoa/c; And feems to be of the
Dead-Nettle-CMs, having the fame Ver¬
tue.
9 3 Common

4
Vicia. Common Vetch, or Tare, is of a Pea-
Tafte, and Rough: The Juyce is given •
in the Scurvy, to hinder the great Fer¬
mentation of the Blood.

Vicia flore Burpie-flower d Vetch has a very fweet

Purpureo. /V^-Tafte.

Vicia flore Tellow-flower d Vetch is very Adrin*

Flavo. gent, and has a little fweet Tea-Tafte.
I * *

Viola Mar- Purple-Violets: The Green Leaves are

tia Purpu- Mucilaginous; and therefore Cooling and
tea. • emollient in Fulteffes for Inflammations.
1 he Flowers are Mucilaginous, and a little
Acrid, and of a Fragrant Smell. The Sy¬
rup purges a little, cools and lenifies
Coughs, and is Diuretick. The Seeds are
t Mucilaginous, Acrid, and Diuretick in E-
rmlfions * and fometimes purge and vomit.
The Cordial Faculty lies in the Fra-
grancy.

Viola Tri- Tanflcs: The Leaves are Plot, Acrid,

color. Mucilaginous, and Mealy • and therefore
Emollient: The Smell is drong, like 0-
range-l lowers; the diddl'd Water fmells
like them, and is Antepileptick. Out¬
wardly the Leaves mollifie, dflcufs, ag-
• glutinate, and cure the Itch in Baths. The
' '■ ‘ -.' 1 '* : ' 1 . Muci-
Mucilage helps Gr//>«, by the Purging
Quality • and helps Expectoration, by the
Mucilage and Acrimony.
-> v v ^1 v. * -* v^» \ % .

The Wild-Climber: The Seeds, Viorna five

Bark, and Root, and alfo the Flowers Cleroatm.
hare aburningTafte: The Flowers finell ■«
Sweet. , ' ;"V' * ’ , ~ I

Golden Rod talks Sweet, Bitterifh, and yirga Au-

Aromatick (Tike Juniper-Berries) in therea
Leaves and Roots; by which it is a good
Diuretick, and Carminative.

Mijletoe grows on the Maple, Crah, vifcum.

Apple, and Hawthorn: Mr. Ray fays, On
the Nut, Elm, ^sf/fc Buckthorn, £»»<?- * /

Tree, and Service. I could find no Dif¬

ference in Tafte in Mijletoe growing on
the Four firft: thefe Barks having a Bit-
ternefs like Mijltoe, and alfo being A-
ftringent; but no ways Acrid. But it
grows on the Mucilaginous Trees, men¬
tion’d by Mr. Ray. The Vertues of the
Tree and Mijlletoe lo much differ, that
it cannot be better on one Tree, than ano¬
ther. I have tailed That on the Oak dry,
but could find no Excellency in it above
others. The Leaves and Wood tafte Bit¬
ter, Aftringent, Hot, and Acrid ; by which
!? :i< - . O 4 ft
 > I

Cades anti (Hertueg of Part n.

it is good for the Epilepfie : It muft be
given for Forty Days. It may caufe Sweat¬
ing in a Fleurtfie. The Bitter-Aflringen-
cy makes it good before Ague-Fits. The
Qreen Roots of the Mijletoe so into the
Bough a good way. Mr. hcjlm, of
Sheriff-Holes in Shrop-Jhire, told me, That
Mijletoe-Berries laid on the rubb’d-Bark
of a Tree, will grow there. The Muci¬
\

lage of the Berries put into PlaRers, mol¬

lifies with Rofm and Wax, and ripens and
draws much.

Meadow-Sweet: The Flowers, Leaves

and! Rnnfc _J * n • 7

Vertue of Burnet, and taftes like it. Fill-

pendula, Burnet, and Vlmaria, are all of a
like Nature.

lllmus. FyLyi • The Bark and Leaves are Muci-

la ginoiK, and Healing in Mouth-Waters *
and in Bums, Anodyne and Cooling!
Tnere is a little Bitterifh Aftringehcy in
Elm

Navel-
 *

Part ii. epontanrous Cnglifij plants. XOI

Navel-wort is Watrifh, Slimy, and Bi- Umbilicus

ting; by which it is Diuretick, cures and Veneris'
difcufles Inflammations, Eryflpelas, and
Strumas. There is alfo in the Flowery
Heads a Bitterilh Aftringency. ;

Nettle: The Yellow Roots are Sweet, Urtica U-

Watrifh, and Biting, and good Diureticks;rens-
the Seed is Slimy, a little Hot, and Pecto¬
ral. The Leaves juyced, are good in Hae¬
morrhages, carrying off by Vrine a great
deal of Serum; and, by the Acrimony, ri¬
pening Objlractions, which are the Cau- •
fes of Haemorrhages. Outwardly Nettles
cure tumors, fordid Vkers, and Gangrenes.

THE
*■' r

i •\
\
\

THE

AV.ANDER’COTTON taftes Bit-

- ter-Acrid, with a Sea-Worm¬
wood Smell; therefore it has the
Vertues of a Wormwood, and is
oi: the fame Tribe. It’s accounted good
for tile Stomach and for Worms.

Abfinthi- <
um Roma- Smell, and V ertue, as the Common-Worm¬
num,
wood * but more Pleafant, and Ids Earthy
or Crude.
Tree-
Partn. ^iantgm^amnganb^tyw. 2,03
X „ _ . ■ '■ —1 — ,«1— lip ■ ■—■ ' ■ . ■... — ,, ..,,, . ■ ■ ..

* % 1 r *" ■ '

Tree-Wormwood: The Smell and Talte Abfinthi-

arelike Common-Wormwood. refcois30"

Acacia is Bitterilh, Styptick, and good Acacia,

in Fluxes. It is the Juyce of a Siliquofe
Plant. ' • * *F; h .! y
'“*• ?* * ■*» ,

BaJlard-Acorus is Hot, like Ginger: It is Radix Aco-

an Acrid-Aromatick.
' *
ll*

Aqarick tallies Sweet-Bitter and Mud- Agaricus.

laginous; it is piercing, by a little Acrid.
It yields a Refin; and is gently Purgative
of Choler, by its Bitternels; and of Water
, or Vifcous Phlegm, by its Refin. Agarichis
the Fungus of a Turpentine-Tree • but dif¬
fers much from the Tafle of Turpentine.
i **- - - - k . ,

M .

Maudlin is Bitterilh, Aromatick, and Ageratum.

Aflringent; and therefore Cephalick and
Vulnerary. . -
1 A V'-1
x *

The Chafl-Tree is Bitterilh, Rough, A-Agnus Ca-

romatick, Acrid, and of an Agrimony “us* 1
Smell. It is Aperitive, Diuretick, and Vul¬
nerary.

Ladies-Mantle: The Root tafles Bit- Alchimilla.

teriHi and Allringent, like Potentilla; and
looks of the fame Colour,
Winter « • • '
 zo4 CaGe0 anD ditttms of Part n.
Ikakengi. Winter-C,'herries: The Leaves tafte Bit¬
ter, Mucilaginous, and Biting • and there¬
fore are an excellent Diuretick. The Ber¬
ries are Acid and Bitter, and infu/d in
Wine, or in Powder, are very Diurejtick.
The Leaves and Berries refemble Solarium
Ligmfum • the Bladders tafte moil Bitter.
Op/at es are Diuretick, by their Acrimony
and Sliminefs. The Smell in this Plant is
not much.

T * Garlick is of a ftrong rank Smell, very

Acrid in Tafte, and abounds with a Vo-
latile Salt • by which it is Diuretick, Pe¬
roral, Stomacbick, and good againft In¬
fection of the Plague. It blifters the Soals
ot the Feet, if laid next to the Skin • and
cures the Dropjie, infus’d in Beer. It is
* < *• - f “ 4
laid to the Soals of the Feet in Chin-Couzhs
and Small-Pox. ' ~

Aloes is Bitter, Sweet, and Mucilagi¬

nous or Gummy. Its Bitternefs is like
the Bitternefs of a Te^-Kernel: By this
it purges Choler, and opens Obftrudti-
ons or the Fifcera; cleanfes away Vif-
cid Phlegm from the Intejlines, and cor-
reds Acidity: For Purgers both ftimu- '
late, and adt as Alterers. Outwardly A-
s es aeanfes by its Bitternefs; and by its
• - Gum-
Part ii. plants w opaiucng anu g>popg
Gumminefs, Hops Bleeding. The Green
Leaves of Aloes tafle Acid. Aloes fmells
like Myrrh.

Flower-Gentle: The Seeds and Leaves Amaran***

are Aftringent, and a little Acid. This thus,
feems to me a Dock- Tafle.
I obferv’d an Acrimony in Amarah-
thus, (in all the kinds thereof:) Which
makes me infer. That it may be of the
Nettle-l&nd, rather than of Blites or A-
triplex: But it is like Englijb Mercury.
It is very ungrateful to the Stomach.

Bijhops-Weed: The Seeds are Sweet, Arnmi.

Bitter, Hot, Aromatick, Carminative, Diu-
retick, andCephalick. It belongs to the
Feunil-Chfs.

The Bitter-Almond-Tree: . The Bark Amygda-

tafles very much like the jefuits-Bark, lus Amaral
Bitter and Rough; and has a Gum in it.
The Leaves are Bitter, Mucilaginous, and
Rough, like the Peach-Tree. It is pro¬
bably of the fame Purgative Faculty, or
gently Laxative. Bitter Almonds have
the fame Tafle, and an Oylinefs: The
Oyl is good for Vleers, cleanfing and kil¬
ling Worms. ’Tis alfogood in Pains of the
Ears, and Sun-Spots,
 ao6 Cbe Caiie0 anti siertues of PanTi
Aniygda- The Sweet-Almond-Blanctid taftes Sweet
lus Dulcis. and Oyly; and yields an Oyl, which is
good in the Stoppage of Vrine, for Expe¬
ctoration of Phlegm, , and in Pains of the
Belly^ with Juyce of Limon.

Anagyris. Bean-Trefoile: The Leaves tafle Muci¬

laginous, Bitterilh, and a little Biting. The
Country-People ufe it as Sena; and it
taftes like it. This has a Pea-Tafle, and
fmells Oyly, as a Ballard-Sena does •
which therefore Vomits much. *

sAnchufa. Alkanet: The Red Roots are Bitteriflit

Aftringent, and a little Warm ,* by which*
and by its thin colouring Parts, it is Dim
retick and Aperitive • and by its Allrim
gency, "tis Vulnerary. It is a Madder, ra¬
ther than a Buglofs.
• < ^ i
{ ) .

Anethum. Dill: The Leaves and Seeds are Bit-

terhh, Sweet, Hot, Aromatick, and (like
\ FennU in Tafte, Smell, and Vertue) Car¬
minative, and Dmretick * The Seeds arc
the lame.

Angelica Tree-Angelica neither tafles nor

Arbore- f0 ftrong as Ordinary Angelica,

(Barden
/

i
 r *>•

Part ii. ^lantg in €>art?cng anU 0l)opg. xoz

Garden-Angelica: ’Tis Sweet, Bitterifli, Angelica
and Aromatick in Tafte and Smell; there- Hortenfre.
fore Cephalick, Carminative, Cordial,
Pneumonick, and Sudorifick. The Root,
Leaves, and Seeds have the fame Tafte
and Smell. I ... %

- '/

Anifeed: The Seed is Sweet, Hot, Bit- Anifim

terifh, and Aromatick in Tafte and Smell;
therefore Peroral and Carminative; the
Powder of the Seed being given to Chil¬
dren for the Colick, or the Decodion of it
in Poflet-Drink.

Smalledge is Sweet, Bitterifh, Acrid, A- Apium

romatick, Diuretick, Pedoral, and Aperi- Hortenle.
tive. It is of the Fennil-ChPs. Smalledge
is ftronger than Parjley: The Seeds and
Roots are. mod us’d, and of the fame
Tafte.

Aria Venemfa Indica* This Tree fmells Arba vene-

Fetid, as moft Poyfons do. n°fa Indi¬
ca,
Birthwort: The Root taftes naufeoufly Ariftolo-
Bitter, and Mucilaginous: It fmells like dria rotun-
Bryony • and is of the fame Vertue, Hy- & *oa~
fterick. Outwardly it is good for the Itcl\ Sa*
cleanfes Wounds and Vleers; and is us’d
in a Peffary. The Round is the hotteft.
Double-
I
 , _<•
xo8 -
ctje Catte* ant) fllertue* of
* ‘ • — ' ” j •
Part it ».

Armerius Doulk-Sweet-Williams are Sweet and

Hortenfis. Bitter.
% y
^ ^ { <• *> .'■

Alarum.' Afarahacca: The Leaves are Hot, and

very Acrid bn the Tongue. The Powder
of the Leaves makes a ftrong Sternuta¬
tory. If Nine Leaves be infus’d in Wine,
ana the Juyce fqueez’d out, they Vomit
ftrongly, and irritate the Mouth of the
Stomach, as the Powder does the htofe.
The Root is Bitterifh, very Acrid, Tere-
binthinate, and Aromatick. One Drachm
of it Vomits very well • a lefler Quanti¬
ty is us’d, as a Diuretick; becaufe Afarum-
Roots fmell of Turpentine, and have alfo
fomething Fetid, like Hellebore- By This
they Purge. The Leaves are like Cyclamen.

Afclepias, . Swallow-Wort t The Leaves fmell a little

like Solanum.

Afphodelus . Afphodel: The Leaves tafte Sweet and

Slimy.
/

After Atti- Star-wort is in the Leaves Mucilagi-

cus, nous.

After Serb- Blue-Starwort, tafles Slimy, Bitterilh.

tinus Fru- and Acrid $ and fmells Fragrant,
ticefcens
Ga?ruleus»
Partnjglantg in ©atomsant.
* - ^

Bacciferous-Orach taftes Mucilaginous, Atriplex

and, like Sorrel, fowre in the Red Buttons: Baccifera, j
That Colour of Red will fail, though A-
lum be added in the Decodtion. The Ripe
Berries tafle very Sweet. ,
* «1> pv ^ #

- ■ *• 5 f l •{ - • >;/-* • ^ J <T ;

Garden-Orach taftes fomewhat Tike Sor- Atriplex m

rel, and fmells like it. . Hortenfisj]
Note.. That Rednefs in the Leaves or
/ " ■ - -* : . ; , ‘ f '

Stalks of any Plants+is a Sign of Acidity

in the Plant,
V

Bears-EarsThe Flower fmells Sweet, Auricula

as Cow/lips: The Green Leaves are Mu- Urli. *^

cilaginous i The Roots are Hot and Acrid,

like Cowjlips, and Bitterifh; with an Aro-
matick, Heady, and Opiate Smell.

. Oranges: The.Flowers are of a veryAurantisi

Fragrant Smell, fomewhat like the Lily Maius.j
in Flower and Smell. They tafle Bitter-
ilh, Pungent, and Sub-acrid; and there¬
fore are Cordial and Cephalick. The
Green Leaves are Bitterifh and Aflringent,
with an Aromatick hot Tafle and Smell (
and are good flrengthening Stomachicks.
 Balfamita JT ^Ofl - hath a Bitterilh - biting
major. I Tafte, with an Aromatick-Balfam
Smellfrom whence it’s accoun¬
4
ted Vulnerary. It is us’d in diftill’d Wa¬
J

ters. By its Tafte it is Cephalick, being

Bitterilh, and a little Acrid It is us d in
outward Balfams.

Barba To- Jupiter's Bee,

•
vis tie Hot; -J

Bafilicum; Bafel is — v^
in Tafte and Smell; which laft is very
ftrong, and therefore it is a very hot Ce-
f y• / If-*"** ^ ^ ■—

or Cl(ruegilly-Flowers ‘ but very Heady;

and is accounted hurtful, producing a
' Bhrenfie.
* ^ cr «K.. ft » *
^ f 4 » I i •" 1 \ i !<•***•*♦. *
J.

•Raftatus terujalem - Artichoak : The . Root is

deCinada. Sweet, Aftringent, and Watrilh ; the
Leaves are Watry and Mucilaginous: by
which Sweetnefs it is Efculent.
3 \ ' * *

form'
 Part ii. plants in ^arfcms ant) g>i)op S. hi

Pomegranate-Flowers are Bitterilh, Sty-Bal^aftio-

ptick, and very great Altringents : The rum Flores
Flowers will colour Red. They are boy I’d
in Claret with Myrrh, for putrid Gums.

counted Nitrous by its Bitterifh Coolnefs,

which is the Tafte of Nitre. Both fort of
Beets are Cooling, by their Crude Muci¬
lage, and their Watrilh Parts • and Deterge
mg> by the Bitterilh Nitrous Coolnefs. T
have put the Root into my Nofe, without
Sneezing, or any Irritation. Beets, Elitej,
AtripleXy and Bonus FJenricus, leem to
agree in kind: And thele are by Authors
call’d. Sapor/s fatui vel oleracei.

Roots are Cool, Watty, and Mucilaginous.

Ihe is a little Bitter, and lb comes
•fiear the Tafte of Nitre: But I cannot
 ZIZ cl n Caflt0 ann 2Jertuc0 of Part if.

think that to be in any Plant call d Ni¬

trous ; becaufe it refembles Nitre, which
is Cool, Bitterilh, and Acid. There is, be-
fiaes the former Tafles, a little grateful
Acrid in Barrage; by which it is Cordial.
The Mucilage is good for Heats and
Thirfis in He clicks, as Buglofs is. It is usd
in Deco&ion, and Juyce. But the Cordi¬
al Vertue is in the Flowers, and in their
Conferve.

Botrys. Oak of Jerufalem: The Leaves are Bit¬

terilh, Aromatick, and Watrilh. The Seeds
are moll Balfamick, fmelling like Balfatn
cf Tolu; and therefore Cleanfing, Aro¬
matick, Terebinthinate, and Vulnerary in
Syrup of the Juyce, and in diftilfd Wa-
ters, for Coughs and Confumptions,
» >y«■' ' i '.j , Li? .• if sli|

Branc ha Bear s-Breech is a Thiftle; and for the

Urbina. bitter Slime, is us’d in Clyjlers; and may
be us’d outwardly for the fame, in Placers
againit the Gout, and Burnings. There is
a bitter Smoakinefs in all Thiftles; which
inwardly makes them Naufeous and Pur¬
gative, and outwardly Difcuffing and
Cleanfing.
- ■ '

BralTica Callage: The Roots of the Callage-

vulgaris. Plants are Acrid, and bite like Horfe-Ra-
; - ■ . . difh*
Part ii. plants in €5attiens ant) ©Ik>ps. 2.13

dijh. The Leaves of the Plants bite lefs,

when full grown; and by this latent A-
crid, they Simulate when applied to Bli-
Jlers. The full-grown Leaves are alfo
Cool, Watrifh, and a little Bitterifh • by
which Taftes it is Laxative; and for thefe
it is alfo accounted & Nitrous Plant. The
Allies are very Cauftick: The Seed is Bit¬
ter and Acrid. The Juyce cures Warts.
»

Colli-Flowers have the Flowry Part and Braffica

Leaves very Acrid; and therefore are An- Multi-flo-
tifcorbutick, as Mitftard-Seed, and Horfe- ra-
Radifh.
V ' t

Satin-Flower fmells and taftes like the Bolbonach

€refs-Plants, and is of the fame Vertue. ^IVC v^a
The Seeds are molt Acrid and Bitter. Lunaria.

Butchers-Broom : The Root is Sweet, Brufcus.

Bitterifh, and Acrid; by which it is Diu¬
retic/:, Pettoral, and Aperitive. It belongs
to the Pea-ChSs; and is like Afparagus.
The Berries are fweet,and the new Sprouts
are a little Aromatick.

Ox-Eye is Bitterifh and Sub-acrid, like Buphthal-

Chamcemel; and is of the fame Vertue. mum*

Marygold:
 2,14
^ I
cl)t Caller ant) fllettues of _s *
Part 11.

c.
Calendula. Tk Arygold: The Flowers are Slimy,
\/1 • and very Hot and Burning in
JL ▼
X ▼ -®L the throat.
T'hrn/if • By
Iw which they
fhcv are
Cordial, and expel Meafles and Small-Pox,
and cure Ti/J" of the Mother, and Qlftru'cli-
cns of the Menfes. They fmell ftrong and
unpleafant. The Green-Leaves are Mu¬
cilaginous and-Acrid ,* and the Root Bit-
rerilh.

Cambogia. Gum-Cambogia is an Infpiflate Juyce,

more Gummy than Refmous: It Purges
and Vomits Watry Serum violently. I
cannot difcern the Tafte • but in the
Stomach the latent Acrimony of it imme¬
diately appears, becaufe it works in fo
fmall a Dofe; and is corrected by Acids.
It is generally thought to be a fort of
Tztbymal • and by that' Cauftick Quality
it purges.

Cortex Ra* Caper-Bark tafles very Acrid, by which

dicis Cap- it is Diuretick, and outwardly difcuffing
paris, jn tumors of the Abdomen. I cannot tafte
: •* the Bitternefs and Aflringency, by which
it is Laid to have many effects.
PartII. ^lamgrnLarsens antietiops. y
is very Burning and Hot in the Capficum
ii0^ Hi Acrid and Aromatick when ripe.Indlcum-

Grains of Taradtfe are Sweet, Hot, A- Cardamo-

romadck, Acrid, and Bitterilh. AWW!
4

Leffer Cardamoms are Hot Aromaticks. Cai damo-

Car dam BenediBus .* The Leaves are Carduus

of a Smoaky Bitter Tafle, like the ordi- Benedi&us
nary Carduus, with fome Mucilage; by
which it is fit to produce Vomiting. It
cleanles the Stomachy and is good for Fe¬
vers in the Bitter Drink. The Roots
have no Bitternefs: And that there is a
Bloody Juyce in it, is obferved in Mr.
Ray.
• pr J I j ' ' '• * Cm* ~ A f k - *

Carpo Balfamum is faid to be Acrid and Carpo Baf-

Aromatick. , : .' . ; famum
minus.
Seed of Baftard Saffron is Bitterilh, a lit- gea^mi
tie Acrid and Mucilaginous; by which it
purges a little. It is ufed in the Difeales
of the Breaft, joyned with other Purgers.
'• ^ m' m mi^ r*+-y

. i ^ - * -* - -v ' ■ r

Carraways: The Roots and Seeds tafle Carum.

and fmell Sweet and Aromatick, and are
Carminative and Diuretick. The Green-
Leaves fmell like Parfneps. Carum be-
P 4 longs
 \i6 C6e Cate ant) fllertte of Part il
* »•.

longs to the Sweet, Acrid, and Aroma-

tick-Clafs. •' '
• * , . ^ ' i 1

Caryo- Clove-GUly-flowers : The Flowers are

pnyllus A- Hot and Mucilaginous, and of a grateful
,romaticus. odor: The Flowers tafle Bitterifli, Sweet,
and Acrid in the Throat ♦ in which the
! Cordial Vertue confifts. The Root is
Sweet, Bitterifli, Acrid, and Slimy, like
the Clove-Flowers.• V'-' (■'

paryo- Cloves are Bitterifli, Acrid, Hot, and

phyfli* Aromatick in Tafle and Smell.; They
are Cordial and Cephalkk, And are the
Fruit of a Tree. *

Caryo- Pinks: They are Bitterifli, Sweet-tafl¬

phyllus ed ; and have in the Flower an Aroma¬
Hortenfis
minor,.’
tick Smell. They are of th.e nature of
\ * * *
Clove-Gi/ly-flowers.

Caflia Lig- The Bark of Caflia Lignea is Acrid and

nea. Aromatick in Tafle, like Cinnamon, and
of the fame Vertue. A . ’ . 2
Caflia Fi- Caflia: The Pulp is moft ufed to keep
ftuia. the Body Laxative. It is very Sweet and
Mucilaginous; by which it is good in a
Cough: And is thereby alfo a Lenient
ft */

purge in the Stone and Hemorrhoids.

'C--- • ■ i * *• Cedar

\
 Part ii. plants in ®arsen0 anti ehops. Z17

has a Fragrant Turpentine-Smdi • Cedrus

and it taftes Bitter, Aftringent, and Acrid! Virginiana

The Greater Centaury: The Stalk tailed Centaure-

Sweetifh, Bitter, and Sub-aromatick. The um majiis.
ihape of the Leaf, and Tafle, refemble
Jacolea.
- » \

Onion is Biting, Mucilaginous, Acrid, Cepe,

and of a rank Smell, like Garlick; Fu¬
ming up into the Eyes, like the Spirit of
Sal-Ammoniack: therefore it is full of a
Volatile Salt, with a rank Oyl. Onions
I , are Roafted for breaking Apofternes; and ,
are Infufed and Diflilled in White-Wine,
for the Stone. Pounded with Salt, they
are good for Burns, and the Biting of a
Mad-Dogg. The Juyce is good for Pains
in the Ears, and for Shortnefs of Breath.
All thefe EfFe&s are produced by the
Tafle and Smell above-mentioned.
*

China has no considerable Smell in the China. ]

Root. It is of a dry Tafle, a little Warm
or Acrid, It is accounted a Diaphoretic k,
but is moft properly an Aftringent and
Abforbent of Acids.
In the Decodtion, China is a little Aro-
matick, Aftringent, and Bitterifli ; but
thefe Qualities are very obfeure. It is a
climbing
 xi 8 efte Cafteg anD gierfae0 of Part n.
climbing Plant, as well as Sarfaparilla;
and Thorny and Bacciferous.
j ' *v

China Chi- China China: The Stalk of the Peruvian-

na- tree has a terehinthinate-Talle. The
Leaves are a littleSlimy and terehinthinate.
This I found in thePhyjtck Garden atChelfey,

Cicera ru- Cicers have a fweet Pea-Talle; and

bra- are Diuretick, and Lenifying the PaRages
by the Mucilage. They are a little Bit-
terilh.

Cinara. Artichoak • The Leaves are very Bit¬

ter, Slimy, and Smoaky, like the Carduus.
The Juycc cures Wounds. The Leaves
are good in Oyntments for the Worms,
and are great Cleanfers of Vleers.
-* v \ « i «> 0> «. •**»%*> % s

Cinnamo- C/w^tf^-Bark is Sweet, very Hot, A-

nuni. romatick, and Aftringent. It is a good
Stomachick and Cordial.

Ciftus Le- Gummy-Ciftus has a very Rough Talle,

don. feels Gummy, and has a crude Smell.

Ciftus La- Ladaniferous Ciftus, or Holy Rofe, feels

danifera. clammy in the Leaves, and fmells like
Labdanum. It talles terehinthinate, and
therefore is an excellent Vulnerary, put
 I1 ■ mmmm+mmmrnmmmmmmmmmmmmmm im i i Mitnm. ■ i»in ■■nw n M n j imiriiwiin n»

Part ii. lalantg in ^artieng ant) afrogg* %■.19

in Balfams; and inwardly in Diftempers
of the Nerves: It has the fame Vertue as
Laldanum.
.
\ ■ * * » ■ -¥ - i
* ' • * < . _ -V \
'*• V • * * . V

Sage-leaved Ciftus is only very Rough Ciftus fal-

and Bitterifh, without any Gummineisj via; folio.
and is a Vulnerary.
'

Broad-leaved Ciftus feels Clammy, and Ciftus folio

taftes Bitterifh, Acrid, Aromatick, Reft- ^ato*
nous and Rough. It lfnells like Lahda-
num; and therefore is inwardly and out¬
wardly a Vulnerary.

Shruh-Trefoyl has a fweet P^-Tafle, Cytifus.

and fmells of the Pea-kind. Thofe Plants *4

which have this fweet Pea-Tafte, are fit

lor feeding Cattle, and breed moft Milk.
\ „ . . 1 ■■ * ... » \ v -•*•»* ^

Citron: The Leaves are Bitterifh,Acrid, Citria ma-

Aromatick, Aflringent, and of the fame lus.
Tragrancy as a Citron; and are good Sto¬
mach ioks. The Fruit and Pulp is very
Acid and Aromatick. The Peel has the
tafte of the Leaf * and is Cordial,if diftilled
with Sack. The Syrup is a cooling Cor¬
dial, by its grateful Acidity. The Peels
are kept Candied.

• CitrufiSeeds areCool and Mucilaginous, Citrullus.

1#^ and
1
 „ .... <„. ywiui li.Mupi^r i.^ w^i. ,

2,-10 cue Cafiee ana fllettueg of Part 11.

and lb are the Leaves and Fruit, which is
alfo Sweet*

Clematitis. Virgins Bower is Bitter and very Acrid.

a - * * , i

M. T - * •»' ? < / • « x ( ; \ . *' O' v i J 7%

, Colocyn- Coloquintida is extreamly Bitter, and

this. affedfs the Mouth with that Tafte, when
it is pounded; it is alfo very Acrid: By
thefe Tallies it purges vehemently. ' It
contains a Refin; and therefore has a Sli-
minefs, as other Purgers.

CoJIutea, Baftard-Sena is Sweet, Bitterilh, Slimy,

and fmells P^-like, which the Cods and
Flowers refemble. By the Oyly rankneis,
it vomits much, and purges churlilhly.
* ' : • V <' ‘ ’ v Jej

Confolida Saracens-Confomd: The Leaves fmell

Saracenica like Elder, and are Mucilaginous, Bitterilh,
a little Acrid, and Allringent; by which
it is Diuretick and Vulnerary in Decodtions
and Oyntments. This is miftaken for,
Virga Aureay and is very different. This
feems to be fome fort of After, and not
Confolida. It is that which is defcribed in
Mr. Ray, Hot and Aromatick. This is
ufed for Virga Aurea amongft us. •

Confolida Lark-Spur is Sweet, and a little Acrid.

Regains. The Seeds are in Cods, and tafte of a Pea-
Tafte,

/
Part ii. plants tndatums ant> &hops. -att
- -• - "'***' *" * •""■"■* 1 —' ■ ' ■ *' —•—•*
Tafte • and may be fomething like Colum¬
bine. in Vertue.
* \
, 4 > ' * * * ■' rr

Contryerva : The Roots have a very Contrayer-

Acrid, and Bitterilh Tafte; and fmell like va-
/W-Leaves. It is Alexipharmack and
Sudorifick. The Bitternels is very ob-
fcure. Diofcorides mentions the Smell. -
✓
* »

Coriander-Seed is Sweet, Hot, Aroma- Coriandri

tick, and Carminative. The Odor of the Semen.
Plant is like the Cimices, Fetid: Mr. Ray.
From the Foster it is efteemed Malignant*
and is corrected by Vinegars.
, . - \ *

Buckshorn-Plantane: I tafted it in the Coronopos

Garden at Chelfey, Watrifh and Rough,
like Plantane.
• ‘v # u - •* ^ ' rs - . ,'***r’ * css r t “y 5 \.

Jefuits-Bark: Befides a Woody and fufty Cortex Pe-

Tafte, it has a Laurel, Bitter, and Styp- ruvianus.
tick Tafte, without any fenftble Acrimo¬
ny. The Tafte is very difcernible in the
Infufion ,* and it refembles a Bitter Al¬
mond, efpecially its Peel, and the Bark of .w i,
that Tree. All other Trees of a Laurel-
Tafte, cannot but anfwer its Vertue; and F
are Antifebriftck by 'their Bitternefs, pre¬
ferving the mixture of the Blood from Pu-
frefa dive Fermentations; which are alfo
con-
 *

*
ZZZ Cte Catleg ant) aermeg of Part u.
confiderably checked by the Aftringency;
which alfo caufes a reparation of thole
parts that are Ioofe from the mixture of
the Bloody and pahes them off by Vrine.
(
Coitus Ale-Coft is Sweet, Bitterilh, Hot, and
dulcis & Aromatick, and fmells like Orris; and is
amara. very Acrid, efpecially the Bitter.

Crocus
*• Garden Crocus, TeJlow and Purpie, have
Horten fis
4
Sweet, Slimy Roots, like Saffron.
» » • V

purpureus
.4 '
T s

& Iuteus. J .* */ . ** i ♦

Cubeba?. Calebs are very Hot, Acrid, Aromatick,

Cardial and Carminative..

-•Cucumis Wild-Cucumber is very Bitter, Slimy,

Afininus. and Acrid, by which Jt purges violently.
The Leaves and Roots are of the weakeft
Vertue. The Juy ce lafts long, and is In-
flammable s by which it’s Refinous.
♦ <\ •** %s v, r f ^ .
I w > s : t f * / * . -
. ^ * 3
^ * v * ^A ■* » ■*>’ + ,. .X^

Cucumis Cucumber: The Leaves, Flow-

Hortenfis. ers, Fruit, a nd Seeds, are Watrilh, Slimy,
and Cooling ,• which is ufed in Emulfions,
■
r a . ^ . . J «» • -v .» .JI * • <_ t J/

Cucurbits Gourds are Watrilh in the Leaves. Sli¬

my in the Seeds, and Sweet in the Pulp
and Fruit; all Cooling.
’ • \ • (**.: . \ . • - i ♦ , „
* i• .. * 1 * » V . . ., | . I

Cuminurrt. Cummin-Seed is Sweet, BitteriiVAro-

• ^ ■■ maticky
Vart 11. jpvium? *** w»v«jCn0 ^1)0^0

matick, and Acrid; with an Aromatick,

Unpleafant Smell. A good Carminative,
Peftoral, Diuretkk and Vterine.

Turmerkk is naufeoufly Bitter and Curcuma.

Acrid, like Ginger • good in the jaundice,
as an opening Hepatick. • It colours
Yellow. . * * * * iv •' . 4 •. i • D •% -m.' . 2 * jl *& y sj 'K. i

Galingal long and round, or

Cyprus, Cyperus r
have a Bitter, Aromatick Tafte, like Ga- longus &
langa • and therefore are good for the rotundas*
Stomach and Nerves: Both of them are
Aromatick, like. , Cedar.
' J.■/ x it
Hi..

< v • - ■
v ’ • • <t V / . • ■ \ ,
• \ <•:»*:*

Cyprefs has an Altringent Bitteri

Tafle ; and Turpentine Smell in the
✓ (• M • > » . <. ,•

Leaves and Nutts : bv which it is Vul-

• Wi'iivv » * ■'* *«# JL ^ J i

D /tawy is of an Hot, Biting, Bitte- Diftamnu*

rilh, and Aromatick Tafte; and Credais,
a ftrong quick Scent, like Penny-
Royal • but ftronger, and therefore is of
an opening Cephalick Vertue, like Penny-
Royal• and is to be referr d, with Penny-
■|i Royalt

/
 !)<

*1' ar

2,14 Che Cate anti (Hettues of Part n.

,1 t ™-1

jR^/, to the Cephalick-ChLs of Bitterilh

Aromatick-Acrids. It is chiefly us’d to
force Labour, it abounding with Volatile
Oyl and Salt.

Dracuncu- Tarragon is Sweet, Hot,and Acrid; and

lus Horten- fmells like Fennil, and is of the fame Clais
and Vertue j and is eaten in Sallats.

Draconti
4
■ ^' »
Dragons: The Leaves tafte at firft
um. Sweet * after a while very Acrid, like A~
ron; therefore it may be accounted good,
as Volatile Salts, in InfeSHous Difiempers.
It is moft us’d in diftilid Water. It is like
Aron in its Vertues, being Diuretick, Petto-
ral,Alexipharmackfind Antifcorlutick; and
has Spots in the Leaves; but is more A-
crid than Aron, coming nearer to Ranun¬
culus in its burning Heat. Outwardly it
is good for Fiftulds. Its Sharpnefs is cor-
rented by Vinegar. Galen fays, That it is
Bitter and Aftringent | and prefetches it
for V leers. - J
9 • t
%

1 t '
M 4 w . -1 V - .

the

4
Part ii. plants in ©arfcens ant> <s>hops.

e.
T
;:
• s , V

**••'■* -f* ’ s -

HE Juyce of Wild Cucumber is Elaterium]

extreamly Bitter, and burns eafi-
ly: It purges violently.

Dodder of Thyme talles Bitterilh and A- Epithy*

romatick, like Thyme• and has the famemurn*
Vertue. \

V ' y
'u ■ ■ • ; ,
'
, .;■ •
■■ * ; J

Garden-Rocket is very Acrid and Bitte- Eruca Sa- ‘

rilh, and of a Strong, Acrid, Pungent dva.
Smell, and a little unpleafant. It is a Crefs
in Tafle and Vertue, and is ufeful in Drop-
Jtes, and the Scurvy.

F. F,

F
f* , - * t 1

Ennil-Giant: The Plant talles Bit-Ferula

ter, like Gum-Ammoniack, fmells a
%

little' Fetid, and has the fame Ver¬

tue. The Sweet Talte is not very evident
in the Fetid Vmlels. . -
. Fennil-Giant is an Zfterine by the Fistor.
and by the Bitter-Acrimony.

The Ftgg-Tree ; The Leaves are of a Ficus’

f Tp, . <> burning - s
77?, ®§0§S& aitu fflcttuts of Part II.
^ 1 '*'** " ' ' ■■■■■'■ 1

' burning hot Tafte. The Allies of the

pkq-Tree, of Spurge, and of Ajh, are more
Cauftick than ordinary Allies of Plants ;
therefore there is a great difference in the
lSixruturns of Plants, and in their Salts.
It purges by its Cauftick Quality. Fig^s
are Sweet and Lufcious: They are us d
in the Small-fox, and Difeafes of the
Lungs; and outwardly in Pultefes for
their Pulpy fweet Mucilage. The Tree
being fo Acrid, the Fruit probably par¬
take? of it ; whereby it becomes Diapho-
retick, Diuretick, and Purgative.
» ' ’ F* ' v ' •

Flos Afri- French-Marigold is of a ftrong, heady,

canus, Marigold-Smell; and taftes Bitterilli, Sli¬
my, Acridy and ftronger than ordinary
Marigolds.

Flos Solis. The Sun-Flower fmells like a Marigold\

taftes Bitterilli and Acrid, and feels clam¬
my, like Marigolds-, and out of the Stalk
and’ Flowers, a Refin fweats. In Tafte,
Colour, and Smell, it is like Turpentine;
Mr. Ray.
I <* ' ' ^ t ^ \ ^ 'I ) ^ Jl *
, T " ♦ V m j, ■»

Flos Ado- Adonis-Flower taftes very Acrid, as an

nidis. Anemone or Ranunculus -, and is call d Ado-
ms-Flower, or Pheafand s-Eye,
t A - - - •*’. .. c
/ ,

' ' •' A .5 • fennil:

 Part ii. plant? in ®art»tng> ant> eliop?. X17
jFermil: The Leaves, Seeds, and Roots Foenicu-
are of a Sweet, Acrid, Aromatick Tafte,^um*
and of a ftrong Aromatick Smell. The
Plant is Diuretick, Pe£toraly Carminative,
and good for the Eyes inwardly and out¬
wardly ; as alfo for difcufling of Milky
Tumors. The Fennil-Tafte being moll
known of this kind, I call the whole Clafs
by that Name.
9/

Fenugresc: The Seeds are Mucilagi- Foenuni

nous, Bitter, and of a Pcer-Tafte It fmells Grwcum.
ftrong, oyiy, and loathfom. It mollifies '
Scirrhofities, and lenities and difcufies the
Inflammations of the Eyes. An Oyl may
be prefs'd out of the Seed, and a Muci¬
lage drawn by Decodrion. It is Fetid,
and the Meal of the Seed is us’d in Ca-
taplajms.
£

i Bafiard-Dittany has a Bitterilh and ve- Fraxindla.

ry Acrid Tafte, and ftrong Aromatick
Smell, like Rue,

. /

Q.« Qalan*

I
 %\n Cato ann (tetue# of
— *» •- _"jp
Part it

Galanga ^r”'i Alangale is Biting and Hot, like

major. | -wr- Ginger: It is a good Aromatick,
Carminative, and Cordial.

Galbanum. Galhanum: The Plant taftes Bitter, like

Gum-Galbamm; fmells a little Fetid, and
has the fame Vertue. >|
* *- . *

Galega. Goats-Rue is Mucilaginous,Bitteriila,and

a little Hot, and taftes of a Pea-Tafte,
i with an oyly ftrong Smell. It is uleful
outwardly' againft Gangreens, and foul 7Jl-
cers. It feems to be an Anodyne. It is im¬
properly us’d inwardly for Infectious Di-
ftempers, being very naufeous to the St o-
machy and by its Tafte a Purgative. , j|

Galls. Gauls are very Rough and Bitterifh:

They are given in Drink to flop Bloody
and all Fluxes. Outwardly they are good
in Vleers and Tettersy and are itrongRe*
pellers and Driers. . * j

Genif a Hi- Spani/h-Broom has the Taft e of Ordinary

fpani ca. Broom: Though the Flowers fmell well,
yet rt is of the Bittenih /Vtj-Cials.
3 ' ' Gentian-
Part ii plants in tobens auD g>l)ogg.
Gentian-Root is very Bitter * it is good Gentiana.
infus’d in Wine, or in Powder, for the Sto¬
mach add in Obftructions of the Liver, and
Intermitting Fevers, to preferve the Mix¬
ture of the Btool,'and to hinder Put re¬
fad-ion. It is ’a good Vferine. The Root
is alfo Slimy, and a little Acrid. It may
belong to Ariftolochia; and therefore La¬
xative. By the Bitter-Acrid, it is Alexi-
pharmack, and good in the Biting of- a
Mad Dogg.
c i f\ *•»! l * >-

'«* ' i 'l i x ij

Gentianella: The Leaves are Bitter and Gentianel-

Mucilaginous; by which Tafte, and the la.
Flower, it feems to belong to the Ari-
Jlolochire.
p i * i

Tree-Cranes-bill has a Fragrant Tur- Geranium

pentine-Smolf like other Cranes-bills. Arbore-
1 7 v i ’ >»•
fcens.
r ♦ ■ l j r • a ’ 'k

Spanijh-Cudweedis of a Bitterifh Afcrin- Gnaphali-

gent Tafte, like the Ordinary Gnaphali- um Hifpa-
ums: It fmells ftrong, fomewhat like Qyi*n‘cum-.
of Amber; therefore Cephalicki and a good
Vulnerary.
II f ; ■- /

The Pomegranate-Tree: The Bark isGranata

rough-tafted, hot like Orange-Peel, and Malus.
biting. The Pomegranate-Leaves tafte
Rough, and a little Aromatick, with a
■I ' Q. I My
 •»

--

4 . 1 ,

z3° cljt Cato anti CHettucsof Pattn.

*

fully Savor, refembling Hounds-Tongue:

« »

When rubb’d, the Leaves fmell Fufly, like

Catt f-Pils.
9 » - ' ®

Gratiola. Hedge-Hyffop tables Sweet, Bitterifh,

Sub-acrid, and Slimy; and is very Pur¬
gative.
* »( -- # t y 1 * '

* *•

* ■

Groffula- Goojberries: The Bark is very Rough,

ria. Bitterifh, and Aflringent: The Berries are
Sweetifh and Acid, and the Leaves Acid
and Rough.
• - - «* r. r - F y . -s * **' • ^ ”* * J C *
• J w *; 1 ? - * ♦ '•> V •-*- wUW -i. 4L A ♦ •» - * Nrf *% Vi

Guajacum. Guajacum-Wood: The Bark is Bitter

and Aflringent. It' is us’d in Sweating
DecoSlions lor the Fox. Authors fay, It
has an Acrimony, by which it produces
thefe Effedbs; which is probable, becaufe
it is Refmous, and like Afh-Free in Leaves
and Virtue. If the Gum be extracted by
J . / 1 m • r
oysriF luc vv uua y icxub uiiiy an
of

* t • :
Acid Spirit in Diflillation. s
I
'J V % ^ ■>" A. >. -V Mr » m - »• — Mt- II i ^ 4_ . % \\^9u H

*
/ - - • - • .
—-—-—■— -—----
-s

H. H. ^ ^ V*. , * • ‘ Pnx $ *. Zjt\ 1

I
 J

Part ii. plains in Martinis atio eliops.

The Root is very Hdleborus
Bitter and Acrid; by which it is Sternu-
tatory, and vomits violently and caufcs
a Strangulation,, and great Flux of Spittle
and Convulfions, an^Vomiting of Blood. it
is bell given on a mil Stomachy to defend
the Membranes. It is given to Mad Men
by Quacks, for a ftrong Vomit. This is
bitterer than Flack Hlellebore j and die
Malignity is bed: corrected by Vinegar.
Both Hellebores are usd outwardly for
the Itch, Scald-Heads, and Fifiulds.
> * # V » ^ J* -**“ • , «, <} * J» \ ^

Noble - Liver-wort:' The Leaves are Hepatica

• Rough, and a little Sweet. It is rather JN0131‘1>*
an Aflringent, than an opening Medicine.
It is ufeful, as a Vulnerary; and may be
put into the fe-Clafs, being Sweetilh
and Rough, like fome Trefoils.
/ - 1 vA... • J V ; rv 'V \ t * ' XI‘. * •’ , '* ; ./ f ' I *) i • ' !
r # § * ▼ ^ ' r . ’ ■ a , «rffS|

Derids Wound-wort tafles Bitterilh, A- Herba Do*

flringent, Terebinthinate, and Aromatick, ria.
like Solidago Saracenica; and therefore is
Vulnerary and Ditiretick.
■ - « - • f* * , ■»

Rupture-wort is Bitteriih.and Afhingent,Herniaria-

like Polyzpnum * and is a Vubterary in Rup¬
tures. It has fome Acrid, by which it is
Diuretick; Mr. Varkinfon.

0.4 Hem.

I
 *3* Che Cafteg ant) (Hertuts of p^TiT,
Hermoda- Hermodally Is: The Roots are with-
} s‘' out Smell, of a mealy Tafte, and a little
Hof. They purge Phlegm in Diet-Drinks,
and compounded Powders. They are Bul¬
lous Roots; which^ire generally Mealy
and Mucilaginous, and therefore very
Naufeous. It is defcribed to be Milky,
and to be the Syrian Colchicum. That there
is an Acrimony in the Milk, it is pro¬
bable * for fome fort of Colchicums are
venenate, and flrangulatory: And I fup-
pofc this to have fome Heat or Acrimo¬
ny, like Orris-Root; by which it purges.

Hefperis Dames-Violets: Their Tafte is like Roc-

Pannonica. ket, and the Vertue the fame. • - >

Hormi- Clary: The Leaves are Watrifh, and a

num Scla- little Bitter and Hot. The Flowers are
ra?a dicft- alfo a little Glutinous and Bitterifh; but
un?‘ have a Ifrong, piercing, Aromatick Scent;
whole Parts are fo thin, and fine, that they
foarce fenfibly affed the Tafte, unlefs it
be with a Smatch, like Frankincenfe. The
Seed is Himy. Clary is a very good Ce-
phalick and Vterine in Fits of the Mother.
It is infus’d in Wine, for Diftempers of the
Eyes and Head. It is a Vulnerary,. and
good for Weaknefs in the Back. ... . .
1
Ka'
Elyfop:
 f

Part'ii. plants in hardens ana ±33

Hyffop is Bitterifli, Aromatick, and A-Hyfibpus.
crid in Tade It is, by the Tade and
Smell, of the Cephalick-OaXs; but is chief¬
ly us’d as a Cleanfing and Opening Fefto-
ral. It is Diuretick, as mod Peftorals be,
— * ■ t * f

evacuating the Lympha i

1
T H E Roots of Jalap tafte clammy
in the Teeth. The Refin fmells
Sub-acid. It purges Water and
Phlegm. Vide the Clafs of Purgers. This
Rejin is bed ground with Oyl, to make it
didolve better in the Body, and dick lefs
to the Gutts.
Jalap irritates the Throat and Mouth •
Dr. Grew.

Jafmine: > The White Flowers are Bit- Jafminum

ter, and very Acrid; the Green Leaves ™lgare.
are the fame, but lefs Bitter and Hot. The
Flowers have a great Fragrancy. It is of
the Pea-Ckfs, by the Tade of the Root;
and the Seeds are faid to be like a Lupin.
9 ft* * * * *

Indian-Jafmine: The Leaves have a Jafminum

Laurel-Tade; but the Yellow Flowers Indicum.
finell very Sweet Sciatica-
 *34 _
Cl)t Calfe0 ant) flletrfues of
,4 _ j
Part il
•
9

Iberis. Sciatica-Crejfes has a pungent Tafte,

like Creffes; and is of the fame Virtue.

Imperato- Mafter-wort is Bitterifh, and extreamly

ria, Acrid and hot in Tafte. It fmells fome-
• * . \

what like Angelica. It is Alexipharmacky

Carminative) Cephalick, and a good Ma~
Jlicatory.

Jmperialis Crown-Imperial: The Leaves have a

Corona. little fweetifh Tafte: It fmells like a Fox;
and may be referrd to the U/y-kind. It
may be put into Nervine Oyntments.
\ "** T '? i,

Indigo, Indigo is prepar’d out of a Plant, which

is of the Leguminous kind • and taftes Bit-
terifli, of a Te^-Tafte; by which it is Diu-
retick, as Dr. Lifter hath experienc’d it.

Iris. Orris: The frefh Root taftes Sweet,

f Bitterifh, and Burning; and fmells molt
Fragrant, when dry; blit frefh, like Li-
quorijh. Powder’d, it is Hot, Aromatick,
and Bitterifh. The Juyce hath a very hot
Acrimony; half an Ounce is given to
purge in the Dropfie. The Powder of the
Root is PeAoral, and Cephalick. Outward¬
ly it is us’d for the Scaling of Bones.
The Roots cf Orris give a Fragrancy
to Beer; and the frelh Roots are boy I’d
* ' v «*
Part ii. plants in Barnetts ant) ©Ijojjs. xj $ ■ — ■•- ——— - ^ -— - - ■ i

in Broth for the Dropfie. Chamcedrys has

the fame Tafte. *
r /•. h

Jujuh have a lufcious fweet Tafte, like Jujubas.’

Raifins; and are Petloral by their fweet
Mucilage.

L. L.
< \

Ettuce: The Root is Milky, Bitter, La&uca,

and Acrid; the Leaves are Watry,
Bitterilh, and Mucilaginous. The
Root fmetls fomething like Poppies. The
whole Plant is Anodyne externally in In¬
flammations. The Seeds are good in Spit-
ting of Blood, and Sloarpnefs of Vrine. The
diftilfd Water cools much; it loofens the
Belly by the bitter Slime. • '. ■■ t v- «•
. k ^ M L f

Joh’s-Tears tafles Sweetilh, like Grafs: Lacryma

The Stony-Seeds are Diuretick, like Grom- J°hk
irc//-Seeds, by their Stoninefs.
* w

, /
/ - T ‘ . . , , ‘

Lefer-Burdock tafles Bitter, Acrid, and Lappa tu-J

Aromatick, like Elecampane ; and is of nor. 1

’.]
the fame Virtue, Hepatick, Diuretick, Pe¬ .
ctoral, and Sudorifck, by the Bitter-Acri¬
mony. , ■' • ’
Lafer- Ii

i i
 *36 CUe Ca(k0 anD CJertues of Part n.
Laferpiti- Lafer-mrt fmells Aromatick, tafles
Sweet, Acrid), and Aromatick ,* and has
the Virtue of the Fennil-Chfs. ' 1
• «

Laurus. The Bay‘Tree: The Berries are very

Bitter and Acrid, and of an hot Aroma¬
tick Smell and Tafte. The Leaves are of
the lame; but Milder, Bitterifh, and Aro¬
matick. The Leaves are us’d in Baths,
for Diflempers of the Nerves, and in hot
Oyutments. . The Berries are Carminative,
ITepatick, Diuretick, and 7Jferine. The
Bark of the Root is Bitterifh, Aflringent,
and lefier Acrid; but very Rough. The
Bay-Tree may be placed amonglt the A-
romatick-Turpentines.

Laurus Ce- The Laurel-Tree: The Bark of the

ralus. Root taftes very Bitter and Aftringent,
like Bitter-Almoncls. The Leaves have the
fame Tafte. I boyfd the Leaves of Lau¬
rel, and a great piece of the Root in Pot¬
tage ; but it neither purged nor vomited
my Dogg. A little Heat may be perceiv’d
in the Leaves. The Leaves, when rubb’d,
fmeil like a Peach-Kernel. There are ma¬
ny Trees of this Tafte. The Leaves of
the Triumphant-Z.u«re/ are Rough, Bit- '
terilli, and of a Laurel-Talle and Smell.
Laurel is not us’d in Thyjick; but the
Leaves
Part ii. lHantg in ®atflgng ant) %n
Leaves feem proper for Wound-Oyntments,
by their Bitter-Aft ringency.

Lavander taftes very Hot, Bitterifti, and Lavandu-

Aromatick in the Flowers and Leaves. *-
The Spirit is moft us’d as a Cephalick;
and the whole Plant outwardly in Baths,
for Paralytick Gales. The Seed is us’d in
Difficulty of Labour.
A s

Tlie Maftich-Tree Wood rubb’d, fmells Lentifcus,

of Majlich, and taftes Dry and Woody.
The Decocftion is us’d in Catarrhs, as Ma-
JHch. It is reputed to be very Aftringent,
and good in all Fluxes. There is aGum-
minels in Mafiich, befides the Refmous
Turpentine-Smell.
*

Snow-Flower: The Root is Bitter, A- Leucolum

1

crid, and Slimy j and of an Elder-Smell. Bulbofum -

in the Leaves. Pnecox
minus.
The Garden-Stock Gilliflower is Bitter- Leucoium
iih, Acrid, and Mucilaginous; and belongs Sativum,
to the Crf/i-Taftes. ’Tis a good Diure-
tick and Antifiorlutick.

Lovage taftes Sweet, Bitteriffi, Acrid, Leviftieum

and Aromatick j efpecially in the Smell,
it is a very ftrong Aromatick, It is Diu-
rstick,
 ^8
^
Cbe €allf0 ano diertucg of
_
Part n.
retick, Peftoral, and Carminative; out¬
wardly in Baths, as an Vterine ; inward¬
ly an Opener of all Obflrutlions • and us’d
{ox Cramps, and expelling the Secundines.

Libanotis. Tlerl-Frankincenfe has a Sweet, Bitte-

rifh, Acrid Tafte, and Aromatick Smell,
as other TJ mbells • and has the lame Vir- '
- tue. ; .a .

Lilac. Blue-Pipe is very Bitter and Acrid, and

of an Aromatick Smell; belonging to the
Jafmins, and differing in Tafte from the
Syringa.

Lilium Common White - Lilies: The Flowers

I
Commune, ffnell Sweet, but Fainty. Tlie Flowers,
Roots, and Green Leaves are Mucilagi¬
nous and Bittenlh. The Flowers are Ano¬
dyne and Mollifying, by the Mucilage ;
and by the ftrong Smelf, difeuffing. The
, Roots are us’d in Pultefjes,, for ripening A-
pojlems by the Mucilage,and by the ftrong
drawing. It has fome flrong hot Parts,
• difcermble in the Smell of the Flowers.

Limonia The Lhnon-Tree: The Leaves are Bit-

• Malus. terifli, Aromatick, and Acrid, like the Peel.
As pleafant a Cordial-Water may be di-
ftiil’d from them, as from the Peels, with
Wine. Lupines

1
Part H. ^lantg in^armng anti &^opg. *39
Lupmes have a Sweet-bitter Tafte, like Lupinus.
Teafe. The Meal is us’d in Pultejfes and
Cataplafms, for the Worms; and in a Pef-
fary, mixt with Hony and Myrrh. Out¬
ward!/ by their Bitternefs they are Cof-
tnetick, cure Vleers and Scabs, and difeufs
Scrophulous tumors.
, #*•

Rofe-Camptons are very Rough, Afirin- Lychnis

•gent, and Vulnerary in the Leaves $ the Coronaria.
Root is Bitterilh, Pungent, and a little
Sweet; by which it may be referrd to
the Clafs of the Caryophylli. The Seed
is very Acrid, as Galen obferv’d.
V '* . * .

Catch-Fly is of a crude TaRe and Smell, Lychnis

Bitterilh and Slimy. Vifcofa.
r r I

M. M.
Ace is of an Aromatick Smell, Macis,
and of a Bitterilh, Aromatick,
and Hot Take; yielding an Oyl
very Stomachick and Cordial. It is like
Nutmeg, but not fo ftrong.
> - - • * k J - ‘J \ ' i \

Marjoram is Bitterilh, Hot, and of an Majoranai

Aromatick Tafte and Smell. Its Chymi-
 Cfte Cades anu (Hertues of Part u,
W————ww—Im^—wy^w^—^

cdf/ Op/ is Stomachick and Cephalick. The

Juyce, with the Juyce of Pr/mrofe-Roots,
put into the Nofe with a Thimble, ex-
' ceedingly evacuates, from the Nofe and
Throat, in the Kings-Evil, and other Di-
(lempers of the Head.
\

Malva Ar- Holy-Hock: The Flowers are Biting,

borea. Mucilaginous, and of a flronger Vertue
than Mallowes; fit only for outward Mol¬
lifying and Difcuffmg.
\ I > >> % ♦ « &

Malus. The Apple-Tree: The Bark is Bitter-

Sweet and Aflringent. The Codling-Bark
is more Sweet than Bitter. * , t '»
t
I

Malus Ci- Citron hath a fragrant and grateful A-

J

tria. cidity in the Fruit, which is Cooling in

Fevers. The Peel is Bitterilh, Hot,' and
Aromatick; and fo are the Leaves. The
Syrup of Citron is molt us’d,- and the
Spirit diflill’d with Sack, from the Peel.
' .' . ’ ' * .^/

x ^ ^ I

Malus Co- Quince-Tree.- The Bark and Leaves are

tonea, moderately Aflringent; the Quince R ough
V and Acid. It is good, as an Aflringent;
and may be usd, inflead of the Mafiich-
Tree, for the Aflringency. The Fruit
hath an Aromatick Aflringency, for the
Stomach. A Qmddany is made of the Fruit;
and
Part ii. piaut0 in ©antjen# anti gdjopg. 141

and a Wine as pleafant as Canary, of the

Juyce.
\ ■' . V * Sk, • , J,
* •* n / - ;
/ * '■ , < if ' ' % 1

Apricock-Pree: The Bark is Rough Malus Ar-

and Bitter, the Leaves are Rough and meniaca.
Sourifh, and the Fruit fomewhat Aroma-
tick.
( ■ « ,

I i 5“ ~r

Feach-Tree: The Bark is very Rough Malus Per-

and Bitter, the Green Leaves are Bitter fica.
and Slimy, with Aftringency, and the
Flowers Bitter and Slimy. The Syrup of
them is us d for the Worms; and fo are
the Green Leaves, boyfd in Milk. Peach
is of a £^«r(f/-Bitterj like the Bitter-Al¬
mond-Tree • and has a Gum in it. The Fruit
tallies Watrilh, Slimy, and Grateful.
r
Maftich-Thyme flies up, with an Aro- Marum
matick Pungency, into the Nofe, like Spi- ~
rit of Sal-Ammoniack. The Talte is Bit-
teriih, and very Acrid • and therefore an
excellent Cephalick. By the Oyly Volatile
Salty it is a good Sternutatory,
. , * «* . r ' *

Feaver-few is very Bitter, Biting, and Matricaria

of a ftrong Aromatick Smell. It is out¬
wardly us’d in Baths for the Womb, and
for Fejjaries. It fmells like Camphore j
and the diftijfd Water is us’d for Freckles^
1
R and v
 dje €aftc0 ant) (Kertues of Part ii.
and Hyfterical Women. Tile Juyce is us’d
for the Shingles, and Agues; and is boyl’d
in Pofiet-Drink, to promote Sweating; and
in Pultejfes, to hard Breafts. By its Bit-
ternefs, it is Emmenogogue ; and by its A-
crimony, and being Aromatick, it is Diu-
retick and Cephalick; as well as, by its
llrong Smell, Hyflerick.

Mechoa- '• Mechoacan is Gummy and Clammy in

canna. the Teeth, like Jalap; but of no consi¬
derable Talle. The Root looks like Bryo¬
ny ; but is not Bitter. It purges Phlegm
and Water, as Jalap does, by the latent
Acrimony of the Refn, and the clammy
Gumminefs. The frefli Stalk cut, yields
a Milk; and the Root, a Refin. Mar-
gravius.

Melanthi- American Fennil-Floiver: I tailed the

um Ameri- Liquor in the Flower, which had the ex-
canum a(q. Xafte of Honey. This Liquor fweats
folkT^ ' ^rom t^ie ProPer Vcfiels of the Plant, and
is its proper Oyly Juyce: And from l'uch
Juyces, Bees gather Honey.

Mcio. Melon: The Seeds are Cool and Mu*

icilaginous; the Pulp, Slimy, and fome-
vvhat Aromatick, like Musk in Musk-Me¬
lons ; and of a Sweet Talle. This Crude
Nourilh-
 - - — i ■ ■ ..i m m*—*i aw ■ ■■ ■ ■■■■—- -

Part ii. plants in ©articng ant) 0l;op0. 143

--———----— --—■-■■■ -■ —- —

Nourilhment is good for Heliteal Bloods,

which cannot bear Acids. Thefe Pulpy
Fruits are apt to putrefie in the Stomach,
and to produce a Cholera: An Emulfion
of the Seeds is fafer in Fevers, Coughs,
Sharpnefs of Vrine, and HeUicks, by the
Crude SI iminefs and Oylineis tempering
Acrid Stf/hr. . . • iJ ^ * * *- '/ 4 14 i
* „ * ^ v 11 ■ ’ *‘ ■ > v
•V t ; * * * ' ' • «• *\\ >

Balm is Bitterifh, Acrid, and of an A- Melifla.

romatick Tafte and Smell, like Citron It
is therefore Cordial in Spirit, Syrup, Wine,
diftill’d Water, and Conferve. Drunk like
Thea, it is good for Melancholy.
^ ^ * -v
'- * »• k jl >
i { i ' Jilt » ' . IV CT 1 u- „

,• • ( * •• 1 ..

Spear-Mint is Bitterifh, Acrid, Aroma- Mentha

tick, Aflringent, and a good Stomachick sPicata*
in Juyce, Spirit, diftilfd Water, Wine, and
Conlerve. The Hart-Mint fmells molt
Cordial, and taftes mod Aromatick • and
yields a pleafant Water. The Oyl is ex-
traded in Didillation of the Simple Wa¬
ter. The Aflringency is ufeful Wftreng-
then the Stomach, and flop Loofeneffes, the
Whites, and Ftmiting. The Acrid-Aro-
matick outwardly difeuhes coagulate
Milk, and inwardly is Cordial. '
I ’ * 1 J

Garden-Mercury is ofa Crude JuyceJike Mercuria-

Blites; by which it is Cooling and Emol- lis.
,lent' R i Medlar-
V
 f44 C[je Caftes ant) 2lettut0 of _ - -
Part n.

Mefpilus. Medlar-tree \ The Leaves and Bark

are Aftringent and Bitterifh: The Fruit
is Acid and Aftringent, and good in all
Fluxes.

T. , m A-' Spignah The Roots are Bitter, Sweet,

thamanti- and Aromatick, with a Mithridate-Fla-
cum, vor, like Petafitis. It is Us’d as an Alexi-
pharmack, Diuretick, and Hyfterick. It’s
like Dill in Vertue, Carminative and Fe¬
ci oral.
r • \ « * - •

Mczereon. Mezereon-tree: The Leaves and Bark

are very Hot and Burning ; and therefore
Purgative. The Flowers have a fweet
Xi/y-Smell, but the Bark an Elder-Smell.
The Heat lafts long in the Mouth.
/ v ’ i ' ' • * I i , . .

s' *

Mirabilis Marvel of Peru is of a Solatium-Smell

Peruviana. and Vertue. The Root purges as ftrong-
ly as Jalap- but differs from it, by the
Opiate Faculty. The Root taftes Slimy,
Acrid, and Bitterifh.
\

Moly. Moly fmells ftrong, and taftes like Gar-

lick • and therefore has the fame Vertue.

Morus. Mulberry-tree: The Bark is Bitterifh,

Aftringent, and Hot; the Leaves Muci¬
laginous and Bitterifh. Mulberries fmell
A®:; s * Strong,
s

(
 Part n. Plants in ^attiens ana ®l)op0. m?
Strong, and tafte Sweet, Acid, and Sli¬
my ; Dand are therefore good for Sore
Mouths in Syrup. The Bark of the Root
is accounted Purgative. Ripe Mulberries
X make a good Wine.

MyrManes are Sweet, Bitterifli, Styp- Myrobala

! tick, and Slimy; by which they purge ni.
k T TT.-. O__1_ Cl
Choler, as Bitter-Styptiek Slimes do.

Myrtle-Tree: The Leaves are Bitterifh, Myrtus.

Rough, Aromatick, and Acrid; and of a
■ ftrong Fragrant Smell. It is Stomachicky
1 Cordial, and Diuretick; and outwardly
i! Vulnerary. The Aftringent Oyl is made
i by infufton. The Flowers have the fame
Smell and Tafte.

N
Elmet-flower, or Monks-Hood taftes Napellus,
very Acrid, and burns the Mouth.
It is accounted a Poyfon, cauFmg
ti Straitnefs of Breath, Pain at the Stomachy
S Lofs of Sight, with Giddinefsy and a Deli¬
rium. I gave an handful of Leaves and
! Roots boyl’d to my Dogg, which made
1 no fenfible Alteration in him. This is an
Aconite; and has Black Roots.
R a nan
 Naltort1- Indian-Creffles: The Leaves are very
cum11 l~ ^it!nS)^^e Flufrard-Sced, and Slimy; and
fo. are the Flowers,- which, eaten with
\ Meat, are Antifcarhutick. The Seeds are
pickled, like Capers. An Antifcorbutick
Oyl may be made by Infuhon of the whole
iHint in Oy/, for Scald-Heads, and Scor-
> hutick pains.
’ b |
Nicotiana. 'Tobacco: The Leaves are Biting, Acrid,
Bitter, and Mucilaginous,- by which it- ]
vomits and purges violently. It cleanfes
Vlcers, and heals Wounds and Burns, dif-
cufles Tumors, and allays Pains, by the
«S elanum-Smell, which I perceiv’d about
the Flowers: But it produces Giddinefs,
b^y its Acrimony * by which it caules
Sneezing in Powder, and evacuates a Lym¬
ph a from the Glandules of the Moutlo, if
■ chew d. Its uferul to HydropicalVcAous.
An Oyntment is made of it. The Infu-
hon or the dry Leaves in Water, cures
» letters. .
■
> f , <*• t r» « v, V .A t..
~ 1 A**- ' •«■■■

Nigella Fennil-Flower tafles Sweet and Hot, like

Romana. Fennil, but of no Aromarick Smell. We
call it Ruffling Dick. By the Tafte it is
Diuretick. , .. .' : L

|
p’^TiTfiantsln ©arfccns ano aliopg. M7
Nutmeg is of a Fragrant Oyl.^ ^Nux^
»«ri»f-Smell; and yields Oyl Ly pPrel
iion and Didillation. It has a Biting, A-
romatick, Bitterifh Tafte; and is Diure-
tick, Cephalick, and Cordial.

O. - •
R , , . » / j .mK

Ofe-Bay is of a crude Smell, and Oleander.,

very Rough and Bitter, like Lau¬
rel. I cannot perceive any Let hi'
ferous Quality in it. . ,

Rice yields a Nutritive,Slimy,and Sweet Oriza,

Meal. It is us’d in Diet • and is fomething
Aftringent in Fluxes, by the Meal.

C HRIS T’s - Thorn is like Haw- Paliurus,

thorn in Tafte, in the Diuretkk
Vertue of the Berries, and in the
Aftringency of the Bark.

The Garden-Poppies Milk is very Bit- P^paver.

ter and Acrid, and of an Offenfive, Fe-
R 4 . tid,
 _
m8 „
et)e Cate anti Ciertueo of part it
> _ ' .
' >*»

tid, and Heavy Smell,• from which Opium

is made. I believe a Tintture of the Pop*
py-Roots may be ufeful: AndanOylmay
be Exprefted. from the Seeds.
«-
)' i 4-' - ,

%
Pepo. Pompions are of a Mellowy Smell, and
of a Watry, Slimy Tafte,* which is alfo
the tafte of theSeed andLeaves. They cool
Inflammations. A Water may be diftilled
from them. The Flelh of the Fruit is
Sweet, of a Cool, Crude, and Waterifh
Nourilhment. The Seeds are Diuretick
by the Oylynefs.

Perfoliata. thorow - Wax taftes Terebinthinate,

Rough and Bitteriih, feels Clammy, if rub¬
bed ,• and is of a low Terebinthinate Smell.
The Root taftes Terebinthinate, Bitterifh,
and Aftringenf. It is an excellent Vul¬
nerary • and is moil us’d in Ruptures.
»

Fetrofeli- Parfley is Sweet, Flot, Pungent, Bit-

num. teriili, and Aromatick. The Seeds and
: Leaves have the fame Tafte. The diflilled
Water and Seeds are good for Wind; and
are Carminative, Diuretick, and Pekoral.
■ ' ' ‘ '■ ] -I •’ * ' '

Fetrofeli- * Macedonian-Parfley: The Seeds are Bit-

numMace- terilh, Sweet, and Acrid; and of a Parfley-
domcum, Tafte and Yertue,
- - •,

. >’ •• ■ Sow*
 Part n. plant? in ©atoms ano aliops * M9
• . - -| ——|
- - ~ *
.
— —
,
_ i ■-
'Su. -
---- -
- .
-
mL *

Soiv-Fennil is Pe&oral by its Sweet- Peuceda-

nefs: but by the Acrimony, Bitternefs, Pum*
and ^Factor, very Cleanfing • and by the
fame, it is Hepatick, Vterine, Diurctick,
i and Nervine A Conferve is made of the
.

j Roots. Sow-Femil is outwardly a good

( Cleanfer and Difcufler in Vleers and Tu-
t mors- : . . . ' - .
I.B. * r 1

l Kidney-Beans have a fweet Tea-Tafle; Phafeolus.

j- and are for Nourifhment chiefly.
W A -»•

Mock-Privet and Alaternus are of a Lau- Phlliryea;

1 *, j
re/-Tafle and Ver-tue. v *

■ - n

I The Tine-Free: The Leaves are of a.^nus*

i Terebinthinate-Smell and tafle Bitterifh,
Rough, and Sub-acid. The Tine-Kernels
l tafle Acid and Terebinthinate; the Nuts
are very much Aflringent in Tafle, and
Terebinthinate in Smell: They are ex-
j cellent in Spittings of Blood in Powder,
I and boy I’d in Drink.
I
Pepper is very . Acrid, Aromatick, Hot, Piper,
| Burning, and Bitterifh. A Tinthre with
Spirit of Wine, heats the Stomach, and is
| Uterine. If Fourteen Corns be given be- \
fore the Quartane Ague, they throw off
the Fits fometimes. It has *a very hot
Oyl
 /I

250 • )
die Cate ana Ocrtues of
I • - . . ' '
Part n.
Oyl in it, and Volatile Salt, by the Pun¬
gency. ■ fimt

Piftacia. piflache-Kernels are Bitterifli, and of

an Aromatick, Turpentine - Talte and
Smell: They are good Peflorals and Diu-
rsticks. ■

The Wingd-Pea has a Bitterifh Pea-

Tafte. • it 1
PlantaSen- The Senjitive-Plant tafles only Sweet
firiva, five anc| Rough ; fo that the Motion of it de-
Herbavivapencjs on tjle fflr0us Contexture of the
Plant, and not on any Spirituous Particles.
It contracts it felf at any Touch, and at
Sun-Set.

Planta Hu- The Humhle-Plant taftes Mucilaginous

rails* and Sweet: I tailed It and the Former
at the latter End of the Year: They both
are of. the Pea-Clals: and -are faid to be
V * „

Siliquoje.

Platanus. The Plane-Tree: The Leaves and Bark

are very Rough, like a Maple, and Bit¬
terifli.
^ \ - « v t . .

Poebnia Pceonj: The Green Leaves are Bitte-

Mas, rifli and Aflringent: The Frelh Roots are
r'' . ’ Sweetilh,

s
Part ii. piant0 mfattensan$0l)op0.

Sweetilh, Hot, and Unpleafant in Tafte,

and fmell like Green Wallnut-Peels; the
Dried are Bitteriili, with great Aftringen-
cy, and fomewhat Fetid : By which the
Plant is ufeful in Convulsions, in Syrup of
the Flowers, in which the Factor is moft,
and in diftill’d Water of them. The Seeds
are Bitter and Rough, and of an hot Tafte,
of fome Fetid thin Parts. The hard Husks
may do fome good to Acids in Convulfi-
ons, as Abforhers. I cannot think Pcsony-
Root fit for After-Pains, tho’ it is com¬
mended by Diofcorides, and fome Pradti-
fers: He makes it Diuretick and Hefa-
tick. An Emulfion may be made of Pwo-
Tzy-Seeds, for Children.
*-r u

Mountain-Poley taftes Bitteriili and Sub- Polium

acrid; and fmells Aromatick. It is put montanum
amongft the Anti-pejlilential Antidotes. It
opens all Obftruclions of the Spleen, Womb,
and Livery and is chiefly an Hepatick,
as Wormwood. Outwardly it is fit tor Ul¬
cers. It is moft properly put into the
Clals of the B itter-Sub-acri d-Aromaticks,
and not amongft the Cephalicks.
, . j. '
Love-Apple is of a ftrong heady Smell; Pomum
and a little Grateful, much like French- Amor is.
Marigolds. It was very oftenfive to my
Head •
 ,2,5^ Ct*e €afles ant) mttuts Of Part II.
Head • and, by the Fruit, feems a Sola¬
tium, I did not tafle it.

Porrum.
' / X Leeks: The Tafle and Smell are flrong
and rank, like Garlick, abounding with a
Volatile Salt. The Pottage of Leeks is
good againfl the Scurvy, and the Quar¬
tans-Avne in the Declination of it. They
difcufs the Piles, being fry’d with Butter,
or boy I’d; and lo does the Fume ok Gar-
lick, laid upon the Coals. It is a flrong
Diuretick and Thoracick; but troubles the
Head.

Portulaca. Turflain is Watry and Mucilaginous,

and of a crude Smell. It is good againfl
Spitting of Blood, in Syrup and diflill’d
i
Waters, and for Hefticks. It is much
usd for both.
* ^
i
4
j
** .

Primus. 1 he / lumh-Tree: The Bark is very

Rough, Aflringent, and Bitterifh. It has
a Gum, which is Watrilh.

Piecavort: The Seeds are Mucilaginous

u-Ocl they are us d as luch to cool Inflam¬
mations. The Plant is faid to be Naufe-
ous, Bitter, and Offenfive to the Stomach.
It is Purgative and Venemous. It feels
Yifcid.
Part ii. plants in ©artiens ant) g>5op0. zy
Tellitory of Spain is of a burning Acrid Pyrethrura
Tafte • by which it is a good Mafticatory
And if it be infus’d in Oyl, it is very good .
for faralytick Lamenefs and CoUnefs.

H E Oak Leaves are Crude, Sub- Quercus,

n acid, and Rough: The Bark is
very Rough, with little or no
Bitternefs: The Shells of the Acorn have
the fame Roughnefs: The Kernels of A-
corns are Sweet and Rough: The Acorn-
Cups and Bark are good in all Fluxes.
Out of the Leaves is diftill’d a cooling
Water; and out of the Bark is made a
Decobtion for Vulnerary Baths in the
Stone, and Mouth-Waters. The Bark is
boyl’d in Ale for the Strangury, with
Bloody Water.
Beach, Oak, and Maple, differ little in
Tafte and Vertue.

i
rw"»-

■e»
zs4 Cfjt Cades ana Ctertueg of part n.

R. R.
RadixRho* Adix Rhodia: The Leaves of this
dia. Plant are Slimy- and the Stalk
is Bitterilli and Rough: It refem-
fembles Orfin.

Rhabarba- Monks-Rhubarb: The Roots are Mu-

rum Mo- cilaginous, and Bitter; and the outward
nachorum. R^fe is a littk, Aftringent. It is mod
us d in Diet-Drink for a Cholagogue in the
Scurvy; but very gentle. ° - "

Rhabarba- . True Rhubarb has a Dock-Tafte, is

rum. Bitter and Aftringent, with a very little
Gumminefs, or Refin • in which is a lit¬
tle Acrimony, which is eafily loft by a-
ny Heat. It purges Choler gently by the
Bitternefs, and Acrid Gumminefs, as Docks
do. The Leaves are Acerb, as Docks be.
The Root colours the Spittle Yellow, and
refembles Choler fomewhat in Tafte, as
well as Colour. ' ‘ Y^'-IFb

Lignum Lignum Rhodium is of.an Hot, Bitterifti,

Rhodium. Sub-aftringent, Aromatick Tafte; and
fmells like a Rofe.

Sumach
 I

Part ii. plants in ©arums anD aftopg. *$$

Curriers Sumach is very Rough and Rhus.

Bitteriih; on which the Vertue depends in
flopping Fluxes.
, ’« •
*«, „
■ ' >f •
j ' # 1 r\ „•• • «

The Currain-Tree: The Bark is very Ribes.

Aftringent, and a little Bitter. The Fruit
is very Acid. It is made into Qjuddany^
and not a Syrup. A Tart Wine is.made
of it; which is boy I’d hr ft, to take away
the Windinefs. The Leaves are Rough
and Sowre. ff
_/ , . .« .V

The Black Currain is like the other; Ribes fra-

but is of a ftrong, {linking, and naufeousLm n,Sl°*
Smell.
( <
The Red-Rofe-free: The Flowers are Rofa Ru-
Bitterilli and Aftringent, without any bra, .;
conftderable Mucilage, and fmell F ragrant.
They flop Fluxes, and yield a Cordial
Water and Spirit.
i • • y « ' f < s

Damask-Rofe-tree: The Flowers tafte Rofa Da-

Mucilaginous, Bitter, and Aftringent; and mafcena.
therefore are Purgative. I he Aftringen-
cy is leaft in thele Flowers, A Syrup is
made of them to purge: An handful of
the Flowers boy I’d in Whey, does the fame.
The White-Rofe has the fame Vertue:
.Ten Ounces of the diftili’d. Water there-
of, purges, . < Rofes

v /
 %\)t Caltt0 ant) fliertues of Part n
Rofes fmell either like Musk or Cinna¬
mon ; or Fainty, like Lilies; or very Grate¬
ful and Fragrant; or are inodorous; or
Fetid, as the Tellovo Rofe. The ftrong Smell
of Rofes, ihcws an Acrimony in them;
i
which helps the bitter Mucilage in purg¬
ing. Red Rofes have the fame Acrimony ;
yet for want of Mucilage, and a greater
degree of Bitter, the Aftringency prevails.
From whence it is evident, how much the
Vertue of Herbs depends on divers diffe¬
rent Principles of Plants; and theabfence
of one, or a difference in Degree, alters
the Vertue confiderably; and therefore
all Compofitions alter the Nature of the
Simples much.

Rofmari- Rofemary: The Green Leaves and Flow-

nus. ers are Bitterilh, Acrid, and Aromatick
in Fade and Smell. Rofemary was call’d
Libanotis, from the Smell like Thus: Tt
is therefore an excellent Cephalick in Pal-
I

fies and Apoplexies, us’d in Conlerve of

the Flowers, Spirit, or Queen ot Hungary's
Water; or the diddl'd Oyl. or Decod ion
of the Wood.

^uta* Garden-Rue is Bitter, Acrid, and Hot,

: and of a ftrong rank Smell; by which it
• is accounted an Hyjlerick Medicine. A
v< ' Volatile
• u. *
Partii. plants in ^amnganft afropg. 157
Volatile Salt and Oyl may be diftilfd out'
of it in Sand; and by that it is Alexi-
pharmack in Plagtie-Waters, infus’d in Vi¬
negar, and eaten with Butter. It is bond’d '
in Milk for the Worms, and us’d to the
Belly in Oyl. The Conferve of the Leaves,
or Powder, is us’d in Convulfions. Give
half a Spoonful of the Powder for Nine
Days in the Morning, in Drink * and at
Night take Twenty-four Grains of the
lame. lake White Flenbdne-Sez&s Two
Ounces; powder it • adding half an Ounce
of Sugar: .Take in a Spoonful of Syrup
ot Houfe-Leek a Scruple, for Forty Days,
at the Pull and New Moon. Bathe the
Feet in this following Decodion, and wall]
the temples and Forehead. Take Hue, and
Roots of Henbane, of each an Handful;
boyl them in Spring-Water a Quarter of
an Hour; then make a Bathe. Take White
Wine Two Pound, Juyce of Rue, inward
Bark of Elder, and the Leaves, of each,
Two Ounces; boyl them in the Wine
to hall the Quantity, then take Two or
Three Spoonfuls in the Morning fading.
Phis is accounted Sir theodore Mayhem s
Receipt; who fays, It has cured many.
The whole Vertue of it lies in the Opi¬
ate Faculty, and the Rue.

I
 ^5'8
__ _
€1)t Cailes ant) Oertues of Part n.
_________________________ .

Rue is Diuretick, Emmenagogue, and Ce¬

phalick ; but exceeding Hot in Tafle and
Smell. I have feen it blifter the Lips upon
chewing. It difculies Wind flrongly.

S Avin is of a biting Turpentine-1?aide,

Strong, Bitter, a little Mucilaginous
and Aflringent • and of a Turpen-
tine-Smcll, when rubb’d; but before, more
Fetid: By which it is Vferine, provoking
the Mcnfes, and driving out the Foetus,
and After-Birth. Outwardly it is a ftrong
Cleanfing Vulnerary, and Diuretick in¬
wardly by the Turpenfine-SmtlL You
may make a Cleanfing Oyntment of it,
with Axuwia o
Porci.'

Salvia. Sage is Bitterilh, Hot, and Aromatick

in Tafle and Smell. It is a Cephalick in
Decodiion, and Conferve of the Flowers;
and us’d in Cephalick Waters; and a Chy-
mical Oyl drawn from it, is in life. It pro¬
vokes Vrine, baked in Pafte, and put into
a Veflel of Beer; and therefore is us’d in
Dropfies; and is boyl’d in Pollet-Drink,
for Sweating; and ’tis us’d as Thea. It is
Cleanfing in Gargles, and in Nervine Baths
and
I
 v.

Part ii. iplantg in ^arBen0 ant> &tjop0. ^s9

---- -- ■ ■■ ■ < ■ . ..mm*

and Oyntments difcuffing. The Aroma-

tick Oyly Turpentine of Sage, is drain’d
through the Pores of the Tops of it; and
feds Clammy, or Glutinous.

Elder-Rofe: The Flowers are Mucila- Sambucus

ginous; and fmell neither confiderably, Rofea.
nor like Elder.
, « i , , \

Tellovo-Saunders is Bitterilh, Aftringent, Santalum

and Aromatick ; and of a Musky, Fra- Citrinum.
grant Odor; and therefore is Cordial,*
Aftringent., Aperitive, and Cephalick, by
the Bitterilh Aromatick Tafte.

Trickly-Bindiveed is of a Mealy, Dry Sarfaparil-;

Tafte: The Decodion foon turns fowre. la.
Quyere, Whether there be any Acrimony
in it, by which it fweats ?
Tile-Tree is Mealy and Acrid: Queere^
Whether That may not be a Subftitute
of it ? though no Root, that I know of,
is in any Shrub, but Vericlymsnum-Root,
which has any conliderable Acrid. Hop-
Roots are like it in Vertue. Quaere^ Whe¬
ther it be not Bitterilh like them.
U , '. ' i I V . 1

Saffaphras is a Wood of a Fennil and

Aromatick Smell; and taftes Sweet, Hot,
and Aromatick • and therefore is Diure-
% tick. (

I
I

I
 %6o ct)e cato anti aertue* of Part n.
retick, Carminative, and Pectoral, like i7*?#-
»//,* and yields an Oyl. It is good, in
Sweating Decoctions, Catarrhs,and the Gout.
It yields a Refin, if extracted by Spirit
of Wine, as Cinnamon does; and both will
with Water. The Bark is the

Satureia. Savory is very Biting, Hot, and Bitte-

rilh; and of a ftroiig Aromatick Scent,
flying ftrongly into the Nofe. It is a
Cephalick and Diuretick. When pickled it
taftes like Samfire. It is of the Na¬
ture of Hyffop : By their great Acrimo¬
ny, both of them a<ft like Volatile Salt,
which is evidently in them.

Scammo- Scammony-Bindweed: It yields a Refin,

nia. like Jalap, is Milky, if wet, and is at firft
like Milk running out of the cut Root,
as Diofcorides fays; and therefore has at
' firft fome Acrid,Tithymal-Tafte, by which
it purges; though when it is kept in the
Shops, it has no Acrid Tafte, but fmells
fomewhat Acid, as Refin of Jalap does.
It purges ftrongly. It is thought to be a
fort of Bindweed. The dried Juyce of the
Root is call’d Scammony. The Refin, dil-
folv’d in Spirit of Wine, is put into Sy¬
rup to- purge. By the Milk and Acrimo¬
ny,
 \ •

part n. $lantg in ©attteng ana eftops. *6i

ny, it may be referr d to the Clafs of the

Tithymalus. It has no Bitternefs; and for
that Reafon, I think it is not a Convol¬
vulus, though the Figure makes it fo.

Chives tafte of the fame Acrid, as Gar- Scha?no-

lick; and of the fame rank Smell and Ver- praflum.
tue, exciting Appetite; and therefore us d
in Sauces. - ,
»*
^ * -r c. t ’v
^ ,r
* • n
}
■ •
.
I

Camels-Hair is Aftringent and Aroma- Schoenan-

tick, fmelling like a Ko[e. bius.

Squills is Bitter, Mucilaginous, and A- Scilla.

crid • and of a rank Smell: When frefh,
if rubbed on the Skin, it will make it
fmart. The Wine of Squills is belt for
Vomiting: But Vinegar corrects the Vo¬
latile Salt in Squills. Oyl heals their Sting¬
ing of the Hands.
111

Cater-PillarSy with the Leaves of Bu- Scorpioi-

pleurum, are of a F^-Talte and Flavor, desbupleu
• rifolia.
Vipers-Grafs: The Roots, Leaves, and Scorzone-
Flowers have an Infipid, Watrilh, andra.
Sweet Tafte. It is ■ Cooling, and fit for
food: But where the Sudorifick, Cordial
Quality lies, I cannot find. The Milk is
Sweet.
El' \\ ( S 3 Jfyrian-
 Cl)t Caflcs ana aiertucs of Part n.
Sebeftens. Affyrian-Plimbs are Sweetifh, Slimy
andPetforals.
_,. \ i i m *\ *“# / ^4 . r'

Sedum At- Tree-Hmfe-Leek taftes Watrifli and A-

ordcens. ftringent, like tile Ordinary Hoafe-Leek.
t .v •_ *%. *>■ ■ +r* f \ ^ .

Sena. Sena is Mucilaginous, Slimy, Bitterifh,

and a little Hot or Acrid • and of a ftrong
- Herby-Smell,, like New Hay. It purges
Serum gently in Decodion or Powder;
but gripes by the Vifcid Slime, which may
be correded by Tartar.
I :

Seripbium. _ • Sea-Wormwood: I defcrib’d That I found

in the Garden, under the Letter A, as I
have done others. Mr. Ray found it Wild :
But I find by this Inftance, that Wild
riants are ftronger than thofe of the Gar¬
den. Sea-Wormwood is lefs Aftringent than
the Common, and more Hot. It has a nau-
feous Tafte, being very Bitter and Acrid •
and therefore is very Diureiick, good for
. Worms, and lefs agreeable to the Stomachy
than
• Common-Wormwood. * * .
4.

Sprpenta- SnaheWTeed imells of Turpentine ftron0--

naVirgi- ly} like Talerian-Koots; and taftes bS-
niana‘ ^ and Acrid. Half a Drachm of the Pow¬
der is given before an Ague-Fit. It is A-
kxiyharmack and Diuretick. I have given
• • • • \. & :r
V V ll

¥
y 1S
 I

ivTiTinantshii ©awtus ant) aljops. ^3

it very fucceffively for driving the Gout
from the Stomach.
Sefeli-Seed is very Bitter, Sweet Acrid,Sefc -
and Aromatick in Tafte and Smell. It is
of the Fennil-Glafs, being Diuretick and
Pectoral in Afthmas, and Carminative.
v y . * *• , “\ •
t | \ ^ * # , '

iSkirrets: The Tafte of it is Sweet and Sifaiu.ni.

Aromatick, like Parfnep.

cmPax • The Leaf taftes Bittenfli and Smilax,

RougC fells Crude, and looks like an
/in-Leaf.
/
• «
' :v ' ' ’ " *' ;

Tree-Nhht-Shade fmells ftrong of a So- Solanum

lanum-SmAl like Solanum Lignojum; and fruticofum
therefore is Narcotick. p,. ..
Quaere y Whether the Solanum-Trees are ri *u *
not ftronger Narcoticks, than tne Herbs.

Saracens Confound taftes Bitterilh, A-Solidago

ftringent, and Terebinthinate; by which Saracemca
it is a Vulnerary. It is Terebinthinate,
and fmells a little like Angelica.

Celtick-Nard is very Bitter, Hot, Aro- Spica Cel-

matick, and Aftringent: It relembles Va-tica*
lerian in Tafte, Smell, and Vertue; and
is a Turpentine-Plant, being Diuretick.
S 4 Spike-
 -
&ttD (HcttU00Of Part II.
*

spica In-
dica. Spikenarcl is very Hot, Aromatick, and
a little Bitter. It is of the Vertue of the
former, Diuretick and Cordial.

P hia. Spinache is Watty, Mucilaginous, and

Acid; and of a Crude Juyce, cooling in¬
wardly and outwardly. , ’ \ y ^',

oohraoJhe Spiked-Willow of Theophrajlus has a

x Crude Smell; and is Bitter, Rough, and
of a Crude Tafte. ‘ b ’ :

S3 St'mi‘»g-Cdaddon has a ftrong Smell,

,u iaa- hke Roaft-Beef

Stachys.
Bafe-Horehornd tafles Bitter and Acrid,
is of a Fetid Lamium Smell, and of a Mar-
mlium Vertue. It is Jnti-hyjferkk, pro¬
voking the Menfes, and expelling the Af¬
ter-Birth.
✓
r ■
Stcechas
Arabics. French-Lavander: 'The Flowers, in the
Shops, are Sub-Aftringent, Bitteriih, Hot,
ana Aromatick, like our Lavander; and
is a Ce^tdahck. J he tty rup is in the Shops
and is given in Cephalick Difeafes. ‘ 9
* * » «

Stramoni¬ Thorn-Apple: The Smell is Strong, Un-

um.
pleafant, and fomewhat Narcotick, or like
Elder, An Oyntment of the Leaves cures
'■ ~ Scalds

4
Part ii. plants in Martens ant) &>\)0jjf. 165
' - 1 .. -- - ' '---■■ —' --.-T- .■—™

Scalds and Burns; and is a good Ano¬

dyne in Cancerous Breajls. The Leaf boy 1 d,
and drunk by mi (lake, caus’d a Phrenzy,
like Narcoticks. It is a Solanum in Vertue.

The Cork-Tree is Bitterifh and Aflrin- Suber.'

Sumach taftes Bitterifh, Aflringent, and Sumach.

Acrid; and yields a Milk.
*--v k a « «

Sycamore: The Bark is Bitterilli and Sycomorusr

Rough; the infide of the Bark is a little
Slimy. It is Aflringent, like Maple.
. '

White-Pipe is of a Bitter, Sub-acrid Syringa

Tailc. alba-
w

r.
T Amartnds are Sweet, Slimy, and Tamarindy
Acid Plumbs; by which they
loofen the Belly, correct hot Cho-
ler, as Acids, and abate Thirft.

Tamarisk .• The Bark is Bitterifh and Tamarifcus

Aflringent; and therefore accounted a
Splenerick, flopping the irregular Fermen¬
tation
 2.66 cije Cato ann ©fttueg of Parr if.
tation of the Blood. It is good for Vlcers
of the Mouth, and Tain of the Teeth.

The Turpentine-Tree. The broad Leaves

Imell plainly of Turpentine, and tafle Bit-
terilh and Allringent.

Meadow-Rue: ,1 tailed it in the Gar¬

den. The Tellow-Root is of a Sweetilh,
Bitter Talle; and fo is the Leaf, by which
it may be Naufeous and Purgative. This
and Columbine I refer to the Pea-Clafs,
for their Sweetnels.
Meadow-Rue is not of a Rhularl-TTM;
but may purge Choler, as Fumitory does.
**» < '

Thlaipi Candy-Tufts are Acrid, Bitter, and Sli-

Creticum. my in Taffce.

Thymus Thyme is Bitterifh, Hot, Acrid, Aroma-

citratus tick, Carminative, Stomachick, Cepha-
rnaftichi- lick, Cordial, and Uterine. It is us’d in
nus & Ser-
• piilum. After-Pains. Thyme has divers Aromatick
Smells, in the different Species ; as of Mri¬
ft kh, or Citron, or Limon • or like Balm,
as Serpiilum.
i » * . |T"^t

Trifolium Snail-Trefoile is of a Teu-Talle in both

Cochlea- the kinds which 1 tailed.
tum.
Sweet
Part'll, plants m fattens ant) @>t?opg. ^7
Sweet-Trefoile or Baljam : The Herb
odoratura.
fmells Balfamy; but fqueez’d,fmells of a
Pea-Smell The Tafte is of a Mucilagi¬
nous Pea-TMke; and very Hot or Acrid,
like Melilote. The Flowers infus’d in Oy/,
make a warm Vulnerary Balfam, difcuhing
hard ftmors. The whole Plant is boy I’d
in Hoggs-Greafe. The Flowry Part boy I’d
in Polfet-Drink, fweats, given after Bmi-
fes, and does not purge.
* *

Tulip-Boots are Sweet, Mealy, Muci- Tulipa.

laginous, and of the Lily-Venue.
'A * _ ... ■* V. :U .-V* '

Turbith is Burning and Acrid, like 77- Turpe-

thymalus. See the Specifick Clajjes. thum.

V l ■

T HE Vine: The Leaves and Ten- Vitis.

drils are Acid and Plough • they
are good for hot Vleers in the
Mouth, and us’d boyl’d in cooling Broths.
The Ripe Grapes are Sweet, Sub-acid, and
Slimy. The Stone taftes Auftere,Bitterifh,
and Rough. Unripe Grapes tafte like the
Leaves, Acerb, Acid, and Rough. The
Root of- the Vine taftes Bitterifh and
Rough. Winters

I
 I

“Cue Cafle0 attD (Uertues,

w. w.
Wintera- Inters-Bark is very Pungent, Bi-
nusCortex.
, ting, Aromatick, and Hot, like
Cinnamon: It is good for the
Stomach, and Cold Scurvy, bv the Ovlv
and Pungent Salt. ' *

Z.

^edoaria.
jL^aoary is Bitter, Hot, and Aroma-
tick, like Ginger. It is Carmina-
, . f ’ §00cl for the Stomach
and Alexipharmack by the Bitter-Acrimo¬
ny.
Whether the Smell be like Cam-
Phore > as a’ % the Smell of Letfer-Carda-
moms ? as Dr, <?/•«?.

Zmziber. Ginger is very Acrid, Hat, Aromatick,

Bitterilh Carminative, Cordial, and Ce-
phahek, by the Volatile Salt.

The End of the Second Pert.

t r #

1/

I
Part III.

T H E

OF THE

Produds of Vegetables,
(Viz.)
Gnmsy Kefins, turpentines, &c.
> i \ *,

. ■ - • - S-. _——i; ——;—•

Chap. I.

W OfWatrj Gams.
Atry Gums will diflolve in.
cold Water - but will not
melt nor diflblve in Oyl.
)

, They burn without Fla¬

ming, and tafte Slimy and Clammy. They
were originally Mucilages, which dry in¬
to Gums. Gum»
 t

270 Clje Cafie0 ana caertue^ of Part ni.

Gum Ara- Gum-Arabick is Clammy and Mucila¬
bicum. ginous : It is the Gum of Acacia.' It is ob-
lervable, That not only this Tree, but
all other Trees yielding a Watry Gum, are
Aftringent. Whence I do inferr, That
Watry Gums are Mucilages coagulated by
an Acid, the AAringency depending on
an Acid. Gum-Aralick yields a Fixt Salt.
Ail Gum-Refins, as Myrrh, Aloes, Opium.,
and Euphorbium, have a Fixt Salt upon
the Account of the Gumminefs.

Gum Tjfa- Gum-Dragon is a Clammv Mucilage of

gacanthi, * Thorny. Plant. Half a Drachm thereof
is good in Powder in Sharpnefs of Vrine,
and Coughs. All Watry Gums are of an Em-
plajlick Nature,. cooling, flicking, and
glewing Parts together. They allay A-
crimony, thicken the Humors, and fmooth
the Pajfages; having theVertue of Mu¬
cilages, and of an Acid dull’d thereby.
Tire Plant from whence this Gum is ga¬
ther’d, is defcrib’d amongft the Legumi¬
nous Plants.

Gum Ce- Cherry, Peach, Almond, and Plumb-Tree

Mainvrfi- Gums, are all Watry Gums; and have the
cae, Amyg- ^ame Tafle anc* Vertue with the for-
dala?, Pru- tner.
norum,
/ -4

Dragons-
Part hi.' tl)e i^omtag of ffiegcfableg. x/t

Dra<rons-Blood is the Watry Gum of a Sanguis

Tree diflolvible in Water, and taftes Gum- Draconis.
my and Aftringent; and therefore is a
good Agglutinative in Spitting of Blood\
and it ftops all Fluxes.
\

White Starch comes near the Nature Amylum.

of Watry Gums ; being prepar’d of Wheat-
Flowre, which is Mucilaginous: For by
the Mucilage it fmooths the Hands and
Face, and allays the Acrimony in Coughs.
«

Sarcocol has a very fweet Gummy Tafte; SarcocoHa.

though the true Sarcocol is faid to be Bit-
terifli, like Frankincenfe,> and very Nau-
feous and Purging; but without any
Smell. It is diflolvible in Water. It is out¬
wardly us’d as an Agglutinative, clean fing
and allaying any Sharp Defluxion into the
Eyes.
'
/, 1
» . i
■- • \

Manna is very naufeouily Sweet, and Manna.

Gummy. It is the Gum of a free; and by
the very fweet Gummofityit is Purging.
It alfo contains a very Acid Spirit; by
which it is injurious to the Flypcchondria-
cal, and good for the Cholerick. Acids are
given with it, to abate the lufcious Sweet-
< nefs.

t
/

/
 *7* Ci)t Cafte0 ant) (Liertues of • Part in.
Mel* Honey: By the Sweetnefs it is Diure-
• tick and Felloral. It is partly Vegetable,
and has an Animal Digeftion. In Diftil-
lation it yields an Acid Spirit • by which
it is ofFenfive to the Hypochondriacal. Ho-
ney contains alfo an Oyly Spirit, by which
it is Vinous in Liquors, after Fermenta¬
tion ; and, by the Acid, outwardly clean¬
ses Vleers. It feems to partake of the Na¬
ture both of Watry and Turpentine Gums.

Saccharum Sugar is a Salt very Sweet and Oleous;

and therefore inflammable. It melts with¬
out Water at the Fire, mixes with Oyl,
and, by Fermentation, yields a burning
Brandy Spirit: Therefore the ufe of it
is very inflaming to the Blood, by the
Oyly Part; and by the Acid, corrofive;
which it yields in a ftrong Fire. It is
like the Acid of Tartar, as all Eflential
Salts be, which are more or lefs mixt
with the Oyl of the Vegetable. From tlris
great Quantity of Oyl mixt with the A-
cid, the Sweetnefs arifes. And becaufe
Sugar is diflolvible in Water gas the Gums
be, and may eafily be turn’d into a Gum¬
my Confidence, as happens in boy ling of
Sugar with Acids; I think it fit to place
it here amongft Gums, whofe Taite it
refembles more than the Tartarous Salt of
Vegetables. CHAP.
Part m. tbe pjto&utts o£ Vegetables. 173

Chap. II.

F Etid Gums were originally Milky

Liquors: They are ftrongly Bit¬
ter, or Bitter-Acrid; and have a
Mucilage,whereby they foften; and a Vo¬
latile Oyly Salt, whereby they difculs.
By an Acid the Mucilage is coagulated
into a Watry Gum; and the Oyly Vola¬
tile Salt, which gives the Fastor, is coa¬
gulated into fomething of a Refin: whence
the Gum is diflolvible into a Milky Li¬
quor, by Water; and the Oyly Salt is
bell extracted by Spirit of Wine Tarta-
riz’d. Thefe Gums are frequently diflolv’d
in Wine or Vinegar, and put into difeuf-
fing Emollient Fiafters ,• but the Vinegar
abates their Acrimony.

and taftes Gummy, very Acrid, and Bitter

and fmells like Garhck. It is Emollient,
find difcuffive outwardly ,* inwardly it is
Carminative, loofening the Belly, PeBoraL
and Diuretick.
 174 Ctje-Cailes anti Oettues of Part hi.
Sagape- Sagapenum fmells Rank, and tallies Bi-
ntsm. ting, like Garlick • and is of the Nature of
• Opopanax.
i . ' *

Bdellium, Bdellium is Biting, very Bitter, and

Gummy • and of the fame Vertue with
the former.

Opium. Opium is very Bitter, Acrid, and Gum-

mofe • and of a Poppy-SmtW. It is Inflam¬
mable and Refinous j and is the greateR
Opiate. It iSrDiureiick, Venereal, Diapho-
retick; and fometimes it vomits and
purges.

Euphorbi- Euphorlium is very Burning and Exo¬

urn. nerating in Taile, and of a Fetid piercing
- Smell; not to be us’d inwardly, but exter¬
nally in drawing Phjlers, and for Carious
Bones. The Acrimony may be corre&ed
by Acids. It is faid to be a fithymal• and
all Tithymals have the fame Vertue.
Euphorlium is the Gum of a Milky
Plant, purging violently, and freezing
Rrongly. .yC y gTi

Gum. He-' Gum-ivy is of an oflenfive Smell, and

dera?. very Biting and Exulcerating in Tafte.
« » i 0 ,
i. J • * M ’1 . * ’ 1 |

Camphora. Camphore is a Gum out of a free like

' ... ... Poplar;
r t
 Bitterilh, Acrid, Hot, and Pungent. It is
an Antihxfterick inwardly • and outward-
ly it opens the Pores in Inflammations, and
lo cools. It is us’d as an Alexipharmack.
It dillolvcs in Spirit of Wine or Oy/, ha¬
ving a great deal of Oyl and Volatile Salt
in it. A good Tinlture is made of it, with
the Spirit of Wine Tartariz’d.

ter: It is therefore the greatdt Antihy-

flerick.
* * .} '

•Galhamm is very Fetid, and linells like

Garlick. It is very Gummy, Bitter, and
Sub-Acrid; and therefore very Emollient
and Difcuffing ; and inwardly Antihyfte-
rick. It burns like Refin; and is Soft and
Gummy, like Wax.
* v • .

1 t

. Gum-Ammoniack is a Gum of a Ferula.

It fmells ftrong, and but little like Caftor.
It is very Gummy and Bitter; by which
it opens all OhflruIHons, cures the Afth-
vna, and Fits of the Mother; and by the
Gumminefs and Bitternefs, is Laxative and
Carminative Outwardly, by the fame, it
oilcuues and foftens Scirrhous Tumors.
 clje catteg ano (Utrtues of Part hi.
Fuligo. Soot: I place it here, becaufe it has
a Smoaky Fetidnefs of Burnt Wood, and
an Oyl and mAcid in it; bywhich it is ma-
nifeftly Bitter and Acrid. It is very Su¬
dorific k (inwardly, and feems a State of
Vegetable Principles, betwixt Bitter and
Salt. A great Quantity of Earth rifes'
with the Oy ly Acid Particles; by a ftridl¬
er Union whereof, a Volatile Salt is pro- ]
duced from Soot, in Di {filiation.
^ * - ' ’ ♦

• I could not find much Difference in the

Tafte of Soot diWood, from that of Coals.
The Laft is more Fetid and Saltifli, the
Firfl more Acid. Wood diftilled yields
a Fetid Oy/, and Smoaky Acid : The
fame feparated, by a Fire, from Wood,
carries Earthy Ajhes with it, and conffi-
6 rates Soot; which is not very Bitter. The
Soot of Coal and Wood being almoft the
fame, I fuppofe the Oyl and Acid in the -
Principles of Vegetable 's and Minerals are
nearly related.

•-- ^ \
GHAP.
* "1“ ^‘ V
•**-•• 1 * ■
* • r •

\ \

i
 I

Part hi. t\)t pjotmSs of Vegetables. 2.77

C H A P. III.
Of Turpentine Gum-Ref
\\L <1 A v. \

melt with Heat, burn with

a Flame, and will be eafily dried
to Powder: They difiolve in Oyl,
or Spirit of Wine. They generally tafle
Brittle, and fmell of Turpentine; or el lb
rf
are more Aromatick, or Fetid : And feme •'

have a Gum joyn’d to the Refin, and are

call’d Gum Refins.
Refins are OyA, and Volatile Salts, coa¬
gulated by an Acid, which all Refins yield
in Di {filiation: They are Acid-Oleous Li¬
quors at firft, being originally Turpentines;
Dr. Grew.

Fine Frankincenfe tafles Gummy, Hot, Olibanum.

and Bitterilli; and fmells of Turpentine.
It flops Rheums by the Gumminefs, and is
Diuretick by the Turpentine-Smell * and ■
by the Heat dries much; and provokes
Sweat in a Peripneumonia.
ti / . . /

Mafich has a Turpentine, - Smell, and Maftiche

taftes Hot, Gummy, and Brittle. It is us’d
as an Aflringent: By the Gumminefs it
^ 3 flops
 €l?e Cate ant) Glmms of Part m.
Hops Rheums. The Mafikh-Wood is Bit-
terilh and Styptick. This is a Terehinthi-
nate-Tree.
( £. •*•'*•'**. ^ t ~ * ■» ** • %u '

Rcfina. Common Refin tafles Brittle, and is of a

./
Turpentine-Smell Refin., Maftich, and 0-
m )
lihanum have no quantity of a Fixt Salt;
but yield a Salfo-Acrid Spirit or Salt, as
Succinum. ’
*

« f

Colopho : Colophnia is of the Firr-Tre/boil¬

nia. ed. Refins digeft by their moderate Heat,
and agglutinate by their Gumminefs.
• •»> 4 ^ •*

lam Ju ' Gum-Juniper is a Gum-Refin, of a fort

iperi. of Cedar, and fmells ftrong of Turpen¬
tine. . \ ' ‘ ' -''

\ • . * .r

Fitch is of the Nature of Refin.

Of Gum-Refins.
y - * ^ w X -

Trrh is of a very bitter Tafle,

Gummy and Refinous. It dif-
^ folves bell in <?/ Wine.
It agglutinates and cleanfes in Vleers. In-
. wardly
 «
I

wardly it is cin 'ZJtcvinc^ Vtiioi $/^3nd am-

tifelrifick. It is the bell cleanfing Vurine,
given to half & Scruple.

' Amber taftes Brittle and Reft nous, and Succinum.

has a Fetid, Turpentine-Scent, as other Bi¬
tumens have. The Tincture of k, with Spi¬
rit of Wine, and the Volatile Salt and Oyl,
are good Antihyftericks, by their doctor.
■

Lacca is a Brittle Refin, without Smell Gum Lac-

or Tafte, and is diflblvible in Spirit of
Wine. It is not of that opening Vertue
Authors give it, unlefs becaufe it colours
the Spittle-. It is accounted good for the
faundice. It is the Gum of a fort of Plumb-
Tree.
,

Boy I’d Turpentine becomes of a Refi- Terebin- ,

nous Nature, by lofing the Spirituous Oyl thinaCofta
in boy ling: And fo Rejins differ from
Turpentines, and Natural Balfams,\sy ha¬
ving lefs Oyl than they ; but more ol an
Acid and Gumminefs.
.
1 i ' <. . .
• Wax taftes Gummy,Oyly and Hot, and is Cera,
of a very grateful Smell; by which it is
Mollifying, Digeftive, and Emplaftick. 11
is the Gummy Terebinth of Plants gather'd
and prepar’d by Bees; and differs from
T 4 Honey,, r
 •z8° CfteCafte0anDdlertur0of Partm.

Honey, as Turpentines do from Gum-Re-

fws. It yields an Oyl, which is difcuffive
in Tumors^ if diftiH’d by an open Fire.

• » __
. * 1 i ■" » ■■■■■ * ■ ■

C HAP. V.
Of Swet-fcentcd Gum-Re-

Labdanum W Abdanum is of an Hot and Refinous

1 i ^a^e’ anc^ °f a fragrant Scent:
>i It is difiolvible in Oy/j* and i§ the
Gum of Ciftus, which eafily grows {oft.
It is us’d outwardly in Perfumes, and Pla¬
tters for Nervous Diftempers, heating and
mollifying them; and inwardly is us’d
for Coughs, and Cephalick Di tempers;
which are the general EfFcds of all Sweet-
fcented Gum-Refins. /
» — »
^ I v r t .

Gum. Ani- ^ Gum-Animi is of a grateful Turpentine-

mi. ; Smell, and difiolvible in the Spirit of Wine.
It is accounted Nervine.
* •
Benzoin. Benzoin is of a grateful Smell, refem-
bling Xylo-Aloes. This Refin dillolves in
the Spirit of. Wine, into a Tinilure • and 7 V i **

I
pait in. ttje p?otjuft0 of Vegetable#. %% i
•___— --—-----'•-—: r
the Flowers of it are good opening Te¬
elorals.
» 1 *

Gum-Caranna is
Refinous, and fmells like Caranna.'
Tacamahacca: It is us’d in hot Plaltcrs,
to warm the Nerves. /
* • V . I •

tacamahacca is an Odoriferous Gum- Tacama- (

Refin: Outwardly it is us’d in cold Di- hacca.
{tempers of the Nerves; and is very
{ticking. ■
f i f * r% t ... \ * ' * ! *. j >

Balm of Tolu is Gummy in Tafte, and BaKamum

a little Hot and Bitterilh. It has an Aro- de Tolu,
matick .Scent, like Lemons. It is diildlv’d
i ' J i • :

in Barley-Water for Syrup, and in Spirit

of Wine for Tinclure ; and may be given
in Pills or Powder, for {topping Coughs.
It is a little Cleanfing, and very grateful
to the Stomach, more than any other Tur¬
pentine. ■ ,. s
^ ' * * J

Styrax-Calamita is a Gum-Refin of a Styrax Ca-

fweet Scent, tailing Gummy. lamita.
V

Burgundy-?itch is Clammy and Gum- P‘x Bur-

my, and of a fweet Turpentine-Scent. It §undica.
is diflolvible in Oyl.
' " ’"" 'i . : i~ "• >
. 4 ft • ,

Gum-Elemi is of a fweet Turpentine- GumElemi

Scent r
 i8i €l)C Calfeg ant) (fttttUW of Part in.
Scent, Gummy, and Refinous. It didolves
in Ov/, and is us’d in Wounds of the Head.
It is the Refin of Cedar • which has the
mod Acrid turpentine.

Gum. Gum-Guajacum fades Brittle, Gummy, and

Guaici. a little Hot; and fmells Sweet and Refi-
nous. It is difiolvM in Spirit of Wine ; and
is Diaphoretick by the Gumminefs.

Refina. Refins of Scammony and Jalap are Arti-

Scammoni i facial Refins, containing an Acrid Salt,
& Jalapii. which the Acid of the Plants has coagu¬
lated with the Oyl. ThefzRcfins work mod,
when didolv’d by anOyl; and then gripe
lead. They fmell Sub-acid, as Spurge
pounded does. - • v*
The Tithymaline-M.l[k is no way dif¬
ferent from a Refin, but by being dilTolv’d
with Water. Hence Scammony and Me-
choacamta yield a Milk, when frefh.
\

Refina 'ig • ; Refins ofSaffaphrar and Cinnamon: Sucii

•ni SafiT warming Refins may be extracted out of
phras, Sc Aromaticks. The fweet Aromaticks are
Cinnamo mod of them Umbelliferous; in whofe
mi.
i Roots Dr. Grew obferv’d Balfam Vedels.
Thefe forts of Refins do not purge, ha¬
#
i
ving neither a violent Acrid, nor a Fetid-
nefs, but an agreeable Texture of both;
. " whereby
 /

MO

Partin, flje'l&obttagi of fliegetables.

^" ' _ t - __ , - - - ___
2,83 • l^lfct
■ "' -- - - L - %

whereby they pleafe, and do not irritate

our Spirits, and Fibrous Membranes.
Tliefe Vegetable altering Refins, a&i
on the Red Part of the Blood, by their
Suitablenefs of Texture and Principles;
fupplying their Quantity, raifing their Di~
4
geftion, and quickning their Motion.
Thefe Refins are the immediate Mat¬
ter of hotter Effluviums in Vegetables; and
produce Smells.

■ IT- »

CH A P. VI.
avis.
Alfams have a more Liquid Con¬
fidence, becaufe of a greater Plen¬
ty of Oyl; which is therefore lels . r
fixt by the Acid: And alfo a more di¬
J•
luted Gumminefs is obfervable in them,
with an Acrimony.

turpentine taftes Bitter, Hot, and Gum- Terebir

wy; and is of a grateful ftrong Smell, thina.
by the Bitter-Acrid, being Diuretick. It
cleanfes the Kidneys; and by the Gum-
mofenefis, Hops Rheums; and by both, is
Laxative,
 2,84 Cl)t Cato ant) cicrtws of ~p5tTii. j

»
#■. t /• * ,. ^ j '... -«

_ 0f Gilead has a Turpentine-Til,afle,

Bitter, Hot, and Gummy, with an Aroma-
tick Flavor; by which it is more Grate¬
ful to the Stomachy and is good in, the
Stone, Gout, Scurvy, and all Z/leers.
It helps the Diflblution of the purging Re-
fins in Tills; and is counterfeited by mix¬
ing turpentine, and Oyl of Juniper.

quor: ft is of an excellent fweetSmcil,given

for Coughs, and outwardly us’d for Falfees.
Storax Li-
Lupuid-Storax is like Liquid-Amber

of a Bitter, Hot, Acrid, and Gummy Talte •

by which it Cleanfes and Heals," and by
the Gumminefs Agglutinates. It is an ex¬
cellent outward Vitinerary • and inwardly
is a Reft oral, given in Pills with Powder
of Lipuorijh, and Sugar-Candy.

Petroleum Petrolatum is a Fetid Bitumen, and of a

\
 \

ftrong Turpentine-SmeW. It yields an Oyl

and Colophony in Diftillation, and is ufed
outwardly for Paljies. It is of the Na¬
ture of Succimm; which feems to be a
thickned Petroleum.

Amler-Grife is a greafy Bitumen, and Ambra

of an excellent Scent; whereby it is Cor- grifea.
dial, and agreeable to the Spirits. It is
found in the Sea. A Tinfture is made of
it with Spirit of Citrons. Dof. Or. XV. ad
XX. in a'dry Form. It is powder’d with
Sugar in a double Quantity; and fome
Drops of Oyl of Cinnamon are added, for
an high Cordial.

Oyl-Olive, or Pallet-Oyl, is fmooth, in- Dleum O'-

lipid, and roapy: It is moderately hot,
and mollifying by the Mucilage. It con¬
tains an Acid, offenfive to the Eyes. It
is Petloral, and relaxing the Paflages, and
defending them again!! iliarp Humors and
Poyfon. Oyl procures Vomiting. Much
of it is oilenuve to the Stomach. But the
Oyl of unripe Olives is Aftringent.
Pickled Olives are Bitterilh, and the
diflill’d Oyl is Fetid, Penetrating, and Dif-
cufting. The Olive-Tree is Bitterilh and
IF
 €fre Cafe atiD (Uertueg of Part hi.

Outwardly Oyl fmooths the Skin, and

flops the Pores; and thereby hinders
Tranfpiration, as it flops the Pores of a /
Filter.
By its Mucilage it mollifies, and is A-
nodyne. i
'The Oyl and Acid in it make it Inflam¬
mable ; as Turpentines and Refins be, on
the fame Account. *
°yl has a Sliminefs in it, and Turpen¬
tines have a Gum: It is oflenfive to In-
folds, by flopping their Lungs; but it will
not kill Earth-Worms.
' ■

I will here give the feveral Taftes of

Oyl in Fegetaides, which I have obferv’d ’
viz. 1 < ■ *m / • i ; ^ \ ^ , j

i. A Slimy Oyl, which is exprefs’d from

Linjeed, and other Mucilaginous Seeds. •
x. A Sweet Slimy Oyl, fuch as is ob-
fervable in Oyl of Almonds, Walnuts, and
other Nuts; and is the Product of an high¬
er Digeftion.
3. A Bitter Oyl, as in Liquid Turpen¬
tines ; or exprefs’d Oyl of Pifiache-Nuts,
and Seeds of St. Johns-wort • and the Oyls
of fome Kernels, as Bitter-Almonds, and
Peach-Kernels: Thefe differ from the for¬
mer, by having the Texture of the Oyl
and Acid alter’d; by which Alteration
- . Sweet
 f

Part in. the l^?ot)uS0 of Vegetables

- —**M**^^ <n<
- •

Sweet becomes Bitter through an higher

Digcftion.
4. Aromatick-Acrid Oyis, fuch as arc
exprefs’d out of Nutmeg., Macey and Ami-
feed: In thefe a Volatile Pungency joyns
vvitli the Oyl, and renders it Aromatick.
5r. A Fetid Oyl is expreffible from Fe¬
tid Seeds; and is evident in Leguminous
Plants.
6. A Coagulated Oyl in Reims; or elfe
*1 mixt with a Gumminefs, in Gum-Refns.
.

ill I

None can rationally fuppofe Vegetaetahles.

to have fo many forts of Oyls eflenti
effentially
different ; but only diftinguiflied by the
feveral Mixtures of the Principles, by Di~
geftion differing in one Plant from ano¬
ther. : •1 , ‘ ' » ■

Vegetables receive not only their Acid%

but alfo Oyl from Minerals.

• t

CHAP,0
I

f u

I-
 %

Chap. VII.
t

F Rom Water and Barth mixt, and

an outward Heat digefting them;
no Fermentation can be produced,
but the Water is evaporated, and the
Earth powder’d: Therefore we muft exa-
*mine the other Two Principles of Vege¬
tables; and from them we may deduce
all the Phenomena of Vegetation, Fermen¬
tation, and alfo the particular Verities pro¬
duced by them.
It is a known Experiment, That Oyl
■ ef Turpentine and Vitriol will effervefce,
and continue the Heat produced by that
Ebullition for a long time.
Spirit of Nitre, and Spirit of Wine al¬
fo produce a great Heat.
. From thefe Experiments, a Contrarie¬
ty betwixt Oyl and Acid is very manifeft;
and this is not lo foon over, as the Ebul¬
lition betwixt Alkalies and Acids.
. I lhall endeavour to explain all the Ef¬
fects'above-mention d from thefe Two,
Oyl and Acid, and their Effervelcence •
- ' and
 Part hi. t\)i iWJUfts of (Hegefatte. iffi>
and I do wholly rejed the Effervelcence
of Alkalies and Acids, becaufe That foon
ceafes by an Union of both into a Salt;
which is not found to happen upon Fer-
I mentation: And we could never jet find,
that a Spirit or Salt could be ieparated
by any gentle Diftillation, from New
* lfiney/ or New Ale,/ unfermented.
|j
y % *

J A great Acid put to Fermenting Li-

^ quors, hinders the Fermentation of them:
^ Arid alfo a Fixt Salt is found to hinder
^ their Fermentation.
| From thefe Reafotis rrientiond, I arrp
t convinced, that Alkali Volatiles are no
i ways the Efficient Caufes of Fermentati-
!j[ On; but only the Produds of it, by a
Compofition of Oyl, Acid, and Earth,
f The Seeds of Plants are very full of
if an 0y/, which differs only from the Ojl
i in turpentine, by a different Digeftion :
For turpentine has a Mucilage, or Gum-
l minefs in it,* which chiefly appears in
Mucilaginous Plants.
t Thole Trees which yield a Watry Gum
t; have a bitterilh Bark; which therefore
d refemble turpentines by both Taftes.
The Seeds of Alder have the Figure
j| °f tine-Apples, and the Leaves a Gummi-
i *efs; horn whence I thought it had a
fort of turpentine.
| ' M The
290
** "TI,r'
Ctje Cato an'o dectties of Part nt
■ ~ ■ ■ 11 — , -- . -— - —■ ■— "-

The bitter Milks of Vegetables are on¬

ly like diffolv’d Turpentine * and they dry
into a Gum or Rejin. '
The Laurel-Bitters, fuch as Almonds
and Peaches, have a Bitternefs, and alfo
a Gumminefs, like Turpentine: And thofe
Trees have a laffing Greennefs, like 7#r-
pentine-Prees, as Tirr and Pi^e.
The number of plain Turpentine-Ptezs
and Plants are very great.
That Plants of a fweet Taffe have their
Oyl from Turpentine, is not improbable j
becaufe we find a great Sweetnefs in the
TaRe of Ripe Ivy-Berries and Juniper-
Berries, which are manifeftly Turpentine-
Trees: Arid the Roots of Fennil have a
Balfam, and tafie Sweet.
, That all Aromatick Oyls and Refins in
Aromaticks are pure Turpentines, I fup-
pofe is evident enough, by comparing
them together, and- for the Reafons I
have mention’d in the Firfi Part. And
for the fame Reafon, all Fetids are like-
wife Turpentines; which are Fetid as well
as Aromatick.
I cannot but believe, that all Effluvi¬
ums in Vegetables, which produce a
• Smell, have their Volatility, by which
they are carried from the Vegetable, and
- act on the Senfe of Smelling., from fome
t. 0 1 J 7 Oylinels.
P^t in. the i^oDuft0 of Slcgetablejs.
n ■ 11 1 r '“" ■■ ii—m ii mrr-r*^*~"—— ,^,rM^‘^^ i ■ 1

Oylinefs. Hence Earths are fmelt by a

Sulphur in them. Acids have alfo an Oyl
mixt with them, as in Tartar and Vine¬
gar. Sweet Tafies fmell Mellowy, from
an Oyl and Acid digefled with Water and
Earth. And Terebinthinate-Smells are from
.Turpentine Particles evaporating: And all
Aromaticks and Fetids, from Refins. For
the clearer Proof of which, I fhall men¬
tion what Dr. Lifter writes: Illuftre ex-
emplum de ligno Cedrino Bermudenfi olim
dedimus, fcilicet id apud me mult os annos
nec jam definere refinam fuam tota fulftan-
tiii vaporare. And I cannot believe, that
Salts could give any Smell, but from their
Oyly Part, which is one of their Ingre¬
dients : Therefore Vegetables affed: the
Senfe of Smelling, by Oyl joyrfd with
Earth or Acid, and with Acid and Earth
in Salt, or Refins: All which act on the
Organ in the Form of Effluviums. And
this Senfe is therefore Quaedam taEus fpe*
cies, as well as Tafle.
And from this Likenefs of Imprejfion
and alfo the Likenefs of the Objetf we
often find Tafies and Smells very much
alike; the Plant tailing as it fmells.
I did omit this about the Nature of
Smells in the Firft Part; and therefore
have here added it, as not very imperti-
5 U 1 nent^
 r • "O

i
2-91 Cafies atiD (Lltrtuc# of Part in.

nent; becaufe Smells are the EfFedrs of

'
Fermentation, and are moft obfervable,
and alio Reducible from Turpentines. And
I alfo forgot There to obferve, That ma¬
ny Smells are compounded; as Bitter and
Sweet Taftes are frequently in the fame
i Plant joy n d, becaufe Sweet eafily become
Bitter. So Fetids arid Aromaticks are
frequently joyn’d in Smells ; as Galeopfis,
Valerian, Pulegium, and Nepetat 'have
P
both Fetid and Aromatick Smells: From j
whence I argue, That they differ but in
Degree, as Sweet and Bitter do.
I have taken notice in the Firft Part,
That the Acid of Vegetables taftes like A-
cids of Sulphur • and from thence it will
appear, that it arifes, in the Difcourfe
which I ihall annex about Minerals. I
fhail here only obferve, That Tartar is
Inflammable, like Brim/lone; and when it
I is diftiii’d, it is very Fetid, and an Oyl is
feparated from it: Such is the Composi¬
tion of Sulphur and Acid. An Oyly Part
is clofely lock’t up in it; as in common
Tartar. Upon the Mixture of Oyl of Sul¬
phur per Campanam, with Oyl of Turpen¬
tine, a Rednefs was immediately precipi¬
•V’
tated ; as it happen’d in the Mixture of
\
the fame, with Oyl of Vitriol. Spirit of
" Salt only turn’d Yellow: Sweet Spirit
* A of
 Part in. ttje pjomuw or Oegetaoiw.
♦

ef tfitre did not change. From thefe In-

ftances it appears, That an Oyknefs is
lodg’d in Sulphur and Tartar: So that
the Ingredients which compound the A-
cid of Sulphur and Tartar, which is the
Jcid of Plants, are very much alike; as
well as the Tafte of both the Pungency
of the Acid in Vinegar depends on the
Oyl of Wine, and the Pungency in Spirit
of Sulphur on the Sulphur latent in the A.-
cid. The Roughnefs in Acerb Plants de¬
pends on Earthy Parts, mixt with the A-
cid; and the Roughnefs in the Acid of
. Sulphur, from fome Mineral Earth joyn’d
with the Acid.
>• I find it confidently affirm’d, That one
Acid will correct another,* which I be¬
lieve a Miftake: For Spirit ofVitriol and
Nitre make a ftronger Menftruum, than
either of them alone ,* and fo does Spirit
of Salt and Nitre mixt, which make an
Aqua Regia: So far are thefe from cor¬
recting one another. But the ground of
this Opinion, I fuppofe, is from the Et-
fervefcence, caus’d by mixing of Acid
Spirits, which happens by reafon of fome
Earth or Mineral, joyn’d to every diffe¬
rent fort of Acid Spirit • from whence
the difference of Acid Spirits is deduct?
ble. Hence fome Acid Spirits mixt, dif-
U 3 < po fiefs
*
mm

Z94 cfye Cafteg anfr Oertueg of Part m:

. poflefs one the other from the Earths or
Minerals joyned with their Acid; and
from thence comes the Conflict and EfFer-
vefcence. For the fame reafon, Spirit of
Vitriol is mixed with Calcined Salt, to
feize on the Earthy part of Salt, and to
make the Acid of Salt loofe from it, and
fitter for Diftillation.
I think I have here faid enough to
prove, that the Oyl of Vegetables is like
Oyl of Turpentine; and the Acid of Vege¬
tables like Sulphur, which differs nothing
from Vitriol • but by being Impregnated
with a.Mineral, it becomes a vitriolate^c/*/.
So that from the Experiments about the
contrariety of Oyl and Acid, above-men¬
tioned, I may conclude, that there may
happen the fame kind of Effervefcence in
Vegetables, which we call Fermentation.
When a Seed is placed in the Earth, the
Oylinefs of it is agitated or moved by the
Acid Watry Juyce; foaking into it thro’
its Coats,by the Effervefcence of both,Ve¬
getation is begun; and the Coats burft,
and the Veflels of the Plant inlarged, for
receiving -new Nourifhment. This con-
fifts of an Oyiinefs from the Bitumen and
Sulphur • and alfo an Acid from the fame;
and alio a Water and Earth mixt and
digested together in the Pores of thtEarth;
■ Alii

v
Part in. ttje pzoaucts of aiegetahlcg..
AU which concur to produce a Nutriment
for Plants This is not promucuoufl)
admitted thro’ the Glandules Pare,,-
chyma of the Root of the Plant: hut it is
probable, that each Parenchyma has elute-
rentlv figured Pores, for the admittance -
of Oyly parts chiefly, or Watry parts,'. or,
Earthy parts, or Acid chiefly; which may;
be very probable, becaufe Oyly parts are
thought Ramofe, Acid Angular, at/y
Round, and Earthy_ very Irregular. We
may very eafily believe, that the Seeds o .
Plants, and their Roots,'have Pores luitedj
for the admittance of one, tvvo, or more
of thefe: And thefe are prefled into the
Seed by the force of the Airs Springy
when a Plant begins to fwell by the rare¬
fying of its own Juyces, thro the Eder-.
vefcence of its own Oyl and ActA • which
is much promoted by the External Heat
of the Sun, or an hot Bed, and the admit¬
tance of an Acid from the Eat th.
This Fermentation is very flow, and,
never highly raifed in Earthy, Acid,.ana.
Mucilaginous Plants; and therefore in iuco,
the Oy/, Acid\ Earthy and Watei, aie nev^r
muchSeparated; but in fweet la es t le
Fermentation feparates a little, and loo±ens
the Oyl and Acid, from the Watry and-
Earthy Particles. In Bitters the lame are
U 4 more
 -■ I

c^e Calks ant) Olertucs of Part m.

* ->

more feparated • in Aromatkks the Oyl is

mok rarefied • in Acrids the Oyl and Acid
compound a Salt, with an Earthy part:
From thefe Inkances we find, that by Di-
geftiofi the Principles of Plants are fepa¬
rated, and now Compounded into Salts,
Refins, Gums, and Turpentines. This Di-
gekion differs not from, the Effervefcence
betwixt Oyl and Acid • which differs ac¬
cording to the feveral Oyls which are
contained in the Seeds of Plants. One
Oyl ferments with Acid more than ano¬
ther j and each Oyl in the Seed produces
that which is mofl fuitable to the nature
of the Plant to be produced.
From the Rarefaction of thisjuyceof
Plants, by the Effervefcence of Oyl and
Acid, the rife of the Sap, and the fhootings
of Plants, may be deduced. And the
wonderful force mentioned by Mr. Boyle,
in lifting up a great Weight by Ferment¬
ing Beans; and from hence Wines burfl
their Veflels: So that the force of Fer¬
mentation equals that of Explofion.
If we confider the many Compound
Takes of Plants, we cannot believe, that
they can rife from the fame kind of Fer¬
mentation : Some Plants taiktRough,and ve¬
ry Acrid, as Chelidonium minus. Others Sli¬
my, and Acrid,and Bitter,as Leucoium. And
there
Part hi. tl)C of cTiegetabies. 297
there is a different Tafle in many parts
of Plants, which proceeds from the diffe¬
rent Digeftion of the Juyce, in different
parts. 00 in Cherries, the Tafle of the
Bark is Bitter Aflringent: The Leaf differs
from it by a Sliminefs: In the Fruit there
is a Slimy, Sweet, Sub-acid Tafle, with¬
out any Bitterness or Aftringency. The
fame difference is obfervable in the O-
dors of Plants. The Leaves of Elder are
Fetid; but the Flowers Fragrant; which
is a fign of a different Digeflion. There
are the fame Varieties of Tafles and Odors
in Animals; tho’ Choler be feparated by
the fame fort of Glandules, yet it has a
Bitter, Sweet Sliminefs. The Serum of .
the Blood has ferofe parts, and Watrinefs,
and a Saltnefs: The Semen has a thin, and
alfo a vifcid part: The Liquor Nervofus
has an Oyly Salt, diflolved in a Lympha.
The diverffty of Tafles in Choler does
not depend on different Strainers, but dif¬
ferent Digeflions of Chyle • and the new
fupply of it; which flows continually in¬
to the Veins: From hence it will fall out,
that one part is perfe&ly Dlgefled, and
another lefs; and therefore fome part of
the Choler tafles Sweet, and another part
Bitter; and a crude Lympha is the Vehi¬
cle of both, to help their feparatfon: thefe
a98 ctje Calieg ant) dectue* of Part m.
BMb^jiijiij.1 ' ... "■l'»l,w ~ .. "" ’ .. ' — » ’
r I

being mixt together, give the Variety

of Tallies, obfervable in Choler. The
fame thing happens in Plants; which, du¬
ring their growth, receive frefh Nourifh-
ment, which is differently Digefted ,• and
therefore gives thofe Varieties of Taffies,
obfervable in the fame Veflels, and the
feme Liquor, as in Milks, Turpentines, and
Fetid Gums.
But I cannot well underffand, how fuch
Particular Liquors as Milk, Gums, Tur¬
pentines, and Lymphas, can be produced
and kept in particular Veflels, which are
really different from the crude Juyce of
the feme Plants, without allowing fuch
parts in Plants, as Glandules in Animals,
which • feparate the Milk, Semen, Spirits,
Choler, and Lympha from the Blood. I
therefore cannot think it improbable,
that the Parenchyma of Plants is wholly
Glandulous, and the Woody Fibres are
Veflels; fome of which are Latteals,
Lymphaticks, Mucidutts, Gums, or Balfam-
Vejfels. An Animal Body is compofed
of Veffels and Glands. The VeJfels are
branched into the different parts of both
alike, and receive a prepared Juyce from
the Glandulous Parenchyma : and the
fame may be the preparation and diflri-
budon of the Juyces in Vegetables, be-
• - < caufe
 I

part hi. tlje ^otJttS# of aesetables; *99

• 1'- _ - . - 1 ■' — —— 1 1 mtm --------- - r —-91*.

caufe the fame Tallies and Odors are ob-

fervable in both Kingdoms. And V?ge-
tables digefted by an Animal, undergo
the lame Separation and Preparation, as
is manifeft in Animals.
When one Tree is grafted-on anothers
Stock, the Fruit is the fame as the Branch
Ingrafted. The Juyce in the Glandules
of it, giving fuch a particular Fermenta¬
tion to the Juyce of the Stock, as to alter
it into the nature of the Graft: and if the
Seed be a perfect Plant, there may lodge
fuch an Original Juyce in each part of
the Plant, as may change the nature of
the fame Juyce in the feveral parts. So
in Chelidonium minus, the Acrimony; is
very manifeft in the Stalk, but neither in
the Leaves or Root: but I rather believe^
that if the Juyce of a Plant is the fame in
the whole Plant, different alterations of
the fame Juyce may happen by a higher
degree of Fermentation. So the Roots of
Wormwood are Sweet-Aromatick ; The
Leaves very Bitter-Aromatick. The Bark
of Ajh is Bitter-Rough: The Flowers have
alio an Acrid. Thefe Alterations happen
by a higher degree of Fermentation in
r * -v
■ ■ ' ■
the fame Juyce. So Fermented-Liquors *

acquire a Ripened by- long keeping, and

by the difference of Veftels, in which
they
 500
—— -
Che Cades anD dlertues
.
of „ ..—
Part in.
.!

they are kept. Upon this account, the

Juyce in Roots is kept more cool: But
in the Leaves, the Stalks more expofed to
the Agitation of the Air, and Heat of the
Sun ; whence will arife a difference of
Taftes and Digeftion. It is mod probable,
that the difference of the Digeftion hap¬
pens not only by Original different Juyces
in Vlantula Seminali, but alfo by the dif¬
ference of Veflels; which feems very e-
vident in Seeds and Fruits ,* where, with¬
out an addition of a Ferment, the fame
Fruit becomes Sweet, Sub-acid, and Slimy,
which at firft was Acid, and very Rough!
And Nuts become Sweet and Oyly, which
were at firfl Auflere.
The Root of Vines tafles Bitterifh and
Rough ; The Leaves, Acerb • The Ripe-
Grape, Sweet, Sub-acid, and Slimy- The
Seed, Auflere as the RcJot. So that the!
different! aftes fhew theAlterations which
happen in the Juyce of the Vine: From
Auflere. it comes to an Acerbity in the
Leaves ; p and from thence to a Sweet
Sub-acid in Grapes; but the Stone or Seed
returns to the Aufterity of the Root.
r '\ r. V• ti
• .. i •> ■

Vinum,' Wine is made out of the Sweet Sub-

Acid Juyce of the Grape : And the fame
is the nature of all the Juyces of Berries
V
of
Part ill, tfre l^otmftg of aegetabUgT
of the fame Tafte. The Acid is evident
to the Senfe ; and an Oyl produces
the Sweetnefs. This is the Tafte of New-
Brinks Metheglin, and Sugar diftolved in
Water; and moft other Liquors ufually
Fermented; and this Sweetnefs is a cer¬
tain fign of an Oyl and Add; for thefe
may be diftilled out of Honey, Sugar, New-
Wine, and Beer, by a ftrong Fire. And
there is no other eminent Principles in
Sweet Taftes but thefe. Therefore from
them, the Fermentation of thefe Liquors
mu ft be deduced. ,
The Acid of Fermenting Liquors can¬
not produce the heat of the Liquor, by
abting on the Earthy parts, becaufe they
are already mixt with the Acid, and kept
fluid by it j otherwife the Earth would
wholly precipitate. But this Heat pro¬
ceeds from the Eftervefcence made be¬
twixt the Oyl and Acid, which will caule
a confiderable Heat; as is manifeft by the
Artificial mixture mentioned.
All Fluids have an Internal Agitation of
parts, which produces their Fluidity ;
which being fuppofed, and alfo a con¬
trariety of particular Figures betwixt Oyl
and Acids, the firft being Ramofe, and the
laft Angular: It may eafily be conceived,
that a difference of Motion will be natural
to

\ %

\
#
 *

3©2, Che Cato ant) Oertues of Part ill.

■ ■ ■ ' - ■ ——------

to thefe two Principles; which two Mo¬

tions meeting, give a diflurbance to their
natural Tendencies ,* and from thence
proceeds the Effervefcence, which is al¬
ways promoted by fome external Heat,
as of the Sun • or elle the Liquors are boyl-
ed before Fermentation * as in Metheglin.,
Beer, and fome Wines.
The effect of a great deal of Acid up¬
on Oyl, is to coagulate it; but a fmaller
quantity Fermented with it, expands, o-
pens and rarefies the Oyl. This is evident¬
ly done in the Butter of Antimony, where
the Acids ofSublimate open the clofe Tex¬
ture of the Sulphur, and gives it the form
of Butter. The fame is the effedt of Fer¬
mentation j the Acid adbs on the Oyl by
degrees, and mixes with it ,• and becaufe
their mixture happens in a Fluid, the Wa¬
ter is alfo intermixt with them, and there¬
by the Oyl is diflolved in the Liquor, and
produces a Winy Spirit ,* which diluted in
much Water, is called >a Wine; and if it
be diftilled from it, a Brandy Spirit, which
is Inflammable like Oyl: If the greatefl:
quantity of Oyl be evaporated out of Wine,
a Vinegar is produced by the remaining
and prevailing Acid, which has its Pun¬
gency from fome Oyly parts, which are
ftill mixt with the Tartar of Vinegar; and
v •„ which

A' ' ■ ;
'Part in.- the of Oege tables 303
which will yield a burningSpirit,if Vinegar
be diftilled from Saccharutn Saturni. The
Agitation which happens from the Effer-
vefcence of thefe two Principles in Fer¬
mentation, lhakes all the parts of the Li¬
quor Fermenting; whereby the moil Fe¬
culent parts in Wine, and the greater Fari¬
naceous parts in Beer fubfide; but the
more light, rife to the top of the Liquor
in an Enervefcence. Thefe Heterogeneous
parts being feparated, the remaining Li¬
quor is clear, and confifls of a Winy Juyee,
in which the Ojl is mod prevalent; and
has alfo an Acid mixed with it. And in
Beer the Farinaceous parts are much ra¬
refied, having their Oyl very much loofen-
ed and iharpened by the Acid; and from
hence proceeds the quicknefs and brisk-
nefs of Liquors.
Dr. Willis in his Tharmaceutice menti¬
ons a way of diftilling an Oyl from Spirit -
of Wine, by means of a ftrong Spirit of
Vitriol: Therefore Acids help the Sepa¬
ration of Oyls, from the mixture in Plants.
For this end, we put Tartar or Salt into
the Vejica with Seeds, which are to be
diftilled; for the feparation of the Oyl is
thereby promoted.
The Oyl of Wines is fufficiently proved
by Dl Willis $ Experiment, and the Add
 -3°4
4-mr»«» ■ ■
dlet:tue0 Part Ilf.

by Tartar: but its not improbable, that

fome Salt is alfo produced by this mix¬
ture of Oyl and Acid, with a little Earth;
Which is moll clearly proved by the Salts,
which are defcribed by Mr. Lewenhock in
many forts of Wine • which, as I remem¬
ber, differ not much from the Salts of
Vinegar.
The Oyl, Acid, arid the Volatile Salt
united in Spirit of Wine, are much of the
nature of a diffolved Refin, having the
fame Principles; and therefore eafily Ex¬
tract Refins, and Oyls of Vegetables, and
turn Milky, if put to a Watry Vehicle.
By the means of an Acid in the Spirit
of Wine, Spirit of Sal Ammoniack coagu¬
lates with Spirit of Wine, into an OfFa
Alba. t y .
A Slimy Oy/ fuch as is in the Yelk of
an Egg, makes diftilled Oyls to diffolve
eafily in Watry Liquors ,• and therefore
there is found a Mucilage or Gumminels
attending moft Vegetable Oyls, whereby
the Oyls are ifiixed with their Juyces.
Sugar is an Ovly Add, like Tartar ;
with this a diftilled Oyl eafily mixes, and
is by this means diffolved in Water.
The Spirit of Vtgetable Liquors Fer¬
mented and Diftilled, is nothing but an
Oyl rarefied, and loofened front the mix-
 Partin, the pzoftugg of (gegetableg."" 3o5-

ture of the Juyce, by means of the Acid;

and by their mixture, alfo fome Volatile
Salt is produced; therefore thefe Spirits
are Inflammable, like Rejins; and they are
no Simple Principles, but compounded of
others. This Spirit is produced by Fer¬
mentation ; and therefore can be no Caufe
of it, as is ordinarily fuppofed. Spirit of
Wine is, by reafbn of its Refinous Com-
pofition, agreeable to the Red part of the
filood, and is a familiar Speciflck to fupply
its Defedt, and excite its brisk motion;
whereby it is Cordial, Refrelhing, and lup-
It plying new1 Spirits by its Similitude of
Texture. ‘ The long ufe of it brings ar
Pbthijis, by too much rarefying the Blood
into Salts, or a Dropfie, thickning the
Serum of the Blood; whereby the Vtfcera.
are obftrudted, and Sanguification deftroy-
ed, by the unaptnels for mixture with the
new Chyle. -
. Spirit of Wine taftes Sweet, very Hot,
and Pungent; the Sweetnefs is from the
Oyl, and the hot Pungency from a Vola*
p Sait. .-v; •
t f; . '' fi r ■ v

Leaven, lmells ftrong of Dough, and Fermen -

taftes Salt and Sotvrijh ,* by the addition of turn pani-
common Salt to Dough, the Oyly parts hcum,
pf the Meal are loofened from the mix-
X ture,3>
)
306 ctje Cades anD Otrtues of Part m.
ture; for the Acid of Salt is Pungent,
whereby it breaks the Texture of the Fa¬
rinaceous parts, and fets the Oyl more
free, by combining with the Earthy Par¬
ticles ; with which, all Acids readily mix.
When the Oyl is loofened from its mix¬
ture with Earthy Particles, by the Acid of
the Ferment,it is eafily agitated by the Air;
andtby the Contrariety of parts, the Oyl
and Acid ad on one another, and caufe a
Heat, and make the whole mixture fwell;
as it happens in Electuaries, in which Con¬
traries ferment. - ‘ £
* Leaven is kept a good while; whereby
it is made more Sowre, and thereby fitter
to begin a Fermentation in other Dough.
The Oyl of the Leaven being more loolen-
ed by Fermentation, is moderately Hot,
and alfo Salt and Sowre, which temper
the Heat. And Leaven is ufed outwardlv
* •/ \ f

in drawing Plajlers. . -
Wheat and Barley, confidered in their
perted State as Vegetalles, tafle Sweet
and Slimy ; when prepared for Bread
or Beer, they are reduced into Meal,
Which flill has the Principles unaltered;
which in both were an Oyly Acid, with
a Slime, which is a more fixt Oyl. When
thefe Plants are fermented, the Mixture of
thefe Principles mud be deftroyed, the
Oyl
 Part in. tlie p?onua0 of fHegetatto.
__ _ _ -
307 a»«»

\ Oyl muft be rarefied, and the Acid freed

fromEartby parts; whereby its Pungency
may give a quicknefs to the Liquor: The
1 Sliminels is attenuated by the Oyl and A-
\ cids commotion; and by that the Oyl and
• Acid are diflolved in the Liquor; or elfe
tj huff the Farinaceous Mafs in the making
'1
of Bread.
*- ■' r > ■ 1 s< \

Barme is the fine part of the Farina Flos Cere*

decocted, which wants room in the Fer- vife- .
menting Liquor ; and therefore by the -
Agitation of parts (during the Fermenta¬
tion) is difplace4,and by its lightnefs is car¬
ried to the top of the Liquor; and it tafles
Slimy, without any manifelt Acidity:
i By the Bubbles it is probable, that fome
Spirituous parts are mixed with it, which ,
confift of an Oyly Acid; and therefore it is
ufed to excite a new Fermentation in other
Liquors. Such frothy Bubbles are ob-
fervable in Bottled Liquors, from a Windy
Spirit flying up to the top of the Liquor,
which is inclofed with Froth.
■'* *
.\v

^ Sugar Ferments all Liquors and Elettu- Saccha-

j aries: It confifts of an Oyl and Acid- which rum*
I being diflolved in Water, ferment toge¬
ther, and obtain a loofer Texture, where-
* by a Windy Spirit is produced. And
It X 1 from '
Clic Catlcs auD Oertues of Part m.
1 g

from this Inflance it appears, that an Oyl

and Acid are fufficient to produce a Fer¬
mentation, which mud be continued by
the fame, by which it was produced; that
is, by the Agitation of an Oyl and Acid;
and the efFed: of Fermentation is a loofer
1'exture of the Oyl and Acid of the Body,
which is Fermented; which Oyl and -
Acid give the Winy Tafte to Liquors
Fermented. „ . „ . ..
The Contrariety of an Oy in
more evidently appear by i le mixture of
Sulphur, which contains an Oyl and Acid;
and for that reafon is the immediate mat-
ter of Fire. The Oyl and Refins of Vege¬
tables^ and Fats of Animalsburn as rea-
dily as Sulphur, and have the fame diltur-
bed Flame : From whence, a Contrariety
of parts, and an Agitation depending on
that Contrariety^ may be inferr’d; which
is yet more manifeft in the detonation
i made betwixt Sulphur and Nitre; and the
explofion by the mixture of both with an
Alkali. i * i

i 1 If Oyl and Acid produce a Flame by a

violent motion given them by Fire, it
feems probable, that the fame having a
gentler Agitation from the parts of a Fer¬
ment, or the external heat of Fire or the
j *1 < • ■ i

Sat, Produce in Vegetable Juycej a brisk

LI . \, L. * '■ '
' '
v
Agi,
 Part in. tbt piofluctg of ffltgttaMtg.

Agitation of parts; which Agitation is

promoted by the Contrariety of parts in
Oyl and Acid • As Acids help the produdti-
on of Flame from Oyls, and make it bum
with feme noyfe; fo in Fermentation, the
Oyl and Acid of Vegetables, as foon as the
Siiminefs natural to Oyls, is diflolved in
Water, are let free, and are the chief a&ive
Principles, which may eaftly be agitated
by a Ferment; whofe parts have been
put into motion by a former rermentati-
1. on ( whole effects, viz. an Oyl and Acid,
it alfo contains.),' • / ; .
The great force of Vegetation, and the
freaking of Bottles and Veflels by Fer¬
mented Liquors, can noway be explained
but by fome Elfervcfcence, which comes
near the nature of Explofion. Such is the
Contrariety of Oyl and Acid, briskly agi¬
tated by an External Heat.
• The tffedts of Sulphur and Oyl are con¬
trary to Acids, and correct them; and A-
cids fix Sulphurs, and coagulate Volatile
Oyls • and therefore they act one on the
other, and are contrary.
I do not affirm,-That all Oyls and Acids
mixt, will prefently ferment- but there
muft be an actual Heat given them by
External Fire, or Internal Fiery Particles
lodged in Oyl of Vitriol,, or by a Ferment
X 3 in
f

v
t*
-■ f
—U ■
•
- qm | ||g

310 Cl)e Cafe ant) (fettw of Part m

. ■" •

in Artificial Fermentations, or. the Sun in

Vegetation of Plants • which grow not till
an External Heat excites the Motion of
tiie Ojl and Acid, natural to all Plants :
and in the mixtures I have mentioned, the
Heat is not immediately perceived, but
after fome time ,* fo in Fermentation im¬
mediately produced by a Ferment, but in >
fome fpace of time. -

r**N

'
U(
v ' 1 '
\ - . j : i

t
c HAP.
*

- »

r
the Preparation of Ve~,
getahles.
* f

luce the Vertues of Vegetables may

be known by their Taftes and O-
dors, I may"alio affirm, That the
trueft way of judging what Preparations
f
r
are the fitted; for each Vegetable, is, ,by
the Taflc and Smell; and that is the bell
Preparation , in which the Tafte and
Smell is preserved.
Nature it felf has Prepared our Medi¬
u
I cines by Mixtures, Strainings, and Di-
r
gellions; and given to each Plant a parti¬
cular

I
Part IH. ^epanu^

only defigned for our Nourdhmen^ but

lib-wife-for our Phyfck; and thofe th
were for Food,; are found out bytne.r
pleafant Sweet Tafte, and
but thofe for Medicine, by the Offtnhv
' or Naufeous Tafte and Smell.
: If We ftiould torture our Nounlliment
bythefame degrees of Fire,^as Medicines
are Prepared, we foould deftroy that n«n
tural Sweetnefs of our Food; which is a
fitter Tafte for Aliments, than tnoie ot
Spirits; OyA, Salts, Tmliures, <SvC. So it
happens m Medicines, when we diftai
Oyll Ferment the Juyces into Splits, and
make Tinjures, we make new Mixtures,
and deftroy‘ the natural Taftes and>\er-
tues of Vegetables. . ' . j
This appears evidently in Gentian and
Myrrhe, which are ftrong , and
correa Acids. - If they be diftdled in Re-
torts, they yield a great deal of Acid, and
a. Naufeous Ojl; neither of which can
have the eflfecSts of ,. nor ,
ie»
Tafte; which is Bitter, Slimy, and Sub
acrid,
 ctie Cafteg ant)dertuesof Partin.
I may indance in Purgers, as Rhubarb,
which will yield a fixt Salt by Calcina¬
tion, but that will not purge • and the
greatell: of Vegetable Medicines, Cortex
Peruvianm will not have lb good and cer¬
tain effeSt in Extradf and Infufion, as in
Powder ,• but its Vertue is perfectly dc~
ilroyed by Chymiflry, which diholves its
Texture, and alters its Tafle.
Acid of Tartar, or V°getables diftill’d,
y ields aFetid Oyl,and becomes of a Smoaky
Tafte, lefs agreeable to the Stomach of art
Animal than the Tartnefs of Fruits, and the
Joyces of Sowre Vegetables. The Vector is
infeparable from it, which is very difagree-
able where Acids are necehary. Spirit of
Tartar has net the nature of an Acid, but
is mixt of Acid and Volatile; and there¬
fore neither the Sowrenefs nor Vertue of
Tartar remains in the Spirit; but a new
i exture of its Principles is produced, and
new Vertues.
If from Aromatick Plants, as Wormwood
or Mint, we diflill an Oyl; that will have
the Bitternefs and Acrimony of the Plant
but will want the Aftringency of it; and
befides theEmpyreuma, which makes it ve¬
ry Burning inwardly, the Oyly Salt is
more Burning and Hot than our Humors
Spirits and Membranes can indure ,* there^
•fll r. r . ■ ' s*
Part in. Reparationsi ofJHegttablw
'—“ y

fore when it is thtls Prepared, we find it

neceflary to remix it with gritty Pow¬
ders, and take them in a cool Vehicle.
Thefe diftilled Oyls are not therefore much
ufed, unlcfs for outward Applications.
I cannot deny that feme Preparations
are neceflary for Medicine , as well as
Food; but thefe muft be fuited to the na¬
ture of each particular, fo that thereby the
natural Tafte be not deftroyed. Thefe
Preparations feem rather neceflary, upon
the account of being put into a more con¬
venient Form or Dofe, than for the Im¬
provement of the. Medicine, ot feparation
of noxious parts from it.
A Refin is extracted or diflolved out of
its Veflels, by a Menftruum; but this al¬
ters not its Nature nor Tafte; it has a
ftronger Irritation if it be a Purger, than
four times the weight of the Plant it is
drawn from. In Refin the Dofe is lefs; but
it feems very doubtful,. Whether the
Vertue of the Refin equals the Root of
Jalap > which taftes Gummy, and not
Brittle, as Refin. This alfo fmells Sowre,
and the Root Acrid, if frelh. It is certain^
that the Extrad of Rhubarb works not fo
much as the Powder; and the Refin will
not work on fome Perfons, whom the
Powder of Jalap purges very well. ,
The
 €lje Cafic0 anD fllerlues of Part m.
, I. i _ _____

The moil natural Preparations, are

DeeoBitmsy Infufions, Juycesy Syrups, Pow¬
ders, Exprejfed Oyls from the Seeds, Emul-
Jmts, md Conferves*
InaM thefe the Tafte is prefer ved,which
depends on certain Principles j and by
preferring the Tafte, we are fiire of that
Texture of Principles, on which theVer-
V/

tue depends: But i f any Preparation fe-

perate the Principlesj it deftroys the Tex¬
ture^ on which both the Tafte and Vertue
>.
Off? i l!Kf I >
f •

Waters, Chymical
Spirits, Oyls, Extracts, and Mucilages,
contain but fome of the Vertues of Plants,
and not the whole Tafte and Smell. Tin-
Bures have” the Ref. ns, Diftilled-Water the
Odoriferous Refns. Spirits have the
Oyly Salt diluted in Water. In Oyls there
is ltioft Oyl, and lefs Salt.- In Extracts a
little Oyl, and a great quantity of Tartar.
and much Earth.
-V #

Digeftion alters the nature of the Plant

a little, but Putrefatftion moft; Fermen-,
tation in a way betwixt both. Calcina¬
tion perfectly deftroys a Vegetable Tafte
and Vertue.
Thefe Preparations are moft genuine,
in which the whole Compofition of Taftes
and Smells is evident.
; r — The

s
 /

p^iiT p;cparationg of c&setableg. 315

The next is to be efteemed good,
which has one Principle or more, or fome
Compound Joyce; as Milks,-. Refinsr Tar¬
tar, Gums, and Turpentines well Extracted.
Thofe are of leaft note, which deftroy
the nature of a Plant; as Putrefaction, Cal¬
cination ; for thefe do not improve or ex-
trad itsVertue,bttt produce new mixtures,
which may be ufeful; but they have not'
the Vertue of the Plant.
V ' *

A Catalogue cf Taftes of Vegetables,

which are heft Preferred in the Pre¬
parations following :
\: - \
>■ 1

Gritty Taftes are belt preferved in

Powder. If any Acid be added, they lofe
their Tafte and Vertue. l AC J •

. H • *
v; - ; i 1 . t
* • • 'O .

Woody Taftes are fitteft for Decodi-

ons, and are deftroyed by Diftillation in !|1
(.4 A v *

a Retort. And alfo for Powders.

> *

Watry Mucilages are well Prepared III

by Decodion, Infufion, Expreflion of the
juyce; and indifferently by cool Diftil-
lation; for Borrage-Water is Slimy. The.
■j'. 2

.a
Acids
 - I - - I - — ■ _ »' ~ v V". »

Cfre Caftcg attD flletf itrg of PaffW

-—-— 1 ■ -

IV. ■# Acids yield a good, and moft Eflen-

tial Salt; or Tartar : They are befl ufed in
Juyce, Syrup, andQpiddany. Diflillation
and Fermentation alters the Tafte, and
makes it Spirituous.
1 t» s '•«> 4
> f.

V. r Stypticks are good in Powder, De-

codtion, and Syrup. Diflillation carries
off no Vertue, if it be in cool Stills,- if
in an open Fire, it changes • them into
Acids. .
• > r~ ■ -)
' * ^ _4 V /

Sweet Taftes appear moft in Pow¬

I t der, Juyces, Syrups, and Decodtion, and
but little in Diflillation.
ju ■ v \ 4*

VII Watry Bitters are' fitteft for Juyce

and Decodtion, and yield an inftpid Wa¬
ter by Diflillation.
■tf

VIII. Strong Bitters are fit for Decodlion,

Extradl, Infufion, and Powder; but yield
little in Diflillation.
I 8 '.
i 9 » \t
V *

IX. . Bittery Acrids and Bitter * Arcmaticks

yield their Volatile Acrid and Smell, only
in the diflilled Water,- but the Bitter by
the ways mentioned-
l*i % » •

The

X-1' •
 Part in. Reparations of Vegetables.'
The Terebinthinates give their Tur¬
pentines in diftillation, and their Bit-
ter-Ajlringency in Powder or Deccxftion;
but a dole Infufion extra&s all.

Acrids, are fitteft for Diftillation

and Infufion, but are loft by Powdering
and Boyling.
All Compound Taftes are to be Prepa¬
*»
red according to the feveral Taftes j but
becaufe thefe will not admit many times
of the fame Preparations, we ought to
take that Preparation in which the feweft
Taftes are altered; or elfe| mix different
proper Preparations of the fame Medi¬
cines, which are contrived according to
their feveral Taftes.
V ' ' -v *
i!. vr
‘
* i

Aromatich are good in Powder, XIL

Infufion, and diftilled Waterj but lofe
much, by Deco<ftioru
I
The Odoriferous Smells of Plants is
beft obtained in Diftilled-Water, Infufi-
ons, and in Oyls.
i
The Narcotick Smell of Plants rifes in
Poppy-Water. And we int
of Wing, Opium very well. , >
The Hyjkrkk mixt Fetids yield good
Water, and all other Fetids,
. . : . By
(

4
3*8
^_
mt Cages ans amues of, &c. Pan m.
^nmmmm——^———————
1
_

. By the*particular Inflances I have given,

it does appear neceflary, that before we
prepare any Medicine, we ought to tafle
' *1’ because, if we find the fame Tafle in
the Medicine when prepared, we may con¬
clude, that it has the whole Vertues of the
Plant; This is therefore, the rnoft rational
way, whereby all our Simple Medicines
ought to be examined; and for this reafbn,
Compounds ought to be rejected ,♦ for tho’
we know the Vertues of the Simples, yet
the refulting Tafle of Compofitions is not
certain ,* and therefore the Vertues of all
great Compofitions is very uncertain, and
only found out by Experience, which alone
teaches us the Vertues of Mithridate,
Treacle^ &c. In thefe confufed Compo¬
fitions, the Tafle of the Simples is altered
and no particular Tafle is difcernible*
therefore each particular Tafle has its Na¬
ture and Vertue altered by the Fermen¬
tation, which happens in fuch Mixtures;
and alfo by the Contrariety of one Tafle
£o another.

The End of the Eirjl Volume.

 /

ADVERTISEMENT
By the Publifhers.
r 1 Hus much of the Third Part f rela-
I ting more nearly to Vegetables )
was thought proper to go along
t with the Tart that treats of them. The
\ *next Volume ( now in the Prefs, ami which
I will he Puhlijh’d next Michaelmas-Term )
( fall begin with tire Remainder of the Third
Part, which treats of Salts, and the Mineral
i Kingdom. The Animal Kingdom will he alfo
conjidered. Specificks fhall be Clafed. Plants
fhall, according to their Taftes, be reduced to
their Summa genera: and, according to the
Compofitions of their Taftes, and diflinguifb-
ing Smells, they^ fhall be fub-divided into
Species. And as to ufefulnefs, What
follows That which is here hinted, will ex¬
ceed what you have already. The A U-
THOR x abfence from the Prefs mufl
entitle him to an Excufe from its Errata *
I but efpecially, his late defperate Sicknefs is
hisfujficient Apology: In his Recovery from
whichy as he himfeff has reaped the Benefit
of his own Art; fo let it be the good Wifhes
of the Sons of Art, and of all good Men, that
j he may long furvive his Danger $ and live
j to have the Satisfaction, while the World has
the Advantages of his great Learning, Skill,
tmd Induftry. ^ .