Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Business Marketing
Dr. P Prasannavadanan Thampi
References:
i) Anderson, et al, Business Market Management (b2b) , 1 ed. (2011)
ii) Brennan et al, Business‐To‐Business Marketing (2 ed.)
iii) Kotler , et al, Principles of Marketing: A South Asian Perspective, 13 ed. (2010)
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Understanding Business Markets
• Business markets are firms, institutions or
governments
• that acquire goods and services either for their own use
(OR/AND)
• to incorporate into the products or services that they
produce
(OR/AND)
• for resale along with other products and services to
other firms, institutions or governments
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Business vs. Consumer Markets
• Customers in business markets predominantly
focus on functionality or performance ‐ the overall
value of the transaction.
• Customers in consumer markets predominantly
focus on aesthetics or taste or other personal
preferences and need hierarchy: need, want or
demand.
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Technology Products & Services
in Business Markets
• There are huge business opportunities in marketing
technology products and services to Manufacturing,
Information and Communications Technology,
Institutional Businesses and the Services Industries.
• B2B Technology marketing is characterized by
extended, high value‐centric stakeholder relationships
in an increasingly competitive and emerging business
domain.
• Technology products include high tech machinery,
process management and surveillant systems,
computers and communications hardware,
multilayered and complex software products and
services.
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Types of Business Buyers
• Producers of Goods
• Services Business
• Banking, Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI) sector
• Professional Services such as Engineering, Communications,
Computer Software Development, Consulting
• Medical Services
• Construction Industry
• Wholesale and Retail Trade, Super/Hyper Markets
• Hospitality Industry
• Oher Consumer services
• Resellers/Dealers
• Public & Governmental Institutions
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Business Marketing Processes
Crafting
Sensing the Managing
Products &
Market Customer
Services for the
Dynamics Relationships
given market
Sustaining
Partnerships
Understanding
Understanding Creating Delivering
Potential
value value value
Customers
Source: Anderson, et al, Business Market Management (b2b) , 1 ed. (2011)
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Value in Business Markets
• Value in business markets is the worth in monetary
terms of the economic, technical, service, and
social benefits a customer firm receives in exchange
for the price it pays for a market offering
• Value of a given market offering can vary by market
segment and customer characteristics
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Major Types of Buying Situation
• Straight re‐buy
• A routine purchase decision such as re‐order without
any modification
• Modified re‐buy
• A purchase decision that requires some research where
the buyer wants to modify the product specification,
price, terms, or suppliers
• New buy
• A purchase decision that requires thorough research
such as a new product
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Business Buying Highlights
• How business buyers determine
• which products and services are needed to be
purchased, and then
• find, evaluate, and choose among alternative brands
• More decision participants
• More professional purchasing effort
• Supplier development
• The systematic development of networks of supplier‐
partners to ensure an appropriate and dependable
supply of products and materials that they will resell or
use in making their own products
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Business Buying Centre
• Buying centre consists of the individuals and units
that participate in the business decision‐ making
process
• Buying centre provides a few challenges:
• Who participates in the process and their relative
authority
• What evaluation criteria each participant uses
• Informal participants
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Participants in the Buying Process
• Buying centre consists of the individuals and units that
participate in the business decision‐ making process
• Users:
• will use the product or service
• Influencers:
• help define specifications and provide information for evaluating
alternatives
• Buyers:
• have formal authority to select the supplier and arrange terms of
purchase
• Deciders:
• have formal or informal power to select and approve final
suppliers
• Gatekeepers:
• controls the flow of information
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Buyer Behaviour: major influences
Source: Kotler et al, Principles of Marketing: A South Asian Perspective, 13 ed. (2010)
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Business Buying Processes
Source: Kotler et al, Principles of Marketing: A South Asian Perspective, 13 ed. (2010)
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Business Buying Processes
Problem Recognition
• Problem Recognition occurs when someone in the
company recognizes a problem or need
• Internal stimuli
• Need for new product or production equipment
• External stimuli
• Idea from a trade show or advertising
• Result of a business process consulting by an external agency
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Business Buying Processes
Product Selection & Finalization
• General need description
• describes the characteristics and quantity of the needed
item
• Product specification
• describes the technical criteria
• Value analysis
• an approach to cost reduction where components are
studied to determine if they can be redesigned,
standardized, or made with less costly methods of
production
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Business Buying Processes
Supplier Selection
• Supplier search:
• involves compiling a list of qualified suppliers
• Proposal solicitation:
• the process of requesting proposals from qualified
suppliers
• Final selection:
• the process when the buying centre creates a list of
desired supplier attributes and negotiates with
preferred suppliers for favourable terms and conditions
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Business Buying Processes
Order Specs & Performance Review
• Order‐routine specifications:
• the final order with the chosen supplier and lists all of
the specifications and terms of the purchase
• Performance review:
• involves a critique of supplier performance to the
purchase terms
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Business Buying Processes
Order Procurement ...
• E‐Procurement
• Online purchasing: Company Sites/Portals
• Advantages
• Access to new suppliers
• Lowers costs
• Speeds order processing and delivery
• Shares information
• Sales
• Service and support
• Disadvantages
• Can erode relationships as buyers search for new suppliers
• Security
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