uy frente 14 He ng en W 7 ppblnad dsr the elo loge open Jpemost important ofthe are 0 Se quans, generic aia eo nnatcaus oy vanrent "DS WA ie sng stew gs eayat gene He" tate, Bd, 87 acum in atit of ws CHAPTER 15 BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION Muierosrical and geoguaphicat HeG07 33 of years of evolution ta fethisrich fa wouith eUrOP™ {fan allen from a distant galaxy were to vist our planet #50088 are pow al emrnmental sous of ntematonal once, rt ‘Earth, the ret thing that would amaze and bafte hie ® OF and more people around the world begin o realise the efteal su mos rot be omous deny oe PR LHethey ror nanan gon ent thathe would encounter Even fr mans, the rich variety n 15.1.1 How Many Species are there on Earth and How Many oft organisms with which they share this plane never 19-11 How Man ERENT | arionot ve that [there are more than Since there ae published recor ofallthe specs dscovéedand named, «inion o4 cons - OF inallhave beenecordedsofar butitienot NO‘UACGL sLeLoctyCel how many speces there are on earth. 15.2 Bindwersity Conservation amex ; + > gecause in opie! wy anea mone endmec "species and more hotspot are there meee an me ett fet ey efocty f derty cs ruc es? eraRVOIUtON How do humans Beneft from the dwersty of ye? horse» Donk the temperate-tropial species Se nema ome aa Tan exhaustively studied group fnsets ad extrapolate this cae eee creo Sects " tive and scientifically 15.1 Bropwersrrypese eoaiting specie are ound in. le | thetnventory ofthe bologial wealth of our | trained manpower (taxonomists) and the Job. The situation appears mor able to complete Consider theimmense » Rhode dendHon 6 e equired tocomplete the pinx aoiour glowe | found in Hienalga- ~ arse + sornenoco fr. nig Hrungi> verrenrate * rangi Prlshes weds | 15.1.2 Patterns of Biodiversity, Lee | = tudinal gradients: The divers 0 ‘natunifarm throughout the gare 18.1. Representing doba boiverty,proportonae munter ‘iso major tsa of planta erie a easWy wiegon of Biosphere reserve which Is 4) leqany prorected and no humGN — sovooy BE SS wFaiue of regression eD-ec4vOIene Hes colen Area exprored: Shura me mayo phic Sab const: ho gauea Species richness —r igure 15.2 Showing species area relationship. [Note that on log scale the relationship becomes linear PONTAB Cao gorett) Hsin calor musi New Yrs [ ASSAM Cony porate What do steeper slopes mean in this context? @) ae srobilit 15.1.3 The importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosys decusase fa extinerione ODIVERSIT AND CONSERVATION a, plane becomes (woe "Ne varcavion!) tess variavien equnct? Would Western, lost fe gene poo! cor! decueases Tk, extinction f enene and very imp - Tah vel lo remoned may also be ertleal. Loss of vets on the wings ° R/vera—> 20.0018 species that drive aLSEERSSLSRTNHGNS) is obviously amore * Rivers on colnet serious threat to flight safety than Joss of afew rivets on the seats or, ‘ PE taniples oy KEYEONE ? ‘windawe inside the plane. oheraiee SB antemtican Auuigaton: 15.1.4 Loss of Biodiversity > 0a. eraue ‘While itis doubtful fany new species are being addled (Uhrough speciation) —> T 4 Into the earths treasury of species, theres no doubt about their continuing ‘our planet has been dec! rapidly ‘The kan trone spect > uniting Bis) preat pac: Feat akon airds extinctvw ) ea, nome no como ‘ 4 cs S se SSSR pu ae bP oetminate. ott oak eres Ofanreor quar Co eeeed. occupied 3S Span ausar anal} cl arurscerng mand Neb populations around the world are over harvest emda istence of some commerealy important + Gq nunoeperns = £4° wlnesang have also happen the scene, During thelong peri Sbilienyears]nce diversification there were ive episodes o Sn erating reset Rhusth of oniestiea pr colae ees feoarest newanieh (EChch. such as drought > ower resistance — suchas plant Bee pecheswauresionat eueriat pr Todusrnian Mavenial 4 rece EY Sige Ty FOR CONSERVING 5 “There are many reasons, some obvious and others not 90 They can be grouped into three uy 3 |r geen 14 per cent of rain forests now cover no more th destroyed fast. By the time you a : . 7 ata Groover SITY fngustrial nd a fpas x peanage are) var of soyob Danse sou currently sold in the market workdwide are neat Ye | Sore as conttetoelgsonal edines used by nave . nowit at Fee eat tata woe meal Ea =: = 9 A a ae eatng ete cp ca et Teast Pienmenecine : }__ > gropiveRsiTY fast pays A TMP. ROE water @psicer See coco © PM ERE © onto”oscey | POPMOEY Ho core v Y f « — N eSSeea photons “aguas ena cou uaen, Can we put an esqncele value on this service by nature? You can gq Rieeilintision some lea by fining out how much your nighburhood hospi spas oe aes on seiner of omen, Pina wien lane cee tus frults or seca WES ana. [Potinators tayer= bees, bumblebees, birds and bats 5 eaaoo a eosis of accomplishing patlmation without Melp sonra, Polinators?There are other ntanghle benef Breunaare contro) hat thick wood vatching ob pair conte ie lowers in full bloom or waking up to a bulbul's songjin the ‘Can we tag on such things? The ethleal argu need to realise that every ‘species thas an intrinsic value, even Ifit may not be of current oral duty to care for thelr we =, sand pass on our biological legacy in god order to future general 15.2.2 How do we conserve Biodivers Frotspor ~» paroreceed 2 Beosieselty C5 “when we conserve an protect the whole ecosystem: ts biodiverst En Oy, SstaeSsd Werte enc rt tse geT cred eee rudeioheatl s roovt SGecve 0s tuner ae eae 8 Srecve Poe vhere an animal opal comet narionas © Fret Sete Se gurseat measures to saveit om extinction u pom is thedesirableapproach, » 3A nlafUYOL cummoUn ding {In situ conservation=Faccd with the cantlct between devclopmieat ana Thermus aguaricas Msituconsery economeatly not F gird costhatCR <= satus tod ‘ iat \servation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits. In s te emanad? COnSEFVE all their biological wealth. Invariably. the number of species COM! 5 not TOMat PAs cor “Waiting to be saved from extinction &* exceeds the conservation resources: elowaup, te Wore . + sndia- available Ona global basis, this wRarvonat pauc: r : Crom worn Eo i t + canine. EQUNO: oe «and ‘sroandpleniacaite pmmanistusigioosecataimahss set ¥ ¢ of ferent genet strains of commercially important plans ean be kept Aeeae —forlong periods seed banks, ‘J Bioaprente Retorue: a concen? coos tacanch| These hotspot in tare by MAB ie econ & efosprere Ret - [Hi Tao countries Vag picdged. Achieve HLL 2 a a ae © suuer zone: -surrourd core) “Gcvive coreperarion of 1ocate: eA Y Ppeig rer rersont sverisec ii ecries opted rindauny, Eero ractieer Pocraadn reread