VINYLIC

HALIDE
X
ARYL
HALIDE
BENZYLIC
HALOALKANE AND HALOARENE Soluble In
X HALIDE organic
CH2 – X
solvent
HALOALKANE, ALLYLIC PROPERTIES
REACTIVITY ORDER
X R-X HALIDE OF
HALOALKANES R-I > R-Br >
X
PHYSICAL R-Cl > R-F
Compounds containing
Sp2 C-X bond Compounds containing
PROPERTIES
Sp3 C-X bond
ORDER OF M.P.
AND B.P. IS POLARITY ORDER
CLASSIFICATION PROPERTIES R-I > RBr > RF > RCl >
NATURE OF OF RCl > RF RBr > R-I
MONOHALALKANE C-X BOND HALOARENES
EG. CH3X B.P. α size of
aryl group HALOARENES
DIHALOALKANE ON THE BASIS δ+ δ–
M.P. OF NUCLEOPHILIC
OF NUMBER OF C–X
EG. CH2X2 SUBSTITUTION
HALOGEN ATOMS Where X = Cl, Br, F, I ORDER OF B.P. p-ISOMER >
 O-ISOMER AND REACTION
TRIHALOALKANE size of Halogen α C-X Bond m-ISOMER
Length Ar-I > Ar-Br >
EG. CHX3 Ar-Cl > Ar-F
Stablization of
molecule by
CHEMICAL Instability of delacalization
METHODS OF PREPARATIONS PROPERTIES phenyl cation of electron
Less reactive
than alkyl
PREPARATION OF Halide ELECTROPHILIC
HALOARENES SUBSTITUTION
PREPARATIONS OF REACTION
HALOALKANE HALOGEN EXCHANGE From amines
ELIMINATION METHOD
By sandmeyer's reaction Haloarene are
Finkelstein reaction NH2 β- Elimination ortho and para-directing
FORM ALCOHOLS e.g. Halogenation
ZnCl2 R – X + Nal → R – I + NaX + NaNO2 + HX H
R – OH + HCl R – Cl + H2O HALOALKANES β α
Sulphonation


Base 
SWARTS REACTION
From Hydrocarbon  C  C  →    + BH + X–



R – OH + PCl5 R – Cl + POCl3 + HCl


H3C–Br + AgF → AgBr + H3C–F
By Electrophilic Substitution 273-278 K X WURTZ FITTIG
R – OH + SOCl2 R – Cl + SO2+ HCl CH3
REACTION
+ X2 NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
N2+ X −
REACTION
SAYTZEFF RULE X R

FROM HYDROCARBON FROM ALKENE Preferred product is the alkene

+ Na + R–X
Ether
Fe which has greater no. of Alkyl
dark group attached to it.
Benzene Diazonium Salt

CH3
Addition of Addition of SN1 REACTION
Hydrogen Halide Halogens SN2 REACTION
X Cu2X2
FITTIG
– –
H H Nu + —C—X — C — Nu + X
From Alkane By free Radical (o-halotoluene) • Rate = k [Rx][Nu-] REACTION



C=C + HX



Halogenation C=C + Br2 + • Inversion of Configuration takes place

H H • Reactivity of Halides: 1°>2°>3°
←


X



CH3
Cl2 X • Rate = k [RX]
←

CH4 CH3Cl + CH2Cl2 + CHCl3 + Cl4

 


CCl4 • Follows First order Kinetics. 2 + 2Na

C=C
ether
H
hν + N2 Nu +
H
Cl
–δ
Nu
–δ
Cl Nu — C
H
H + Cl–
• Reactivity order of Alkyl Halide:




H H

Br – CH2 – CH2 –Br

H H
+ 2Nax
3° (halide) > 2° (halide) > 1° (halide) H

H X X
(p-halotoluene)
Where X = Cl, Br

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001