Course Number: PA 212

Course Title: Introduction to Organization & Management

Course Description:

This course introduces the students into the field of Organization and Management, initially into the
nature of organizations and the process of management. It delves into the theoretical foundations of the
field, the details of the management functions as well as an orientation into management innovations &
change in response to trans-boundary concerns such as managing common resources as well as crisis
such as a pandemic.

Course Requirements:

1. Final Exam -30%

2. Oral and written report -30%
3. Term paper/case analysis -20%
4. Class participation and attendance -20%

Course Outline:
1. Introduction to O & M
1.1 Organizations and Management: Definition, Nature , Typology, levels
1.2 Functions of Management
1.3 Competencies, moral obligations of public managers in a crisis
1.4 Environment in crisis and trans-boundary crisis
2. Evolution of O & M Theories
2.1 Traditional Theories – Scientific management, Administrative science, and Bureaucratic
Management
2.2 Human Relations – Industrial psychology, the Hawthorne Experiments, Behavioral,
Motivation, and Leadership
2.3 Modern View – Systems Approach, Contingency theory, and Peter Senge’s Systems thinking,
collaborative systems, networks
3. Planning
3.1 Nature & Overview - Steps in planning, Strategic and
Operational planning
3.2 Objectives – nature, Key result areas, How to set objectives
3.3 Strategies, Policies, and Planning Premises – Nature & purpose of strategies and policies,
Strategic planning process, Techniques in determining strategies (SWOT Analysis or TOWS
Matrix Analysis), Matching structure and strategy, Premising
And Forecasting
4. Organizing
4.1 Meaning, structure and process of organizing
4.2 Types of organizational structures
4.3 Span of management and creating departments or teams

4.4 Authority & Power – meanings, line & staff, functional authority, delegation of authority
4.5 Organizational culture
4.6 Organizing, coordinating, and collaborating for crisis response
5. Staffing
5.1 Staffing Process in organizations
5.2 Recruitment ( job description, position description, job specification, Civil Service Commission
Recruitment policies process and rules) and selection ( Steps, position requirements & job
design, Matching qualifications with jobRequirements, CSC selection process & rules, Selection
techniques & tools); Recruiting for COVID-19 response
5.3 Performance Appraisal & Evaluation ( techniques & tools, Kinds of Appraisal/Performance
Review, Government appraisal system); training & development
5.4 Promotions, Transfer, demotions, and Separation – Meanings, CSC policies, rules and
Regulations
6. Leading
6.1 Meaning and Human factors in leading & motivating
6.2 Motivation theories – Theory X & Theory Y, Hierarchy of needs, reinforcement, Motivation
– hygiene, Expectancy theory, Need for Achievement theory, Equity theory, Special
motivational techniques
6.3 Leadership process– Definition, Approaches (Trait, behavioral, and situational), Basic
Leadership Styles based in use of authority
6.4 Leadership theories – Trait theories, Behavioral theories (Managerial grid, Ohio State Univ
Leadership theory), and Situational leadership theories (Continuum of Leader
Behavior, Fiedler’s contingency, Hersey & Blanchard Situational Leadership theory),
Others (Transformational, Servant leadership, relational, Public leadership in a crisis) 6.5
Communication – Purpose, communication process, Organizational communication (Flow,
Types, barriers, Use of IT & Social media, Improving communication at work
7. Controlling
7.1 Meaning of control and Steps in controlling
7.2 Designing control systems –Standards, Identifying KRAs, Identifying strategic control points,
Control as feedback, Feedforward Control, use of IT in COVID- 19 response (apps) 8. Management
Approaches & Techniques
8.1 Management Approaches: Characteristics & uses - MBO, OD, TQM
8.2 Management techniques: Characteristics, uses, and steps - Ex Ante, on-going, and Ex Post
9. Management of Change and Innovations
9.1 Techniques in initiating change and managing conflict
9.2 Crisis management, and structural innovations for transboundary crisis and disasters 9.3
Managing, Coordinating and Collaborating for Trans-boundary Crisis such as COVID-19

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