7

Workbook

Illa Vij

New Delhi • Mumbai • Chennai • Kolkata • Bengaluru • Hyderabad • Kochi • Guwahati

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 Preface
As an internationally accepted language, English plays a central role in shaping the
careers and lives of young people worldwide. For Indians, English is not only a window
to the world, but a bridge between the languages and cultures at home. It carries the
images of progress and modernity, and is a synonym for success in the globalized world.
Consequently, there is tremendous demand for quality English education.
In order to understand, interpret and respond effectively to a fast-changing world,
learners require applied practice and the best-available language-learning tools.
In Real English, learners and facilitators will find a systematic exposition of language
concepts and thorough practice for each language skill, with focus on the larger goal of
language-enabling.
The workbook reinforces the concepts learnt in the coursebook through extra
exercises. It is guided by the twin objectives of ELT, language development and language
use, in its structuring and grading of exercises and activities. It provides exposure to
language in a variety of contexts with ample scope for practice.
The workbook complements the coursebook. It helps develop and reinforce concepts
of grammar, offers practice in contemporary usage, develops vocabulary and facilitates
development and honing of the skills of reasoning and interpretation of facts, figures,
tables and pictures. Its distinguishing feature is its easy accessibility to both teacher and
learner. The instructions are clear and focused. It promotes gradual learner autonomy in
learning and practising language. It also facilitates the development of cognitive skills and
encourages creativity.
Real English workbooks offer an excellent language-learning experience with
challenge and fun.
Illa Vij
 Contents
1. Using May/Might 1
2. Prepositional Verbs 3
3. Magnanimity Rewarded 5
4. Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely 8
5. Punctuation: Colon and Semicolon 10
6. Adjectives and Similes 12
7. Prefixes for Negation 14
8. Reported Speech 16
9. Incredible Spiders 19
10. Spelling 21
11. Adverbial Clause of Time 22
12. Collocations and Spelling 24
13. Suffixes, Synonyms and Sounds of Things/Animals 26
14. Siachen Glacier 29
15. Passive Voice 32
16. Homonyms, Homophones and Homographs 35
17. Restrictive Relative Clause 36
18. The Dandi March 39
19. Past Perfect Tense 42
20. The Infinitive 44
21. P.G. Wodehouse 47
22. Idioms 49
23. As, Since and Because 51
24. Adjectives and Adjective Order 53
25. Spelling 55
 1 Using May/Might
A. Use may/might to frame answers to the following quesƟons.
1. Will she come to school tomorrow?

2. Do you think it will snow here this month?

3. May I use your car?

4. Could I please borrow this book for a day?

5. Will you be able to board the train on time?

6. Will the Class 10 result be declared today?

7. Why do I need to work so hard at my studies?

8. Could you please help me find my camera?

B. Write Įve sentences in the form of a noƟce informing students of Class 7

what they may do/carry while on a school trip.
Example: You may carry your own camera.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1
 C. Use may or might to complete the sentences.
1. We were hoping you take us for a movie.
2. God help you!
3. You take these medicines whenever you are in pain.
4. I go for the seminar, but the chances are remote.
5. Members of the club choose any two events
they wish to participate in.
6. Chances are rare, but the students of Towering High School
join us if they get permission from their principal.
7. He just agree at the last minute.
8. You go if you wish to.

D. In the following sentences write whether may has been used to express a
possibility, to take or give permission or to express a wish.
1. Suraj may leave for Mumbai tomorrow.
2. May you succeed in your academic career.
3. May I go into this room?
4. You may raise the curtain now.
5. They may not like to sit in the lawn.
6. May there be a lot of happiness in her life.
7. May I put out these candles?
8. I may not attend tonight’s programme.

E. In the following sentences write whether might has been used as the past
tense form of may, to indicate a possibility or to reproach someone.
1. You might work a little faster.
2. This map might help us reach there.
3. Soumi said she might quit her job.
4. Uday might not be able to reach here on his own.
5. Swati said she might cancel her plan to visit Kolkata.
6. They might not see the house from the road.
7. Saroj wrote to me that she might write a new book
on gardening.
8. You might remove these chairs from here.
2
 2 Prepositional Verbs
A. Use preposiƟons to make three phrases with each of the following verbs.
You may refer to a dicƟonary. Frame a sentence with any one of the phrases
that you have made in each group.
Example: take : take out, take away, take on, take to
I will take away your toys if you don’t stop crying.
1. pick :

2. look :

3. put :

4. fall :

5. get :

B. Fill in each blank with a preposiƟon to make a phrase that will help to
complete the sentence.
1. They decided a venue for the party.
2. I disagree her on this point of
our discussion.
3. Please look a better venue.
4. Let’s move to another spot.
5. I can’t make what the problem is.
6. Leave this heavy luggage. You can
take it later.
7. Don’t worry, I’ll cope all the
problems.
8. Please drink the cold coffee fast.

3
 C. Choose two adjecƟves that could be used to describe the given nouns. Then,
use them to make four-word phrases. Make a sentence with each phrase
that you have made.
Example: children : energetic, fast, lively, deep
Phrase : some lively, energetic children
Sentence : I met some lively, energetic children in the park.
1. sea : wide, turbulent, blue, stocky
Phrase :
Sentence :
2. wind : howling, transparent, destructive, heavy
Phrase :
Sentence :
3. market : thin, busy, dark, crowded
Phrase :
Sentence :
4. soldiers : pretty, fearless, high, determined
Phrase :
Sentence :
5. child : narrow, thin, low, frail
Phrase :
Sentence :
6. biscuits : calm, stocky, stale, bitter
Phrase :
Sentence :

D. Write a paragraph in about 80–100 words to describe a Christmas party at

your home. Use eight four-word phrases in the paragraph.
You may begin like this:
The party is in a large, green lawn . . .

4
 3 Magnanimity Rewarded
The Pandavas were exiled for thirteen years,
and they experienced many moments of joy,
anxiety, trials and tribulations. They moved
about in the deep, rich beautiful forests
inhabited by numerous animals. They also
encountered dangerous situations where
their strength and unity were put to test.
Once, towards the end of the twelfth
year of the exile, a Brahmin came to them
in distress. He lamented that a deer had
run away with the arani (a pair of wooden
blocks used to make fire by friction) he used
to light fire to do his prayers. He felt agitated
and anxious because without lighting a fire
he could not complete his prayers.
The Pandavas, valiant as ever, got ready to
help the Brahmin. They immediately picked
up their weapons and went in search of the
deer by following its hoof-marks. They saw
the stag in a distance and they gave it a good
chase. As soon as the stag was about to be
shot, it simply disappeared.
Tired after the futile chase, the Pandavas
settled down under a tree to rest. Since all
the brothers were thirsty, Yudhishthira asked
Nakula to fetch some water in a quiver for
all of them. Nakula climbed up a tree and
tried to see if there was any lake or river
nearby. He heard the chirping and cries
of some birds, and instantly he knew that
there would be some water in the vicinity.
He climbed down the tree, and followed the
cries of the birds.
Nakula came to a large freshwater lake.
The lake was devoid of any living creature
except a crane. He bent down to drink water
before collecting some for his brothers. But,
as soon as he raised the water to his lips,
he heard a voice. The crane spoke ‘Stop, son
of Madri. You must answer my questions
before you drink my water, or else this water
will turn into poison.’
But Nakula was extremely thirsty, and he
chose to ignore the command of the bird.
As soon as the water went through his lips,
he died and fell beside the lake.
When Nakula didn’t return, Yudhishthira
sent Sahadeva to see why their brother had
not returned.
Sahadeva followed the birds’ cries to the
lake and saw his brother lying lifeless along
the lake.
Sahadeva was deeply grieved but before
taking any action, he decided to quench his
thirst. He bent to drink water and the same
voice spoke again, ‘Stop, son of Madri. You
must answer my questions before you drink
my water, or else this water will turn into
poison.’
5
 But Sahadeva too, like Nakula, didn’t
care about the warning; he drank the water
and died.
Yudhishthira got quite worried now.
He sent Arjuna in search of the two boys.
Arjuna found his young brothers lying dead
at the edge of the lake.
Enraged that someone had killed his
brothers, Arjuna felt determined to avenge
their death. As soon as he bent to drink
water, he heard a voice, ‘Stop, son of Kunti.
You must answer my questions before you
drink my water, or else you will meet the
fate of your brothers.’
Unfortunately, Arjuna too paid no heed
and drank the water; he died as the water
touched his lips.
When Arjuna did not return,
Yudhishthira grew alarmed, and Bhima
went off in search of his brothers. He too
had a similar experience; hence, he met the
fate of his three brothers.
Since none of the brothers returned
with water, Yudhishthira got extremely
anxious and went in search of his younger
6
brothers and water. On reaching the lake,
Yudhishthira found all his brothers lying
dead. Before searching for the killer of his
brothers, Yudhishthira decided to drink
some water from the lake. But before he could
raise the water to his lips, the crane spoke
these words that startled Yudhishthira: ‘Do
not drink this water, son of Kunti, until you
have answered my questions or you too will
die like your brothers.’
Yudhishthira humbly allowed the water
that he had gathered to drink to flow out
of his hands. He stood up to answer the
questions. He asked the crane humbly, ‘Who
are you? You cannot be an ordinary crane.
Only people with some divine powers could
have killed my brothers.’
The crane replied, ‘I am a yaksha.’
The bird changed into a formidable
yaksha.
The yaksha asked Yudhishthira numerous
mystical questions and for each question the
latter gave a perfect answer.
The yaksha was delighted with
Yudhishthira’s answers and he granted him
the life of any one brother. He could choose
any one brother among the four lying
dead.
Yudhishthira looked at all his brothers
and instantly said, ‘I would like Nakula to
live.’
The yaksha asked Yudhishthira the
reason for his choice.
Yudhishthira replied gently, ‘My father
married Kunti and Madri; hence, I have two
mothers. Each mother should have one son
living.’
The yaksha was deeply impressed with
his magnanimity. He said, ‘They all shall
live.’
As the yaksha spoke, the four Pandavas
opened their eyes.
Yudhishthira looked at the yaksha and
asked once again, ‘Who are you?’
The yaksha disappeared and in his place
stood Yama, the lord of Justice and Death.
Yama explained that he had created the
problem to test Yudhishthira’s magnanimity
and virtue. He had turned into a stag and
carried away the Brahmin’s wooden sticks.
Then Yama smilingly said, ‘Here, take
these back to the Brahmin.’
The five brothers left the lake with
the pieces of wood that would enable the
Brahmin to complete his prayers.

Comprehension
A. Complete the family tree of the Pandavas.

Pandu

Kunti Madri

B. Answer the following quesƟons.

1. Why was the Brahmin distressed?
2. How did the Pandavas respond to the Brahmin’s request?
3. What happened to the four Pandavas who went to the lake and why?
4. How did Yudhishthira win over the yaksha?
5. What choice did the yaksha give Yudhishthira? What choice did he make and
why?

7
 4 Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely
A. Rewrite each of the following sentences, placing the adverb in the correct
posiƟon.
Example: She is late for the music lesson. (rarely)
She is rarely late for the music lesson.
1. I had wanted to meet Mr Ruskin Bond. (always)
2. We meet him in Mussoorie. (frequently)
3. My dog barks at strangers. (rarely)
4. I have the opportunity to travel. (seldom)
5. I managed to climb the hill. (scarcely)
6. I watch horror films. (hardly ever)
7. I could see the camel coming down the sand dune. (barely)
8. I could hear the birds twittering in their nest. (hardly)
9. Sandeep watches TV serials. (rarely)
10. Akhtar can ride a horse. (barely)

B. Answer these quesƟons using the adverb given.

Example: Could you bring our luggage too? (scarcely)
Sorry, I can scarcely carry my own.
1. Do you go to the gym? (rarely)
2. Do you visit your old friends? (hardly ever)
3. Can you speak French fluently? (barely)
4. Do you play cricket? (seldom)
5. Did you reach the airport on time? (barely)
6. Would you like to make a contribution for the orphanage? (scarcely)
7. Would you like to go for morning walks with me? (scarcely)
8. Do you win every debate competition that you participate in? (rarely)
9. Does Vikram practise badminton a lot? (hardly)
10. Do the leaders of the People Party visit this village? (seldom)

8
C. Frame a sentence with each of the following adverbs. Use the verbs given in
brackets.
1. barely (breathe)
2. scarcely (draw)
3. hardly (drag)
4. seldom (skate)
5. rarely (swim)
6. frequently (visit)
7. always (pray)
8. never (hit)

D. Complete the following dialogue using scarcely, barely, hardly, hardly ever
or rarely.

Amit : Rhea, can I use some of your red paint to complete my painting?
Rhea : I am sorry Amit, .
Amit : Do you think I could ask Ramesh to give me some?
Rhea : Ramesh shares his things with
others.
Amit : I’ll go and buy some paint.
Rhea : You better hurry. There .
Amit : It’ll take me ten minutes to go and get back.

9
 Punctuation: Colon and
5
Semicolon
A. Insert a colon or a semicolon in the blanks as appropriate.
1. I’m going to the fruiterer I need to buy apples.
2. I wanted to visit my uncle today however, I have a project to complete.
3. After many hours of discussion the council members took a decision the
inauguration of the museum would be called off.
4. I enjoy walking in the following places hills, beaches, fields and forests.
5. Our picnic basket had many things a cake, a bottle of lemonade, two packets
of chips and a large watermelon.
6. Jaya was determined to meet the judge hence, she waited till he came out of
his chamber.
7. I was tired after the day’s work I chose not to go for the party.
8. The trains to Hyderabad depart at these times 6 15 a.m. and 7 10 p.m.

B. Colons and semicolons have been used incorrectly in some of the following
sentences. Make necessary correcƟons and write ‘no error’ where you think
there is no error.
1. Basic language skills include; reading, writing, listening and
speaking.

2. Samuel Johnson: ‘Hope is itself a species of happiness, and

perhaps, the chief happiness which this world affords.’

3. The prayer service began at 9:00 a.m.

4. Nitya behaves very rudely: for example, today she walked out of the class without
asking the teacher.

5. We have invited Ms Narang, Secretary, Social Welfare Department: Mr Guha,

Secretary, Child Welfare Council: and Mrs Mani Ram, Member, Senior Citizens’
Association.

10
 6. My aunt bought some home-made jam from Bani, who is known for her cooking
skills, but this lot was not so delicious as expected.

7. I tried very hard; I succeeded.

8. Buddha; ‘Thousands of candles can be lighted from a single

candle, and the life of the candle will not be shortened.
Happiness never decreases by being shared.’

C. Rewrite the following paragraph using colons and semicolons wherever

necessary.

Many animals survive the winter by hibernating. They keep alive by sleeping through
most of the winter. The following are some of the cold-blooded animals that hibernate
frogs, toads, lizards, snakes and turtles.
The badger, a warm-blooded animal, hibernates through winter however, if the
weather gets comfortably warm, it gets up off and on to feed itself. Before hibernating,
the hedgehog family gathers moss, bracken, and leaves to make a soft bed to sleep on
moreover they eat plenty of birds, worms, eggs and bulbs of plants.
These are a few other warm-blooded animals that hibernate: groundhogs, bears, bats,
and squirrels.
A large number of insects die in winter while some of them survive by hibernating
at any one of the four stages of their life cycle for example most butterfly species
hibernate while they are in the pupa stage.

11
 6 Adjectives and Similes
A. Complete the table below by wriƟng the following words in the correct
columns.

generous frugal lethargic benevolent slothful charitable

inactive miserable thrifty sluggish inert magnanimous

kind economical lazy

B. Poets use imaginaƟon and creaƟvity to write their poems. Very oŌen the
message is short and simple, but its presentaƟon involves the use of words
that make vivid and colourful imagery.
Example: The fish swam in the sea.
The colourful fish swam freely in the sparkling, blue sea.

Use adjecƟves and adverbs of your own to improve the following sentences.
1. A lady entered the shop.
2. Flowers bloomed in the garden.
3. The city was surrounded by soldiers.
4. The stars shone in the sky.
5. I stood and watched the sun rise.
6. The rabbits ran across the park.
7. The boat sank into the river.
8. The children watched the circus.

12
C. Fill in the blanks with the correct words to make similes.
snail Solomon cat gentle cool fox rock
ebony butter sweet clear gold sharp fiddle

1. as as a cucumber
2. as as a lamb
3. as wise as
4. as unfeeling as a
5. as crafty as a
6. as black as
7. as agile as a
8. as slow as a
9. as as crystal
10. as as a needle
11. as soft as
12. as fit as a
13. as as honey
14. as good as

D. Circle the odd one out.

1. freak stream break streak
2. grouch grouse ground group
3. plough rough tough enough
4. change cheer Christmas challenge
5. should could would mould
6. push rush crush hush
7. home dome come Rome
8. frown grown drown gown

13
 7 Preƙxes for Negation
A. The preĮxes dis-, non-, in-, im- and un- mean not. Write four words beginning
with each of them. You may refer to a dicƟonary.

B. Fill in the blanks with the opposites of the words in brackets. The words
should begin with the preĮxes you have used above.
1. It is (realistic) to think that she will let us stay here for a month.
2. It was very (practical) of her to have spent all her money in
buying a house.
3. The (smoking) zone is that side.
4. Hari is one of the most (reliable) people I have ever met!
5. This much food is (adequate) for forty guests.
6. I am sure a city called Haidarali is (existent).
7. She gave a very (impressive) dance performance.
8. I am going to (associate) myself from their group.
9. The staff at the footwear showroom were very (helpful).
10. Most members of the union are rude and (polite).

C. Rewrite the following paragraph using the antonyms of the words in italics.
You might need to change an arƟcle or a preposiƟon to suit the antonyms.
Miss Helena was an unkind and malevolent teacher. Her
unhelpful attitude made her very unpopular amongst
her colleagues. She was unamiable by nature and did
not encourage children from interacting with her. Her
unsociable nature kept her distant from most parents. The
only person who liked her in school was the school canteen
manager who agreed with her on various issues related to
the students’ health and diet.
14
D. Use the preĮxes il-, de- or mis- to make antonyms of the following words.
You may refer to a dicƟonary.
1. legal
2. appropriate
3. linked
4. activated
5. literacy
6. judged
7. management
8. legible
9. logical
10. mystify
11. recognize
12. conduct
13. behaviour
14. motivated

E. Frame sentences with any six antonyms that you have made.

15
 8 Reported Speech
A. Read the conversaƟon between Som and his father.
Som : Dad, when will you buy a new car?
Father : I can’t decide whether to buy a big-sized car
or a small-sized one.
Som : I think we should buy a small one.
Father : I always thought you liked big and spacious cars..
Som : Yes, I do. But I have realized small cars take less
space on the road and consume less fuel.
Father : I appreciate your thoughtfulness. I am glad that you are practical and care
about the world.

Now complete the following report.

Som asked his father buy a new car. Father
a big-sized car or a small-sized one. Som
a small one. Father told Som he liked big and spacious
cars.
Som that small cars take less space on the road and
consume less fuel. Father told Som thoughtfulness and he
practical minded and cared about the world.

B. Report the following statements.

1. Raman said to his mother, ‘When will Farid return from the summer camp?’

2. The teacher said, ‘The earth is round.’

3. The priest said to the congregation, ‘Honesty is the best policy.’

4. Gauri said, ‘Rachna, I will not be able to join you for the school picnic.’

5. The gardener said, ‘I will not allow these children to pluck any flowers from this
garden.’

16
 6. The shopkeeper said to the customer, ‘When did you buy this bag from my
shop?’

7. Rahul’s mother said to him, ‘I do not want you to miss your mathematics class
today.’

8. Rahul said to his mother, ‘I cannot afford to miss any class this term.’

C. Choose the correct opƟons.

1. Farid (complained that/complained) he had not received the packet.
2. Devina (told Madhu/asked Madhu) if she would like to join her for dinner.
3. He (said/said that) he was not feeling well.
4. Jaya (suggested that/suggested) we should try the new restaurant.
5. She (asked that/asked) me why I had not done my work.
6. Disha (told Hari/said to Hari) that she would not be joining the adventure club.
7. Tara (said/told) that she was upset over her performance.
8. Bina (inquired/inquired that) if the tickets were available for the next show.

D. Talk to your partner. Ask her/him the following quesƟons and write down the
answers in the space given under each quesƟon. Report the conversaƟon.
1. Since when have you been in this city?

2. What do you like the most about it?

3. What is the major change that you would like to see in (name of
your city/town)?

4. Which is the place you wish to visit sometime in the near future?

I asked since when she/he

city. She/He replied that
. When I asked her/him what she/he ,
she/he told me . I inquired
17
 what
to which she/he replied .
I inquired and she/he told me
sometime in the near future.

E. Write dialogues in the bubbles and then report the conversaƟon between
Sally and her brother Jerry.

18
 9 Incredible Spiders
Spiders look like insects, but they are not.
They belong to a group of animals called
Arachnida. Mites and scorpions also belong
to this category. They have four pairs of legs,
whereas insects have three pairs. Spiders are
unable to fly and have no wings. They also
have fangs to bite with, and are poisonous
in most species. They have an immense
capacity to spin silk with their spinnerets
attached to the rear of their abdomen.
A single silken thread is called a dragline and
is amazingly used to make a home, catch a
prey or simply for hanging about in the air.
Since a spider can only take in liquid, it has
to pre-digest its prey, that is, spread digestive
juices on it and then take it in a liquid form.
Spiders are known for eating insects, but
there are a few of them which eat small
animals like tadpoles, mice and small fish.
We have read about cowboys lassoing
the guys they chase. We even have a spider
that plays cowboy! The bolas spider has a
unique way of catching its prey. The poor
victim is actually lassoed. The spider spins
out its silken thread onto a branch, and
then grasping it with its hind legs moves
to another branch and firmly pastes it at
the other end. What it has now is a loosely
hung line of silk. It further strengthens the
string with more dragline. Somewhere at
the middle of the line it draws another silk
line with its spinneret and secretes a liquid
which forms a globule at the end of the line.
The globule is sticky and acts as a noose that
holds on to the prey, until it is wrapped up
in more stringy silk. With the lasso ready,
it is all set to catch its prey. As the insects
approaches, the spider swings the lasso at it.
The viscid ball strikes the prey and holds on
to it. The spider quickly gives the insect a
venomous bite and then rolls it up in sheets
of silk, like an Egyptian mummy. In case
the spider does not want to store its meal, it
may even devour it without wrapping it up.
Trapdoor spider! Sounds like a villain
on the job. The trapdoor spider digs a tiny
tunnel like a burrow into the soil, using its
comb-like rake on the margin of its jaw. It
uses its silk to bind grains of soil together
and deposit them away from the hole. The
walls of the home are made waterproof with
saliva and soil, and then lined with silk. It
also spins a silken-hinged door at the mouth
of the tunnel which conceals the burrow. It
likes to live alone and protects it with all
its might. On growing bigger, it enlarges
the burrow. This home protects the spider
from extreme heat, strong sunlight and rain.
The burrow also serves as a hiding place;
the spider, hidden there, watches out for its
prey. On spotting a worm or an insect, the
19
 ‘villain’ suddenly seizes it and takes it into
the burrow to devour it. This is also a home
for the spiderlings that emerge from the
eggs that are laid in the burrow.
Most animals living on land are able to go
underwater for a specific period of time. The
water spider outdoes all others by having an
ability of staying underwater for hours, and
at times days at a stretch. It sleeps and even
rears the young ones there. What it does
to achieve this is incredible. It first spins a
large web underwater, supported onto stems
of water plants. It lives in this web and has
a clever way of supplying air for itself and
the young ones. It goes to the water surface,
thrusts its legs into the air with a kind of a
clutching motion, and quickly brings itself
down to the web. It actually traps a bubble
of air on its hairy body. It enters the web
from beneath and releases the air into it. It
repeats this action till an air sac is formed.
This sac is closed from above and open from
below. The mother spider lives in this sac
and even hangs her eggs from the ceiling of
the sac. When the air supply gets vitiated,
it pierces a hole at the top, allowing it to
escape. Then, it repairs the sac and once
again fills it with air. This web is used only
as a home and not for catching any prey. For
its meals, it looks for water lice in the water.

Comprehension
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. Mites are insects but scorpions are not.
2. The dragline of the spider helps it to catch its prey.
3. Spiders are not capable of eating animals like rats.
4. The spider with a ‘lasso’ can stay underwater for days at a stretch.
5. The water spider uses its web for rearing young ones only.
6. A spider can ingest only liquid food.

B. Complete the following statements.

1. Spiders have an immense capacity to spin silk with . . .
2. A bolas spider does not wrap up its prey when . . .
3. The water spider’s large web underwater is supported . . .
4. For its meals, a water spider has . . .

C. Answer the following quesƟons.

1. How does a bolas spider prepare its lasso to catch its prey?
2. Why does the writer compare the spider’s victim to an Egyptian mummy?
3. How does the trapdoor spider make its home a safe place to live in?
4. How does the mother water spider ensure that her young ones get fresh air to
breathe?
20
10 Spelling
A. Fill in ei, ie or ea to make sensible words.
1. p ceful 6. pr ch
2. gr f 7. dec ve
3. dec sed 8. dis se
4. n ce 9. rel ve
5. bl k 10. perc ve

B. Tick the correct spelling.

1. agression aggression agresion
2. packageing packagging packaging
3. lovebal lovable loveble
4. trully truly truely
5. mischivous mischievious mischievous
6. sincerely sincerly sincereley
7. business buisness buissness
8. thorough thorogh thurough

C. In each of the following sentences a word has an incorrect leƩer making it

an inappropriate word for the sentence. Find the word and replace it with
the correct word.
Example: He quickly wore his skippers and ran out. slippers
1. The children were brightened by the eerie-looking creature.
2. Heena created such a fuse about that minor incident!
3. The children ran into the mouse clapping their hands
cheerfully.
4. The members of the club voted for the net secretary.
5. You cannot measure the toy you get from playing with children.
6. By the time we reached the diver, we were too tired to dive into the water.
7. This fish is so bond that I can count its bones.
8. The miners have found a lot of dead in this area.
21
 11 Adverbial Clause of Time
A. Complete the following sentences. The adverbial clauses have been provided
for each sentence.
1. while I am teaching.
2. When I have decided the menu, .
3. after we threatened to report the matter
to the police.
4. After the duties were allotted, .
5. before the workers leave.
6. Before you sleep .
7. ever since they went to the US.
8. as the martyr’s body was carried through
the streets.

B. Fill in the blanks with conjuncƟons such as when, before, Ɵll, since, as, aŌer,
as soon as, etc.
1. he jumped over the fence, the police caught him.
2. I would like you to help us we need your support.
3. he heard about my promotion, he rushed to congratulate me.
4. I call you, please wait in the corridor.
5. leaving the party, he thanked the host.
6. I was cooking, my daughter cleaned the room.
7. I shall not visit you you apologize for your rude behaviour.
8. Do not disturb her she is saying her prayers.

C. Given below are pairs of sentences. Join them using the conjuncƟons Ɵll,
when, as soon as, aŌer or while.
1. It was raining hard. I woke up in the morning.

2. Mary was crying. Farid was laughing.

22
 3. I had completed my work. I went to Neha’s house.

4. He saw the accident. He rushed to help the victims.

5. You must wait here. I will come.

6. I felt disappointed. I was told that I had not been selected for the quiz competition.

7. I had taken the medicine. I felt better.

8. I was shocked. I found that my bag was missing from the car.

D. Tick the clauses that would help to complete the following sentences.
1. I’ll help you .
a) while I have completed my work b) after I have completed my work
2. , I shall inform you.
a) At the time I get the news b) As soon as I get the news
3. , I knew I had found our lost dog.
a) When I heard the bark b) Until I heard the bark
4. , we can talk about the next project.
a) After I have seen you work b) Till I have seen your work
5. Wait here .
a) till she returns b) as she returns
6. I have been living here .
a) after my second son was born b) since my second son was born
7. Can we add sugar ?
a) before the milk boils b) until the milk boils
8. , please switch off all the lights.
a) Before you leave the classroom b) After you leave the classroom

23
 12 Collocations and Spelling
A. Tick the correct opƟons to complete the following sentences.
1. I missed/lost the flight to Delhi.
2. I want you to tell/give me the truth.
3. She has learned to do/run the shop well.
4. I would like to make/do an appointment with the dentist.
5. He spoke/gave a speech on health and hygiene.
6. Unless you work tough/hard, you won’t improve your
grades.
7. She’s created/made a mistake by leaving her job in haste.
8. Will you keep/have a meal with me?

B. Match the words in Column A with the ones in Column B to make phrases
with the correct collocaƟons.
A B
1. pay a) time
2. keep b) your respects
3. go c) worried
4. get d) early
5. come e) control
6. take f) sailing
7. waste g) an exam
8. catch h) a cold

C. Complete the following ‘spidergrams’ to keep a record of some collocaƟons.

a break

take

24
 break

make

go

D. Add -ary, -ery, -ory or -ury to complete the incomplete words in the sentences
given below.
1. I enjoy working in the chemistry laborat .
2. Geeta has got an award for brav .
3. Her performance was just satisfact .
4. The slum-dwellers live in utter mis .
5. We need the volunt services of a few
students from your school.
6. You mustn’t cry over such a minor inj .
7. He works for ten hours at the fact .
8. The burgl was a horrifying experience for
all of us.
25
 Sufƙxes, Synonyms and Sounds
13 of Things/Animals
Study the following suffixes carefully.
-er and -or are usually used to form nouns that name persons, machines and things
who/which do specific things.
Example: swimmer, instructor, amplifier
-ics and -ology help to form subjects of study.
Example: economics, anthropology
-ness helps to make abstract nouns from adjectives.
Example: rich – richness

A. Write three words, other than the examples given, ending with the following
suĸxes.
1. -er
2. -or
3. -ics
4. -ology
5. -ness

B. Rearrange the jumbled adjecƟves and add the suĸx -ness to make nouns.
You may need to change the spelling. Frame a sentence with each of the
words you have made.
Example: TTIEBR - bitter + ness = bitterness
I couldn’t bear the bitterness of the cough syrup.
1. LUDO :
Sentence :
2. MPEYT :
Sentence :
3. SRIOEUS :
Sentence :
4. SLFEIHS :
Sentence :

26
 5. KNDI :
Sentence :
6. LZYA :
Sentence :
7. GEATR :
Sentence :
8. SWTEE :
Sentence :

C. Write the following words in the correct columns. Combine them with the
suĸxes to make new words. Some words will go into more than one column.
care meaning faith penny duty watch
peace help fate fruit thank fear

-less -ful
careless careful

D. Complete the following table by wriƟng the following words in their correct
columns.

dearth flood glut deficiency paucity excess overabundance

scarcity proliferation shortage plethora deficit surplus lack surfeit

too little too much

27
 E. In the word search Įnd words that mean the same as the following.
The following clues will help you: A F G D K Q R E
G R I E F M A K
1. not giving up
E D U T Y D T F
2. self-respect L M V E O L K J
F E A R L E S S
3. responsibility L O R M T S V C
4. emotion felt on loss of someone O P R I D E Y O
Y W N N Q L Z U
5. without fear A P C A J F D R
6. without thinking of oneself L C J T A L K A
T B A I M E M G
7. faithfulness Y B S O M S K E
8. bravery E S I N I S L C

F. Complete the following paragraph with the correct ‘sound words’ from the
box.
lapping screaming shot rustling
honking squeaking talking baying

As soon as we entered the woods we heard the monkeys’

. As we walked a little deeper into the
forest we heard the awful of the hounds.
We were certain that there were some hunters in the woods
because we heard the of a heavy vehicle
and the of a gun. We quickly turned
back, but we were quite lost. We walked on till we heard
the of water. We followed the sound and
reached a narrow stream that ran through the woods. We
sat under a tree and thoroughly enjoyed the
of leaves and the of the rabbits that ran
around the place. A little later, we walked on till we found
our way out of the woods. The only sound that accompanied
us throughout was the of parrots.
28
14 Siachen Glacier
A glacier is a frozen mass of soft snow and
hard ice, and it holds large quantities of fresh
water. It forms high up in the mountains. It
is not completely stationary and moves by at
least a few millimetres every year. Glaciers
are found in all the high mountain ranges
of North and South America, Asia, Europe
and the Polar regions.
In India, glaciers are found in the higher
ranges of the Himalayas, and all the mighty
rivers in the country originate from these
glaciers. Siachen Glacier, 73 km long and
5 km wide, is India’s largest glacier. Its height
ranges from approximately 12,000 feet to
16,000 feet. The average winter temperature
varies between minus 40 degrees to minus
60 degrees Celsius and in summers it
varies between minus 10 degrees to minus
25 degrees Celsius. Siachen is not inhabited,
and common people cannot live there. The
bitterly cold weather, the lashing winds and
the non-availability of common resources
make it a harsh place for survival. Only
the strong and courageous soldiers of the
Indian Army live in this climatically hostile
area.
Life in Siachen is not an easy one for the
soldiers. There are no roads, tracks, water
pipelines, electricity powerlines or buildings
for protection. All our intrepid soldiers live
in caves, special arctic tents and fibre-glass-
reinforced plastic huts to protect themselves
from the tortuous weather. Their jackets and
trousers are made water- and snow-proof;
layers of warm, thermal clothing protects
them from the cold, piercing winds. Each
29
 of their boots comprises a warm inner boot
and an outer water-proof boot. Carelessness
or lack of proper clothing can result in
frostbite within a matter of minutes, at
times ultimately needing amputations.
Prolonged isolation and confinement to
shelters during snowfalls and blizzards can
be very stressful for the soldiers. They eat
dehydrated, precooked food and water is
not readily available. Since there is no water
to drink, snow has to be melted to make
water for drinking, cooking, washing and
other purposes.
The soldiers use special equipment
such as ice axes, crampons and ladders for
their movement on the glacier. To cover
about 25 km beyond an altitude of 4,200m
requires five to six days. On ice surfaces
movement becomes even slower and more
strenuous. Due to steep gradients, crevasses
and frequent avalanche hazards, driving
special snow scooters across this area is
not only strenuous and hazardous, but also
extremely time consuming. A snow scooter
usually covers about 80 kilometres in five to
six hours. The slopes of the mountains are
unstable and the mountainous area is subject
to frequent landslides and avalanches which
sever surface communications for days.
Every soldier who is required to serve in
Siachen has to undergo a rigorous training
for a month and no soldier is made to serve
at heights above 16,000 feet for more than
three months in a span of three years. This
rule is followed because the climatic and
living conditions on the Siachen Glacier can
have profound adverse effects on the human
body. It is only the bravest of the brave who
can live in Siachen. And our soldiers do that
to protect their motherland.
Courtesy Brig. (Retd) M.S. Gill

Comprehension
A. Choose the correct opƟons.
1. A glacier
a) is always stationary.
b) is not completely stationary.
c) moves only in summers.
2. The impact of prolonged isolation on soldiers
a) could be beneficial.
b) could be fairly negative.
c) is of no significance.
3. Glaciers are found
a) in some continents of the world.
b) in all continents of the world.
c) only in the Polar regions.
30
 4. Every soldier who is required to serve in Siachen has to undergo a
a) rigorous training for one year.
b) rigorous training for one month.
c) a simple training for one year.
5. A soldier serves only for three months in a span of three years at heights
a) above 12,000 feet.
b) below 16,000 feet.
c) above 16,000 feet.
6. Soldiers at Siachen do not use
a) motorcycles.
b) ice axes.
c) waterproof boots.
7. The average summer temperature at Siachen is
a) minus 40 degrees to minus 60 degrees Celsius.
b) 10 degrees to 25 degrees Celsius.
c) minus 10 degrees to minus 25 degrees Celsius.

B. Answer the following quesƟons.

1. Why is the Siachen Glacier an unsuitable place for habitation?
2. How do the soldiers protect themselves from the hostile weather in Siachen?
3. How is water made available for various uses?
4. What are the hurdles faced by a soldier commuting across the glacier?
5. What could be the result of a frostbite?

C. The phrases/sentences given below are from the passage. Replace the word
in italics with a synonym.
1. It is not completely stationary.
2. All our intrepid soldiers live in caves.
3. Protect themselves from the tortuous weather.
4. Driving special snow scooters across this area is strenuous and hazardous.
5. Living in Siachen can have profound adverse effects on the human body.

31
 15 Passive Voice
A. Write A in front of acƟve sentences and P in front of passive sentences.
1. Clara bought the children some educational CDs.
2. The truth was revealed by the students.
3. Everyone was given a treat.
4. Hari took the dog for a walk.
5. The new edition of this book will be published next year.
6. The trainer gave the boys permission to leave.
7. The prize-winning story was written by Gayatri.
8. The tourists were guided by the guide.

B. Change the following sentences into passive voice.

Example: Sheela sang a song.
A song was sung by Sheela.
1. Judy wrote a few letters.

2. The teacher gave an inspiring lecture.

3. Anita learnt the tables.

4. Mother Teresa helped the slum-dwellers.

5. David chased the rabbits.

6. Hari broke the desk.

7. Farah plays the guitar.

8. Stephen bought the biscuits.

32
C. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.
1. Tara was (tell) by her cousin Heena
that they both would be going for a trek in the hills.
A few clothes and some tins of preserved food were
(pack) by the two girls. The route to be
followed was (explain) by Heena’s father.
A torch was (put) into their backpack
by Heena’s mother and the girls were
(instruct) by their parents that they should be cautious
at all times. The girls were (drop) at a
point on the highway by their driver.

2. Maria decided to bake a cake. Three eggs were

(beat) well and a cup of sugar was
(add). The mixture was further
(beat) and a cup of oil was added. Two
teaspoons of baking powder and two tea cups of flour
were (add) to the mixture and beaten
well. The mixture was (pour) into a
baking dish and (bake) at 180 degrees
centigrade for 45 minutes.

3. A car coming from Shimla was (hit) by a

speeding truck. The driver of the car was
(injury). An ambulance was (call) by a
passer-by and the victim was (take) to
a nearby hospital. The truck driver was
(arrest) and an inquiry was (order) to
investigate the cause of the accident.

33
 D. Write your own recipe for a delicious sandwich. Use any bread and Įlling/
spread of your choice.
You may begin like this:
Two large slices of freshly baked brown bread should be taken.

E. Cut out any four news headlines in the passive voice from old newspapers
and sƟck them in the space given below.

Example: Nine Awarded for Bravery

34
 Homonyms, Homophones
16
and Homographs
Homonyms are words which have the same spelling and pronunciation as each other but
their meanings and origins are different.
Example: dear (a loved one), dear (costly)
Homophones are words which have the same pronunciation as each other but their spellings
and meanings are different.
Example: dough, doe
Homographs are words which are spelt the same as each other but their pronunciation and
meanings are different.
Example: desert (a dry barren place), desert (abandon a place)

A. Fill in the blanks with homophones of the italicized words to complete the
sentences.
1. They have decided to labour on higher wages.
2. The council members have decided to the convict.
3. Your dress will the shoes, and you are bound to get a
compliment for your attire.
4. I paid a bus of twenty rupees to reach the fair at Central
Park in the city.
5. Playing loud band music is in this part of the city.
6. Santa gave us many presents in the of our parents.
7. I am the person who has not taken a study loan for this course.

B. Use the homographs/homonyms of the words in italics to make sentences of

your own. Your sentence should clearly bring out the meaning of the word.
1. We cannot find many does in the forest.
2. This is the course we should follow.
3. I have learned the lesson quite well.
4. Please present your ideas to the class.
5. Did you manage to record her song?
6. I cannot row a boat by myself.
7. I bought the stationery from Study Well.
8. The sow could not find her piglets.
35
 17 Restrictive Relative Clause
A. Underline the relaƟve clauses in the following sentences.
1. The school that I attended last year has shut down.
2. The books which were lying in the verandah have got wet in the rain.
3. Tara was the one who helped me out last evening.
4. Gandhi became the leading figure in the struggle that
got us freedom.
5. The boats that are sailing in a row belong to my uncle.
6. People who value time are usually successful in life.
7. My friends on whom I relied have let me down.
8. The florist whose shop was robbed is my neighbour.

B. Match the two columns to make sensible sentences.

A B
1. These are the presents a) whose bags have been stolen.
2. Those are the flowers b) that departed on time has still not
arrived.
3. My cousin c) which should be wrapped for Christmas.
4. The saplings d) whom you met yesterday is willing to
help us.
5. They are the boys e) that I wanted for making an
arrangement.
6. The operator f) that I planted last year have grown quite
well.
7. The cake g) who works here is not attending any
calls.
8. The train h) that I bought last evening has got
spoiled.

C. Frame sentences with the following clauses.

1. that cannot be repaired
2. whom dad taught to drive a car
36
 3. who cooked this meal
4. which we bought last year
5. whose cycle has been stolen
6. who fetches the children from school
7. who won the prize
8. that we use regularly

D. With the help of who, that, which, whom or whose, link the following pairs
of sentences.
Example: They have employed a teacher. We interviewed her last week.
They have employed the teacher whom we interviewed last week.
1. The house is in ruins. The house was built in the nineteenth century.

2. I was introduced to the scientist. The scientist had worked in India five years ago.

3. I love my aunt the most. She is arriving today.

4. I have gifted her some dresses. I bought them from Dress Well.

5. This pizza is stale. I bought it from Fresh Fast Food.

6. Those children belong to our school. They are playing on the swing.

7. A student’s painting was awarded the first prize. He is my nephew.

37
 8. The tunnel is very long. We passed through it.

E. Read the following paragraphs. Underline the restricƟve relaƟve clauses.

Timothy and Larry were determined to help the police in finding the thieves and the
jewels which had been stolen from the bank. They got a clue from one of the peons
who worked in the bank, but he was too scared to speak about it openly. He made a
rough map that would help the boys to reach the spot where the treasure had been
hidden.
The boys took the route which they had been told to them. They reached a spot that
had been marked on the map. Then they followed a narrow track that finally took
them to a cave. In the cave, they found a box whose lock was sealed. It had been left
there by the robbers who had robbed the bank.
Larry called up the police and they reached the spot within no time. The police opened
the box and found a large number of jewels in it. The police officer who thanked the
boys said that the cave would give them some clues to trace the offenders.

F. Some of the following sentences have a wrong relaƟve pronoun. Correct

them using the correct ones. Write ‘correct’ when there is no mistake.
1. Ayesha met the man who had travelled 200 km on foot.

2. The cow who was sick died yesterday.

3. Who is the girl which was nominated as the leader of the group?

4. There are thirteen houses in this neighbourhood which are affected by the flood.

5. Name the sportspersons which won the Arjuna Award in 2017.

38
18 The Dandi March
The Dandi March, which triggered the
wider Civil Disobedience Movement, was an
important part of the Indian independence
movement. The Salt Satyagraha campaign
was based upon Gandhi’s principles of
non-violent protest called satyagraha.
In Sanskrit the word satya means ‘truth’, and
aagraha means ‘asking for’. It was a campaign
of non-violent protest against the British salt
tax in colonial India. The campaign began
with the Salt March to Dandi.
On 12 March 1930, Gandhi and
78 male satyagrahis set out on foot for
the coastal village of Dandi, Gujarat, over
390 kilometres from their starting point at
Sabarmati Ashram. According to the media,
about 100,000 people crowded the road
that separated Sabarmati from Ahmedabad.
The first day’s march of 21 kilometres ended
in the village of Aslali. Here Gandhi spoke
to a crowd of about 4,000 people. Gandhi
and his followers halted at many villages.
Crowds welcomed the marchers, beating
drums and cymbals. Gandhi gave speeches
to tell people why the salt tax was inhumane
and the Salt Satyagraha was essential.
The villagers willingly provided Gandhi
and his men food and a place to rest and
wash. The villagers gave donations and
registered as new satyagrahis. Many village
officials resigned from their jobs to end
their cooperation with British rule.
Thousands of satyagrahis and leaders like
Sarojini Naidu joined Gandhi. Every day,
more and more people joined the march.
At Surat, they were greeted by 30,000
people. When they reached the railhead at
Dandi, more than 50,000 had gathered to
support them.
Gandhi gave interviews and wrote
articles along the way. Journalists, in India
and across the world, were keeping a track
39
 of this incredible march. Near the end of
the march, Gandhi declared, ‘I want world
sympathy in this battle of Right against
Might.’
Gandhi and his followers reached Dandi
on 5 April. On 6 April, after a prayer, Gandhi
raised a lump of salty mud and declared,
‘With this, I am shaking the foundations
of the British Empire.’ He then boiled the
salt in sea water to produce ‘illegal’ salt. He
urged his thousands of followers to likewise
begin making salt along the seashore.
Gandhi wouldn’t rest. He planned to
raid Dharasana Salt Works; but before
he could do so, he was arrested on 5 May
1930. During the period of the satyagraha
against the salt tax, over 80,000 Indians
were jailed. This prolonged movement was
reported through newspapers and newsreels
right across the world. The campaign had a
significant effect on changing the attitude
of the people across the world and the
British towards Indian independence. It
also inspired large numbers of Indians
to actively join the fight for freedom. The
march to Dandi was indeed one of the most
historic moments of India’s struggle for
freedom.

Comprehension
A. Choose the best opƟons.
1. Satyagraha means
a) asking for truth.
b) nonviolence.
2. Satyagraha is a word.
a) Gujarati
b) Sanskrit
3. Gandhi and his followers first halted at
a) Aslali.
b) Sabarmati Ashram.
4. The march began with
a) many men and a few women.
b) only men.
5. Gandhi was arrested
a) one month after he first made ‘illegal’ salt.
b) a week after he made ‘illegal’ salt.
6. India won independence years after the Dandi March.
a) 30
b) 17
40
 7. Sarojini Naidu, who participated in the Dandi March, was a leader and a
.
a) novelist
b) poet

B. Match the following.

approximate number of
site
people gathered
1. the road that separated Sabarmati from Ahmedabad 50,000
2. Aslali 30,000
3. Surat 4,000
4. railhead at Dandi 100,000

C. Answer the following quesƟons.

1. How did the villagers support Gandhi and his followers?
2. Why did Gandhi give speeches in the villages he halted to rest?
3. What did Gandhi do at Dandi?
4. What impact did the march have on the people of India and those in other parts
of the world?

D. Choose a word from the speciĮed paragraphs to complete the following

statements.
1. On our way to Shimla, we
2. The social workers
victims of the flood. (para 5)
3. My parents play a very
4. I am deeply
for a night at Kasauli. (para 2)
the people to come forward and help the
role in my life. (para 6)
by the young leaders of the world. (para 6)

41
 19 Past Perfect Tense
A. Fill in the blanks with the past parƟciples of the appropriate verbs given in
the box.

rise take sleep strew forget fly do burn

1. He had before dinner was served.

2. The water had so high that the people had to be evacuated to
safer places.
3. I had permission from my parents before I volunteered to teach
the slum-dwellers.
4. Scraps of papers had been all over the place and it took me an
hour to clean the lawn.
5. I had completely about the party till the time Reena called up
and asked me what I was planning to wear that evening.
6. The new aircraft was by the most experienced pilot before it was
sold to the airlines company.
7. I had the cooking an hour before the guests arrived.
8. The hut had completely down before the fire engines arrived.

B. Choose the correct opƟon.

1. The plane had left/left before we arrived at the airport.
2. She had come/came to visit me before she left for Canada.
3. The rain had stop/stopped before we came out of the house.
4. She sang/had sung that song in the first round also.
5. I had sought/seeked my friend’s help before I asked the
teacher for her assistance.
6. He had hit/hitted the dog before it died of injuries.
7. I had saw/seen the movie before she did.
8. I learnt French after I had learned/learned German.

42
C. Match the columns to make sensible sentences.
A B
1. Tina had left the museum a) but she continued to tell lies.
2. Since the flight had been delayed, b) but they did not keep their word.
3. I reached the hospital on time c) but the doctor had left for an
emergency.
4. Geeta had been warned earlier d) the fire engine reached the spot.
5. Rohit rushed to the auditorium e) the ambulance had reached the spot.
6. Before I could call for help, f) but his turn had been taken by
another student.
7. The fire had died long before g) before I reached there.
8. The organizers had promised to h) we managed to board the plane.
invite a film star for the show

D. Five past perfect phrases are missing from the following paragraph. Choose
the phrases from the box and insert them wherever appropriate.
had been asked had broken out had complained
had been built had sent
The municipal corporation’s decision to demolish the illegal structures that
without the permission of the corporation was a hard one. The
residents of the area against these encroachers but no action was
taken. A fire that in one of these sheds propelled the government
into action. The corporation several warnings before it was compelled
to send legal notices to all the shed owners. Before the structures were broken down
the people to move out to other places.

E. Frame sentences in the past perfect tense using the following verbs.
1. rise
2. teach
3. deliver
4. sleep
5. steal
6. forgive
7. lose
8. sting
43
 20 The Inƙnitive
A. Rewrite the sentences beginning with it.
Example: To drive a car is easy.
It is easy to drive a car.
1. To tell a lie is wrong.

2. To walk on the hot sand is difficult.

3. To bring him back is my duty.

4. To study here is a privilege.

5. To hurt animals is cruel.

6. To play is every child’s desire.

7. To water the plants regularly is essential.

8. To speak loudly is impolite.

B. Join the following sentences using inĮniƟves.

Example: The children bought a beach ball. They wanted to play.
The children bought a beach ball to play.
1. Anita went to the confectioner. She wanted to buy some pastries.

2. Father switched on the TV. He wished to watch the news.

44
 3. My teacher gave me some books. She wanted me to return them to the librarian.

4. Hari bought a new bat. He wanted to use it for the

final match.

5. The teachers had a meeting. They felt the need to discuss

the school discipline.

6. Our neighbours have gone to Kolkata. They wanted to meet their grandchildren.

7. Mummy bought a new oven. She wishes to bake cakes at home.

8. She painted the box. She wanted to give it a new look.

C. Complete the following sentences with suitable inĮniƟve phrases.

1. Amina likes .
2. Our dog doesn’t like .
3. We wanted .
4. The horse tried .
5. The hotel manager wanted .
6. The policeman tried .
7. I might go to Odisha .
8. Geeta hopes .

45
 D. Complete each of the following sentences using one of the verbs given in
Box A in the past tense and the inĮniƟve form of the ones given in Box B.
A
refuse plan try jump want have wish shout

B
play help wake up gain catch visit study board

1. He any of us with our work.

2. Sheela the bus, but it drove off before she could do so.
3. Susan his attention but he simply pretended he had
not heard her.
4. This morning we Granny, but then we heard that she
was planning to visit us instead.
5. I early to catch the train.
6. Rahul the ball, but he just missed
the catch.
7. The children a little longer, but
the watchman asked them to leave.
8. Mani at Harvard, but her father
couldn’t afford the high fee.

E. Make a set of eight rules/warnings for students in a boarding school by

adding an inĮniƟve of your choice to the incomplete sentences. Include
rules to be followed in the playĮeld, classroom and the dormitory.
Example: Every new student is required to give a brief introduction of herself/himself to
all his roommates.
1. It is important for every student .
2. It is dangerous .
3. It is essential .
4. Remember .
5. It is a sports rule .
6. Every student is allowed .
7. You are not allowed .
8. The students are expected .
46
21 P.G. Wodehouse
The British author Pelham Grenville
Wodehouse wrote almost 100 novels and
authored 36 plays. He was also involved in
the making of 24 films.
Pelham was born in 1881 in Guildford,
England. His friends and relatives called
him Plum because as a child he would say
Plum instead of Pelham. His father lived on
a pension and could barely afford to educate
his four sons.
Wodehouse first worked as a junior clerk
in the London branch of the Hongkong and
Shanghai Bank. He began writing stories for
boys’ magazines. After six of his stories were
well received, he resigned from his job at the
bank and entered the field of adult fiction.
In 1914, he married Ethel Rowley.
They both loved animals and their house
was usually full of pets. As a drama critic,
he brought out lively, humorous articles.
The tall, well-built P.G. Wodehouse had
an impressive personality and was also very
good-natured. He had an abiding faith in
the goodness of man.
One day while sitting on the top floor of
a mansion (hired for supervising rehearsals),
Plum dropped a letter, due to be posted, out
of the window. Quite alarmed, his friend
asked him to explain that act. Plum replied
that he couldn’t make the effort to go and
post the letter, so he expected some good
soul to post it for him.
Not convinced, the friend asked
Wodehouse to ‘post’ him a letter in the same
manner. Two days later, the friend received
a letter through a man who had picked it
up in the street. When the friend called
up Plum to give him the news, the happy
sender explained that he had tossed it out
of the window only twenty minutes back.
Such was his faith in humanity.
Ethel and Plum lived happily in a
household full of pets at Le Touquet in
Northern France. With the war coming up,
the couple was advised to leave and take
a flight across the Channel. But the flight
meant parting with the animals and keeping
them in a six-month quarantine. Neither of
them was willing to leave these animals in
confinement devoid of love. Instead, they
decided to drive down to Portugal with the
animals and then sail with the animals from
Lisbon to America. But, before they could
even leave France, the Nazis had reached.
Initially, the Nazis were convinced that the
Wodehouses were harmless, because Plum
had no military or political affiliation. They
were allowed to live in their home, provided
Plum made a daily appearance at the
commandant’s office.
47
 But suddenly, one day he was asked to
pack his bags and leave with the Nazis.
Ethel was allowed to live in occupied
France, while Plum was taken from one
prison to another and finally brought to
Tost, Poland.
While in prison, Plum maintained a
diary, recording the rigours faced by the
800 prisoners. His writings in the prison
too were marked with a touch of humour
and gaiety. Later, a friend of his addressed
a petition to the German Prison Authority,
seeking the release of the author. The
petition was also signed by the editors of
the magazines Plum had worked for and
also by a number of Senators.
Eventually, Plum was released and sent
to Berlin where he lived in a hotel, for which
he paid from the amount that came to him
as royalties of the European editions of his
books.
P.G. Wodehouse moved to New York
City in 1947 and became its citizen in
1956. In 1975, he was knighted by Queen
Elizabeth II. The very same year he died.
The world might have lost him but he has
left behind the unforgettable scatterbrained
Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves.

A. Fill in the blanks to complete the Ňowchart.

Wodehouse worked at the and Shanghai Bank.
¾
He began writing stories for .
¾
He resigned from his job at the bank and entered .
¾
Plum married .
¾
Plum was taken from one prison to another and finally .
¾
A petition was sent to , seeking the release of Plum.
¾
Plum was released and sent to Berlin.

B. Answer the following quesƟons.

1. Which incident convinced Plum’s friend that Plum’s faith in humanity was not
futile?
2. Why did Plum and his wife not take a flight to America? What did they plan to
do instead?
3. How did Plum pass his time in the prison?
4. Which important event of Plum’s life took place in the year he died?
48
22 Idioms
A. Match the following ‘word’ idioms with their meanings.
A B
1. word of honour a) make the final remark in an argument
2. weigh one’s words b) clever use of language
3. not mince words c) a serious and sincere promise
4. have the last word d) choose one’s words carefully
5. play on words e) make a request or give an order
6. say the word f ) speak plainly and directly
7. in a word g) right from the start
8. from the word go h) very briefly

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate idioms from the ones given above.
1. I knew that it would be an easy task for me.
2. Jai is ready to give his that he will not let us down.
3. As soon as the police inspector , his men will begin the
investigation.
4. A tongue-twister is a .
5. While giving your explanation, you must to avoid
any mistakes.
6. , I’ll say that he has been magnanimous.
7. She did while rebuking him for his bad conduct.
8. Prashant always wants to in every discussion that
we have.

C. ‘Body’ idioms
The prisoner complained that people would turn their backs on him.
Turn one’s back means ‘ignore or reject someone previously known or close to you’.
Here are some more expressions related to the body. Infer the meaning of the
expressions from the context.
49
 Write the meanings down and check your answers by looking up in a
dicƟonary or asking your teacher.
1. The smuggler feared the long arm of the law.

2. Unpleasant people must be kept at arm’s length.

3. The proprietor has shut his eyes to the problems faced by the workers.

4. I had to pay through the nose for this carpet; I wonder if it was worth it.

5. I am going to fight tooth and nail to get this order for my company.

6. I have burned my fingers once and I am not going to invest my money with you.

7. If you see the problem through my eyes you will understand the cause of my agitation.

D. With the help of a dicƟonary, write an idiom related to each of the following
animals. Then write their meanings.
idiom :
1. cat
meaning :

idiom :
2. dog
meaning :

idiom :
3. horse
meaning :

idiom :
4. lion
meaning :

idiom :
5. mouse
meaning :

50
23 As, Since and Because
A. Match the following to make sensible sentences.

A B
1. Since dad promised to take us
for a holiday,
2. Since Granny dislikes long
journeys,
3. As the journey is a long one,
4. The journey is expected to be
a very rough one
5. Dad is not going to allow any of
us to read during the journey
6. Since Granny will not be with us,
a) because he wants us to enjoy
watching nature.
b) we shall leave the house early
in the morning.
c) because the roads are in poor
condition.
d) we are going to Nainital for a week.
e) we are going to miss her a lot.
f ) she will not join us for this holiday.

B. Use as, since or because to complete the following sentences.

1. we were asked to reach there before sunrise, we left the
house very early.
2. His services were extended he worked earnestly.
3. I have been trained to give first aid, I think I am
competent enough to bandage this wound.
4. We will have to reschedule the wedding my cousin
cannot get leave this year.
51
 5. my mother is unwell, I will not be able to join you for
the trip to Rajasthan.
6. our team is a united one, we usually win all the matches.
7. I couldn’t run any further I had sprained my ankle.
8. it is getting dark, we should return home.

C. Complete the following paragraph using as, since or because.

Neha is popular among her friends she is very friendly by nature.
she is very sensitive, she cannot see anyone in pain. All the teachers
are very fond of her she is a sincere student.
she is the class leader, she ensures that all her classmates work as a united group.
she is a brilliant and hard-working student, the principal has
decided to nominate her for the Student of the Year award.

D. Look at the picture given below. Write six sentences using since, as or because
to describe the picture.
Example: The sky has grown dark because of the heavy grey clouds.

52
 Adjectives and Adjective
24
Order
A. Look at the picture given below. Write a paragraph to describe the scene.
Use at least two adjecƟves to describe the nouns you see in the picture.

B. Rewrite the following jumbled sentences and remember to place the

adjecƟves in the correct order.
1. I my like old tunic chequered.
2. bear she gifted big me a brown.
53
 3. he man kind is a old.
4. mummy plastic small bought three toys.
5. she colourful has a semi-precious collection of stones.
6. our brown library has wooden tables.
7. black she large has sparkling eyes.
8. chicken a large we ordered spicy pizza.

C. Complete the following paragraph by Įlling in adjecƟves in each blank in

their correct order.
Uncle Sam has gifted me a kitten. She has
hair and eyes. I have used a
basket to make her bed. My new pet looks
even prettier when she curls up on the cushions that
I have placed in the basket. Father has bought a ball for
her to play and my younger brother likes to scare her with
a toy dog. My little kitten is quite playful
and she often chases squirrels across the garden.

D. Look around your classroom and write a descripƟon of it.

Or
Describe the view from your classroom window.
Remember to use two or three adjectives for the things or people you describe.
Include at least eight nouns in the description.

54
25 Spelling
A. Read the following poem and underline the words beginning with a blend
and circle the ones that begin with a digraph.

How Doth the LiƩle Crocodile

How doth the little crocodile
Improve his shining tail,
And pour the waters of the Nile
On every golden scale!

How cheerfully he seems to grin,

How neatly spreads his claws,
And welcomes little fishes in
With gently smiling jaws!
Lewis Carroll

B. Complete the words in the sentences with -us, -ous, -eous or -ious.
1. We had an adventur holiday last month.
2. Aunt Dina has lost some prec stones.
3. Ours is a relig family.
4. Jaya wants to watch the circ .
5. Professor Smith is quite fam in our college.
6. I am ashamed of your atroc behaviour.
7. It was very courag of him to have dived into the water and saved her
from the shark.
8. I like children who are court .

55
 C. Some words below are spelled incorrectly. Circle them. Write their correct
spelling. You may refer to a dicƟonary.
1. mysterious 9. tedeious
2. tigeress 10. vigoruos
3. luxurius 11. furious
4. delicious 12. hilarius
5. previos 13. dangerus
6. gracious 14. spacious
7. instantaneus 15. infectius
8. mysterius 16. marvellos

D. Circle the misspelled words in the following passage. Correct and rewrite
them below.
That was twetny-fore hours ago. Since then noboby had come neer him. The day
befour, all day long, he had wached his parents flyng about with his brothers and
sistter, perfecting then in the art of flight, teaching them how to skim the wavs and
how to dive for fish. Standing on a rock, he nad, in fact, seen his older brother catch
his first herring and devor it, while his parents circled around raising a pruod cackle.
And all the morning the whole family had walked about on the big plato midway
dowm the oposite clif taunting him for his covardice.

56