SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

English for Academic

and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Reaction Paper and Concept Paper
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Reaction Paper and Concept Paper
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao.

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i
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

English for Academic

and Professional
Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Reaction Paper and Concept Paper

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We
encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

OVERVIEW 1

MODULE CONTENT 1

PRETEST 3

Lesson 1

Activity 1 7

Activity 2 12

Activity 3 13

Activity 4 16

Activity 5 17

Lesson 2

Activity 1 19

Activity 2 27

Activity 3 28

Activity 4 29

Lesson 3

Activity 1 33

Activity 2 35

Activity 3 35

Activity 4 36

Activity 5 37

Lesson 4

Activity 1 39

Activity 2 43

Activity 3 47

Activity 4 48

POST TEST 50

REFERENCES 53

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

For the Learners

Congratulations for completing module 1! You have come to module 2.

You are now ready for the next step of learning English for Academic and
Professional Purposes. This module will let you try to write different technical
or scientific reports applicable to your strand. This is already the last part of
the course so give it your best efforts. To learn more effectively, do not forget
to enjoy learning. Good luck!

Module Content

This is where you start to write reaction papers and concept papers which are
needed in your future careers. These will also allow you to become critical thinkers
and creative writers.
These are the competencies covered in the lessons:

• Uses appropriate critical writing a critique such as formalism, feminism, etc.

(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Id-f-16)
• Writes an objective/balanced review or critique of a work of art, an event or
a program (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Id-f-18)
• Determines the ways a writer can elucidate on a concept by definition,
explication and clarification (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ig-j-20)
• Compare and contrast various kinds of concept papers: Home Economics;
Agri. Fishery; I.A; ICT (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ig-j-23)
• Presents a novel concept or project with accompanying visuals/ graphic aids
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ig-j-24)

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To do well in this module, you need to remember the following:

1. Please DO NOT write anything in this module. Write your answers in your
notebook.
2. Read texts carefully so that you can easily comprehend what you are
reading.
3. Answer questions with all honesty. Success does not come from copying
from others. It is made possible by trying hard on your own so that you can
learn even from your mistakes.
4. Review your answers. It is safe to go back and think about what you have
written. This can help you lessen if not avoid errors.
5. Follow instructions given and ask if there is something that you did not
understand.
6. Do the tasks given and do not delay in submitting requirements. This can
help you avoid having a pile of unfinished activities.
7. Feel free to communicate with your teacher. There is no harm in asking for
clarification so that you will not be lost in confusion.
8. Remember to review every time you are done answering the activities.
9. Have fun as you learn. This course is very important no matter what your
strand is. When you have fun, you can easily learn the lessons.

For the Facilitator

Your role is to help learners be able to do more critical thinking and
apply strategies that will help them express their ideas. Encourage the
learners to create their own outputs and assist them in the lessons that they
may find difficult. Please take note of the following:
1. Explain to the learners the different parts of the module and how it should
be used.
2. Do not give points to their answers in the process questions; rather, use
their responses as your formative assessment. This will give you an idea
of how the learners process their understanding.
3. Monitor their answers and remember to give feedback whenever
necessary. Every time they submit an output, give your feedback so that
they can immediately correct and adjust.
4. The self -review will help you assess how ready they are for the next
lesson. See what they have chosen so that you can help them if they
have chosen the icon that refers to having more difficulty.
5. Use the What’s More activities as scaffolds for them to do the What I Can
Do activity which is the application part of the lesson.
As a facilitator, you do not need to do lectures since the module is
already talking to the learner. God Bless!

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 WHAT I KNOW

Let us check your prior knowledge about this module’s coverage.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

1. The New Critics were:

A. Feminist critics
B. Psychological Critics
C. Marxist critics
D. Formalist critics

2. What approach to literary criticism requires the critic to know about the author's life
and times?
A. All of these
B. Mimetic
C. Historical
D. Formalist

3. Formalist critics believe that the value of a work cannot be determined by the
author's intention. What term do they use when speaking of this belief?
A. The intentional fallacy
B. The affective fallacy
C. The pathetic fallacy
D. The objective correlative

4. Which poet popularized the term objective correlative, which is often used in
formalist criticism?
A. Virginia Woolf
B. C.S. Lewis
C. T.S. Eliot
D. Matthew Arnold

5. In a Freudian approach to literature, concave images are usually seen as:

A. Male symbols
B. Evidence of an Oedipus complex
C. Phallic symbols
D. Female symbols

6. He was an influential force in archetypal criticism.

A. Freud
B. Jung
C. Richards
D. Tate

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7. Seven is an archetype associated with:
A. Astrology
B. Perfection
C. Birth
D. Death

8. This feminist critic proposed that all female characters in literature are in at least
one of the following stages of development: the feminine, feminist, or female stage.
A. Virginia Woolf
B. Ellen Mores
C. Mary Wolstencraft
D. Elaine Showalter

9. A critic argues that in John Milton's "Samson Agonistes," the shearing of Samson's
locks is symbolic of his castration at the hands of Delilah. What kind of critical approach
is this critic using?
A. Mimetic approach
B. Psychological approach
C. Historical approach
D. Formalist approach

10. One archetype in literature is the scapegoat. Which of these literary characters
serves that purpose?
A. Billy Budd
B. Hamlet
C. Captain Ahab
D. Ophelia

11. One of the disadvantages of this school of criticism is that it tends to make readings
too subjective.
A. Reader Response Criticism
B. Formalist Criticism
C. Historical Criticism
D. These are all equally subjective

12. This literary critic coined the term "fancy."

A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
B. Virginia Woolf
C. Matthew Arnold
D. Carl Jung

13. Michael Foucault was the major practitioner of this school of criticism.
A. Structuralism
B. Mimetic Criticism
C. Deconstructionism
D. Formalist Criticism

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14. This critical approach assumes that language does not refer to any external reality.
It can assert several, contradictory interpretations of one text.
A. Structuralism
B. Deconstructionism
C. Formalist Criticism
D. Mimetic Criticism

15. A critic examining John Milton's "Paradise Lost" focuses on the physical
description of the Garden of Eden, on the symbols of hands, seed, and flower, and on
the characters of Adam, Eve, Satan, and God. He pays special attention to the epic
similes and metaphors and the point of view from which the tale is being told. He looks
for meaning in the text itself, and does not refer to any biography of Milton. He is most
likely a ____ critic.
A. Formalist
B. Mimetic
C. Reader Response
D. Feminist

16. This literary critic warned: "We must remember that the greater part of our current
reading matter is written for us by people who have no real belief in a supernatural
order . . . And the greater part . . . is coming to be written by people who not only have
no such belief, but are even ignorant of the fact that there are still people in the world
so 'backward' or so 'eccentric' as to continue to believe."
A. Matthew Arnold
B. C.S. Lewis
C. T.S. Eliot
D. G.K. Chesterton

17. A critic of Thomas Otway's "Venice Preserv'd" wishes to know why the play's
conspirators, despite the horrible, bloody details of their obviously brutish plan, are
portrayed in a sympathetic light. She examines the author's life and times and
discovers that there are obvious similarities between the conspiracy in the play and
the Popish Plot. She is most likely a _________ critic.
A. Tory
B. Historical
C. Feminist
D. Psychological

18. This poet might be described as a moral or philosophical critic for arguing that
works must have "high seriousness."
A. T.S. Eliot
B. Virginia Woolf
C. Elizabeth Browning
D. Matthew Arnold

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19. A critic examining Pope's "An Essay on Man" asks herself: How well does this
poem accord with the real world? Is it accurate? Is it moral? She is most likely a _____
critic.
A. Mimetic
B. Formalist
C. Feminist
D. Reader Response

20. One of the potential disadvantages of this approach to literature is that it can
reduce meaning to a certain time frame, rather than making it universal throughout the
ages.
A. Historical
B. Feminist
C. Formalist
D. Mimetic

LESSON 1

CRITICAL APPROACHES IN
WRITING A CRITIQUE

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to
1. define critique;
2. identify the various approaches writing a critique;
3. criticize the texts using the different approaches of criticism; and
4. apply the appropriate critical approaches in writing your critique.

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 WHAT'S NEW

ACTIVITY 1. SAY SOMETHING

Directions: Take a look at this picture and give at least five (5) points that you see in
the picture. Write your answers in your notebook.

Process Questions: Write your answers in your notebook.

1. How did you find the picture?

2. By looking at the picture, are you thinking about the beautiful nature?

3. What about the location?

4. Did it cross to your mind who is responsible of taking care of the nature?

5. What about the feeling of the lady jumping onto the water?

6. Did you ask yourself if you would want to do the same?

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 7. What about the reasons why God has created this nature for us?

8. Have you not wondered how God created the beautiful world?

All these questions will be answered critically by using different approaches.

This activity leads you to learn how to write criticism.

WHAT IS IT

What is critique?

A critique is a careful analysis of an argument to determine what is said, how

well the points are made, what assumptions underlie the argument, what issues are
overlooked, and what implications are drawn from such observations. It is a
systematic, yet personal response and evaluation of what you read.

It is a genre of academic writing that briefly summarizes and critically evaluates

a work or concept.

Critiques can be used to carefully analyze a variety of works such as:

• Creative works – novels, exhibits, film, images, poetry

• Research – monographs, journal articles, systematic reviews, theories
• Media – news reports, feature articles

Like an essay, a critique uses a formal, academic writing style and has a clear
structure, that is, an introduction, body and conclusion. However, the body of a
critique includes a summary of the work and a detailed evaluation. The purpose of
an evaluation is to gauge the usefulness or impact of a work in a particular field.

Why do we write critiques?

Writing a critique on a work helps us to develop:

• A knowledge of the work’s subject area or related works.
• An understanding of the work’s purpose, intended audience, development of
argument, structure of evidence or creative style.
• A recognition of the strengths and weaknesses of the work.

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How to write a critique

Before you start writing, it is important to have a thorough understanding of

the work that will be critiqued.

• Study the work under discussion.

• Make notes on key parts of the work.
• Develop an understanding of the main argument or purpose being expressed
in the work.
• Consider how the work relates to a broader issue or context.

Read about the critical approaches. You can highlight some important ideas.
You can use these in expressing your views.

The following are the different approaches in writing a critique:

1. Formalist: This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge

that needs to be examined on its own terms.” All the elements necessary for
understanding the work are contained within the work itself. Of particular interest to
the formalist critic are the elements of form—style, structure, tone, imagery, etc.—that
are found within the text. A primary goal for formalist critics is to determine how such
elements work together with the text’s content to shape its effects upon readers.

Questions to be Asked for Formalistic Approach

A. How is the work’s structure unified?

B. How do various elements of the work reinforce its meaning?
C. What recurring patterns (repeated or related words, images, etc.) can you find?
D. What is the effect of these patterns or motifs?
E. How does repetition reinforce the theme(s)?
F. How does the writer’s diction reveal or reflect the work’s meaning?
G. What is the effect of the plot, and what parts specifically produce that effect?
H. What figures of speech are used? (metaphors, similes, etc.)
I. Note the writer’s use of paradox, irony, symbol, plot, characterization, and style
of narration.
J. What effects are produced? Do any of these relate to one another or to the
theme?
K. Is there a relationship between the beginning and the end of the story?
L. What tone and mood are created at various parts of the work?
M. How does the author create tone and mood? What relationship is there between
tone and mood and the effect of the story?
N. How do the various elements interact to create a unified whole?

2. Gender Criticism: This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the
creation and reception of literary works.” Originally an offshoot of feminist movements,
gender criticism today includes a number of approaches, including the so-called
“masculinist” approach recently advocated by poet Robert Bly. The bulk of gender
criticism, however, is feminist and takes as a central precept that the patriarchal
attitudes that have dominated western thought have resulted, consciously or
unconsciously, in literature “full of unexamined ‘male-produced’ assumptions.”

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3. Feminist criticism attempts to correct this imbalance by analyzing and combatting
such attitudes—by questioning, for example, why none of the characters in
Shakespeare’s play Othello ever challenge the right of a husband to murder a wife
accused of adultery. Other goals of feminist critics include “analyzing how sexual
identity influences the reader of a text” and “examining how the images of men and
women in imaginative literature reflect or reject the social forces that have historically
kept the sexes from achieving total equality.”

Feminist Criticism examines images of women and concepts of the feminine

in myth and literature; uses the psychological, archetypal, and sociological
approaches; often focuses on female characters who have been neglected in previous
criticism. Feminist critics attempt to correct or supplement what they regard as a
predominantly male-dominated critical perspective.

Questions to be asked for Feministic Approach

A. How are women’s lives portrayed in the work?

B. Is the form and content of the work influenced by the writer’s gender?
C. How do male and female characters relate to one another? Are these
relationships sources of conflict? Are these conflicts resolved?
D. Does the work challenge or affirm traditional views of women?
E. How do the images of women in the story reflect patriarchal social forces that
have impeded women’s efforts to achieve full equality with men?
F. What marital expectations are imposed on the characters? What effect do
these expectations have?
G. What behavioral expectations are imposed on the characters? What effect do
these expectations have?
H. If a female character were male, how would the story be different (and vice
versa)?
I. How does the marital status of a character affect her decisions or happiness?

4. Historical: This approach “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the

social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced it—a context that necessarily
includes the artist’s biography and milieu.” A key goal for historical critics is to
understand the effect of a literary work upon its original readers.

Questions to be Asked for Formalistic Approach

A. How does it reflect the time in which it was written?

B. How accurately does the story depict the time in which it is set?
C. What literary or historical influences helped to shape the form and content of the
work?
D. How does the story reflect the attitudes and beliefs of the time in which it was
written or set? (Consider beliefs and attitudes related to race, religion, politics,
gender, society, philosophy, etc.)
E. What other literary works may have influenced the writer?
F. What historical events or movements might have influenced this writer?
G. How would characters and events in this story have been viewed by the writer’s
contemporaries?

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 H. Does the story reveal or contradict the prevailing values of the time in which it
was written? Does it provide an opposing view of the period’s prevailing values?
I. How important is it the historical context (the work’s and the reader’s) to
interpreting the work?

5. Reader-Response Criticism: This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that

“literature” exists not as an artifact upon a printed page but as a transaction between
the physical text and the mind of a reader. It attempts “to describe what happens in
the reader’s mind while interpreting a text” and reflects that reading, like writing, is a
creative process.

6. Structuralism focused on how human behavior is determined by social, cultural

and psychological structures. It tended to offer a single unified approach to human life
that would embrace all disciplines. The essence of structuralism is the belief that
“things cannot be understood in isolation, they have to be seen in the context of larger
structures which contain them. For example, the structuralist analysis of Donne’s
poem, Good Morrow, demands more focus on the relevant genre, the concept of
courtly love, rather than on the close reading of the formal elements of the text.

7. Sociological focuses on man’s relationship to others in society, politics, religion,

and business.

Questions to be asked for Sociological Approach

A. What is the relationship between the characters and their society?

B. Does the story address societal issues, such as race, gender, and class?
C. How do social forces shape the power relationships between groups or classes
of people in the story? Who has the power, and who doesn’t? Why?
D. How does the story reflect the Great American Dream?
E. How does the story reflect urban, rural, or suburban values?
F. What does the work say about economic or social power? Who has it and who
doesn’t? Any Marxist leanings evident?
G. Does the story address issues of economic exploitation? What role does money
play?
H. How do economic conditions determine the direction of the characters’ lives?
I. Does the work challenge or affirm the social order it depicts?
J. Can the protagonist’s struggle be seen as symbolic of a larger class struggle?
K. How does the microcosm (small world) of the story reflect the macrocosm (large
world) of the society in which it was composed?
L. Do any of the characters correspond to types of government, such as a
dictatorship, democracy, communism, socialism, fascism, etc.? What attitudes
toward these political structures/systems are expressed in the work?

Now, you have learned the basic principles of writing criticisms. Let’s apply our
skill by doing these activities.

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 WHAT I CAN DO

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Summarize what you have read by completing the table with what you
understood. Write your answers in your notebook.

APPROACHES IN
LITERARY WHAT IT IS HOW IT IS DONE
CRITICISM (DEFINITION) (TECHNIQUE IN WRITING)
Example: This approach regards A primary goal for formalist
literature as “a unique form critics is to determine how
Formalism of human knowledge that elements of form (style,
needs to be examined on structure, tone, imagery,
its own terms.” etc.) work together with the
text’s content to shape its
effects upon readers.

You have just been given several approaches in literary criticism that you can
use when you make your own review or critique. You can use this in the following
activities. Just remember to apply which is easy for you to do and follow the
techniques in using it.

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 ACTIVITY 3. READ CRITICALLY

Activities 1-3 gave you ideas about the manner and approaches to use in
expressing views. Let us learn more about this skill by reading a text which is an
excerpt of the homily of the Catholic Archbishop of Manila, Jaime Cardinal Sin. But
before you read it, let us define these words first.

Directions: Get the meaning of these words from any dictionary so that you can
understand what you are reading better: Write your answer in your notebook.

WORDS MEANINGS FROM DICTIONARY

Cynic
Demoralize
Destabilize
Anarchic
Unrelentingly
Chronic disease
Callous
Predominant
Transcend
Authentic
Vigorously

Ang Bayan Muna Bago ang Sarili

(Excerpts from the Homily of Jaime Cardinal Sin
at the mass celebrating the 5th death anniversary of Ninoy Aquino)

(1) Five years later, we might ask ourselves; has Ninoy’s dream been fulfilled? Have
we succeeded in building a new nation, by “transcending our petty selves,” by setting
aside our differences by working together in a spirit of true self-giving, loving our
country first, above our own interest? Bayan muna, bago and sarili. It is a question we
must ask ourselves, as we remember Ninoy’s gift.

(2) It has been said that the truest motto of our people is “K.K.K”. No, not Katipunan,
shaping unity out of our diversity. How we wish that were our authentic name! But
rather:

Kanya-Kanya’ng Katwiran,
Kanya-Kanya’ng Kagustuhan,
Kanya-Kanya’ng Kabig (or worse)
Kanya-Kanya’ng Kurakot...
or whatever else each one “specializes” in!

(3) Cynics among us say that K.K.K is the definition of our national character, the
predominant strain in our national culture. It’s what we are when we are “most natural”,

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most ourselves. “Bayan muna, Bago and Sarili” is an abstract, non-operative ideal,
good for speeches, good for posters, goo for classroom rhetoric but not for real, not
for real life. For real is K.K.K.

(4) Kanya-Kanyang Katwiran, Kanya-Kanyang kagustuhan. We all remember the

three monkeys; See no Evil, hear no evil, speak no evil. Sometimes one wonders, if it
has become a national pastime, to see and hear and speak nothing, but evil against
our fellow-citizens. Talk can be a great service in a free nation: Talk is space for free
discussion, for intelligent debate, the exchange of information and perception, the
clash of views.

(5) Ninoy himself said: “We must criticize in order to be free, because we are free only
when we criticized.” We may not, at our own peril, forget that. But we must remind
ourselves that criticism is not an end in itself; it is not the absolute. It is meant to help
us to become free, but if it becomes the all-encompassing output of our days, a way
of life... so it takes up most of our energy, most of our time, when we begin to take
delight in tearing down, demoralizing, destabilizing; when we are at each other’s
throats all day long, then we really are engaged in self-destruction, and the destruction
of hope, the creation of despair, especially among the poor who continue to suffer in
our midst.

(6) There is a Latin saying: “Unicuique suum, non praevalebunt.” “Every man for
himself: That’s the formula for disaster.” When Ninoy spoke of “the quest for that
elusive national unity which is imperative for the nation’s survival”-he said “survival”.
He meant “survival”. How can we survive, as a nation and as a people, if we have
made the name of our national game as anarchic free-for-all in a “basket of crabs?”

(7) K.K.K also means, we are told, Kanya Kanyang Kabig, Kanya- Kanyang Kurakot.
Surely I don’t need to dwell on this theme this morning. For weeks, the papers, radios,
TV, have shouted nothing else. It is the talk of the marketplace. I myself have spoken,
often enough, of the 40 big thieves left behind in our midst, and many many smaller
ones which might include . . . even ourselves? Who among us did not re-echo the
sentiments and the work of the beloved Chino Roces when he asked for a renewed
moral order in government and society? It is a problem which must be addressed, and
addressed vigorously and unrelentingly.

(8) I am sure this will be increasingly done by our president, by consistent personal
example she has set a pattern for others to follow. I know she is bent on pursuing the
battle against corruption with ever more forceful and energetic action. But we know,
we know that she and those around her cannot do this all by themselves. As citizens,
we must go “into an action mode ourselves.” The task cannot be done without us.

(9) We must begin, rather, where we can begin, with ourselves we must ask: What
can we do about it? What in our own heart, in our own attitudes, in our own practices,
14
must be changed? What sacrifices must we ourselves do to make a positive
contribution of deeds, to put under control this chronic illness in our society, and in our
culture?

(10) If all we do is talk and talk, and throw dirt at each other-forgetting to mind the ship
and its engines, and steer it in mine-filled waters-why, we will still be taking and
quarrelling when our ship goes down into the sea!

(11) If everyone in this church this morning, in Ninoy’s memory, pledge before the Lord
that for one year, “Bayan Muna, Bago ang Sarili”, would really be made an operative
guideline, could it not mark at least a beginning? If for one year, just to get going, we
would make the principle govern our deeds, our conduct in society, would that not be
smart already? How can we “dream the impossible dream” and promise to follow the
stars” if we have become too calloused to do even this?

Answer the questions given: Write your answers in your notebook.

1. What critical approach did he use? Explain why you think that is the approach.

2. Do you agree with the author or not? Why or why not?

What you have read is an example of how one expresses opinions using one
approach in criticism. This can be a good model for you to study and follow.

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 ACTIVITY 4

Directions: Read the poem “Adam”, by Hugh Cook critically. Criticize it using
formalistic and feministic approaches. Write your answers on your notebook.

ADAM
by Hugh Cook

“Eden is boring.
Nothing explodes.
There are no trains to fall off the tracks.
And Adam finds himself
With something missing.
Comic books? Broadband? Balsamic vinegar?
Pachinko? Razor blades? Plasma TV?
He's aware of an itch
And scratching
Has yet to be invented.
He eyes the fruit,
The One Forbidden Thing.
"Not yet," says the serpent,
Who's seen the script.
But Adam is engineered for impatience:
Quests, missions, objectives,
Grails unholy or otherwise.
"Out!" says the angel.
And Adam shrugs,
Loses the core,
Strides to the open gate.
Something on two legs
Is running after him.”

Cook, Hugh - Adam. 2003

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 ACTIVITY 5

Directions: Read or silently sing this song entitled “Bahay” by Gary Granada. Make
your criticism by completing the graphic organizer in the next page. Write your
answers in your notebook.

Bahay
by: Gary Granada

Isang araw ako'y nadalaw sa bahay tambakan

Labinglimang mag-anak ang duo'y nagsiksikan
Nagtitiis sa munting barung-barong na sira-sira
Habang doon sa isang mansyon halos walang nakatira

Sa init ng tabla't karton sila doo'y nakakulong

Sa lilim ng yerong kalawang at mga sirang gulong
Pinagtagpi-tagping basurang pinatungan ng bato
Hindi ko maintindihan bakit ang tawag sa ganito
Ay bahay

Sinulat ko ang nakita ng aking mga mata

Ang kanilang kalagayan ginawan ko ng kanta
Iginuhit at isinalarawan ang naramdaman
At sinangguni ko sa mga taong marami ang alam

Isang bantog na senador ang unang nilapitan ko

At dalubhasang propesor ng malaking kolehiyo
Ang pinagpala sa mundo, ang dyaryo at ang pulpito
Lahat sila'y nagkasundo na ang tawag sa ganito
Ay bahay

Maghapo't magdamag silang kakayod, kakahig

Pagdaka'y tutukang nakaupo lang sa sahig
Sa papag na gutay-gutay, pipiliting hihimlay
Di hamak na mainam pa ang pahingahan ng mga patay

Baka naman isang araw kayo doon ay maligaw

Mahipo n'yo at marinig at maamoy at matanaw
Hindi ako nangungutya, kayo na rin ang magpasya
Sa palagay ninyo kaya, ito sa mata ng Maylikha
Ay bahay
Source: Musixmatch

17
 SOCIOLOGICAL

STRUCTURALISM

READER-RESPONSE

18
 LESSON 2

OBJECTIVE/BALANCED REVIEW OR
CRITIQUE OF A WORK OF ART,
AN EVENT OR A PROGRAM

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Competency 6: Writes an objective/balanced review or critique of a work of art, an

event or a program.

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
1. define balanced/objective assessment or criticism of artwork;
2. identify the forms and structures of writing art criticism;
3. identify techniques in reviewing different art forms;
4. interpret the broader context and different types of art; and,
5. write a balanced/objective review or critique of pieces of work.

19
 WHAT'S NEW

ACTIVITY 1. PREPARE YOURSELF

Directions: Take a look at this picture. What can you say about it? List down what
you think in the dialogue box given below. Write your answers in your notebook.

Picture from Microsoft office clip art

1. What are your bases of listing down those words?

2. Are your lists based on facts? How do you know?

3. Do you consider your lists as your opinions? Why?

20
A. What is balanced/objective review or criticism?

It is a system of interpreting, judging, and assessing a person, thing, or any

work of art not influenced by feelings or opinions in considering and presenting
facts.

It is a systematic way of considering the truthfulness of a piece of work.

B. To have balanced/objective review of any piece of work, the following are

considered:

1. Description. Pure description of the object, piece of work, art, event, etc. It
answers the questions:

a. artwork - "What do you see?" (description constitutes form of art,

medium, size and scale, elements or general shapes, color,
texture of surface, and context of object).

b. piece of writing - "What do you see?" (form, structure, choice of words,

length, genre, etc)

2. Analysis. Determining what the features suggest and deciding why the artist
or writers used such features to convey specific ideas. It answers the questions:

a. artwork - "How did the artist do it?"

b. piece of writing-"How did the writer write it?"

The analysis constitutes the following: determination of subject matter, analysis

of the principles of design or composition, use of symbol and other elements, portrayal
of movement and how it is achieved, effect of particular medium, relationships of each
part of the composition to the whole and to each other part, and reaction to object.

3. Interpretation. Establishing the broader context for this type of art. It

answers the questions:

a. artwork - "Why did the artist create it and what does it mean?
b. piece of writing - “Why did the write create it and what does it
mean?

Remember: you shouldn’t make your interpretation too arbitrary! Provide

evidence and point out what exactly influenced your understanding of the artwork.
Here are the elements that you can include in your interpretation:

21
 ▪ How does this art object make you feel?
▪ What do you think of when you’re looking at the artwork?
▪ What did the artist want to tell you as a viewer?
▪ What do you think about the title of the work? Does it influence your
interpretation?
▪ If you can’t understand a painting or a sculpture, don’t hurry to give a
negative response to it. Think of other critics who have provided a
positive evaluation of the examined artwork. It doesn’t mean you
shouldn’t have your opinion! All you need is to find a good way to
express it.

E.g., in this painting, the artist wanted to show us the king’s personality and
achievements.

The interpretation constitutes: (a) Main idea (overall meaning of the work), (b)
Interpretive Statement (Can I express what I think the artwork is about in one
sentence), and (c) Evidence (What evidence inside or outside the artwork supports
my interpretation?).

4. Judgment. Judging a piece of work means giving it rank in relation to other

works and of course considering a very important aspect of the visual arts; its
originality. It answers the questions “Is it a good artwork?” Is it a good composition?

Here are some points that can help you write your judgment:
• How do you think: is the work successful or not?
• Does this art object seem original or not?
• What do you feel when looking at this piece of artwork?
• Go back to your first impression. Has anything changed? What did
you learn?
• If nothing changed, explain your first reaction to the work.
• What have you learned from this work that you might apply to your
own artwork or your thinking?

In judging the piece of work, there must be:

(a) Criteria (What criteria do I think are most appropriate for

judging the artwork or writing?),

(b) Evidence (What evidence inside or outside the artwork or

piece of writing relate to each criterion?)’ and

(c) Judgment (Based on the criteria and evidence, what is my

judgment about the quality of the artwork or piece of writing?).

E.g., the artwork successfully conveys the atmosphere of a battle

through its composition and color scheme. Learning about its
backstory helped me to appreciate the painting even more.

22
C. How to Critique Different Art Forms

As you can imagine, all kinds of masterpieces are subject to art criticism. For
example, you can choose to write about paintings, drawings, sculptures, or even
buildings. And, naturally, all these forms of art have their specific features!

These tips will provide you with an art critique template for anything, be it an oil
painting or a cathedral.

1. Painting Critique. Paint is a medium that emphasizes light, colors, and space.
for example:
• What school of painting does it belong to? Is it typical or unusual for this
particular school?
E.g., Monet’s Water Lilies is a typical Impressionist painting.

• Describe the way the artist applies paint. Are there broad paint strokes,
small points of color, or just a smooth surface? What effect does it help
to achieve?
E.g., Van Gogh’s broad brush strokes help to create a sense of
motion.

• Describe how the light is depicted. Where does the light come from? Is
there a strong value contrast? In what way does the shadow function?
What, in your opinion, does it evoke?
E.g., strong contrast makes the central figures stand out.

• Speak about the handling of space in the picture. Does it look flat or
three-dimensional? What kind of perspective is used? (e.g., one-point
perspective, or bird’s eye view?)
E.g., in this painting, Picasso uses multi-dimensional geometrical
shapes.

2. Sculpture Critique. Similarly, many specific factors influence the overall impression
of a sculpture.

Here are some things to pay attention to:

• Say if the material gives a particular texture to the statue. Is the surface
smooth, or is it uneven?
E.g., Rodin’s sculpture has an unusual earthy texture.

• The surrounding space is just as important as the sculpture itself.

Describe the place (in the museum, in a park, in front of a building) where
it is situated. What does it add to the sculpture?
E.g., the statue appears to walk along the road.

• Speak about the color of the sculpture. Is it painted? Does it rely on

natural lights and shadows?
E.g., the statue is white. A museum floodlight lights it from above,
creating expressive shadows.

23
 • Describe the composition of the sculpture. What does it look like when
you approach it? Did the sculptor provide any instructions on how to
position it?
E.g., the statue is enormous and can be viewed from all sides.

3. Architecture Critique. You can write art critiques on architecture, too!

Just bear in mind the following points:

• What architectural style does it belong to?
E.g., the cathedral is a typical Gothic building.

• Was it built with a purpose? Did a specific person request it?

E.g., the Palace of Versailles was requested by Louis IV as a
symbol of his monarchy.

• Did one architect complete the building, or were there any alterations?
Why were they made?
E.g., the spire was added to the cathedral much later. It became
the integral part of its image.

• What do the exterior and the interior look like? What effect do they
produce? Is there a contrast between them?
E.g., the building has a high ceiling painted like the sky. It also
makes the organ music sound louder.

• Are there statues or paintings on the walls? Discuss them as well!

E.g., statues on the cathedral’s facade illustrate scenes from the
Bible.

4. Photography Critique. Analyzing a photograph is a lot like critiquing a painting.

Still, there are some unique features to consider:

• How does the photographer use focus? Is any part of the image blurry?
What effect does it produce?
E.g., the background is out-of-focus, which has a dreamy effect.
• Is the picture monochrome? If yes, describe its tone, contrast, and
shadows. If no, describe the use of color.
E.g., the picture is in black and white, with stark contrasts.

• If it’s a photo of a face, pay extra attention to the emotion it expresses.

If it’s dynamic, discuss the sense of motion.
E.g., the photograph conveys a sense of cheerfulness through the
girl’s expression and the use of light.

Example of review of artwork (painting) 1:

The Weeping Woman by Pablo Picasso in France, 1937

24
 https://16julianas.weebly.com/art-critique-example.html

Describe:

The Weeping Woman is a painting finished by Pablo Picasso in France, 1937.

This type of artwork can be considered to be expressionism. There isn’t an actual
background scene in the painting. The background is completed with different lines
and colors. The woman is the focus point of this painting. She is wearing an
accessory on top of her head which demonstrates her elegance. My first impression
of the artwork is that the face of the woman is not proportionate and is only painted
with lines, no curves. The main colors that are used in this painting are green,
yellow, blue, purple, red and black. The painting is set mainly of lined and little
curves. The mood and visual effect that this painting portrays can be considered to
be suffering, and sadness.

Analyze:

The colors that the author uses can be considered to be quite different as
each color conveys a separate impression. The light purple that begins at the
bottom top of the woman’s eyes can convey sadness. The other half of the face is
mainly covered in green and yellow; these can be said to interpret other solid
emotions that the painter must have towards this woman as she was a vital
character in Picasso’s life. The painting is created with mainly lines which can mean
that the woman had strong physical features or that her different emotions were felt
passionately as lines are usually seen as strong technical elements. The only
curves that are being used are for her hair and eyes. The eyes look quite down or
depressive. This is because the woman is crying, which goes back to the main mood
which is suffering.

Interpretation:

I believe that Picasso wanted the audience to feel pain and provide a statement

25
that explains how all women feel and the agony that they are consistently in. The
audience can see that the woman has peeled away her flesh by corrosive tears to
reveal her white bones. The handkerchief she tries to stuff in her mouth seems as a
shard of glass. This vivid image can convey pain and hurting. Picasso has expressed
the behavior of this woman several times and often describes the constant tears that
fall off her eyes. So, the feeling conveyed by the artwork is definitely suffering.
Picasso wanted us to feel her and understand the pain that she was going through.
It was not easy to be a woman during that time since females where often frowned
upon. Picasso demonstrates the appreciation that he has for her through this painting
as he wants the audience to understand her.

Judge:

Finally, the artist’s value may be to evoke pain, as mentioned previously. This
is due to the colors that Picasso used and the shapes that he draws; not only these
technical elements but also the images that the painter uses within the actual face of
the woman. The painting relates to the entire female community. This community can
understand the painting and know what Picasso was trying to portray. Every woman
is able understand and comprehend the message behind this painting as we all feel
the same way at one point in our lives. I believe that this is a strong value in the
painting. The weak value lies in the different colors that the painter chooses. I found
it confusing to interpret other areas of the face as the colors that were used didn’t
seem to match other locations of the face.

Example of review of artwork 2: The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci

What Does the Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci Depict?

‘The Last Supper’ of Leonardo da Vinci

is considered to be undoubtedly a
masterpiece. Debates have ensued,
though, concerning the interpretation of
this piece of art. Some even claim that
Leonardo da Vinci tried to transfer a
secret message to us through it. What is
portrayed in this painting that has
attracted and enchanted such a great
amount of viewers?

The painting depicts a supper of twelve disciples of Jesus Christ and Christ
himself before the prophet is betrayed (Essak, 2013). Jesus Christ gathers all together
in order to eat and drink at a table, which is not so big and where the food itself is plain.
This humble atmosphere allows the viewers to focus more on the disciples and Christ.
In addition to this, Christ tells the assembly that one person who is present in that
supper will betray him. The painting actually shows the first moment after this
statement and the reactions of the disciples to this speech (Saunders, 2011).
Leonardo da Vinci artfully depicts shock, surprise and other various human emotions
in his painting. Although every

26
person in the painting possesses unique features, I believe ”The Last Supper’ can be
divided into four symmetrical groups full of life and motion (Essak, 2013).

The group from the left side of Christ reacts impulsively and is united by one
and the same will. One disciple has even stood up and another has his finger raised.
The group that is on right-hand side is characterized by greater reserve. There is a
huge distance between them and Jesus Christ. Judah who can be found among these
disciples holding a pouch, perhaps with silver.

His dark and harsh appearance contrasts magnificently with the innocent and
light figure of John. Some scientists claim that this is not actually John, but Mary
Magdalene, because his face is feminine and gentle (Welborn, 2013). In thinking
critically, this version is hardly believable, as Christ gathered twelve disciples, not
eleven. Otherwise the symbolism of ‘The Last Supper’ does not make any sense.
Between Judah and John, the head of Peter can be seen and moreover, he holds a
knife in his arm as if he would like to protect Jesus. From his right-hand side, another
group of disciples is portrayed. They are turned in profile and it looks like they are
astonished by the news that was introduced. From the opposite side, we may see
Matthew who is asking the same question to the other men trying to find the clear
explanation of what is happening at that particular moment.

Frankly speaking, while searching for a secret code of Leonardo da Vinci in his
painting ‘the Last Supper’, one may lose the real visible goal of the picture. It brilliantly
portrays the discrepancy between the conciliation of Christ with his future, his reserve,
calm and absolutely different emotional states and unique reactions of his disciples to
the piece of news that he will be betrayed. The painting has vague aspects about it
and perhaps hidden symbols, but this is not the reason why this painting attracts
millions of people and involves them into the researches and deep investigation of
every centimeter of this masterpiece.
https://answershark.com/writing/creating-review/art-review/the-last-supper-by-leonardo-da-vinci.html

Based on the above discussions and examples, let us have some activities.
The activities you will do will help you go through the journey one step at a time so you
have to accomplish them with care. Have fun!

27
 WHAT I CAN DO

ACTIVITY 2

One of the Filipino cultures that we continuously preserved and practiced is

“Bayanihan”. It is an expression of spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve a
particular objective.

Directions: Below is the painting of “Bayanihan”; take a look at this, study, analyze,
and write a balanced/objective review of the painting considering the elements
discussed. Write your review in paragraph form in your notebook.

https://www.google.com/search?q=bayanihan+sa+bukid+painting+meaning&source

28
 ACTIVITY 3

This painting below is Tropical Sunset Surfer by Amy Scholten.

Surfer girl walks along a tropical beach during a brilliant red, pink and orange
sunset. This painting reflects our primal need for beauty, warmth and nature.

Directions: With the use of four (4) techniques in writing, take a look at this painting
and write a balanced/objective critique or review. Write your output in your notebook.

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/303500462377912511/

29
 ACTIVITY 4

This artwork is an example of sculpture. This was created by a National Artist

in sculpture, no less than Napoleon Abueva. This Blood Compact Monument
(Sandugo) was performed in the island of Bohol in the Philippines, between the
Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna the chieftain of Bohol
on March 16, 1565, to seal their friendship as part of the tribal tradition.

Directions: With this, write a balanced/objective review or critique following tips

discussed earlier. Write you review in your notebook.

Creator: Michael Ortega Ligalig

Copyright: Photos by Michael Ortega Ligalig/Rappler
Information extracted from IPTC Photo Metadata.
https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+review+of+sculpture+abueva

Note to the teacher:

You can use any of the rubrics below to rate the
output of the students. Also, you will be the one to decide
the scoring of this activity.

Thank you.

30
 RUBRIC IN ART REVIEW
Excellent Good Fair Poor
Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction does
explains author’s explains author’s mentions whre the not present or
selection of the selection of the author came does not explain
artwork in a artwork and that across the artwork how the author
thoughtful manner. caused him to but does not put selected the
consider it further. much effort into artwork.
explaining what
attracted him to
pursue it.
Description Author thoughtfully Author answers Author somewhat Author does not
answers the the question What answers the answer the
question What do I do I see? question What do I question What do
see? Discusses Discusses most see? Discusses I see? Makes a
the size, medium, of the ff: size, some of the ff: weak attempt to
process used and medium, process size, medium, describe the
subject. Author used and subject. process used and artwork describing
shows strong Author discusses subject. A few very few elements
understanding of most of the elements used in in the work.
the elements: line, elements: line, the work are
shape, space, shape, space, discussed.
color, texture, and color, texture, and
value. value.
Analysis Author answers the Author answers Author somewhat Author does not
question: How is the question: How answers the answer the
the work is the work question: How is question: How is
organized? organized? the work the work
Thoroughly Discusses the organized? organized?
discusses the major principles of Discusses a few of Makes a weak
major principles of art in the work. the principles of art effort to mention
art in the work. in the work. the major
principles of art in
the work.
Interpretation Author thoroughly Author answers: Author somewhat Author does not
and thoughtfully What is the artist answers: What is answer: What is
answers: What is trying to the artist trying to the artist trying to
the artist trying to communicate? communicate? communicate?
communicate? The interpretation The interpretation The interpretation
The interpretation is based on some is based on a few is not supported
is based on visual visual facts and visual facts and by visual facts and
facts and clues clues collected. clues collected. clues collected.
collected.
Conclusion Author concludes Author concludes Author concludes Author concludes
with an engaging with an interesting with a somewhat with a shallow
and interesting point about his interesting point reaction to the art
point about his reaction to the art about his reaction work.
reaction to the art work. to the art work.
work.
Mechanics No errors in A few minor errors A few minor errors Distracting and
punctuation, in punctuation, in punctuation, major errors in
spelling, grammar spelling, grammar spelling, grammar spelling, grammar
or capitalization. or capitalization or capitalization or capitalization.
Uses APA style, but they do not that while Header and footer
double-spacing distract the over- distracting, the are not correct.
and 12 point font. all meaning of the meaning can still There are
Header and title essay. Uses APA be discerned. mistakes in
format are correct. style, double- Some APA style, spacing and font.
Paper is at least 3- spacing and 12 double-spacing Paper is less than
4 pages. point font. Header and 12 point font. 3 pages.
and title format are Header and title
correct. Paper is format may not be
at least 3-4 pages. correct. Paper is
not 3 pages.

Rated by: _____________ Date:________ Overall Score:______ Feedbacks: ________

31
 ART CRITICISM
Name: ___________________ Teacher: __________________________
Date : ___________________ Title of Work: ______________________

1 2 3 4
Students will One quarter or less Half of all the Three quarters of All of the relative
examine artworks of all the relative relative elements all the relative elements present in
to form ideas and elements present in present in the work elements present in the work of art are
criteria by which to the work of art are of art are identified the work of art are identified listing
judge/assess identified listing listing factual identified listing factual adjectives;
through the first factual adjectives; adjectives; the tile, factual adjectives; the tile, date,
level of art criticism, the tile, date, date, medium and the tile, date, medium and artist
description in order medium and artist artist name are medium and artist name are identified
to inspire personal name are not identified name are identified accurately.
works and artistic identified accurately. accurately.
growth. accurately.
Students will One quarter of the Half of the relative Three quarters of All of the relative
examine artworks relative principles principles present the relative principles present
to form ideas and present in the work in the work of art principles present in the work of art
criteria by which to of art are identified; are identified; half in the work of art are identified; all
judge/assess One quarter of the of the relative are identified; three the relative
through the second relative principles principles are quarters of the principles are
level of art criticism, are discussed with discussed with relative principles discussed with
analyzation, in reference to the reference to the are discussed with reference to the
order to inspire corresponding corresponding reference to the corresponding
personal works and elements. elements. corresponding elements.
artistic growth. elements.
Students will Either the Either the The The
examine artworks meaning/message meaning/message meaning/message meaning/message
to form ideas and and mood of the and mood of the and mood of the and mood of the
criteria by which to work are all defined work are all defined work are all defined work are all defined
judge and assess using support and using support and using support and using support and
through the third details from one details from half details from three details from all
level of art criticism, quarter or less of relative aspects of quarters of the relative aspects of
interpretation in the relative aspects description and relative aspects of description and
order to inspire of description and analysis; the critic description and analysis; the critic
personal works and analysis; the critic has not categorized analysis; the critic has categorized the
artistic growth. has not categorized the artwork into an has categorized the artwork into an art
the artwork into an art style. artwork into an art style.
art style. style.
Student will The critic’s opinion The critic’s opinion The critic’s opinion The critic’s opinion
examine artworks of the work is of the work is of the work is of the work is
to form ideas and unclear and vague and stated clearly and stated clearly and
criteria by which to supported only one supported in only supported in three supported in all
judge/assess quarter or less of all half of the areas quarters of all areas with reason
through the fourth areas with reason with reason and areas with reason and rationale based
level of art criticism, and rationale based rationale based on and rationale based on previous
judgement in order on previous previous aspects of on previous aspects of the
to inspire personal aspects of the the critique. aspects of the critique.
works and artistic critique. critique.
growth

Teacher Comments: ______________________________________________

This rubric is from www.TeacherJet.com

32
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

I have learned the following important points in this lesson:

1. Balanced/objective review or criticism is a system of interpreting, judging

and any artwork.

2. To produce balanced/objective review of any piece of work should be done

by describing, analyzing, interpreting, and judging.

3. There are different techniques in criticizing various art works.

4. Ideas should be presented in an organized way.

5. To convince the readers, reviewing/criticizing must be objectively written.

GETTING DEEPER!
Lesson:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What I want to say about the lesson:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
What I found out:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

33
 LESSON 3

WAYS TO EXPLAIN A CONCEPT

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
1. determine the ways a writer can elucidate on a concept; and
2. define concept paper

WHAT'S NEW

ACTIVITY 1. AR GUIDE

Directions: Check the Anticipation column, if you think the statement is correct. If
not, write X. Leave the reaction column blank. We will go back to it later. Write your
answers in your notebook.

Anticipation Statement Reaction

A concept paper is about any concept.
It is easy to write a concept paper.
A concept paper aims to clarify a concept.
You simply explain in a concept paper.
You write a concept paper for research.

34
 WHAT IS IT

A concept paper aims to clarify a concept which can be about any topic from
any fields. It can also be a short summary that tells the reader what the project is, why
it is important, and how it will be carried out. Its aim is to capture the thoughts and
ideas while the research proposal captures the ideas in a structured manner for
approval to research. It is not easy to write a concept paper but with careful study and
research, you can create one.

There are many ways a writer can expound a concept. You can use definition,
explication, and clarification.

Definition identifies a term and sets it apart from all other terms that may be
related to it. Often, definitions begin by mentioning the general class to which a term
belongs. Then they provide specifics to distinguish the term from other members of
that class. You can use these techniques:

1. Formal – follows a patter or equation; term+genus+differentia (differentiating

characteristics)
Example: Technology is the branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or
applied sciences.
2. By synonym – using a word or phrase that shares a meaning with the term being
defined.
Example: Technology – Knowledge, Computers
3. By origin or semantic history
Example: Technology comes from the Greek work tekhnologia.
4. By illustration
Example: Technology involves the use of machineries in every aspect of work.
5. By function
Example: Technology uses hi-tech machines to get the work done.
6. By analysis – breaking down wholes into parts, aspects to levels and a process
into steps)
Example: Technology is defined as the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, especially in industry.
7. By likeness of similarity
Example: Technology is likened to modern living where robots exist.
8. By analogy or metaphor
Example: Technology is like a robot that make life easier.
9. By contrast – use of opposites
Example: Unlike the manual work, technology makes work efficient.
10. By negation – stating what the term is not

35
 Example: Technology is not harmful if used properly.

Explication is the process by which concepts are defined for scientific

purposes. "To explicate" something is, in the most general sense of the term, to spell
out its implications. Thus, it is the process of spelling out the implications of
something and derived from this, in turn, is the sense of "explication" that refers to
the product of this process: some account of what the implications of something
are. Explication, in other words, is a kind of explanation.
Clarification is an analysis of an abstract concept through investigation of
examples and the identification of critical and less critical attributes.
These are needed to make your concept paper clear and comprehensible.

WHAT'S MORE

ACTIVITY 2. AR GUIDE

Directions: Let us go back to AR Guide. This time check the Reaction column.
Write your answers in your notebook.

Anticipation Statement Reaction

A concept paper is about any concept.
It is easy to write a concept paper.
A concept paper aims to clarify a concept.
You simply explain in a concept paper.
You write a concept paper for research.

ACTIVITY 3. DEFINE AND EXPLAIN

Directions: Define and explain each concept applying at least three (3) techniques
in definition. Write your answers in your notebook.

A. Humanities
B. Tech-Voc
C. Science
D. Accountancy
E. Engineering

36
 ACTIVITY 4. CLARIFICATION

Directions: Clarify what concept paper is by creating a graphic organizer about it.
Give the necessary information. Write your answers in your notebook.

What it is

Concept
Paper

how to make one some examples

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

You have learned the following important points in this lesson:

1. A concept paper is a short summary that tells the reader what the
project is, why it is important, and how it will be carried out.
2. You can use definition, explication and clarification in making your
concept paper.

37
 WHAT I CAN DO

ACTIVITY 5. APPLY THEM

Directions: Choose one of the concepts in Activity 3 that you want to work on for a
concept paper. Apply definition, explication and clarification in expounding what the
concept is all about. This is only a preparatory stage for the next lesson where you
will write a concept paper. Write your answers in your notebook.

38
Self-Check!
Great job! You have completed Lesson 3 successfully! Before going to the
next lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach what I
learned to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other things that
I need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I

need help in some tasks.

If you checked the first icon, you are ready for lesson 4. If you have checked
the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have
checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more from the links given above
and ask help from your teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find
difficult. Be honest so that you will truly improve.

39
 LESSON 4

KINDS OF CONCEPT PAPER

Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
1. compare and contrast various kinds of concept paper; and
2. present a novel concept or project

WHAT'S NEW

ACTIVITY 1. NAME THEM

How many concept papers have you read so far?

Directions: List them down and tell what they are about in one sentence. If you have
not read one at all, list down the reasons why you have not read any. Write your
answers in your notebook.

1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________

40
There are two kinds of concept paper namely implicit and explicit concept paper.

1. Implicit – implicit is, “implied or understood though not plainly or directly

expressed.” Something is, therefore, implicit when it is not directly stated but is
either suggested in the wording or necessary to effectuate the purpose.

Example: Technology caused horrors in some aspects.

2. Explicit – “to fully and clearly express something, leaving nothing implied.”
Something is explicit when it is cleared stated and spelled out and there is no
room for confusion, as in the writing of a contract or statute.

Example: Technology is harmful to us.

Whichever kind is used, as long as you delivered convincingly to the audience,

it’s enough. Let us read some examples of concept papers. A concept paper is written
to mainly to clarify the meaning of a concept whatever technique is used to do it.
The first one is a mini concept paper that uses definition to clarify the meaning of
boondocks.
Directions: Read to find out how the writer expounds the concept. There may be
some difficult words you will encounter. Refer to the dictionary for better
understanding.
Boondocks from an Avalanche of Anoraks
(1) Reading material comes from Malay bamboo, “a large, hollow bamboo.”
The young shoots are eaten as a vegetable or are pickled and candied. Some species
of bamboo grow to a height of 120 feet.
(2) Boondocks (1944), a remote rural area, back country, an isolated or wild
region filled with dense brush, comes from Tagalog bundok, “mountain.” An “s” was
added, since English has the tendency to affix that letter to locations, as in the sticks
(a synonym for the boondocks), the damps, and the woods. While the word means
“mountain” to the people of the Philippines, American soldiers extended the meaning
to any kind of rough country or out-of-the-way locale. Used by servicemen during
World War II, the word boondocks first came to the attention of the American public
during an investigation into the brutal methods of training used by the Marines at Camp
Lejeune in North Carolina. According to the official records, young recruits were
regularly subjected to forced night marches “into the boondocks” (of places like Paris

41
Island), which included some low-lying swampy areas where at least one Marine
recruit died. The investigation ended, but the word remained. Its infamous history all
but forgotten, the word boondocks is now synonymous with any rural area distant from
the excitement of big cities or large towns. By the 1950s, shoes suitable for rough
outdoor use were regularly called boondockers, as can be seen from Leon Uris’s
adventure packed novel of World War II Marines, Battle Cry: “Andy Hookans was
dumping a can of foot powder into his boondockers.” About the same time, boonies
had become the slang equivalent of the boondocks.
(3) Caddy (1792), a small box, or chest used for keeping tea leaves, is borrowed
from Malay kati, a weight used in China and the East Indies equal to slightly more than
a pound avoirdupois. A tea caddy probably derived its name from the fact that the
little box or chest that held the measure (approximately one and one-third pounds of
tea) was confused with the measure itself. The caddy that carries tea leaves is in no
way related to the caddy (or caddie) who carries clubs and balls for a golfer. The latter
caddy is derived from French cadet, as in a military cadet.
(4) Camphor (1313), derived from Malay kapur, “chalk lime” via Arabic kāfūr, is
a whitish, translucent, tough, volatile, pleasant-smelling crystalline compound
obtained from the wood and bark of the camphor tree. Camphor is used primarily as
a moth repellent in the manufacture of celluloid; and in medicine as a liniment, a
counterirritant for infections, and a mild antiseptic. It used to be taken internally as a
heart and circulatory stimulant, and as an anti-diarrhetic; it is no longer taken internally,
since it is mildly toxic, and indigestion may produce harmful effects, especially in
infants and children. It is also no longer used as an anti-aphrodisiac – something to
counteract sexual desire.
(5) Cassowary (1611), a large flightless bird of Australia, New Guinea, and the
neighboring islands, related to the ostrich, is borrowed from Malay kasuari.
Cassowaries often weigh as much as 140 pounds and are dangerous. Capable of
killing even full-grown men, these sometimes-pugnacious birds usually leap feet first
on their adversaries and then attack with their claws. Their wings, completely useless
for flight, are covered with stiff, featherless quills, like spines, which also serve as
weapons. Females lay three to eight green eggs at a time, which the males incubate.
(6) Gingham (1615), a cotton or linen cloth, woven of dyed yarn, often striped
or checked, comes, via Dutch gingang, from Malay genggang, meaning “with space
between,” hence, “striped” or “checkered.” Because the colored lines of gingham are
always on the grain, gingham fabrics have no right and wrong side in terms of color.
Gingham was memorialized in “The Duel,” one of the most popular poems written by
Eugene Field (1850-1895) for children. It begins: “The gingham dog and the calico
cat/Side by side on the table sat.”
From: page 146 An Avalanche of Anoraks (cited in EAPP Learners’ Material)
Reflection questions: Write your answers in your notebook.
1. What is the concept paper about?

42
2. How did the writer expound on the concept?
3. What kind of concept paper is this? Why?
4. Do you think it is a good concept paper? Why?

Let us read another concept paper and answer the set of reflection questions
that follow it. It has something to do with what we eat.

Ketchup
(1) The sauce that is today called ketchup (or catsup) in Western cultures is a
tomato-based sauce that is quite distinct from the Eastern ancestors of this product. A
sauce called ke-tiap was in use in China at least as early as the seventeenth century,
but the Chinese version of the sauce was made of pickled fish, shellfish, and spices.
The popularity of this Chinese sauce spread to Singapore and Malaysia, where it was
called kechap. The Indonesian sauce ketjab derives its name from the same source
as the Malaysian sauce but is made from very different ingredients. The Indonesian
ketjab is made of cooking black soy beans, fermenting them, placing them in a salt
brine for at least a week, cooking the resulting solution further, and sweetening it
heavily; this process results in a dark, thick, and sweet variation of soy sauce.
(2) Early in the eighteenth century, sailors from the British navy came across
this exotic sauce on voyages to Malaysia and Singapore and brought samples of it
back to England on return voyages, English chefs tried to recreate the sauce but were
unable to do so exactly because key ingredients were unknown or unavailable in
England; chefs ended up substituting ingredients such as mushrooms and walnuts in
an attempt to recreate the special tastes of the original Asian sauce. Variations of this
sauce become quite the rage in eighteenth-century England, appearing in a number
of recipe books and featured as an exotic addition to menus from the period.
(3) The English version did not contain tomatoes, and it was not until the end
of the eighteenth century that tomatoes became a main ingredient, in the ketchup of
the newly created United States. It is quite notable that tomatoes were added to the
sauce in that tomatoes had previously been considered quire dangerous to health.
The tomato had been cultivated by the Aztecs, who had called it tomatl; however, early
botanists had recognized that the tomato was a member of the Solanacaea family,
which does include a number of poisonous plants. The leaves of the tomato plant are
poisonous, though of course the fruit is not.
(4) Thomas Jefferson, who cultivated the tomato in his gardens at Monticello
and served dishes containing tomatoes at lavish feasts, often receives credit for
changing the reputation of the tomato. Soon after Jefferson had introduced the tomato
to American society, recipes combining the newly fashionable tomato with the equally
fashionable and exotic sauce known as ketchap began to appear. By the middle of the
nineteenth century, both the tomato and tomato ketchup were staples of the American
kitchen.
43
 (5) Tomato ketchup, popular though it was, was quite time-consuming to
prepare. In 1876, the first mass-produced tomato ketchup, a product of German-
American Henry Heinz, went on sale and achieved immediate success. From tomato
ketchup, Heinz branched out into a number of other products, including various
sauces, pickles, and relishes. By 1890, his company had expanded to include sixty-
five different products but was in need of a marketing slogan. Heinz settled on the
slogan “57 Varieties” because he liked the way that the digits 5 and 7 looked in print,
in spite of the fact that this slogan understated the number of products that he had at
the time.
From: EAPP Learners’ Material
Reflection questions: Write your answers in your notebook.
1. What is the concept paper about?
2. How did the writer expound on the concept?
3. What kind of concept paper is this? Why?
4. Do you think it is a good concept paper? Why?

These two examples of concept papers are actually examples of explicit

concept papers since they both explained directly what each concept means. Most
concept papers for research are explicit so that they are more direct to the point. There
are more examples of concept papers in different areas. You will read more of them
in the activities.

WHAT'S MORE

ACTIVITY 2. STUDY THESE

Directions: Read the two samples of concept papers. Study how they expound the
concept and the content as well. Write your answer in your notebook.

Sample 1: Days of the Week

MONDAY. In mythology, the moon was the wife of the sun, and so had to have
her day in the week, which in Old English was Mōnandæg, or “moon day,” a translation
of the Latin luane dies, “day of the moon.” In the superstitious England of those times
people believed that the phases of the moon affected crops and disturbed the potency
of medicine, and they were sure too that bacon killed on the old of the moon would
shrivel in the pan.

44
 TUESDAY In Norse mythology, there was a god named Tyr. A wolf spirit called
Fenrir was troubling the world and Tyr volunteered to bind him. He used a chain made
of strange substances, the footsteps of a cat, the beards of women, the roots of stones,
and the breath of fishes. Tyr put his hand in Fenrir’s mouth and bound him, but his
hand, in the process, was bitten off. In Old English the god’s name Tyr appears as
Tiw. He was really a Germanic deity, one very much like Mars, the Roman god of war,
and his name gave us the Old English word Tiwesdæg, “the day of Tiw,” our Tuesday,
which is a rendering of the Latin dies martis, “day of Mars.”

WEDNESDAY In Old English Wednesday was spelled Wōdnesdæg, which was

the day of the great Germanic god Woden, who corresponded to the Roman divinity
Mercury. Both were swift in movement and noted for their eloquence. Woden was the
father of Tyr, who gave us the name Tuesday, and was the god of storms. He
welcomed brave warriors to the heaven of Valhalla and treated them to the pleasures
that they most loved on earth. He also slew Chaos and created earth from his body,
his flesh making the dry land, his bones the mountains, his blood the sea, his skull the
vault of the heavens. In Latin “Woden’s day” was Mercurii dies, the “day of Mercury,”
and the French took this over as Mercredi, their name for Wednesday.

THURSDAY Thor was the strongest and bravest of the Norse deities, and
corresponded in the heavenly hierarchy to the Roman god Jupiter, who also handled
the lightning bolts. Thor, you see, was the god of thunder which he made with a chariot
drawn by he-goats across the sky. Thor owned a massive hammer which the giant
Thrym once stole from him and refused to give up unless Freya, the goddess of love,
world marry him. Thor dressed up in her clothes, wheedled the hammer from Thrym,
and then slugged his host. It was the name of this same Thor that formed the Old
English word thūresdæg, or Thursday, :the day of Thor,” which equals the Roman dies
jovis, or “day of Jupiter.”

FRIDAY In Old English, Friday was frīgedæg, the day of the Norse goddess
Frigg, wife of Woden and the goddess of marriage. She was the Norse counterpart of
the Roman goddess Venus, and her day, Friday, was like the Latin dies Veneris, or
“day of Venus.” Wednesday and Thursday had been named for her husband Woden
and her son Thor, so Friday was assigned to her as appeasement. The Norsemen
regarded Friday as their lucky day, but not so the Christians since the Crucifixion took
place on Friday.

SATURDAY In Old English sæternesdæg, merely “Saturn’s day,” is a

halftranslation and half-adoption of the Latin Saturni dies, or “day of Saturn,” the
Roman god of sowing.

SUNDAY Sunday replaced Saturday as the Sabbath because the Resurrection

took place on a Sunday. It was around the 4th century that the church made it a holiday
and forebade anyone to work. In Old English it was spelled sunnandæg, literally the
“sun’s day ,” a translation of the Latin dies solis, or “day of the sun.”

45
From: Page 332 Word Origins and their Romantic (cited in EAPP Learners’ Material)

Sample 2: Mercury Pollution

(1) When most people think or talk about dangers to our environment, they
focus on general terms like “pollution,” “smog,” and “acidrain.” Also, they often focus
on the impact of supposedly man-made chemicals and compounds. But to truly
understand the risks to our environment, it’s helpful to focus on the danger of specific
chemical, which are often otherwise naturally-occurring elements that have been
spread harmfully by man. One of the largest threats to our environment is mercury: Hg
on the periodic table of elements.

(2) At room temperature, mercury, a metal, exists as a silvery-white liquid.

However, it vaporizes readily when heat is applied, and can stay suspended in the air
for more than a year. The largest sources of mercury pollution in the United States are
coal-fired power plants. Emissions from these plants account for 70 percent of the
mercury that enters our oceans, lakes, and streams. Air currents carry these particles
far from the source and are capable of polluting bodies of water thousands of miles
away.

(3) Mercury particles released into the air fall into these waterways and quickly
enter aquatic food chains. First, mercury attaches to sediments (fragments of organic
and inorganic material that settle to the bottom of the body of water). Second, bacteria
change the mercury into methyl mercury, a highly toxic substance. Third,
phytoplanktons feed on the organic matter in sediments and absorb the methyl
mercury. Fourth, fish then eat the mercurycontaminated phytoplankton; the larger the
fish and the longer it lives, the more concentrated the methyl mercury in its system
becomes. The mercury can then move higher up the food chain when humans eat fish
that have absorbed high amounts of mercury.

(4) Studies indicate that mercury levels in U.S. waterways have increased
anywhere from 100 to 400 percent over the course of the last century, and no river,
lake, or ocean seems immune. It is important to note that, thanks to the U.S. Clean Air
Act and efforts by industry to curb unnecessary discharges as well as better sewage
treatment methods, the levels have been in slow decline since the 1970s. however,
this minor decline is relatively miniscule in comparison to the major increase in the
years prior.

(5) If you’ve ever experienced that “rotten egg” smell during low tide at a coastal
area, you’ve seen (or smelled) methylation in action. Methylation is the conversion of
mercury in sediments to methyl mercury by sulphatereducing bacteria. While this
methylation is a natural process, the industrial discharge of mercury has greatly
accelerated the process beyond what the ecosystem is able to absorb safely. This
methylation not only impacts aquatic species, but also harms humans and other land-
based wildlife.

46
 (6) Most of the fish and shellfish that humans eat live solely in coastal areas or
frequent coastal areas and feed on the fish that live there. At the same time, most
methylation takes place in coastal areas. Therefore, methyl mercury moves up the
food chain from plankton to lobster, bluefish, winter flounder, tuna, and many other
species eaten extensively by man. The methyl mercury binds to the protein in fish,
residing in the muscle of the fish. This muscle is exactly what we eat, the fillet.

(7) The short-term impact of digestion of toxic methyl mercury is obviously a

concern. More troubling, however, is its long-term impact on species up and down the
food chain. In Wisconsin, scientists have studied the decline of chick production in
loons (aquatic birds). They have made a positive link to mercury concentration in eggs
which exceeds the concentration found to be toxic in laboratory studies. Through that
example, the lasting impact of methyl mercury far from the source of the pollution can
be seen.

(8) One of the great wonders of the Earth is the interconnectivity of all the
world’s ecosystems. This interconnectivity gives us the range and diversity of wildlife
that we all enjoy and it also allowed life on the planet to endure through cataclysmic
events, such as asteroid impacts and the ice ages. However, it is this very
interconnectivity that makes our ecosystems so vulnerable. Mercury pollution is
unfortunately one of many examples of an environmental impact far removed from the
source of the pollution; understanding the process by which the pollution spreads up
the food chain is one of many steps to ameliorate the impact of such pollution.

Complete the table with the needed information based on the two samples: Write
your answer in your notebook.

Ways the
Kinds of Concept
Concept Paper Content concept was
Paper
explained
Days of the Week

Mercury Pollution

ACTIVITY 3. COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Directions: Fill in this diagram to show comparison and contrast of the two concept
papers that you have read. Write your answers in your notebook.

47
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

You have learned the following important points in this lesson:

1. There are two kinds of concept papers:

a. Implicit
b. Explicit
2. There are many concept papers made in different fields but they all
do the same thing of explaining the concept.

48
 WHAT I CAN DO

ACTIVITY 4. OWN CONCEPT PAPER

Directions: Present a novel concept or project with accompanying visuals/ graphic

aids. You can choose the one you have started working in Lesson 3 or make a new
one. You can even do a concept paper for a future research if you like. Write your
answers in your notebook. You can visit this link to see a sample:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336150591_How_to_write_a_concept_pap
er_with_practical_sample_by_Dr_Lango

49
Rubric:

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Content and Content is Content is Content is less Content is not
Organization comprehensive, comprehensive, comprehensive, and comprehensive, and
accurate, and ideas accurate, and ideas ideas are stated not ideas are not clear
are stated clearly are stated clearly very clearly and are and not well
and are well and are well well supported. supported.
supported. There supported.
are also specific
ideas added.
Organization and Concepts of the Concepts of the Some concepts of Concepts of the
Structure paragraphs are clear paragraphs are clear the paragraphs are paragraphs are not
and easy to follow. and easy to follow. not clear and easy clear and not easy
There is evidence of to follow. to follow.
outlining.

References References are cited References are cited References are cited References are not
correctly and show correctly. correctly but there cited correctly.
evidence of are only a few.
research.
Mechanics Rules of grammar, Rules of grammar, Rules of grammar, Rules of grammar,
usage, and usage, and usage, and usage, and
punctuation are punctuation are punctuation are not punctuation are not
followed; spelling is followed; spelling is all followed; spelling followed; spelling is
correct. There are correct. is correct. incorrect.
no typo-graphical
errors.

Self- Check!
Great job! You have finished Lesson 4 successfully! Before going to the next
lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach what I
learned to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other things that
I need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I

need help in some tasks.

If you checked the first icon, you are ready for the next module. If you have
checked the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If
you have checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more from the links given
above and ask help from your teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that
you find difficult. Be honest so that you will truly improve.

50
 POST ASSESSMENT

Let us check how well you have mastered the lessons in this module.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your
notebook.

1. Which of the following is NOT true about the reaction paper?

A. It purely expresses one’s opinions on certain issues and concerns.
B. It conveys incisive insights into its analysis of events.
C. It may include the main purpose of the event.
D. It is mainly written to communicate a fair assessment.

2. Which of the following can be a form of a reaction paper?

A. Romantic Poem
B. News Report
C. Book Review
D. Incident Report

3. Which of the following is needed to make objective assessment?

A. Facts
B. Objectives
C. Assessment
D. Personal Views

4. Which of the following is NOT a form of reaction paper?

A. Appeal
B. Protest
C. Reflection
D. Sports Report

5. Why should we cite specific source?

A. It makes the reaction paper reliable.
B. It makes the paper more substantial.
C. It is an additional creative part of the paper.
D. It can attract many readers to read your paper.

6. Which critical approach focuses on understanding ways gender roles are reflected
or contradicted by texts?
A. Reader-response
B. Feminism
C. Historicism
D. Marxist
51
7. Which critical approach focuses on ways texts reflect, reinforce, or challenge the
effects of class, power relations, and social roles?
A. Reader-response
B. Feminism
C. Historicism
D. Marxist

8. Which critical approach focuses on understanding texts by viewing texts in the

context of other texts?
A. Reader-response
B. Feminism
C. Historicism
D. Marxist

9. Which critical approach focuses on each reader's personal reactions to a text,

assuming meaning is created by a reader's or interpretive community's personal
interaction with a text?
A. Reader-response
B. Feminism
C. Historicism
D. Marxist

10. Which critical approach focuses on "objectively" evaluating the text, identifying its
underlying form. It may study, for example, a text's use of imagery, metaphor, or
symbolism?
A. Reader-response
B. Media Criticism
C. Historicism
D. Formalism

11. Which of the is NOT true about a concept paper?

A. It expounds a concept.
B. It defines a concept.
C. It clarifies a concept.
D. It is a research paper.

12. Which CANNOT be used in a concept paper?

A. Definition
B. Explication
C. Reaction
D. Clarification

52
13. Which of the following is NOT a technique in definition?

A. history
B. synonyms
C. negation
D. examples

14. What are the two kinds of concept paper?

A. Implicit and Explicit

B. Old and New
C. True and False
D. Simple and Complex

15. Which sample concept paper discussed the history of Filipino language?

A. Boondocks
B. Ketchup
C. Days of the Week
D. Mercury Pollution

53
References:

Laurel, M., Lucero, A., Bumatay-Cruz, R.. English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Teacher’s Guide. Pasig City: DepEd-BLR. 2016

Laurel, M., Lucero, A., Bumatay-Cruz, R.. English for Academic and Professional
Purposes Reader. Pasig City: DepEd-BLR. 2016

https://writingcenter.unc.edu/esl/resources/writing-critiques/

https://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/el.htm

https://www.aresearchguide.com/appropriate-language-overview.html

https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/create/download/1773

http://www.offtheropes.com/opinion-based-on-fact-or-fact-based-on-opinion/

https://answershark.com/writing/creating-review/art-review-examples.html

http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/paintings-analysis/weeping-woman.htm

https://www.google.com/search?q=sample+review+of+sculpture+abueva

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizreport.php?title=art-
knowledge_1&sid=238361952

http://arthistory.about.com/cs/leonardo/a/last_supper.htm>

https://www.k12albemarle.org/acps/division/fql/Pages/Balanced-Assessment.aspx

https://custom-writing.org/blog/art-critique-writing

https://answershark.com/writing/creating-review/art-review/the-last-supper-by-
leonardo-da-vinci.html

http://sociology.morrisville.edu/perpetual/Writing/What_Is_A_Concept_Paper.htm
Accessed May 30, 2020

54
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336150591_How_to_write_a_concept_pap
er_with_practical_sample_by_Dr_Lango
accessed May 30, 2020

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336150591_How_to_write_a_concept_pap
er_with_practical_sample_by_Dr_Lango
accessed May 30, 2020

https://gerardcambon.net/types-of-concept-paper-introduction/
accessed May 31, 20202

55
56
Assessment
1. a 11. d
2. c 12. c
3. a 13. d
4. d 14. a
5. a 15. a
6. b
7. d
8. c
9. a
10. d
What I know
1. a 11. a
2. c 12. a
3. a 13. a
4. c 14. b
5. d 15. a
6. b 16. c
7. b 17. b
8. d 18. d
9 .b 19. a
10. a 20. a
ANSWER KEY
 57
Lesson 1
Activity 1. Answers will vary (process questions)
Activity 2 – Approaches in Literary Criticisms
APPROACHES IN WHAT IT IS
LITERARY CRITICISM (DEFINITION)
Example: This approach regards literature as
“a unique form of human knowledge
Formalist criticism that needs to be examined on its own
terms.”
Gender criticism This approach “examines how sexual
identity influences the creation and
reception of literary works.”
Historical Criticism This approach “seeks to understand
a literary work by investigating the
social, cultural, and intellectual
context that produced it
Reader-Response Criticism This approach takes as a It attempts “to describe what
fundamental tenet that “literature”
exists not as an artifact upon a
printed page but as a transaction
between the physical text and the
mind of a reader.
Structuralism It is focused on how human behavior
is determined by social, cultural and
psychological structures.
Sociological focuses on man’s relationship to
others in society, politics, religion,
and business.
Feminist often focuses on female characters
who have been neglected in previous
criticism. Feminist critics attempt to
correct or supplement what they
regard as a predominantly male-
dominated critical perspective.
HOW IT IS DONE
(TECHNIQUE IN WRITING)
A primary goal for formalist critics is
to determine how elements of form
(style, structure, tone, imagery, etc.)
work together with the text’s content
to shape its effects upon readers.
This includes a number of
approaches, including the so-called
“masculinist” approach and feminism
which takes as a central precept that
the patriarchal attitudes that have
dominated western thought have
resulted, consciously or
unconsciously, in literature “full of
unexamined ‘male-produced’
assumptions.”
historical critics try to understand the
effect of a literary work upon its
original readers.
happens in the reader’s mind while
interpreting a text” and reflects
that reading, like writing, is a creative
process.
It tended to offer a single unified
approach to human life that would
embrace all disciplines. The
essence of structuralism is the belief
that “things cannot be understood in
isolation, they have to be seen in the
context of larger structures which
contain them.
It tended to identify the relationship
between the characters and their
society?
Relate the story address societal
issues, such as race, gender, and
class
It tended to examine images of
women and concepts of the feminine
in myth and literature; uses the
psychological, archetypal, and
sociological approaches;
Activity 3: Word Meaning 58
WORDS MEANINGS FROM DICTIONARY
Cynic A person who has negative opinions about other
people and about the things people do
Demoralize To cause someone to lose hope
Destabilize To cause to be unable to continue
Anarchic Not following or having any laws or rules
Unrelentingly Not slowing down, stopping or growing weaker
Chronic disease Continuing or occurring again and again for a long time
Callous Not feeling or showing any concern about the
problems or suffering of other people
Predominant More important, powerful, successful or noticeable
than other people or things
Transcend To rise above or go beyond the normal limits
Authentic Real or genuine
Vigorously Healthy and strong
Answer the questions vary
Activity 4. Answers vary
Activity 5. Answers vary
Lesson 2
The student’s outputs will graded with the use of rubrics
Lesson 3
Activity 1 – answers vary
Activity 2 - /, x, /, x, /
Activity 3 – Answers vary
Activity 4 – What: It clarifies a concept or a summary of a project
How: Use definition, explication and clarification
Examples: answer vary
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