SEMINAR REPORT ON

“DESIGN OF WEARABLE DEVICES FOR CHILD SAFETY”

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

SUBMITTED BY
Kashid Anuj Krishna Roll No :32

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING,

PRAVARA RURAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

At/Post :- Loni Bk, Tal :- Rahata, Dist :- Ahmednagar

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

2022-23

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitles

“DESIGN OF WEARABLE DEVICES FOR CHILD SAFETY”

Submitted by

Anuj Krishna Kashid Exam No: 32

is a bonafide student of this institute and has satisfactorily presented

credit seminar on “DESIGN OF WEARABLE DEVICES FOR CHILD
SAFETY” under the guidance of Prof. P.B. Vikhe for the completion of
the TE Computer Engineering.

Mr. P. B. Vikhe Mr. B. B. Vikhe DR.M.R.Bendre

Seminar Guide, Seminar Coordinator, HOD,
Dept. of Computer Engg. Dept. of Computer Engg. Dept. of Computer Engg.

Place:Loni
Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express special thanks to my Guide Mr. P. B. Vikhe and Mr. B. B.
Vikhe (Seminar and Technical Communication Coordinator) for providing me an opportunity
to present seminar on this topic.

I take opportunity to thanks Dr. M. R. Bendre (HOD of Computer Engineering

Department) and Dr. S. M. Gulhane, (Principal, Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni Bk)
for extending me a helping hand whenever needed.

I would also like to thank all staff members of Computer Department of Pravara Rural
Engineering College. Loni Bk, for their kind co-operation and support which helped me in
completion of my seminar.

I would like to extend my gratitude to my family, parents and friends for their support
and encouragement which helped me greatly in successful completion of this seminar.

Anuj Krishna Kashid

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Sr. No. Title of Chapter Page No.

01 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 Seminar Scope 3
1.4 Methodologies 4
02 Literature Survey 6
03 Technical Details 7
3.1 Location Sensor 7
3.1.1 GPS 7
3.1.2 GSM Module 10
3.2 Warning Sensor 11
3.2.1 Temperature Sensor 11
3.2.2 Alarm Sensor 12
3.2.3 SOS Light 14
3.2.4 Vibration sensors 14
3.3 Other Components 15
3.3.1 MEMS Sensor 15
3.3.2 Node MCU 16
3.3.3 Battery 16
04 Advantages 17
05 Disadvantages 18
06 Design of the system 19
6.1 Methodology 19
6.2 Scenario Characterization 25

6.3 Communications Architecture 27

07 Validation 29
7.1 System Overview 29
7.2 Block Diagram For IOT Based Child Safety 31
7.3 Flow Chart of The Proposed System 31
7.4 Smartphone App 33
08 Conclusion 34
09 References 35
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS 37
LIST OF FIGURES 37

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DESIGN OF WEARABLE DEVICES FOR CHILD SAFETY
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Internet of Things (IOT) is the latest technology that connects entire world. It establishes connectivity
(through internet) among the various devices or services or systems in order to little by little make
automation development in all areas.

The main idea of this wearable arrangement arises from the challenging need for child safety as there can
be circumstances where child gets missing in most of the crowded areas. This work mainly focuses on the
vital aspect that lost children can be helped by the public .This system plays an important role in the
protection of the kid until brought together with their parents. Therefore it is required to make use of the
short message service as the link between the child's wearable and theparent and, as this way of doing has
less probability of failure in comparison to Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.

Arduino Uno microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P is the platform used for running. The
process of communication with SMS is provided by the Arduino GSM Module by the use of the GSM
network. And it will make available the current location of the kid to the concerned parents via short
message service.

The second measure added is SOS Light indicator that will be coded with Arduino UNO board to show
the SOS signal whenever the parents need [1]. In this situation, a missing kid can be found by the parent
who could send a specially defined keyword as a short message service to the wearable that acknowledges
with the current location to the parent’s phone.

Additionally, the wearable equipped with a distress alarm buzzer which sets to active by sending a short
message service keyword "BUZZ" to the wearable. Hence the buzzer is with high volume and can be
heard by the parent from very considerable distance. Also the parents via short message service can
receive location of the child, which can help them locate the child with maximum accuracy.
Some of the existing works are the lightweight, low-cost, Wristband Vital that senses and reports
hazardous surroundings for people who requires immediate assistance such as children and seniors.
This utilizes a Arduino system along with a Sensor system and Bluetooth 4.1 module. This Bluetooth
module is a low power module.

The major disadvantage for this important band is that it employs Bluetooth as the way of
communication in between parent and the child. Therefore, the wearable device implemented in this paper
will be effectively communicating the parent via SMS through GSM .This ensures that there is a secure
communication link.

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 Fig. 1 System Overview of the wearable device

1.2 MOTIVATION

Safety is the most wanted power for everyone in today’s world. Kidnappings is the one of the major
crime in India practiced against Child and Women. The crime rate is growing steadily since last few
decades. According to latest National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 2013 annual report, 33,707
Kidnappings cases are reported across only India.

The number of reported rape cases has been steadily increasing over the past decade. Technology is the
best way to solve this problem. That’s the reason to develop this project that can act as a rescue device
and protect at the time of danger.

The motivation behind this project is an attempt to focus on a security system that is designed merely to
serve the purpose of providing security to women and children so that they never feel helpless while
facing such social challenges. An advanced system can be built that can detect the location and health
condition of person that will enable us to take action accordingly based on electronic gadgets like GPS
receiver, GSM, pulse rate sensor, flex sensor, MEMS accelerometer, body temperature sensor.

We can make use of number of sensors to precisely detect the real time situation of the women and
children in critical abusive situations. The heartbeat of a person in such situations is normally higher
which helps make decisions to detect the abnormal motion of the person is victimized.

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1.3 SEMINAR SCOPE :

1) Camera Module:

For surveillance of the child's surroundings, to get a clearer picture of the location, this wearable can
also contain a camera module incorporated in it. The hardware that could be used would be a adafruit
TTL serial camera. Since the major focus of this wearable project is the GSM module which is a better
alternative than Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee due to the short range and connectivity issues of these
technologies.

Therefore, for this project using the GSM technologies is beneficial as the cellular range is vast and
since all the communication between the wearable and the user is taking place via SMS, therefore no
internet connectivity is required at all. But, still, the Arduino GSM shield possess the added advantage
of using GPRS which enables the board to use the internet if required. Whereas for the camera module
which supports video streaming but due to the constraint of trying to use only sms, therefore only four
wire connections will be taking place. The red and black wires will be connected directly to +5V and
GND respectively to the Arduino uno board. Whereas for the RX pin which will be used for sending
data via arduino uno and arduino gsm board and for the TX pin which will be utilized for receiving
incoming data via from the modules. The lOK resistor divider, the camera's serial data pins are 3.3v
logic, and it would be a good idea to divide the 5V down so that its 2.5V.

Normally the output from the digital 0 pin is 5V high, the way we connected the resistors is so the
camera input (white wire) never goes above 3.3V. To talk to the camera, the Arduino uno will be using
two digital pins and a software serial port to talk to the camera. Since the camera or the Arduino Uno do
not have enough onboard memory to save snapshots clicked and store it temporarily, therefore an
external storage source microSD breakout board will be used to save the images temporarily. The
camera works on a standard baud rate of 38400 baud. The camera will be collecting information in the
same manner as the GPS module. It will be on standby conserving power waiting for the particular
keyword "SNAPSHOT" to be sent from the user's smartphone to the GSM shield will activate the
camera to start clicking a snapshot of the surrounding and save the file temporarily on the external
microSD card. After which Arduino Uno will access the saved image from the microSD storage and
transfer it to the GSM module which send it to the user via SMS/MMS text.

2) Android App:
The idea behind the Android app has been derived from having an automated bot to respond to text
message responses from the user. It will provide the user with predefined response options at just the
click of a button. The user doesn't need to memorize the specific keywords to send. Also, the bot will be
preprogrammed to present the user with a set of predefined keyword options such as "LOCATION,"
"SNAPSHOT," "SOS," etc. Whereas for the future aspect of this wearable device based on what type
sensor is added to it, additional specific keywords could be added such as, "HUMIDITY,"
"ALTITUDE," etc.

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For surveillance of the child's surroundings, to get a clearer picture of the location, this wearable can also
contain a camera module incorporated in it. The hardware that could be used would be a adafruit TTL
serial camera. Since the major focus of this wearable project is the GSM module which is a better
alternative than Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee due to the short range and connectivity issues of these
technologies. Therefore, for this project using the GSM technologies is beneficial as the cellular range is
vast and since all the communication between the wearable and the user is taking place via SMS, therefore
no internet connectivity is required at all. But, still, the Arduino

GSM shield possess the added advantage of using GPRS which enables the board to use the internet if
required. Whereas for the camera module which supports video streaming but due to the constraint of
trying to use only sms, therefore only four wire connections will be taking place. The red and black wires
will be connected directly to +5V and GND respectively to the Arduino uno board. Whereas for the RX
pin which will be used for sending data via arduino uno and arduino gsm board and for the TX pin which
will be utilized for receiving incoming data via from the modules. The lOK resistor divider, the camera's
serial data pins are 3.3v logic, and it would be a good idea to divide the 5V down so that its 2.5V.
Normally the output from the digital 0 pin is 5V high, the way we connected the resistors is so the camera
input (white wire) never goes above 3.3V. To talk to the camera, the Arduino uno will be using two digital
pins and a software serial port to talk to the camera. Since the camera or the Arduino Uno do not have
enough onboard memory to save snapshots clicked and store it temporarily, therefore an external storage
source microSD breakout board will be used to save the images temporarily. The camera works on a
standard baud rate of 38400 baud. The camera will be collecting information in the same manner as the
GPS module. It will be on standby conserving power waiting for the particular keyword

"SNAPSHOT" to be sent from the user's smartphone to the GSM shield will activate the camera to start
clicking a

snapshot of the surrounding and save the file temporarily on the external microSD card. After which
Arduino Uno will access the saved image from the microSD storage and transfer it to the GSM module
which send it to the user via SMS/MMS text.

1.4 METHODLOGIES :

Participants and Settings

Participants were recruited through an email advertisement circulated to staff and students working at or
attending an Australian university. Parents with children aged 7-12 years who did not currently own or
had not previously used the KidFit (a commercially available activity tracker) were eligible to
participate in the study. In total, 37 families expressed interest in the study, with 25 parents (4 fathers
and 21 mothers) providing written informed consent for themselves and their children (n=36; 18 boys
and 18 girls) to participate in the study (25/37; 68% response rate). In total, 11 families had 2 children
participate. Participation involved children wearing the KidFit activity tracker for 4 consecutive weeks,
and parents completing a weekly Web-based survey. Following completion of the fourth week, a
subsample of parents (n=10) provided consent to participate in a one-on-one interview. As children
were not directly involved in data collection, no written assent for participation was required. Ethical
approval was provided by the Deakin University Human Ethics Advisory Group (Health).

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Wearable Activity Tracker This study investigated the acceptability and usability of wearable activity
trackers specifically designed for children. Acceptability was defined as the perceived usefulness of the
device for tracking activity behaviors, although usability was defined as the perceived ease of use of the
device [21]. The KidFit (X-Doria International, Santa Monica, CA, USA; AUD $70 per device) was
selected as it was smaller and targeted a broader age range than the only other commercially available
wearable activity trackers specifically designed for children younger than 13 years of age at the time of
the study. However, it is important to highlight that the aim of the study was to assess the acceptability
and usability of wearable activity trackers, rather than device-specific information, because of the rapid
technological turnover. Nonetheless, the KidFit (Multimedia Appendix 1) is a splash-proof,
rechargeable activity tracker (3.5 × 2.2 × 1.0 cm3) worn on the wrist using a snap band that collects
physical activity and sleep data. No feedback is provided to the wearer about their activity levels; this
information is only accessible via the accompanying app, which is free to download from the App Store
or Google Play Store. Data are manually synced with the app via Bluetooth when pressing the button on
the front of the device. Information provided in the app includes the number of steps, distance traveled
(based on steps taken), a KidFit score (based on activity levels), and sleep time, which can be tracked
over time (days/weeks) and facilitates goal setting. Challenges are also provided in the app (eg, hit your
daily goal 3 times in a row). Similar to other wearable activity trackers for children, the KidFit requires
charging approximately every 5 days. It is compliant with the American Children’s Online Privacy
Protection Act.
Protocol Each child was provided with a KidFit and asked to wear it for 4 consecutive weeks. Data
collection took place between September and December 2015 (Spring-Summer). As participants had
not previously used the KidFit, a research assistant met with each parent to help them set the device up
for their child. This process involved downloading the KidFit app on to the parents’ smartphone or
tablet, showing them how their child should wear the activity tracker, and familiarizing them with basic
functions of the activity tracker and app. These included how to charge the KidFit, how to sync it with
the app, what the different flashing lights on the KidFit meant, and how to navigate the app. A user
manual that was developed by the research team was also provided to parents, which included
troubleshooting information on these functions. This manual was based on a quick start manual that was
provided with the KidFit and additional information available over Web at the time of the study. No
instructions were provided on how to customize daily goals or how to interpret the information
generated by the app. Parents were asked to sync their children’s data each day to ensure no data were
lost. Parents were not provided any specific directions regarding app interaction frequency or duration,
engagement with app content (eg challenges), or data interpretation, with their children.
Measures
Survey Parents were asked to complete a short Web-based survey at the end of each week that their
child wore the activity tracker. Where more than 1 child from each family was participating, parents
completed 1 survey per child. Items developed for use in this study (see Table 1) assessed the use of the
activity tracker and app in the previous week, daily wear compliance, reasons for nonwear or nonuse,
perceptions of the wearable activity tracker and app (eg, ease of use, comfort, awareness of activity, and
the ability to understand information provided), enjoyment of use, problems experienced using the
device and app, and how information was used by the parents and their children (eg, rewarding goals

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achieved). All quantitative items were rated on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3
(strongly agree). Open-ended items asked about the parents’ perspectives (eg, how did you use the
information provided?) and their children’s perspectives (eg, what does your child like about the
wearable activity tracker?). Demographic data (eg, age and sex of parent and child) were collected in
the survey completed at the end of week 1. Parents’ ownership and use of activity trackers was also
assessed in week 1.

2 LITERATURE SURVEY

A. Embedded IEEE Project Child Safety Wearable device:

The concentration of this paper is to have an SMS content empowered correspondence medium
between the children wearable and the parent as nature for GSM portable that correspondence is
practically present all over the place. The parent can send a content with particular catchphrases,
for example: area, temperature, uv, sos, buzz and wearable gadgets will answer back with a
content containing the continuous exact area of the youngster which after will gives
applications.

B. Child safety wearable device

The child safety device is capable of acting as a capable IOT device it provides parents with the
real time location, surrounding temperature, UV radiation index and SOS light along with
distress alarm buzzer for their child’s surroundings and the ability to locate their child or alert by
standers in acting to rescue or comfort the child. The smart child safety wearable can be
enhanced much more in future by using highly compact arduino modules such as the lily pad
arduino which can be sewed into fabrics. Also a more power efficient model will have to be
created which will be capable for holding the battery holding for longer time.

C. Women safety device:

Suraksha it describes that the device can be actuated by three ways namely, voice, switch and
shock. The device when not in use locked so that the unnecessary signals are not sent. For
unlocking it, a simple voice command is sufficient when the device is thrown with the force,
using force sensor it will start functioning that is it will send the location to the police and
distress message to the registered mobile number. The working of the device connected with the
jewellery which sends a message to the person when the abnormal force is applied which is like
a button, this records a voice message. This device is embedded with the jewellery. But
accessing the button in danger and sending alert message through recording audio are the main
drawback.

D. Women safety device:

Safety and security in public transportation based on public perception in developing countries
poses higher risk of safety and security since there happen to be more passengers in one car .the

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 problem becomes worse in developing countries, because of the lack of suitable and integrated
approaches. The aim of this research is to explore the perception of safety problems of those
parties involved in the operation of public transportation. This perception is used as a base to
develop and improvement agenda for the context of developing countries. The research employs
a questionnaire survey to collect the perception data.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

Block Diagram of the System

LCD
DISPLAY

TEMPERATU
IOT
RE SENSOR
ARDUNIO MODULE
UNO

GPS
PULSE
MODULE
SENSOR

BP SENSOR SWITCH

SMS TO WEB LINK

PARENT

Fig.2 Block diagram of Child safety System

System Overview consists of an ATmega328p microcontroller that decides the architecture of the
wearable system with an Arduino set up as in Figure

3.1 Location sensor

3.1.1 GPS

For determining the real time location of the child NEO6MV2 GPS module has been used which

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communicates with the Arduino Uno through a 9600bps software serial interface. The connections
between the Arduino Uno and the GPS module is made. This system exhibits a very low power
consumption and very compact in size. The GPS module output comprises of standard string
information which is governed by the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) protocol.
Short Message service (SMS) triggers text "LOCATION" and is transmitted from the mobile phone of
the user.

Upon transmission, this text is acknowledged by the GSM. This text in addition prompts the
Arduino Uno for execution and hence Arduino Uno runs the GPS code and gathers the present,
current, and accurate location of the GPS module. The following formats are the location output
received from the GPS module [5]. The latitude and longitude coordinates received are stored in
variables called "latitude" and "longitude," which are then called upon when the SMS text received on
the GSM module matches with the keyword "LOCATION". The location output string received from
the GPS module is in the following format: 1 330516 Time Stamp 7 183.7 Speed in knots 4 A validity
- A- ok, V-invalid 8 231.8 True course 3 4785.23 current Latitude 8 123456 Date Stamp 3 S
North/South 10 004.2 Variation 5 00042.24 current Longitude 9 E East/West 6 W East/West 12 *70
checksum D.
GPS Location Sensor For determining the real time location of the child Parallax PMB-648 GPS
module has been used which communicates with the Arduino Uno through a 4800 bps TTL-level
interface. The connections between the Arduino Uno and the GPS module established with three wired
connections which enable the Arduino to read the GPS data. The GPS module receives location
information from the various satellites present in the NAVSTAR (American Satellites Timing and
Ranging Global Positioning System) GPS system [1]. It has a low power conswnption and size of the
only 32x32mm, which is very compact. 20 parallel satellite-tracking channels for fast acquisition and
reacquisition. The output received from the GPS module is a standard string information which is
governed by the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) protocol. To interface the PMB-648
GPS module with the Arduino to provide precise latitude and longitude GPS coordinates, the TinyGPS
library was added into the Arduino IDE. The Yin (red wire) on the PMB-648 GPS module is connected
to the 5V pin on the Arduino Uno via jumper cables. Similarly, the GND (black wire) pin on the GPS
module is connected to the GND pin on the Arduino Uno via jumper cables.

The TXD (yellow wire) is connected to pin 6 of the Arduino Uno via jumper cables on the breadboard.
The pin six on the Arduino Uno is a digital pin which can also be used for PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) applications. Once the SMS trigger text "LOCA nON" is sent from the cell phone of the
user, this text is received by the Arduino GSM Shield which in turn triggers the Arduino Uno to execute
the GPS code to fetch the current, accurate location of the GPS module. The location output received
from the GPS module is in the following format:

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 Fig.3 Output received GPS location sensor.

GPS stands for Global Positioning System is a satellite based navigation system. It provides time and
location based information to a GPS receiver, located anywhere on or near earth surface. In this project
we are going to interface a GPS module with NodeMCU. A simple local web server is created using
NodeMCU and the location details are updated in that server webpage. GPS works in all whether
conditions provided there is an unobstructed line of sight communication with 4 or more GPS satellites.
The module will transmit data in multiple strings at 9600 Baud Rate. GPS module sends the Real time
tracking position data in NMEA format. When we use GPS module for tracking any location we only
need coordinates and we can find this in $GPGGA string. Only $GPGGA (Global Positioning System
Fix Data) string is mostly used in programs and other string are ignored. GPS module takes some time
to capture location details once it is powered on. NodeMCU starts web server and waits for a client to
get connected to the web server. Once client is connected to the web server, NodeMCU sends location
details to connected client.

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 Fig.4 GPS Sensor

3.1.2 GSM Module

Dual Band GSM/GPRS engine named SIM900A is built with the GSM/GPRS Modem–RS232 , it
works with frequencies of about 900/ 1800 MHz. The Modem is available with RS232 interface. This
interfaces PC and microcontroller with RS232 Chip (MAX232). The baud rate can be configured
between 9600-115200 bps through AT (Attention) command. And also it is appropriate for short
message service, voice as well as data communication application for machine to machine interface.
Onboard Regulated Power supply allows connecting wide range of unregulated power supply. Using
this modem, it is likely to make calls, send short message service, read short message service, attend
the arriving calls and use internet etc. through simple AT commands. Also it transfers the information
to the user via SMS. Arduino offers libraries for GSM module. This allows the GSM module to make
and receive a call, send and receive SMS and act as a client and a server. The GSM module accepts
5Volts power supply directly from Arduino Uno 5V. The serial communication between the Arduino
Uno and GSM module is achieved through the serial pins 0, 1. The Arduino has been planned to
obtain text messages from the parent’s smart phone through the GSM module. The GSM module
constantly scans the received text messages for the specific keywords like “Location”, “Temperature”,
“SOS” and “Buzz”. GPS Location Sensor tests the wearable device multiple times with repeated SMS
texts. The GPS location sensor will be able to respond with accurate latitude and longitude coordinates
of the wearable system to the user's smart mobile phone [6]. The user would connect to the received
Google maps Uniform Resource Locator (URL). This in addition opens the google map app or any
default browser. This in turn displays the location.

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GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. The idea of GSM was developed at Bell
Laboratories in 1970. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile
voice and data services operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.
GSM makes use of narrowband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique for transmitting
signals. A GSM digitizes and reduces the data then send it down through a channel with two different
streams of client data each in its own particular time slot. The digital system has an ability to carry
64kbps to 120Mbps of data rates. There are various cell sizes in a GSM system such as macro, micro,
pico and umbrella cells.

Fig.7 GSM Module

3.2 Warning Sensors

3.2.1 Temperature Sensor

The temperature of the surroundings of the child can be monitored using a LM35 sensor. This element
is equipped with a thermistor (with a particular temperature coefficient of resistance) for measuring the
surrounding temperature and the variation with efficiency. The temperature sensor is coupled to the
Arduino Uno board. The value of the temperature is stored in a variable which may be integer or string
type. Hence the temperature is invoked by the Arduino Uno upon getting the appropriate short
message service keyword “TEMPERATURE” from the user’s mobile phone.
In order to measure the temperature of the surround ings of the child, a seeed studio grove temperature
sensor was used. The sensor module is equipped with a thermistor for measuring the ambient
temperature and the fluctuations with high accuracy.

The observable temperature detectability for this sensor ranges from -40°C to -125°C and the precise
accuracy for this device range from + 1.5°C to -1.5°C. The temperature is connected to the Arduino
Uno and GSM shield using a Grove base shield which contains eight digital ports ranging from D 1 to
D8, four analog ports ranging from AO to A3 and 4 I2C ports. Therefore, the temperature sensor is

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connected to the A2 analog port of the base shield. The temperature value is stored in a string
getTemp(a), where "a" is the integer type. Hence the getTemp(a) is called by the GSM module upon
receiving the proper SMS keyword "TEMPERATURE" by the user's smartphone.

Fig.5 Temperature Sensor

3.2.2 Alarm
In the scenario, if a child is separated from his/her parents. The parent can find out the location of the
child by alarm sound in a very loud alarm using this wearable device. In order to achieve this, a
piezoelectric buzzer is utilized, and this is responsible for emitting a strong tone upon the output being
HIGH.

In the scenario, if a child is separated from his/her parents. The parent can locate their child by sounding
a very loud alarm on the wearable. To achieve this, grove seeed studio buzzer was used, which has a
piezoelectric module which is responsible for emitting a strong tone upon the output being set to HIGH.

The grove buzzer module is activated upon sending an SMS text with the keyword "BUZZ" from a cell
phone. Also, this buzzer works similar to the SOS led by alerting the people nearby with the distressed
tone that the child might be lost and is in need of assistance. The buzzer is connected to the D4 digital
port of the base shield.

It is activated upon sending an SMS text with the keyword “BUZZ” from a cell phone. Also, this
buzzer module works by alerting the people who are in the nearby surroundings with the distressed
tone that the child might be lost and requires assistance. The buzzer is connected to the digital pin of
the Arduino.

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Distress Alarm Buzzer In the scenario, if a child is separated from his/her parents. The parent can locate
their child by sounding a very loud alarm on the wearable. To achieve this, grove seeed studio buzzer
was used, which has a piezoelectric module which is responsible for emitting a strong tone upon the
output being set to HIGH. The grove buzzer module is activated upon sending an SMS text with the
keyword "BUZZ" from a cell phone. Also, this buzzer works similar to the SOS led by alerting the
people nearby with the distressed tone that the child might be lost and is in need of assistance. The
buzzer is connected to the D4 digital port of the base shield.

Fig.6 Buzzer

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3.2.3 SOS Light
The another theory that this paper focusses on is that bystanders are the fust mode of help for a missing
child. The purpose of the SOS light is to be able to alert the people nearby that the child might be in
distress since the light will be flashing the universal SOS light symbol which many people nowadays
know for to be a sign for help. This can be activated by the parent itself by sending an SMS text with the
keyword "SOS" to the child's wearable which will activate the SOS light flashing. The SOS light works
on the principal of Morse code in which "S" stands for three short dots and the "0" stands for three long
dashes. Since a very long time, the SOS signal has been universally known for being the sign of distress
and help. The SOS signal is referred to by all security personals, who if find the child to be missing can
act and help locate the parents with surplus resources present at their disposal. The SOS Light is
connected to the pin 13 of the base shield.

Fig.8 SOS Light Sensor

3.2.4 Vibration sensors

Vibration sensors are sensors for measuring, displaying and analyzing linear velocity, displacement and
proximity or acceleration. Abnormal vibration indicative of problems with an industrial machine can be
detected early and repaired before the event of machine failure. Therefore vibration analysis is used as a
tool to determine equipment condition as well as the specific location and type of problems. The LM35
temperature sensor is used to monitor temperature of the child. If the temperature of the child is greater
than 35°C then the message is send to caretaker. This text file is sent as a mail to a caretaker. The LM35
features are calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade), it is less than 60 µA current drain and the
Temperature sensing range over a –55°C to 150°C

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 Fig.9 Viberation Sensor

3.3 Other Component

3.3.1 MEMS Sensor
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems or MEMS, is a technology that in its most general form can be
defined as miniaturized mechanical and electro mechanical elements that are made using the techniques
of micro fabrication. The critical physical dimensions of MEMS devices can vary from well below one
micron on the lower end of the dimensional spectrum, all the way to several millimeters. Likewise, the
types of MEMS devices can vary from relatively simple structures having no moving elements, to
extremely complex electromechanical systems with multiple moving elements under the control of
integrated microelectronics. The one main criterion of MEMS is that there are at least some elements
having some sort of mechanical functionality whether or not these elements can move. The term used to
define MEMS varies in different parts of the world. In the United States they are predominantly called
MEMS, while in some other parts of the world they are called “Microsystems Technology” or “Micro
Machined Devices”

Fig.10 MEMS Sensor

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3.3.2 Node MCU :

Node MCU is an open source Iot platform. It includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC
from Express if Systems and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module. The term Node MCU by
default refers to firmware rather than the development kits. The firmware uses the Lua scripting
language. It is based on the eLua project and built on the Express if Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses
many open source project such as luacjson8 and SPIFFS9 . The type of Node MCU is Single-board
microcontroller. The operating system uses XTOS and the CPU is ESP82661 (LX1062 ). The memory
is 128kBytes, its storage is 4Mbytes3 and the power is supplied by the USB

Fig.11 Node MCU

3.3.3 Battery
The LG INR18650 M26 2600mAh Lithium-Ion Battery is a high-performance battery that provides
excellent value for money. It has a capacity of 2600mAh and a rated voltage of 3.7 volts. With a
capacity of 2600 mAh, it is a single cell, small, and powerful battery cell. Features:
a) High energy density
b) High working voltage for single battery cells
c) Pollution-free with a Long cycle lif
d) No memory effect
e) Capacity, resistance, Voltage, platform time consistency is good.
f) Lightweight, small size

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 Fig.12 Battery

4. ADVANTAGES

1 Easy Availability& Affordability

Gone are the days when buying a GPS enabled Wearable Device for kids was considered a luxury. Today,
however, the scenario is different. There are plenty of options readily available. It is easy to buy a smart
watch for kids of your choice online. What’s more, these magnificent tech gadgets don’t burn a big hole in
your pockets and make up for an affordable buy. Now a smart watch is just a click away! Besides ,these
smart-watches lend a style statement to your fashion conscious kids.

2 Tracking Made Easy

Fueled by IOT, the GPS enabled Wearable Device act as a saviour for parents who are always clouded
with worries about their kids. Tracking a child was never this easy. These Wearable Device allow parents
to track their children in crowded/public places or when they are out of sight say at school, picnic or an
outing. Parents can use these smart-watches to track the location of their lost kids.

3 Smart watch is Technology in Disguise

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No matter how tech advanced the smart watches are, they hardly look like one. Most manufacturers have
worked hard to mold their tech wonders in a time piece that looks everything but a tech piece! Their
childish designs and bright colour combination is perfect to disguise them. This is precisely why most
people can hardly spot the difference between a smart watch and an ordinary watch. Good for kids who
use them, as their adorable designs keep these watches safe from the prying eyes.

4. Watches Over Your Kids

GPS tracker watches are a boon for parents as they help in watching over your kids when either they are
away or you are away from them. These devices:

1. Tracks kids when they reach school or arrive home from school.

2. Track kids when they are untraceable in a crowded space.

3. Track kids when they are away from home and out of your sight.

5 Guarantees Peace of Mind to Parents

Parents, whether at home or office, are always worried about the safety of their kids. The fear of losing
your child to avoidable circumstances is the concern area for all mommies and daddies. On the other hand,
a smart watch equipped kid is always traceable and reachable in case of contingencies and emergencies.
This in fact, offers great solace for parents, who are relieved at the thought of maintaining an
uninterrupted connectivity with their children, anytime, anywhere. Enough to of course, guarantee the
much-needed peace of mind.

5. DISADVANTAGES

Poor Security
The opponents claim that kids’ wearables put their owners at great risk, and this opinion is not entirely
off base. First of all, there are no unified security requirements for such connected devices and only
selected countries and states have enacted their own IoT security laws. To aggravate this situation, most
manufacturers do not invest sufficient money and effort in children’s wearables’ defense mechanisms,
thus leaving multiple cybersecurity holes. In 2019, Avast researchers detected serious vulnerabilities in
some 600,000 trackers for children sold on Amazon.

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This way, children wearing insecure devices become an easy target for so-called black-hat hackers.
Exploiting security flaws, they can easily access children’s personal details, monitor their location and
movements in real-time, and even listen to what is happening around them. This information can be
gathered and used for blackmail or will help criminals track down the child in the worst-case scenario.

Privacy Concerns
In the hands of parents who are overprotective or overbearing by nature, wearables may become a
digital leash of sorts. GPS or other location-tracking technologies will allow them to keep track of the
child’s whereabouts every minute and control whether they leave the permitted area. This may be a
sound security measure for kids of younger age when used within reasonable limits, but restricting
teenagers and young adults this way is a pure and simple limitation of their rights and freedoms.

Even though using surveillance technologies for protection may be a good intention, it deprives children
of the possibility to gain experience on their own. Kids should be allowed to enjoy their childhood,
while technology should only help keep children safe instead of stifling them with ongoing supervision.
Otherwise, a child controlled to such an extent might grow up dependent on their parents and unable to
make decisions for themself.

6. DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM

6.1 METHODOLOGY
The methodology used in [1] is demonstrated in the following Block Diagram:
The above Figure speaks to a square graph of the youngster wellbeing gadget proposed in the paper. The
LinkIt ONE board is an open source stage.

It comprises of inbuilt Wi-Fi, GSM, GPS and Bluetooth modules. Different components such as
Temperature sensor, Touch sensor, heartbeat sensor, GSM, GPS modules and serial camera are connected
to the LinkIt ONE Board along with built-in GSM, GPS modules

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 Fig. 13 Block Diagram

The block diagram of the proposed youngster wellbeing gadget is shown in Figure 1. The
LinkIt ONE board is an open source stage. It comprises of inbuilt Wi-Fi GSM, GPS and
Bluetooth modules. Different components such as Temperature sensor, Touch sensor,
heartbeat sensor, GSM, GPS modules and serial camera are connected to the LinkIt ONE
Board along with built-in GSM, GPS modules. For every 30 minutes except serial camera, the
data from GPS, temperature, touch, and pulse rate data is pushed into the cloud. If the values
read by the sensor pass a threshold value then an SMS alert is sent to the mobile. The child’s
parameters of touch, temperature & heartbeat can be plotted on a graph and used for
parametric analysis. This is shown in the circuit diagram below:

Fig. 14 Circuit Diagram

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The kid protect framework in [2] is organized into three sections and two principle capacities.
The unmistakable parts are; a gatekeeper application (which shows up on watchmen’s cell
phone), an application for the youngster (which shows up on the kid’s cell phone) and a web
server. The two fundamental techniques for guarding the kid are region safety and in-path
safety: -In-path safety is used when a child goes out alone. This system collects the child’s
real-time geographical coordinates and sends them to the guardian’s mobile. It likewise
shows the kid’s continuous developments on the guide. Region safety alarms the guardian if
the youngster moves past a specific locale. The kid will be advised to come back to the
assigned territory. Other regular capacities implemented in both mobile devices are
communication, positioning and line drawing, voice reminders and alerts. The architecture
used here is shown below:

Fig.15 Architecture Diagram

In structuring the proposed gadget in [3], three sorts of parameters are assessed during the
estimations:  ambient physical parameter including sound level, gaseous tension, stickiness,
and temperature  chemical encompassing parameters, for example, subjective and
quantitative location of CO, SO2 and NO2 gases  motion following for day by day exercises
to interestingly distinguish each spot air quality. In this approach each layer performs a
specific task and they are: • Host platform – It is the main off rack physical layer. It is fit for
stretching out in the two headings of Z-pivot. • Gas sensor hub – The significant worry of this
layer is to distinguish unsafe/poisonous gas.- Notification system – It is used for warning
individuals about an abnormal status. • Equipment flex interface – This layer encourages
show and sound module association with the host stage. • Battery and holder – It is the last
layer and is bound to the host stage and holds battery encompassing it. The idea, criteria and

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prerequisites of the proposed wearable are connected to the equipment interface and are
incorporated to use the correspondence convention. This Is shown in the block diagram below

Fig.16 Block Diagram

[4] utilizes an arrangement of a self-fueled wearable IoT sensor organize, named WE-Safe
IoT venture, for wellbeing ecological observing. Every sensor hub comprises of a
miniaturized scale power director, a detecting unit, and a remote module. The smaller scale
power director is intended to collect vitality both inside and outside to empower a ceaseless
vitality supply for the sensor hub, which is low-power consuming. The small scale controller
gathers information from the sensors and interfaces with the LoRa chip. There is a
temperature and mugginess sensor, a CO2 sensor and an UV sensor. The information
gathered is transmitted remotely utilizing longgo LoRa remote innovation. It gives a long
range, low power and ease answer for the wearable system. The system graph of the proposed
wearable sensor organize is demonstrated as follows:

Fig.17 System Graph of Wearable Sensor

[5] demonstrates a prototype that has two parts: the smart wearable armband (SWA) part and
the smart training equipment (STE) part. The Armband is made up channels, a front-end,

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remote module and material anodes which collectively perform the functions of collecting,
preprocessing, and wirelessly transmitting bio-potential signs from the forearm. The SWA
can be worn around the client’s lower arm and give solace and non-abrasiveness. Material
cathodes and stretchable material were utilized to create this armband. The STE for the most
part comprises of AI calculations and a 3D printed apt robot hand. To start with, the remote
module gets pre-prepared sEMG signals from armband and transmits them to PC have. In the
PC condition, after sign pre-handling and highlight extraction, disconnected prepared ML
calculations are used to differentiate user’s features. The result is then mapped to an apt robot
hand. It can imitate the client’s activities in a constant way. The design of the IoT-empowered
stroke restoration framework is demonstrated as follows:

Fig.18 Stroke Restoration Framework

A fall detection database is presented in [6] to understand how detection algorithms perform.
Here, the database initially collects sample data from 24 females and 26 males while they’re
performing 15 sorts of day by day exercises, for example, strolling, running, etc. A total
examination of the databases that right now exist and of the proposed database is made. Four
algorithms (k nearest neighbour, the artificial neural network, support vector machine, and
kernel Fisher discriminant) are used to evaluate the databases’ abilities and how we could rely
on them. Assessment is made utilizing the conventions dependent on the fall discovery
database, and the exhibition of the four calculations is given for the accompanying goals: 
essential evaluation of the database utilizing the fall recognition calculations;  distinguishing
the qualities and shortcomings of the normal calculations; and  get the result of assessment
for two and different classes dependent on the database. The proposed device in [7] is a
wearable smart glass which has an IR sensor module, a Bluetooth wireless communication
module and a cloud system for data management. The glasses are based on desired conditions

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to detect drowsiness or fatigue From the block diagram above which shows the proposed
smart glass, we have the following:
 The eye base sleep detection theory which states “drowsiness can be detected when the
eyes are closed for a very long time(1-2 seconds)” is used to detect drowsiness.
 A miniature bandpass IR photodetector is used to minimize ambient environmental light
and enhance detection accuracy and helps in DFD recognition.
 DFD recognition is a program each driver’s characteristics. The DFD mode sends an alert
to the IVI in the vehicle via Bluetooth when an inclination toward drowsiness is detected.
Drowsiness is detected from the reflection conditions of the pupil via the bandpass sensor.

The methodology used in [8] has an azobenzene compound and a curing agent was prepared,
mixed and is coated on the glass optical fiber, a fiber strain probe is coated with a UV
stretchable polymer at three different positions and thickness, an optical distributed strain
sensor interrogator (ODiSI) with a sensor is used to continuously measure strain and
temperature. The UV sensor probe the strain sensor interrogators measure the UV-induced
strain of the azobenzene coated optical fibers. Azobenzene changes its phase when exposed to
UV light. Three UV LEDs are installed at different positions to measure the strain induced.
The LEDs are installed at different positions and are connected with the OdiSI system. The
effect of UV exposure, the strain on the probe and changes due to UV light is measured by
the UV sensing LEDs mounted at different positions. The strain on the probe increases as the
intensity of the UV light increases. The schematic diagram of UV sensor probe is shown
below:

Fig. 19 Schematic Diagram of UV Sensor Probe

The temperature sensing structure in [9] is a cascade of two FPIs( Fabry-Perot interferences )
and a Vernier effect mechanism. As temperature changes, a variety in the length of detecting
FPI happens. In FPI based sensors, the optical path difference(OPD) changes as indicated by
encompassing temperature. OPD is corresponding to the result of hole length and refractive
list of the depression media. The temperature sensitivity variation is expressed as

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The plausibility and execution of the proposed sensor is illustrated by placing the FPI on a
thermo electric cooler. The temperature is fixed at 20 °C. As the temperature rises, a lower
envelope spectra is acquired by bend fitting. An unmistakable range of Vernier impact, a
progression of detecting FPIs and reference FPIs with various pit length are readied.

Feasibility and performance are demonstrated by placing the FPI on a thermo electric cooler.
The temperature affectability of the single FPI is a negative an incentive because of the way
that the cavity length diminishes as the temperature rises. Vernier effect improves the
affectability and subsequently, the temperature affectability can be modified by changing the
depression length distinction of the two pits.
It includes GPS location sensor which determines the location of the child wearing the safety
device in real time and sends this to the Arduino UNO. There is also a Temperature sensor
that measures the temperature of the surroundings through the thermistor that is attached to it.
SOS light which alerts the nearby people about the child in distress by flashing the universal
light symbol on the device and the alarm helps the parents to locate the child or children when
they get separated from their parents by sounding a loud alarm. The system in [11] has a
MEMS sensor that detects abnormal vibration and is controlled by NodeMCU. This refers to
a firmware on IoT platform. The Global System for Mobile Communication is used to
transmit voice and data services ,by operating at certain range of frequency bands. The GPS
provides the location information which is updated to the server webpage and it is interfaced
with the NodeMCU. The system used in [12] runs on a microcontroller platform and it forms
the control unit of the device and consists of capacitors, reset circuitry, Pull up resistors and
so on .The system consists of a Power Supply section that is enabled with transformer to
provide power to the other components of the device. The Temperature sensor senses the
surrounding temperature and uses a thermistor to do this. This device also uses Liquid Crystal
Display(LCD) to display the information regarding the current status of the system , an LED
as an indicator lamp, an LDR that measures light intensity and a Buzzer section to alert the
completion of a process, along with GPS and GSM modules for tracking location and
communicating with the user device.

3.2.2 SCENARIO CHARACTERIZATION

Location Tracking
For most parents and caretakers, keeping track of their children is the primary reason for
buying them a wearable device. Unlike smartphones, these are worn directly on the body,

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which makes it difficult to lose them. Most GPS-enabled watches synchronize with
companion mobile apps that display real-time data from the watch and give parents peace of
mind.

Some models enable parents to see the child’s location on a map in real-time, while others
leverage a more advanced technology — geo-fencing. It allows setting up virtual
geographical barriers and receiving immediate alerts if the child leaves the designated area.

Above that, some wearables have more advanced safety features, such as an SOS button or
voice/video call to let children get in contact with parents in case of an emergency.

Health and Activity Tracking

Obesity is the scourge of our time, that affects even the youngest generations. The 2019 Atlas
of Childhood Obesity predicts that the number of overweight children globally will reach 206
million in 2025 unless proper measures are taken.

Although shocking, these figures are not surprising: children today are less active and spend
too much time in front of the screen. Wearables can track a child’s physical activity during
the day and help them take on a healthy lifestyle by encouraging exercising, drinking more
water, brushing teeth, and sleeping well. For example, gamified activity trackers with motion
sensors and a pedometer may unobtrusively encourage the child to move more and reward
them for each achievement.

Moreover, wearables with more sophisticated sensors allow parents to monitor their
children’s key biometrics (heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, etc.). Such smart
devices detect abnormal patterns using machine learning to alert parents about the child’s
illness or stress and offer recommendations on mitigating this. In this regard, wearable tech
will prove particularly useful for parents of infants, helping them keep track of their
children’s well-being at any time.

Games and Entertainment

Devices for kids should be entertaining, and wearables are no exception. Several
manufacturers power up their devices with game dynamics or technologies like AR and VR to
make them more appealing to children. The prime example is the LeapBand smartwatch that

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employs the good old Tamagotchi model. The user is tasked with keeping their digital pet
alive and happy by being physically active.

Certain companies take a step further and combine entertainment with education. For
instance, the VTech KidiZoom Smartwatch DX2 smartwatch is packed with puzzles and
games that develop the child’s logic and other cognitive skills and encourage their creativity.

3.2.3 COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE

A. GPS Location Sensor

Fig. 20 Screenshot Google maps

Upon testing the wearable device mUltiple times with repeated SMS texts. The GPS location
sensor was able to respond back with precise latitude and longitude coordinates of the
wearable device to the user's cellphone, which then the user would click on the received
Google maps URL which would, in tum, open the google maps app and display the pinpoint
location. In all the scenarios the GPS module was tested, it would respond back to the user's
cellphone within a minute. The GPS turned out to be so precise with the location that it
performed even better than the GPS on an expensive smartphone. As shown in the image

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below, the GPS module (red bubble) was able to show the current location of the wearable
with pinpoint accuracy and also show exactly at which side of the building it is present.
Whereas for the smartphone (blue dot) is showing the wearable to be present on the street,
which is marginally off from the exact location. This marginal miss match in the pin-point
location of the wearable can tum out to be fatal in a real life scenario, where the parent may
be miss lead to the wrong location of the child. Therefore, the Parallax PMB-648 GPS
module proves to be successful in providing the precise location with high accuracy and with
a good response time. The only drawback that could be stated was, the GSM module could
not interpret multiple valid keywords sent in a single message. For example, SMS string sent:
LOCA nON TEMPERATURE UV BUZZ SOS; it would not send a reply back to the gsm
module. Fig 6. Left: Cellphone SMS app for LOCA nON sensor and Right: Google maps
with latitude and longitude coordinates displayed.

B. Temperature and UV sensor:

Similar to the GPS location sensor, the Temperature, and UV sensors were tested multiple times under
different temperatures and higher intensities of sunlight. Both the sensors performed exceptionally well to
the test perfonned. The response time to receive a response back to the keywords "TEMPERATURE" and
"UV" was under a minute. Also, the temperature sensor was subjected to higher temperatures and
compared with a thermostat reading present in the room which would differ with the sensor reading by
+O.2°C to -O.2°C. Also, the UV sensor was measured under different intensities of sunlight. The UV
sensor was quick in responding to the changes in the intensity of sunlight. The response time to receive a
response back to the keywords "UV" was under a minute as well.

Fig21 . SMS app screen for UV and Temperature sensor

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C. SOS Light and Distress Alarm Buzzer:

The light and buzzer differ from the above sensors in the SMS trigger mechanism. Upon sending an
SMS with either "SOS" or "BUZZ," this would trigger the light and buzzer to perfonn an output
function instead of providing measurements back to the user's cellphone such as in the scenario of the
other sensors. Upon receiving the correct keywords, the SOS light and Alarm Buzzer would first
perform the particular task of flashing the SOS light and sounding a distress alarm which can take a
little longer than their sensor counterparts. After completion of their respective functions, the response
is sent back to the user' cell phone stating: "SOS Signal Sent" and "Playing Buzzer."

Fig 22. SMS app screen for Left: SOS Light and Right: Distress alarm buzzer.

7. VALIDATION

7.1 System Overview

An A Tmega328p microcontroller controls the system architecture of the wearable with an Arduino
Uno boot- loader. A 5 pin header allows for power (+3 V) and ground connections as well as providing
access to TX, RX, and reset pins of the ATMega328p. The Fig illustrates the architecture of the child
safety wearable device, which depicts the various technologies and technological standards used. The
system architecture of the wearable is based and controlled by an AT - mega328p microcontroller with
an Arduino Uno bootloader. The Arduino Uno collects various types of data from the different modules
interfaced to it, such as the GPS module upon being triggered by the Arduino GSM shield. The GSM

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shield is used as an interface to send the data received by the Arduino Uno via SMS or MMS to a
smartphone over GSMlGPRS. The GSM shield functions as a trigger for the Arduino Uno to request
data from its various modules. If an SMS text with distinct characters is sent to request the current
location or GPS coordinates is sent to the Arduino GSM shield via the user's smartphone, then the GSM
shield triggers the Arduino Uno to request the current GPS coordinates. The GSM shield uses digital
pins 2 and 3 for the software serial communication with the MIO. Pin2 is connected to the MlO's TX
pin and pin 3 to its RX pin. The Ml 0 is a Quadband GSM/GPRS modem that works at GSM850Mhz,
GSM900Mhz, DCS1800Mhz, and PCS1900Mhz. It also supports TCPIUDP and HTTP protocols
through a GPRS connection. Once the Arduino Uno has received at the coordinate infonnation, it will
process this infonnation and transfer it over to the GSM shield, which then via SMS sends the
coordinates to the user's smartphone. The user can just tap on the coordinates which will open up the
default GPS application installed on the phone and will show the user the distance between the child
and the user.

Wearable loT Device

The wearable device, for now, is not built on a SoC model, rather has been proposed using larger
components and can later build on the SoC platfonn once put into manufacture. The wearable loT
device tasked with acquiring various data from the all the different modules connected. It comprises of
Arduino Uno based on the ATmega328P microcontroller. It receives the data from its various
physically connected modules, anatomizes this data and refines the data in a more user understandable
format to the differe n t available user interfaces . The user, therefore, can conveniently vie w the
information on the i r cell p h 0 n e. The physical characteristics of the wearable device are proposed to
be as a wrist watch which remains placed around the wrist of the child during timeswhen the child is not
being accompanied by an adult/parent. For the moment the design is not made compact, since the main
focus now has been to show that this concept of smart wearables would be highly impactful for the
safety of children. The wearable system runs on a battery with an output voltage of 5V. In order to
maximize power consumption, the wearable device has been programmed to provide G P S and image
information only upon request by SMS text via GSM shield.

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7.2 Block Diagram For IOT Based Child Safety

The block diagram of the proposed child safety device is shown in Figure 1. The LinkIt ONE board is an
open source platform. It consists of inbuilt Wi-Fi, GSM, GPS and Bluetooth modules. The link it one
board is similar to the arduino board and it is termed as all-in-one prototyping board for wearable’s and
IoT devices. The board consists of ARM7 EJ-S and the clock speed is 260MHz. A SIM and SD card slots
are provided on the board itself. For the audio purpose a headset slot is also provided. The link it one is a
robust development board for the hardware and also used for industrial applications. Different
components such as Temperature sensor, Touch sensor, heartbeat sensor, GSM, GPS modules and serial
camera are connected to the LinkIt ONE Board along with builtinGSM, GPS modules. Lithium ion
battery is used as DC supply required to energize it. A rechargeable battery can also be used for the above
purpose. Temperature sensor block is shown in figure 1; temperature is one of the most commonly
measured variables and is therefore there are many ways of sensing temperature. For measuring body
temperature of the child LM35 temperature sensor is used. The touch sensor has three main components
on the circuit board.
The first component comprises of resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes whose area is
measured physically and its analogue signal is sends to an amplifier. Depends upon the resistant value of
the potentiometer the amplifier amplifies the signal and sends the signal to analogue output of the module.
The third component is comparator, when the signal falls under a specific value it is used to switch the
output. A serial camera is used for the purpose of taking snapshot of the area surrounding the child. A
miniature TTL serial JPEG camera is used because it is the best one for the purpose of wearable type.
The camera can snap the images of different sizes of pixels and those images are pre-compressed into
JPEG images. The heartbeat sensor is used in the proposed system for measuring the pulse rate. There is a
heartbeat pulse sensor which is combined to simple optical heart rate sensor with amplification and
nullification circuitry making it is fast and easy to get reliable pulse reading. The GSM/GPRS block is
activated with a SIM card on the board. GSM standard used here is GSM900. They mainly differ‘s based
on bandwidth and RF carrier frequency. GSM network consists of mobile station, Base station subsystem
network and operation subsystem. The GPS module is provided for identifying the location of the child.
GPS module receives the signals from satellites which are located miles away. The latitude and longitude
of the location can be identified by the GPS module. The Link it ONE board consists of micro SD/SIM
combo.
The device sends the monitored parameters data such as Temperature, touch and pulse rate to cloud.
When there are any abnormalities in temperature or touch or pulse rate readings, a SMS is sent to the
parent/caretaker mobile phone immediately. After sending SMS the serial camera captures the snapshot in
real time and is stored in SD card. From the SD card through the GSM module an MMS is sent to the
particular mobile phone.

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7.3 FLOW CHART OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
Figure Shows Flow chart of the proposed system. The counter should be started for counting time. The
sensors output data should be read from the child safety device. The counter time should be checked for
time interval of 30minutes. For every 30minutes except serial camera, the data from GPS, temperature,
touch, pulse rate data is pushed into the cloud. The monitoring parameters are displayed on webpage. The
counter is reset to restart the timer. So as to post the data into the cloud for every 30minutes. The sensors
data is continuously read by the controller. When the value of temperature read from the sensor crosses
the threshold1, notification messages are sent. The threshold value of the temperature is considered here is
38°C. Similarly, when the touch sensor value is crocess threshold2, notification messages are sent.
Threshold of the touch sensor is considered here is 100. The Pulse rate intervel is analog value from the
sensor, it is converted into the beats per minute (BPM) by formulae.
BPM = (1.0/Pulse Intervel) * 60.0 * 1000 The pulse rateintervel and the BPM are inversely proportional
to each other. If the pulse rateintervel of the child decreases then BPM increases. Pulse rate of the Child
is less than the threshold3, then device gives an notification message to the parents mobile
phone.Afternotification message an MMS is sentto mobile phone module which consists of an image
indicating the surrounding area of the child. Three throusholds are used threshold1 is 38°C for

Fig.23 Flowchart

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7.4 SMARTPHONE APP
Android App :

It will provide the user with predefined response options at just the click of a button. The user doesn't need
to memorize the specific keywords to send. Also, the bot will be preprogramed to present the user with a
set of predefined keyword options such as "LOCATION," "SNAPSHOT," "SOS," etc. Whereas for the
future aspect of this wearable device based on what type sensor is added to it, additional specific
keywords could be added such as, "HUMIDITY," "ALTITUDE," etc.

For surveillance of the child's surroundings, to get a clearer picture of the location, this wearable can also
contain a camera module incorporated in it. The hardware that could be used would be a adafruit TTL
serial camera. Since the major focus of this wearable project is the GSM module which is a better
alternative than Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee due to the short range and connectivity issues of these
technologies. Therefore, for this project using the GSM technologies is beneficial as the cellular range is
vast and since all the communication between the wearable and the user is taking place via SMS, therefore
no internet connectivity is required at all. But, still, the Arduino

GSM shield possess the added advantage of using GPRS which enables the board to use the internet if
required. Whereas for the camera module which supports video streaming but due to the constraint of
trying to use only sms, therefore only four wire connections will be taking place. The red and black wires
will be connected directly to +5V and GND respectively to the Arduino uno board. Whereas for the RX
pin which will be used for sending data via arduino uno and arduino gsm board and for the TX pin which
will be utilized for receiving incoming data via from the modules. The lOK resistor divider, the camera's
serial data pins are 3.3v logic, and it would be a good idea to divide the 5V down so that its 2.5V.
Normally the output from the digital 0 pin is 5V high, the way we connected the resistors is so the camera
input (white wire) never goes above 3.3V. To talk to the camera, the Arduino uno will be using two digital
pins and a software serial port to talk to the camera. Since the camera or the Arduino Uno do not have
enough onboard memory to save snapshots clicked and store it temporarily, therefore an external storage
source microSD breakout board will be used to save the images temporarily. The camera works on a
standard baud rate of 38400 baud. The camera will be collecting information in the same manner as the
GPS module. It will be on standby conserving power waiting for the particular keyword

"SNAPSHOT" to be sent from the user's smartphone to the GSM shield will activate the camera to start
clicking a

snapshot of the surrounding and save the file temporarily on the external microSD card. After which
Arduino Uno will access the saved image from the microSD storage and transfer it to the GSM module
which send it to the user via SMS/MMS text.

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8. CONCLUSIONS

This paper surveys various papers related to an IOT based safety wearable device that helps the parents
or guardians to monitor the safety of their ward or children. The main aim is to provide an effective and
convenient solution to the parents or guardians to keep track of their child’s safety and in turn to reduce
the increased occurrence of crime against missing children.
The paper compares the methodologies and the results gained from all of these papers. The Safety
wearable device consists of various IOT sensors that provide information about parameters like
temperature, UV, location etc. and the values recorded by these sensors are stored on the cloud. In
summary, the parents or guardians will be alerted if abnormal values are read by the sensor or if values on
these sensors cross a given threshold value, alerting them that the child could be in danger. This helps the
parents to locate and monitor their child’s safety.
The future work would be to further develop and implement the safety wearable device so that it could be
sown into a fabric(clothes) that could be worn, using synthetic fibres again for which we will refer the
papers that were surveyed on this paper.
This research demonstrates Smart IoT device for child safety and tracking helping the parents to locate
and monitor their children. If any abnormal values are read by the sensor then an SMS is sent to the
parents mobile and an MMS indicating an image captured by the serial camera is also sent. The future
scope of the work is to implement the IoT device which ensures the complete solution for child safety
problems

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9. REFERENCES

[1]. Smart IOT Device for Child Safety and Tracking: M Nandini Priyanka, S Murugan, K N H Srinivas,
T D S Sarveswararao, E Kusuma Kumari, " Smart IOT Device for Child Safety and Tracking",
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075,
Volume-8 Issue-8 June, 2019.

[2]. Child Guard: A Child-Safety Monitoring System: Z. Gao, H. Guo, Y. Xie, Y. Luo, H. Lu and K. Yan,
"ChildGuard: A Child-Safety Monitoring System," in IEEE MultiMedia, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 48-57,
October-December 2017. DOI: 10.1109/MMUL.2017.4031309
[3]. Pervasive and Personalized Ambient Parameters Monitoring: A Wearable, Modular, and Configurable
Watch: M. Haghi, R. Stoll and K. Thurow, "Pervasive and Personalized Ambient Parameters Monitoring:
A Wearable, Modular and Configurable Watch," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 20126-20143, 2019.
DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2897845

[4]. WE-Safe: A Self-Powered Wearable IoT Sensor Network for Safety Applications Based on LoRa: F.
Wu, J. Redouté and M. R. Yuce, "WE-Safe: A SelfPowered Wearable IoT Sensor Network for Safety
Applications Based on LoRa," in IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 40846-40853, 2018. DOI:
10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2859383

[5]. An IoT-Enabled Stroke Rehabilitation System Based on Smart Wearable Armband and Machine
Learning: G. Yang et al., "An IoT-Enabled Stroke Rehabilitation System Based on Smart Wearable
Armband and Machine Learning," in IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine,
vol. 6, pp. 1-10, 2018, Art no. 2100510. DOI: 10.1109/JTEHM.2018.2822681

[6]. A Benchmark Database and Baseline Evaluation for Fall Detection Based on Wearable Sensors for
the Internet of Medical Things Platform: Z. Liu, Y. Cao, L. Cui, J. Song and G. Zhao, "A Benchmark
Database and Baseline Evaluation for Fall Detection Based on Wearable Sensors for the Internet of
Medical Things Platform," in IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 51286-51296, 2018. DOI:
10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2869833

[7]. Design and Implementation of a Drowsiness -FatigueDetection System Based on Wearable Smart
Glasses to Increase Road Safety: Wan-Jung Chang, " Design and Implementation of a Drowsiness -
FatigueDetection System Based on Wearable Smart Glasses to Increase Road Safety, " DOI
10.1109/TCE.2018.2872162, IEEE, 2018

[8]. Distributed UV Light Sensor Probe Based on PhotoResponsive Polymer Coated Optical Fiber: T.
Ahn, G. Seo and O. Lim, "Distributed UV Light Sensor Probe Based on Photo-Responsive Polymer
Coated Optical Fiber," in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 987-989, 15 June15,
2019. DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2019.2915962

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[9]. Ultrasensitive Temperature Sensor with Cascaded Fiber Optic Fabry–Perot Interferometers Based on
Vernier Effect: J. Zhang et al., "Ultrasensitive Temperature Sensor With Cascaded Fiber Optic Fabry–
Perot Interferometers Based on Vernier Effect," in IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1-11, Oct.
2018, Art no. 6803411. DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2018.2865449

[10]. Child Safety Wearable Device: Gopinadh Jonnadula, Bhanu Prasad Davu, Hari Kishore Kandula,
Vinod Donepudi, Sivaiah Etukuri, ."Child Safety Wearable Device", 2018,Volume 6, Issue II,
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN :
2321- 9653, www.ijraset.com

[11]. Child Safety Wearable Device: Rajkumar, D Rajendra Prasad, " Child Safety Wearable Device",
Volume 8, Issue VII, JULY/2018 International Journal of Management, Technology And
Engineering(IJMTE) ISSN NO : 2249-7455 [12]. Child Safety Wearable Device: V. Lavanya , C.
Meenambigai , M.Suriyaa , S.Kavya , " Child Safety Wearable Device", SSRG International Journal of
Computer Science and Engineering(SSRG-IJCSE) – Special Issue Mar 2019 ISSN:2348-8387

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 List of Abbreviation

Abbrevation Illustration
WSN Wireless Sensor Networks
IOT Internet Of Things
DSRC Dedicated-short-range-communication
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
SD Card Secure digital Card
GW gateway
MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple Output
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
GPS Ground Positioning System
GO geometrical optics
UUID Universally Unique Identifier
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
BPM Beats Per Minute

List of Figures

Figure Illustration PageNo

1 System Overview of the wearable device 2
2 Block diagram of Child safety System 7
3 Output received GPS location sensor 9
4 GPS Sensor 10
6 GSM Module 11

7 Temperature Sensor 12

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8 Buzzer 13

9 SOS Light Sensor 14

10 Viberation Sensor 15

11 MEMS Sensor 15
12 Node MCU 16
13 Battery 17
14 Block Diagram 19
15 Circuit Diagram 20

16 Architecture Diagram 21

17 Block Diagram 21

18 System Graph of Wearable Sensor 22

19 Stroke Restoration Framework 23
20 Schematic Diagram of UV Sensor Probe 24

21 Screenshot Google maps 27

22 SMS app screen for UV and Temperature sensor 28
23 SMS app screen for Left: SOS Light and Right: Distress 29
alarm buzzer.
24 Flowchart 32

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