6

Workbook

Gita Nath

New Delhi • Mumbai • Chennai • Kolkata • Bengaluru • Hyderabad • Kochi • Guwahati

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 Preface
As an internationally accepted language, English plays a central role in shaping the
careers and lives of young people worldwide. For Indians, English is not only a window
to the world, but a bridge between the languages and cultures at home. It carries the
images of progress and modernity, and is a synonym for success in the globalized world.
Consequently, there is tremendous demand for quality English education.
In order to understand, interpret and respond effectively to a fast-changing world,
learners require applied practice and the best-available language-learning tools.
In Real English, learners and facilitators will find a systematic exposition of language
concepts and thorough practice for each language skill, with focus on the larger goal of
language-enabling.
The workbook reinforces the concepts learnt in the coursebook through extra
exercises. It is guided by the twin objectives of ELT, language development and language
use, in its structuring and grading of exercises and activities. It provides exposure to
language in a variety of contexts with ample scope for practice.
The workbook complements the coursebook. It helps develop and reinforce concepts
of grammar, offers practice in contemporary usage, develops vocabulary and facilitates
development and honing of the skills of reasoning and interpretation of facts, figures,
tables and pictures. Its distinguishing feature is its easy accessibility to both teacher and
learner. The instructions are clear and focused. It promotes gradual learner autonomy in
learning and practising language. It also facilitates the development of cognitive skills and
encourages creativity.
Real English workbooks offer an excellent language-learning experience with
challenge and fun.
Gita Nath
 Contents
1. Present Perfect Tense 1
2. Synonyms 4
3. Professions 6
4. Chocolate! 7
5. Future Tense 10
6. Idioms 12
7. Determiners 15
8. Phrasal Verbs 18
9. Apes 20
10. Participial Adjectives 22
11. Antonyms 24
12. Articles 25
13. Homophones 27
14. How I Became a Teacher 29
15. Active and Passive Voice 31
16. Prefixes 33
17. Modal Auxiliaries 34
18. Keep Walking 36
19. Words Easily Confused 38
20. Modals: Can and Could 40
21. Suffixes 41
22. Comparative Adjectives 43
23. The Story of Gautama Buddha 44
24. Use of Adjectives 46
25. Superlative Adjectives 48
 1 Present Perfect Tense
A. Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense forms of the verbs given in
brackets.
1. I (eat) my apple.
2. They (register) for the conference.
3. He (speak) to the President.
4. They (be) neighbours for over ten years.
5. you (visit) the book fair?
6. There (be) some misunderstanding between the two friends.
7. Maya (finish) her homework.
8. The team (practise) well for the tournament.

B. There is one error in each sentence below. Underline the errors and rewrite
the sentences.
1. He have parked his car wrongly.

2. Ram, Rahim and John has left for Goa.

3. Have you took my History book?

4. Malini have visited many countries as she loves to travel.

5. Ravi and Ramya have decorate their house for the festival.

6. You have not return my novel.

7. Have you gave it to someone?

8. They has upset my little sister.

1
 C. The following sentences are in the present perfect tense. Rewrite
them as negaƟve sentences. Do not change the tense.
1. We have decided to go for the movie.

2. We have seen the Taj Mahal.

3. She has been awarded for her project on the

carbon footprint.

4. The travel agent has finalized all the reservations.

5. You have submitted your homework.

6. Mummy has baked a walnut cake.

7. Maya has cleaned her room.

8. They have arranged for the cab.

D. Make interrogaƟve sentences in the present perfect tense, so that you get
the following statements as answers.
1. They have finished their meal.

2. Ravi has sent the courier to the client.

3. You have emailed to the manager.

4. Ranjan has finished the entire cake.

5. You have been to Palampur.

2
 6. Kriti has bought five novels.

7. Ram has lost the keys of his house.

8. Vijay has been appointed the head boy of the school.

E. Read the following sentences carefully and state whether they are
interrogaƟve, negaƟve or posiƟve.
1. I have not met the President.

2. Have you finished the assignment?

3. My mother has gifted me a pup on my birthday.

4. They have deposited the registration fee.

5. My aunt has not seen the Akshardham Temple.

6. Has the team checked in at the hotel?

7. Why have you misinformed them about the incident?

8. My parents have not assisted me in this project.

9. The residents have unanimously voted for you.

10. The news about the tsunami has not been telecast by the BBC.

3
 2 Synonyms
A. Read the word groups given below. In each group circle the word which is
not synonymous with the rest.
1. grateful, thankful, awesome, obliged
2. vibrant, sad, unhappy, depressed
3. pleasant, appealing, political, cheerful
4. dynamic, versatile, creative, laggard
5. hid, concealed, despair, masked
6. focus, avoid, overlook, ignore

B. Look up in a dicƟonary and Įnd two synonyms for the words listed below.
1. actual
2. choose
3. constant
4. friend
5. intelligent
6. passion

C. Look at the jumbled words given below. This exercise will be done in two
steps. Step 1: Unscramble the leƩers to form meaningful words. Step 2: Pair
them synonym-wise.
Step One:
1. AELP
2. ENRRPAT
3. FSTEOR
4. LULD
5. DARAZH
6. DROUP
7. MADAEG
8. ETAM
9. GLUNEJ

4
 10. READNG
11. HYGTHUA
12. RHAM
Step Two:
1. pale
2. partner
3. forest
4. hazard
5. proud
6. damage

D. Solve the following crossword based on word meaning.

10

1 5

Across 4
Down
1. scarlet (3) 5. costly (9)
2. blow out in clouds (4) 6. very religious (5)
3. very impressive (11) 9. continuing always (8)
4. fame (6) 10. piece of land surrounded
7. member of a ship’s crew (6) by water (6)
8. what happens to someone in the future (7)

5
 3 Professions
A. Fill in the professions based on the clues provided.
1. An is one who puts braces in
crooked teeth.
2. A is one who specializes in surgery.
3. A is one who plays the guitar.
4. A is one who fixes leaking pipes and
taps.
5. A is one who treats animals.
6. A is one who helps you with bank-
related operations.
7. A is one who receives visitors and
guests at an office or a hotel.
8. A is one who counsels others on
their food habits.

B. Unscramble the following words to Įnd out the names of people who do
some parƟcular jobs.
1. MISTERNI
2. STOFLIR
3. CIANITPO
4. NGIK
5. ISCHTME
6. RECRIKCTE
7. ERRBBA
8. DNOCUCTOR
9. FEORSSPRO
10. ERILDSO

6
 4 Chocolate!
Don’t we all love chocolates? Chocolate ice
creams, chocolate cakes, chocolate sauces,
drinks and chocolate bars of various types –
chocolates come in all shapes, sizes and
forms. Chocolates make excellent presents.
If one is not able to decide on a gift for
one’s mother, father, sister, brother or friend,
buying chocolates is the best solution. They
will love you more for the present. In India
chocolates are now replacing even the
traditional sweetmeats on occasions like
Raksha Bandhan and Diwali as they have a
longer shelf life.
We should stop feeling guilty about
eating chocolates with relish. Several recent
studies by doctors show that chocolates
have a good impact on health. The dark
variety contains antioxidants. Someone who
is feeling sad or depressed feels better after
consuming chocolate. Some cardiologists
have confirmed that chocolates are beneficial
for the heart too. Beauty experts all around
the world are waking up to its benefits for
the skin. Today there are chocolate spas,
facials, and several other chocolate-based
beauty products.
The oldest records indicate that
chocolates date back to somewhere around
1500–2000 bce. Cocoa beans grow on Cacao
trees in Central America. The high rainfall
and high temperatures with immense
humidity in this area make it an ideal
condition for the cultivation of Cacao trees.
The Mayans, who lived in Central America,
regarded the Cacao tree as divine and
worshipped it. They consumed chocolate in
a manner which is totally different from the
way we do, today. Cacao seeds were roasted
and pounded, with maize and peppers, to
brew a spicy, bitter-sweet drink. The drink
was served in ceremonies or in the homes of
the wealthy and the religious elite.
The Cacao beans were treasured even by
the Aztecs of Central Mexico. The Cacao
beans were an important component of their
trade. They would even return with Cacao
beans as the spoils of war. Cacao beans were
also used as currency by them. The Aztecs
used Cacao beans to brew a drink, which
they called, ‘xocolat’. This was fairly similar
to the drink consumed by the Mayans. The
term, ‘xocolat’ was corrupted to ‘chocolat’
by the Spanish, and it was later changed to
‘chocolate’ as we know it today by the English.
The Europeans added sugar and vanilla
to chocolate to offset its bitterness. It was
in Spain that the first chocolate factories
were set up with the view to manufacture
chocolate commercially. It was again in
Spain that chocolate powder was first
7
 made. This was very similar to the drinking
chocolate powder that we use today. It was
exported to the other countries in Europe.
In no time this chocolate drink gained
popularity throughout the continent. In
1520, this delicious drink reached Europe.
However, it was only in the year 1657
that the first chocolate house was opened, in
London, England. Its popularity led to the
opening of similar chocolate houses. Since
cocoa was very expensive, the houses became
elite clubs, where wealthy businessmen
assembled to conduct business and socialize
over a cup of chocolate.
Chocolate returned to America along
with the English settlers. Despite the long
journey and changes in its form, it continued
to be a hot favourite of Americans of every
age. Till date, hot chocolate is one of the
preferred drinks of the Americans.
In 1847, Fry & Sons of Bristol (England)
put together sugar, cocoa powder and cocoa
butter to produce the first chocolate bar.
The first milk chocolate, which was made in
1875 by Daniel Peter, a Swiss manufacturer,
included powder milk along with the rest
of the ingredients. Today, chocolate is made
across the globe and is available in white,
semi-dark and bitter varieties. Things like
nuts, caramel and even liquor are added
to chocolates to offer great variety to suit
different tastes.

Comprehension
A1. Choose the correct answer.
1. Chocolate has been known to human beings
a) for the last few centuries.
b) from 1500–2000 bce.
c) since 1520.
2. Chocolate originated in
a) Brazil.
b) Central America.
c) Spain.
3. Today chocolate manufacturing happens
a) only in America.
b) only in England.
c) in most countries of the world.
4. Chocolate was
a) not always in the solid form.
b) not always a confectionery item.
c) both of the above.
8
 5. Chocolates make good gifts on
a) birthdays.
b) almost all celebrations.
c) declaration of children’s good results.

A2. State whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Chocolate has always been sweet.
2. The Aztecs used Cacao beans as currency.
3. Chocolate drink was at one time regarded elitist and exclusive.
4. An American baker was the first one to use cocoa butter.
5. Chocolates are manufactured only in the dark variety.

A3. Answer the following quesƟons.

1. What does the writer have to say about the benefits of chocolate?
2. What are the factors that make Central American rainforests conducive to the
growth of the Cacao tree?
3. How was chocolate initially consumed?

A4. Write the meanings of the following words with the help of a dicƟonary.
1. pounded
2. depressed
3. corrupted
4. extract

9
 5 Future Tense
A. Fill in the summary and see how Sujan will celebrate his mother’s birthday.
I am going to keep it a surprise. Mummy
not know anything about the party. I
ring up all her friends and tell them to keep it a
secret. I am order a chocolate truffle
cake. I also order some snacks. I am
pretend as if it is an ordinary day.
I take daddy’s help and buy
a watch that she liked in the showroom. I am
get my cousins to help me in decorating the terrace. I
instruct one of my cousins to give me a call once they are ready with all the
arrangements. I then take my mother to the terrace on some pretext.
I can imagine how mummy is react when she sees her friends and
all the party arrangements.

B. Rewrite the following sentences in the simple future tense.

1. I visited an old-age home.

2. I found out all about the old-age home from my friends.

3. I took some of my friends along with me.

4. I collected some games and CDs of old movie songs.

5. We prepared some snacks and baked a cake.

6. We carried them to the old-age home.

7. The inmates were very happy to spend time with us.

8. It was a memorable experience.

10
C. Several words/phrases were missed out by Sagar when he was wriƟng his
diary. Help him by Įlling in the missing words/phrases.
1. I am to get up at five in the morning.
2. After freshening up, I am to get into my
tracksuit and joggers.
3. Then I meet Vaibhav near our society gate.
4. We have decided that we are improve our
stamina before the marathon.
5. We are to run for 5-7 km every morning.
6. Then we go to the park and do some stretches.
7. We are avoid junk food.
8. Both of us are confident that we certainly be
among the top three.
9. Both of us have decided that we are invest in health from now
onwards.
10. We are take our health more seriously.

D. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct tense forms of the verbs.
1. I bought a new DVD player tomorrow.

2. They have been booking my ticket for the show next week.

3. May there be an inspection tomorrow?

4. Scientists say that the sun has turned into a

black hole after several million years.

11
 6 Idioms
A. Some commonly used idioms have been given in the box. Use them
appropriately in the incomplete sentences given below.

on cloud nine a piece of cake in the same boat

through thick and thin in good shape sitting on the fence
once in a blue moon crying wolf

1. No one believes what he says for he is in the habit of .

2. All my friends have become so busy that now we only meet .
3. My son was when he stood first
in his college.
4. My granny is over ninety years but she is
, by God’s grace.
5. Getting a role in the film was for
him as he is such a good actor.
6. I have five very good friends and we always stand
together .
7. My elder sister is regarding her career.
8. All the residents were , as there was a complete power
failure in the complex.

B. The following sentences make use of idiomaƟc expressions. Rewrite

the sentences without using the idioms, in such a way that the meaning
remains the same. One is done for you as an example.
1. I am going against the clock as my car developed a problem in the morning.
I am extremely short of time as my car developed a problem in the morning.
2. I am the apple of my grandfather’s eye; therefore he will always fulfil my wishes.

3. No one likes Manav because he picks a fight with everyone at the drop of a hat.

4. My missing the train proved to be a blessing in disguise, as the train got derailed.

12
 5. The Khannas are finding it difficult even to earn their bread and butter after they
suffered a loss in their business.

6. I have been under the weather for a while as excessive humidity does not suit me.

7. The students kept their fingers crossed before they got their report cards.

8. Today the politicians’ mumbo jumbo has no takers for they have lost people’s faith.

C. Find out and write the meanings of the following idioms using a dicƟonary.
Then use them in meaningful sentences.
1. barking up the wrong tree

2. bend over backwards

3. have an axe to grind

4. hit the nail on the head

5. all Greek to me

13
 6. add fuel to the fire

7. cock and bull story

8. a dark horse

9. getting a taste of one’s own medicine

10. hit the sack

14
 7 Determiners
A. Fill in the blanks with determiners much, many, most, some, liƩle, few,
a few, a liƩle and any.
1. I have acquaintances, but I do not have faith in of
them.
2. I would have liked to come for the function, but I have not received
invitation.
3. I have passes for the concert, but I do not have friends to
accompany me.
4. Can you please lend me money? I am sorry, I do not have
money right now.
5. Do you have plans for this weekend? I am planning to invite
of my friends.
6. Life is actually interesting. It offers joys and sorrows. If
there hadn’t been any sorrow, the joys would have meaning.
7. I thought there was milk at home.
8. The time that he gets he wastes in watching TV programmes.

B. Underline the wrong determiners in each sentence below. Rewrite them

using the correct determiners.
1. Do you have couple of minutes now?

2. Many children were playing in the park and more of them were known to me.

3. I do not have some problem if your son stays with us

overnight.

4. The doctor advised me to drink much milk and have a

vegetarian diet.

15
 5. I have few job offers in hand.

6. I am about to accept many of them.

7. There were most experts at the conference but the outcome was nil.

8. There is a little sense in advising you, now that you have made up your mind.

C. Read the following sentences and state whether the nouns in italics
are countable or uncountable. Write ‘C’ for countable nouns and ‘U’ for
uncountable nouns.
1. I ate an apple for breakfast.
2. Hatred poisons one’s mind and soul.
3. That painting has been sold for five lakh rupees.
4. Constant noise can make one go mad.
5. Painting is a very creative hobby.
6. Could you please get me a glass of water?
7. There wasn’t any room in the car, so we couldn’t accommodate him.
8. This table is made of glass.

D. Sentences a and b in each pair have one noun in common. Circle the noun
and write ‘C’ where it is countable and ‘U’ where uncountable.
1. a) Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder.
b) Sophia Loren is such an amazing and timeless beauty.
2. a) Taxes are a necessary evil.
b) He is paying for his evils.
3. a) There wasn’t enough light in the corridor.
b) Please switch on all the lights in this hall.
4. a) Once upon a time, there were politicians who were worthy of respect.
b) Time and tide wait for no man.
5. a) What an amazing experience we had!
b) His experience in life has been very rich.

16
 6. a) He has had a good education.
b) Education can change one’s outlook towards life.
7. a) Ravi has been a great help throughout my stay in Nagpur.
b) Genuine and selfless help is rare to find these days.
8. a) The patient had a sound sleep last night.
b) Sleep improves mental health.

E. Answer the following quesƟons using the words given in brackets.

1. How much money does your uncle have? (a lot of )

2. Were there dolphins in the zoo? (any)

3. Would you like some custard? (a little)

4. What did you see in that house? (many)

5. Who visited the old couple last weekend? (some)

6. Who will clean the classroom? (every)

17
 8 Phrasal Verbs
A. The following sentences have phrasal verbs. Tick the correct meaning of
each phrasal verb.
1. My offer was turned down by the committee because I did not bribe them.
a) approved
b) rejected
2. As I was passing out this year, I gave a card to each of my teachers.
a) completing the course
b) failed in the course
3. It was amazing to see how all the flats sold out on the day of the launch.
a) sold completely
b) exchange of money between seller and buyer
4. The people who did not adhere to the traffic rules were taken to task by the
policemen.
a) know
b) follow
5. When the reporters tried to meet the politician, they were turned away by the
police.
a) refused admission
b) arrested
6. The infiltrators were pinned down by the vigilant BSF personnel.
a) shot dead
b) restrained
7. The teacher told the students that they should either abide by the rules or face the
consequences.
a) follow
b) remember

18
B. Underline the phrasal verbs in the following sentences. Rewrite the sentences
without the phrasal verbs but ensure that the meanings don’t change.
1. Ravi’s grandfather passed away last night.

2. Raj was unintentionally left out from the basketball team.

3. What was the need to get into a fight with the hooligans?

4. It makes sense to put aside something for a rainy day.

5. The Principal assured the parents that he would personally look into the matter
where ragging was involved.

6. Please pick up a kilo of apples on your way home.

7. He is such a versatile person that he would fit in with any age group.

C. Complete the sentences below using the following phrasal verbs.

tagging along break into answer back looks after

back up reason out reach out

1. My little sister has this habit of

with me wherever I go.
2. The thieves are likely to the
houses that are locked for a long time.
3. It is inappropriate to to elders.
4. My granny me when my
mother is in office.
5. all important data before you
disconnect the computer.
6. Children will listen to you if you
it with them.
7. Those who have everything must
to the less fortunate.
19
 9 Apes
The family of apes consists of gorillas,
chimpanzees, orangutans, gibbons, etc.
Gorillas and chimpanzees inhabit the
tropical parts of Africa, whereas orangutans
are generally found in the forests of Sumatra
and Borneo. Apes, in general, are the most
intelligent of all the animals found on
earth. They resemble human beings in most
of their physical features and even in their
behaviour.
Though gorillas, chimpanzees,
orangutans and gibbons all belong to the
same group of apes, they are different in
some ways. The gibbons, for instance, are
monogamous and territorial pair-bonders,
while orangutans mainly live alone. Gorillas
wander in small troops under a single male
leader, while the chimpanzees generally live
in larger troops.
Apes are essentially of two types,
the great apes and the lesser apes.
Gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos (pygmy
chimpanzees) and orangutans belong to the
group of great apes, whereas gibbons (with
several different species) are referred to as
the lesser apes.
Apes are like humans in many ways.
They mostly feed on plants, but one can
often see them eating eggs, insects, small
mammals and birds. The skeletal structure,
organs and muscles of the apes are similar
to that of humans. However, their pelvic
20
joint is slightly different, which allows them
to walk on all four legs. Hence, they use
knuckle-walking for ground locomotion.
The chests of apes are broad and flat.
This enables them to move their arms up
and backward from their shoulders. Apes
keep their bodies in both semi-upright and
upright positions, when they are resting as
well as during locomotion. The arms of apes
are longer than their legs. Their hands are
similar to human hands. Some of them even
have opposable thumbs. Apes do not have
tails or cheek pouches commonly found in
monkeys. Their eyes are highly developed,
with stereoscopic colour vision.
Apes have large brains, which make
them the most intelligent animals on
earth. The brain of a gorilla weighs around
600 grams and the brains of chimpanzees
and orangutans weigh around 400 grams.
Among all the members of the ape family,
chimpanzees are the most intelligent. They
can be easily taught certain human chores
and even to communicate. Apart from
gorillas, all apes are expert tree climbers.
Gorillas are the largest of all the apes. An
adult male weighs around 275 kilograms.
It is nearly six feet tall when it stands up.
In contrast, gibbons are the smallest in the
ape family. An adult male gibbon weighs
around 10 kilograms and is not taller than
three feet.
Comprehension
A1. Choose the correct answer.
1. The chimpanzees and the gibbons
a) are of the same size.
b) vary in size and weight.
c) none of the above
2. The most intelligent of all the members in the ape family are
a) gorillas.
b) gibbons.
c) chimpanzees.
3. The physical structure of apes enables them to
a) move their arms up and backward.
b) frighten human beings.
c) beat their chests to communicate with others in the family.
4. Both orangutans and gibbons live
a) in groups.
b) all by themselves.
c) neither of the above
5. Apes do not have
a) human-like skeletons.
b) tails and cheek pouches.
c) excellent vision.

A2. Answer these quesƟons.

1. , , and are
members of the ape family.
2. How are gibbons different from orangutans? Explain.
3. How are apes similar to human beings?
4. Describe a few physical features of apes.
5. Why does the writer call chimpanzees the most intelligent animals?

A3. Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following.
1. similar to 3. have a single partner
2. operating in a fixed area 4. live in 21
 10 Participial Adjectives
A. There is one error in each sentence. Circle the error and rewrite the
sentences.
1. The crushing apples were used for making a delicious smoothie.

2. The terrifying child wouldn’t leave his mother.

3. The struggled actor finally shot to fame.

4. The old gentleman sitting in the front is a highly

qualifying scholar.

5. When the doctors gave up, the frustrating family turned to God.

6. The film was bored.

7. The tiring farmer had his food and went to bed.

B. Complete the following sentences using the past parƟciples of the suitable
verbs in the box as adjecƟves.
abandon stripe pack break concern
haunt spot depress kidnap use

1. The fortress turned out to be the smugglers’ den.

2. The tiger and the leopard could not
be seen in the forest.
3. The hungry trekkers enjoyed the meal.

22
 4. The woman decided to kill herself but the
neighbours prevented her from doing so.
5. The dishes were kept in the sink to be washed the next
morning.
6. The vase was restored by the mother with the help of an
adhesive.
7. The child was found in an warehouse.

C. Use the following parƟcipial adjecƟves in meaningful sentences. Be

sure that you do not confuse them with verbs.

dilapidated torn crying steaming

refreshing disgruntled illumined suppressed

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

23
 11 Antonyms
A. Match the words in Column A with their antonyms in Column B.
A B
1. gloomy a) loved
2. useless b) immortal
3. hated c) weak
4. mortal d) destruction
5. smile e) frown
6. greatest f) cheerful
7. creation g) useful
8. strong h) smallest

B. Sanya was asked to write a story by her teacher. AŌer the teacher read the
story, she told Sanya that there were ten mistakes in it and asked her to
rewrite it correctly. Help Sanya to rewrite the story.
Mehar was a weak, old girl of twenty-one years. He lived in a large hut on the
seashore. Every night, when he woke up, and came out of his hut, he would be filled
with sorrow to see the wonderful sight. The sea water sparkled like a thousand dull
diamonds. That was the time when he would return with his huge fishing boat. He
would look up at the sky and curse God for His mercy.

C. Find the antonyms of the following words and write them in the space
provided.
1. absent : 8. equality :
2. active : 9. loss :
3. ancient : 10. positive :
4. belief : 11. temporary :
5. brave : 12. tame :
6. inexpensive : 13. sweet :
7. conceal : 14. zenith :

24
12 Articles
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable indeĮnite arƟcles.
1. There is young boy who is
mere five years old, but he can recite the Bhagwad
Gita with ease.
2. The teacher taught the students to draw
elephant, giraffe, antelope,
alligator and unicorn.
3. I saw old man walking with
umbrella towards ancient house.
4. This man is European. He was faced with unusual problem.
He complains of buzzing sound in the ear; then there is
earache, and after that he would lose his memory and after hour regain
it. The doctors are puzzled over this problem.

B. Fill in the blanks with the deĮnite arƟcle only where you think it needs to
be inserted. Put a cross (8) where no arƟcle is required.
1. I have found missing link in mystery that I am working on.
2. Can you tell me shortest route to Gurugram?
road map which my colleague gave me shows one that I already know,
but this route is most congested one in city.
3. She likes to be centre of attention and would do stupidest
of things to get it. All make fun of her, but she doesn’t seem
to understand.
4. My cousin lives in USA. She has been living there for last
ten years. She visits India once a year but makes it a point to visit all our relatives.

C. Fill in the blanks with suitable arƟcles. Put a cross (8) where no arƟcle is
required.
1. We have dinner at 8 p.m. dinner we had last night was
most amazing one as it was prepared by my father and elder brother.
2. I wish to go to university which will have best professors.
university must have environment which encourages self-
learning.

25
 3. education is booming industry
today. However, education that is being
imparted in schools and colleges is
far from satisfactory.
4. Most of foreign visitors who came to India
were very impressed with Akshardham
Temple in Delhi. guided tour of
temple was great hit with them. Many of them also
visited Taj Mahal.
5. doctors used to say, apple day
keeps doctor away. This is no longer true.
apples being sold in market today are heavily laced
with pesticides and doctors are advising not to eat
them with the peel.

D. Supply the missing arƟcles in the passage below.

Spain lies at south-west corner of Europe between
the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. It is
very hilly country with stretches of flat highlands
and mountain ridges called Sierras. The word Spain is
English form of Spanish word Hispania
or España. name supposedly comes from ‘Shapan’
(Rabbit Land) as traders in earliest times found
country overrun with rabbits. However, there are
other theories as well.
Spain forms part of large peninsula which is cut
off from rest of Europe by high mountain range called the Pyrenees.
The country may be divided into three parts. In north there are some of
highest mountains in Europe. The centre consists of high tablelands which
are so dry that little or nothing grows there. The south has broad fertile plains which
yield good crops of many kinds of fruit and grain.

26
13 Homophones
A. Read the following sentences. Each sentence has an error. Rewrite the
sentences correctly.
1. I have bought a new read sweatshirt.

2. While I was sitting and watching the movie,

I eight the entire bowl of popcorn.

3. All the friends decided to meat at the football

field before the practice.

4. My aunt had an operation recently and she looks extremely pail.

5. The moment I herd that my daughter topped in the board exam, I ordered sweets
for everyone.

6. All of us were asked to weight as a special announcement

was to be made.

7. I complimented my friend and told him that he looked

grate in the black suit.

B. Read the list of words given below and write their homophones.
1. hale :
2. barren :
3. beat :
4. bore :
27
 5. bread :
6. sent :
7. idol :
8. rain :

C. Given below are some pairs of homophones. Make a sentence with each
word in the given pairs.
1. foul : fowl

2. currant : current

3. kernel : colonel

4. brake : break

5. bough : bow

6. cellar : seller

7. seen : scene

8. sauce : source

28
14 How I Became a Teacher
I was never a studious child, and I was very
selective about what I liked at school. The
sports period consistently remained my
favourite, but there were other things that
I enjoyed. As a grown-up, I would like to
give my sports teacher all credit for my
addiction to physical sport and physical
fitness. Athletics, sprinting, trekking,
mountaineering, the NCC – I excelled
in all.
I also enjoyed the library period very
much. We had the most creative teacher who
always had a trick up her sleeve that would
arouse our curiosity. There was not a single
student who did not finish the book she/he
was to read. She could have found a place in
the Guinness World Records for getting the
maximum number of students hooked to
reading.
Another teacher whom I admired a lot
was our art and craft teacher. She would
take us out, make us observe things, then
ask us to close our eyes and imagine. Then
we were asked to paint in any way that
we liked. As a class 6 student, I loved clay
modelling, though when I returned home,
my mother would not be too happy to
receive me smeared with clay – blazer, hair,
shoes and all.
I got good marks though I was not the
one to threaten the toppers. I was happy in
my own world. I was always the Captain of
my House and class, and later the School
Prefect. My teachers loved me because
I was a respectful and well-behaved kid. In
college, I was completely fascinated by my
English professor. He put so much life in
literature that I chose English as my subject
for Masters.
When it was time for my children to go
to school, I got into an introspective mode.
My experiences in school became the basis
for my research. I realized that education
must be meaningful for my children. They
must enjoy the compulsory subjects as
much as I enjoyed my library, games or art
periods. Soon I concluded that everything
that I loved in school was activity based.
I recollected how I would slip into the world
of daydreaming when my Maths teacher
attempted to explain a theorem, without
even looking at us. It appeared to all of us
that the teacher was in a different time zone
from the rest of us. We ate our tiffin, drew
caricatures and talked, but he was oblivious
to all that the students were doing.
The school would not teach my children
the way I thought was best for them.
I decided to make learning fun for my little
ones. They loved the way I taught them.
29
 I decided to take up teaching so that I could I realize that I have contributed to the
make learning an enjoyable experience for society by moulding the lives of many young
more children. Now when I look back, boys and girls.

Comprehension
A1. Choose the correct answer.
1. Which is true?
a) The writer posed tough competition to the toppers in her class.
b) The writer did not pose any competition to the toppers.
c) neither of the above
2. As a grown-up, the writer was
a) fit and healthy.
b) unfit and unhealthy.
c) a bookworm.
3. The writer found her Maths teacher to be
a) very intelligent.
b) absent-minded.
c) unaware of how students learn.
4. When the writer’s children were of school-going age, she
a) got them private tuitions.
b) added value to her children’s learning.
c) relied completely on the school.

A2. Answer these quesƟons.

1. The writer was not studious while at school. Do you think she was a good teacher?
Give reasons in support of your answer.
2. What did the writer like when she was a student in school? Can you guess the
reason?
3. The writer’s library teacher inspired her to take up English Literature. Do you
agree?
4. When and why wouldn’t the writer’s mother be happy to receive her when she
returned from school?

30
15 Active and Passive Voice
A. Read the following sentences and state whether they are in the acƟve or
the passive form. Write ‘A’ for acƟve and ‘P’ for passive.
1. The boy hit the dog with a stone.
2. The cat was chased by the dog.
3. Mr Raman inaugurated the new mall in Gurugram.
4. The visitors were frisked by the security guards before they
entered the auditorium.
5. The charts were prepared by the girls, and the classroom was
decorated by the boys.
6. My friend dropped me to the airport.
7. All the children of my class have read the Harry Potter stories.
8. I donated five hundred rupees for the flood relief fund from my
pocket money.

B. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice.

1. A rickshaw hit Amit’s new car.

2. Amit came out and thrashed the poor rickshaw puller.

3. The crowd told Amit to excuse the poor man.

4. Amit bribed the policeman on duty.

5. He further harassed the poor rickshaw puller.

31
 6. By then the crowd lost its patience.

7. The angry mob roughed up Amit and the policeman.

8. A journalist controlled the situation as he promised that he would take the

culprits to task.

C. Rewrite the following sentences in the acƟve voice if they are in the
passive voice. In case a sentence is already in the acƟve voice, put a
cross (8) against the sentence.
1. The gift was packed by my sister.

2. The Principal declared a holiday for the school.

3. The blazer was being ironed by Subin.

4. I was taught English by Mr Jacob.

5. My mother baked a delicious cake on my birthday.

6. The caricature was made by Mr Sudhir Tailang.

7. The Prime Minister hoisted the flag.

8. The vigilant officers could avert the tragedy.

9. The ship was destroyed by the pirates.

10. The Prime Minister visited the flooded areas.

32
16 Preƙxes
A. The words in each group below have a similar beginning. But one word in
each group does not have a preĮx. Circle the word.
1. undo, unfair, unjust, under
2. disobey, disdain, disadvantage, discourteous
3. incomplete, indecent, incorrect, India
4. perimeter, periwinkle, periscope, periodontics
5. diameter, diagnose, diamond, diagonal

B. Fill in the blanks using the words in brackets adding an appropriate preĮx
to each.
1. He is supposed to have (ordinary) skills.
2. The (used) cartons were put on the loft.
3. The cricket team was at a (advantage) due to the wet pitch.
4. He has been (barred) from entering the office.
5. The cubicles were set up in an hour as they were made of
(fabricated) boards.
6. My (workers) gave me a very touching farewell.
7. The outcome of this match was (determined), one of the players
later said.
8. I have come to this retreat with my family to (stress) myself.

C. Given in the grid below are some words with preĮxes. Fill in the blanks
using words with suitable preĮxes.
1. eco-friendly ecocentric
2. foreboding forethought
3. preview pre-launch
4. bicycle bipolar
5. realign relocate
6. antisocial antivirus
7. interschool intersect
33
 17 Modal Auxiliaries
A. Fill in the blanks with modal verbs may, might, would or should.
1. ‘ you like some ice cream?’ asked my aunt.
2. Since you are asking me for my opinion, I think you apologize.
3. You come along with us and stay for the night. We have spare bedrooms.
4. If I were in your position, I have celebrated all day.
5. ‘ you all live happily!’ blessed the old man.
6. We are not yet certain; we go to Goa in the
winter vacation.
7. Please hurry up, lest you miss your flight.
8. you meet him, tell him that I need to talk
to him.

B. In each sentence below a wrong modal has been used. Rewrite the
sentences using the correct modals.
1. The landing should be delayed due to bad weather.

2. I should not do this if I were you!

3. People say that because of the cold wave that has hit the city the winter break
will be extended.

4. The sky is covered with clouds. It would rain.

5. I saw that you were rude to your granny. You might

apologize to her.

34
 6. I might love to accompany you to the World Book Fair.

7. Should you like to come with us to the Film Festival?

8. You have not been keeping well. I suggest that you may visit a doctor.

C. Make sentences with the given modal verbs. Follow the instrucƟons
given in brackets.
1. should (to talk about an uncertain occurrence)

2. should (to recommend something)

3. would (to invite)

4. would (to plan something)

5. might (to suggest past possibility)

6. might (to suggest present possibility)

7. may (for polite permission/request)

8. may (to express a wish)

35
 18 Keep Walking
The latest fitness trend is to join a high-end
gym and work out in an air-conditioned
environment. The air-conditioner can never
replicate the natural environment full of
fresh air and vitamin-D-laden sunshine.
However, this fad may be suited to those
living in countries where it rains or snows
most of the time. Indians are fortunate to
be blessed with a climate which is suited to
outdoor activities.
The advantages of walking are many.
This mode of exercise is simple and one can
never go wrong, for it comes naturally to
us. There is no need to spend on expensive
apparatus. All that one would require is a
pair of good walking shoes. If done in the
morning, before sunrise, it provides the body
with fresh oxygen-rich air. It strengthens
the bones and people do not develop
problems like osteoporosis when they grow
up. It builds stamina in people who are
old or young. Therefore, it is suited to all
ages. Even heart patients, who are advised
not to exercise, can walk. Walking keeps
36
the muscles in good condition. It provides
benefits to the skin and complexion which
are no match to the best of facials and skin
treatments.
Walking has advantages beyond the
physical. It provides one with the time to
think and introspect. When one sets out
for a morning walk, one can plan out the
day’s activities without any disturbance.
Writers and poets can get ideas for their
compositions. The morning walker is treated
to a visual delight in the form of fresh trees,
birds, hills, dales, animate or inanimate
objects. If the person is creative, she/he can
dwell on these observations for their writing
and drawing.
One can also use this morning-walk time
to nurture friendships. Get a friend along
with you to walk. You could talk, discuss and
bond with the friend at the same time. All
this will be done not over unnecessary cups
of tea or coffee but while exercising and
taking in healthy air.
The habit of rising early and keeping
aside a fixed time for the morning walk has
other advantages. You start the day on a
healthy note. You will also have extra time
each day. You will never be compelled to
sacrifice your exercise regime due to work
pressure. This is also an inexpensive way to
remain healthy. No gym membership fee,
no investment in exercise equipment and
definite health benefits which will reduce
visits to the doctor and expenditure on
medicines.
 Gandhi was a great advocate of walking. and meditative aspects of morning walk. So
He talked about the wonders of morning let’s decide to adopt a healthier way of life
walk. He emphasized on the therapeutic and put on our walking shoes!

Comprehension
A1. Choose the correct answer.
1. Morning walks are advantageous to
a) heart patients.
b) creative people.
c) one and all.
2. Walkers can keep osteoporosis at bay as
a) walking strengthens bones.
b) walking improves complexion.
c) walking builds stamina.
3. The writer thinks that
a) everyone should develop this habit.
b) only those who can’t afford a gym should walk.
c) the old and the infirm should walk.

A2. Answer the following quesƟons.

1. In what climatic conditions would it be suitable to exercise in the gym?
2. Mention two health benefits of morning walk.
3. Mention two advantages of morning walk, other than health.
4. How can morning walk help creative people?

A3. Use the following words in meaningful sentences.

1. nurture 3. advocate
2. regime 4. apparatus

37
 19 Words Easily Confused
A. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct word from the ones given in
brackets.
1. The priest conducted the service from the (alter/altar).
2. This medicine is not to be taken (aurally/orally) but has to be
injected.
3. One has (access/excess) to lots of information
on the Internet.
4. The hike in the fuel prices will (affect/effect)
everyone.
5. Tanya has stayed in London for a very long time; therefore, she has acquired
a very strong British (accent/ascent).
6. (It’s/Its) the biggest lake in our country. No one has measured
(it’s/its) depth.
7. In his speech the (principle/principal) explained the
(principle/principal) of ahimsa.

B. Tick the word which means the same as the following.

1. chafe:
a) make sore by rubbing
b) husk on the grain
2. callous:
a) dead skin on feet/hands
b) heartless
3. mansion:
a) a worker who uses brick/mortar to make a
building
b) a large house
4. exorcize:
a) drill
b) remove a spirit from a possessed person/place

38
 5. antique:
a) playful behaviour of a child or a monkey
b) old and valuable object
6. tenant:
a) one who lives on others’ property on rent
b) one who lets out his property
7. canvass:
a) propagate for votes
b) material for painting or making shoes
8. saloon:
a) a large public room
b) a hairdresser’s shop
9. stammer:
a) walk unsteadily
b) talk with a stutter

C. There is one error in each sentence. Correct and rewrite the sentences.
1. This five-year-old is a child prodigal. You must see him solve complex
mathematical problems.

2. I am looking for someone who could advice me on studying abroad.

3. Please go back to your respected classrooms and do not crowd here.

4. Everyone is impressed by the ingenuous plan, which was foolproof in every

respect.

5. The notorious terrorist was assassinated in an encounter.

6. The electricity meter is not working properly and must be changed.

7. I was driving my cycle when the accident took place.

39
 20 Modals: Can and Could
A. Fill in the blanks using modals can or could appropriately.
1. I bring a cake for the class party tomorrow.
2. I play the guitar and the violin.
3. My mother says that I walk when I was eight months old.
4. I dance but I never dream of singing.
5. You take my car and pick up a gift for Ranjita.
6. I tried very hard but I not lift the box.
7. you give this book to Shalini on your way to the
library?
8. You ask your friend to stay with us. He is so
friendly.

B. Can or could has been dropped from each sentence below. Insert them at
the correct places and rewrite the sentences.
1. He have helped you if he wanted.

2. All the K.G. children be seated on the carpet, right in the front.

3. You take the horse to the water . . .

4. … but you not make it drink.

5. I drive a car when I was in Class 7 but my father did not let me.

6. You help me shift my luggage to the lobby?

7. I have replied rudely to him, given the way he spoke to me, but I decided
against it.

8. You write the script for the play?

40
21 Sufƙxes
A. Fill in the blanks in the sentences given below by adding an appropriate
suĸx to the words given in brackets.
1. I am looking for a reliable (law) who could advise me on business
partnerships.
2. The (young) standing there is a great guitarist.
3. My mother’s friend is conducting (cook) classes for teenagers.
4. The high level of (humid) doesn’t suit everyone.
5. This is a highly (debate) issue. It needs serious
thought.
6. I am always very impressed by the (neat) of
her notebooks.
7. The Tulsi plant has great (medicine)
properties.
8. The (peace) locale of this beautiful valley
attracts quite a few (visit).

B. Supply two more words with the same suĸx as used in the following
words.
1. wickedness
2. restless
3. handful
4. government
5. warmly
6. education
7. timidity
8. materialism

C. One of the words in each sentence below uses a wrong suĸx. Underline
the word and write the correct word below.
1. The student was not very respective to his teacher.

41
 2. He whispering something, but I did not understand what he said.

3. The driver was drunk and careful when he rammed the car into the
tree.

4. The dress was so attraction that I bought it immediately.

5. The captain asked the cadets to stand at attentive.

6. The stupidness of the passenger left everyone amazed.

7. The motherhood affection that we boarders got from our warden has made her
very dear to all of us.

8. The darker figure that I saw a second ago has disappeared.

D. Find and write at least three words each with the following suĸxes.
1. -ive
2. -ly
3. -ed
4. -al
5. -able
6. -ful
7. -less
8. -er
9. -ize
10. -ology

42
22 Comparative Adjectives
A. Fill in the blanks using the comparaƟve forms of the adjecƟves given in
brackets.
1. I am (tall) than my brother.
2. He is (old) than me but he is
(short) than me.
3. My mother thinks that I am also (strong)
than him.
4. We buy our vegetables from this vendor who has his own
farm. His vegetables are (fresh) than the ones
sold in the market.
5. We took the (long) route so that we could avoid the heavy traffic.
6. I find the sunset (beautiful) than the sunrise.

B. Given below is a list of adjecƟves. Write their comparaƟve forms.

1. arrogant :
2. handsome :
3. tiring :
4. large :
5. expensive :
6. lively :
7. cheerful :

C. Use the comparaƟve adjecƟves formed in the previous exercise in meaningful

sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
43
 The Story of Gautama
23
Buddha
Buddhism, today, is considered as a way of
life by the young and the old alike, regardless
of religion or nationality. It originated in
ancient India sometime between 6th and
4th centuries bce and has been gradually
spreading across the world ever since. Today
there are more than 520 million followers of
this faith.
Buddhism was begun by Gautama
Buddha. He was born in the royal family of
King Śuddhodhana and Queen Māyā, rulers
of Lumbini, Nepal, on a full moon night in
April/May. Before his birth, Queen Māyā
dreamt that a white elephant descended
from heaven and entered her womb. It was
interpreted that the queen had conceived
a child who was no ordinary being but a
powerful and chaste soul who descended
from heaven. The queen did not experience
pain when she gave birth to the child.
Instead she had a vision in which she saw
Brahma and Indra taking the child from
her side. All the while she stood in absolute
peace, holding on to a bough of a tree. Then
she stood and watched the Gods offering
ablutions to the baby. The prince was named
Siddhartha. Queen Māyā died some time
after the baby’s birth and her younger sister
married the king and adopted the young
Siddhartha.
A Brahmin predicted that the prince
would eventually renounce the material
world and go in search of wisdom to
remove human suffering and pain. This
frightened the king and he ensured that his
son remained within the palace and was not
44
exposed to any form of
suffering.
Prince Siddhartha
received royal education.
He was also trained
in the art of warfare.
At sixteen, he married
Princess Yaśodharā,
who was his age and a cousin. The princess
was very beautiful and for almost thirteen
years, Prince Siddhartha led a life full of
luxury. The king was happy to see that his
son was enjoying a regal life and that the
Brahmin’s predictions were proving to be
incorrect.
However, as the wheels of time turned,
Prince Siddhartha became contemplative.
His essential contemplative nature and
boundless compassion prevented him from
enjoying the fleeting pleasures of the royal
palace.
One day, the prince compelled his
charioteer to take him outside the palace.
Prince Siddhartha was shocked to see a
cripple, an old man and a dead body. This
was the first time that he realized how
enormous and universal human suffering is.
This realization prodded him to renounce
all worldly pleasures and search for the
true meaning of life. One night, he left the
palace, his wife and son and set out to lead
the life of a mendicant.
Siddhartha, the mendicant, travelled
restlessly from one religious centre and
hermitage to another, trying in vain to
seek answers to his questions. Finally in a
forest near Gaya in present-day Bihar, he
began his six-year meditation and penance,
but that did not give him the answers that
he sought. Then again, after 49 days of
intense meditation under the Bodhi Tree
in Bodhgaya, he attained enlightenment.
After he became the enlightened one, he
preached the sermon of the Middle Path,
which shows the way to a balanced and
harmonious life. The famous sermon was
held at the Deer Park in Sarnath in present-
day Uttar Pradesh. Thereafter, he travelled
far and wide preaching about moderation
and balance in life. His day was divided
between itinerant preaching in the morning
and receiving visitors for discussion at night,
with the afternoons reserved for private
meditation.

Comprehension
A1. Choose the correct answer.
1. Buddhism is considered as a way of life by
a) the young and the old.
b) people of all religions and nationalities.
c) both the above.
2. Queen Māyā was
a) ignorant of the divine plan.
b) aware of the divinity of the child.
c) sedated and hence unaware.
3. Gautama Buddha was not allowed to leave the palace because
a) there was a threat of abducting the prince.
b) the king was very stern and autocratic.
c) the king did not want his son to be exposed to human suffering.
4. Gautama Buddha left his wife and son as he
a) did not love them.
b) loved them but had to seek answers to his questions.
c) had developed an aversion towards them.

A2. Answer these quesƟons.

1. What was unique about Prince Siddhartha’s birth?
2. Who looked after the young boy after he lost his mother?
3. What shocked Siddhartha when he ventured out of the palace? Why did it
shock him?
4. How and where did Gautama Buddha become the enlightened one?
45
 24 Use of Adjectives
A. Among the words below are nouns, adjecƟves and other classes of words.
Put them in the correct parts of the table below.
pleasant also talkative slowly appealing hurrah
swimming boisterous approximately cunning almost
corrupt attractive plan politician alternatively
fox boy dress girl experience

adjective noun other

B. In each of the following sentences, an adjecƟve is used wrongly. Underline

the errors and rewrite the sentences.
1. It was a heavy downpour, but the small umbrella
protected me completely.

2. The rotten apples were plucked from the trees in the

orchard.

3. The careless mother left the toddler with his granny so

that no harm could come to him.

46
 4. The serious clown made us laugh uncontrollably.

5. The movie was so cheerful that we cried throughout.

6. He has always been a dull student and hence has been a topper consistently.

7. The cowardly soldier preferred to die instead of disclosing the military secret
to his captor.

C. Make sentences with the adjecƟves given below.

studious traumatic personal gullible
gigantic zealous learned

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 25 Superlative Adjectives
A. Fill in the blanks with the superlaƟve forms of the adjecƟves given in
brackets.
1. That was the (frightening) movie that I have ever seen.
2. Sanya is the (quiet) baby in the crèche.
3. The teacher appointed the (lazy) boy as the incharge of the
Activity Club.
4. Zara is the (gentle) tigress in the
sanctuary.
5. This is the (inspiring) lecture of this
series.
6. The (young) child of the school
presented the bouquet to the chief guest.
7. The pug that my granny gave me is the (good) gift of all that
I received.
B. Write the comparaƟve and superlaƟve forms of the adjecƟves given below.
adjective comparative superlative
kind
prejudiced
diligent
stern
tiring
simple
vicious
encouraging
strange
soft
less
vain
irritating
able
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