1

▪ Nutritional Requirements of Microorganisms

▪ Their Nutritional Groups
▪ Transport of nutrients
▪ Media for bacterial growth

2
3
▪ Can be divided into:

▪ Chemical requirements
1. Macronutrients
2. Micronutrients

▪ Physical requirements
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Osmotic pressure

4
Chemical requirements

5
Chemical requirements

6
Chemical requirements

7
Chemical requirements

8
Chemical requirements

9
 Chemical requirements

10

Photoheterotrophs are heterotrophic phototrophs – that is, they are

organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their
sole carbon source.
Chemical requirements

11
 Chemical requirements

12

Consume organic molecules for both a source of carbon and of energy.

 Chemical requirements

13

Lithoheterotrophic bacteria can only use inorganic molecules as

substrates in their energy-releasing reactions.
Chemical requirements

14
Chemical requirements

15
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Osmotic pressure

16
Physical Requirements

17
Physical Requirements

18
Physical Requirements

19
Physical Requirements

20
Physical Requirements

21
Physical Requirements

22
Physical Requirements

23
Physical Requirements

24
Physical Requirements

25
Physical Requirements

26
 Physical Requirements
Osmotic pressure
▪ Pressure that needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the
inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
▪ the pressure necessary to nullify osmosis.
▪ Microbes are 80-90% water
▪ Adding solutes to solution can reduce the presence of microbes

27
 Osmotic pressure

▪ Osmotolerant bacteria (Osmophiles)

▪ Microbes able to tolerate an environment of high osmotic
concentration.
▪ E.g. Staphylococcus aureus

▪ Halophiles bacteria
▪ "salt-loving", are extremophiles that thrive in high salt
concentrations. E.g. halobacterium

28
29
30
31
32
33
 Active Transport
▪ Movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower conc.
to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient.
▪ Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.

34
35
 Simple diffusion
▪ Process by which solutes are moved along a concentration gradient in a
solution or across a semipermeable membrane.
▪ It is carried out by the actions of hydrogen bonds forming between water
molecules and solutes

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44