2019-2023 B.

Tech, Final Year Technical Seminar

Department of Computer Science And Engineering

FOG COMPUTING

By :
D. Lahari
19BH1A0537
(CSE-A)
 CONTENTS
▪ Abstract
▪ Introduction
▪ Existing System
▪ Proposed System
▪ Role of Fog Computing in IoT
▪ Fog Architecture
▪ Components in fog Architecture
▪ Fog computing and data management
▪ Distributed data processing in fog computing
▪ Traffic control using –Fog computing.
▪ Upcoming Technologies
▪ Applications of fog computing
▪ Advantages
▪ Disadvantages
▪ Conclusion
 ABSTRACT
● The term Fog Computing is an extension of Cloud Computing, originated by Cisco, refers to an
alternative to cloud computing, provides instant connections as these nodes are much closer to
the devices.
● Decentralization and flexibility are the main differences between fog computing and cloud
computing.
● Fog Computing ,also called as fog networking or fogging, describes a decentralized computing
structure located between the cloud and devices that produce data. This flexible structure
enables users to place resources, including applications and the data they produce ,in logical
locations to enhance performance.
● Fog computing implementation includes either building or porting IOT applications at the
network edge for fog nodes utilizing fog computing software, a package fog computing program
,or other tools.
● Edge nodes , or nodes closest to the edge, collect data from other edge devices such as routers or
modems and then route it to the best position for analysis.
 INTRODUCTION
● CISCO recently delivered the vision of fog computing to enable applications on billions of
connected devices to run directly at the network edge.
● Customers can develop, manage and run software application on cisco framework of networked
devices, including hardened routers and switches.
● cisco brings the open source Linux and network operating system together in a single networked
device.
● In a fog computing environment, a considerable amount of processing may occur in a data hub
on a smart mobile device or on the edge of the network in a smart router or other gateway
device.
● It can also be termed as EDGE COMPUTING.
 EXISTING SYSTEM
● Cloud Computing has provided many opportunities for enterprises by offering their customers a
range of computing services .
● Current “pay-as-you-go” cloud computing model becomes an efficient alternative to owning and
managing private data centers for customers facing web applications.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM
• Unlike traditional data centres, Fog devices are geographically distributed over heterogeneous
platforms, spanning multiple management domains.

• CISCO is interested in innovative proposals that facilitate service mobility across platforms ,and
technologies that preserve end -user and content security and privacy across domains.
Role of Fog Computing in IOT:

• Connected Vehicles: The connected vehicle distribution displays a rich setup of connectivity and
interactions; cars to cars ,cars to access points (wifi,3G,smart traffic lights),and access points to access
points.
• Wireless sensor and actuator networks: The real Wireless Sensor Nodes(WSNs), were designed to
operate at particularly low power in order to extend battery life or even to make energy reaping
achievable.
• IOT and Cyber: Physical system (CPSs): fogging based systems are becoming a significant class of
IoT and CPSs. IoT is a network that can interrelate ordinary physical objects with identified addresses.
• Software Defined Networks(SDN): SDN concept along with fogging will determine the main problem
in vehicular networks, irregular connectivity, collisions and high packet loss, by supplementing vehicle
with vehicle to infrastructure communication and unified control.
• Decentralized Smart Building Control: The application of this development are enabled by wireless
sensors positioned atmosphere. In this case information can be exchanged among all sensors in a floor,
and their analyses can be combined to form unfailing measurements.
FOG ARCHITECTURE
 Components in Fog Architecture
• IoT(internet of things) services Verticals: fog nodes are heterogeneous in nature and
deployed in variety of environments including core ,edge, access networks and endpoints .The
fog architecture should facilitate seamless resource management across the diverse set of
platforms.
• Heterogeneous Physical resources: Fog nodes are heterogeneous in nature. They range from
high end servers, edge routers, access points set-top boxes, and even end devices such as
vehicles, sensors, mobile phones etc.
• Fog Abstraction Layer: The Fog Abstraction layer hides the platform heterogeneity and
exposes a uniform and programmable interface for seamless resource management and control.
The layer also provides generic APIs to monitoring, provisioning and controlling physical
resources such as CPU, memory, network and energy.
• Fog Service Orchestration Layer: The service Orchestration layer provides dynamic ,policy-
based lifecycle management of fog services. The orchestration functionality is as distributed as
the underlying fog infrastructure and services.
• Software Agent:Foglet agents uses abstraction layer APIs to monitor the health and state
associated with the physical machine and services deployed on the machine. The information is
both locally analyzed and also pushed to the distributed storage for global processing.
• Distributed Database: A distributed database ,while complex to implement is ideal for
increasing Fog’s scalability and fault-tolerance. It provides faster storage and retrieval of data.
• North-Bound APIs for Applications: The fog software framework exposes northbound APIs
that applications use to effectively leverage the fog platform. These APIs are broadly classified
into Data and Control APIs. Data APIs allow an application to leverage the fog distributed data
store. Control APIs allow an application to specify how the application should be deployed on
the fog platform.
• Policy based service Orchestration: This framework provides policy-Based service routing
i.e; routes an incoming service request service to the appropriate service instance that confirms to
the relevant business policies.
Fog Computing and Data Management
 Data Management in Fog Computing
❖ Data Management for IoT can be viewed as a two-part system Online/real-time Front -end (E.g.
Distributed nodes) and Off-line Back-end (centralized cloud storage).
❖ The online/real-time portion of the system is concerned with data management associated with the
distributed objects/assets/devices and their associated sensors.
❖ The Front-end also passes data (in the form of proactive push and responses to queries) results from
the objects/devices/sensors to the backend.
❖ The frequent communication between front-end and back-end is termed as Online.
❖ The Back-end is storage -intensive; storing select data produced from disparate sources and also
supports in -depth queries and analysis over the long-term as well as data archival needs.
❖ An example of a leading company in this area is cisco, whose data virtualization offering represents
an agile data integration software solution that makes it easy to abstract and view data, regardless
of where it resides.
❖ The three important Db/infrastructure issues to consider with IOT Data management are:
❖ Hybrid database Support
❖ Embedded Deployment Database
❖ Cloud Migration
Distributed data Processing in a Fog-Computing
 Distributed data processing in fog computing
environment:
• Fog Computing is a distributed paradigm that provides cloud like services to the network edge.
• The above figure shows the essence in technology deals with IOT data locally by utilizing
clients or edge devices ,near users to carry out a substantial amount of storage ,communication
,control ,configuration and management.
• Fog computing involves the components of data processing or analytics applications running in
distributed cloud and edge devices.
• It also facilitates the management and programming of computing ,networking and
storage services between data centers and end devices.
• It supports user mobility ,resource and interface heterogeneity ,and distributed data analytics to
address the requirements to widely distributed applications that need low latency.
Working of Fog Computing:
How Fog Computing Will Help to Control The Traffic?
 Traffic Control
• These systems will communicate with each other say every 15 minutes.
• The DM or the local server will communicate to the other local server servers in every 10
minutes.
• If traffic is detected in an area, the system attached to that area will communicate with the other
systems with the help of communicator. And this is how the other systems with the help
of other systems get information about the heavy traffic in that area.
• The sensors will detect the number of vehicles on the Zebra crossing.
• If the number of vehicles is more than the system will not allow the pedestrians to cross the
zebra crossing unless there is a red signal.
• If the number of vehicles is less then it will give the red signal to them and then allow the
pedestrians to cross the road.
Role of Fog Computing in Traffic Control:
• If the decision makers were on the cloud far away from the system location then it would have
taken a huge time in taking the decision as well as it would cause a delay.
• Smart traffic light needs to be acting in real life.
• Therefore the Fog computing concept resolves this issue.
• As mentioned earlier the fog computing benefits will help this smart Traffic Light system to
work efficiently in a real time.
 Future of Fog computing

• Fog Computing will provide ample opportunities for creating new applications and services that
cannot easily be supported by the current host-based and cloud-based application platforms.
• With fig /edge computing and networking technologies ,many new emerging services (such
as V2v in vehicular Telematics services, Autonomous car industry 4.0 and e-health
care services) could be realized and implemented easily and economically.
• It could be also serves as core engine to enable many services in IOT.
• There are opportunities in applying fog/edge technologies to facilitate the operations of vertical
applications with integrated computing and communications design.
• This feature topic is aimed to cover a wide variety of recent advancement and future directions
on fog/edge computing ,including trends towards 6Gfog/edge , cutting-edge fog/edge research
contributions, experiments and performance of fog/edge,novel business models ,and killer
applications.
 APPLICATIONS OF FOG COMPUTING

• Healthcare and activity tracking: The fall detection learning algorithms are dynamically
deployed across edge devices and cloud resources. A proposed fog computing based smart
healthcare system enables low latency, mobility support, and location and privacy awareness.
• Smart Grids: Based on demand of energy ,it obtains ability and low cost, these smart
devices can switch to other energies like solar and wind energies.
• Smart Utility Services: Fog computing can be used with smart utility services ,whose focus
is energy generation ,delivery ,and billing. These edge devices can also calculate the cost
of power consumption throughout the day and suggest which energy source is most economical
at any given time or when home appliances should be turned on to minimize utility use.
• Connected Car: Autonomous vehicle is the new trend taking place on the road. Tesla is
the working on the software to add automatic steering, enabling literal hands free operations of
the vehicle. Fog computing is the best option for all internet connected vehicles why
because fog computing gives real time interaction. It also reduces automobile accidents.
• Augmented reality ,cognitive systems and gaming: Fog computing plays a major role in
augmented reality applications ,which are latency sensitive. for example, the EEG tractor Beam
augmented multiplayer , online brain computer interaction game performs continuous real time
brain state classification on fog devices and then tunes classification models on cloud servers,
based on electroencephalogram readings that sensors collect data.
• Mobile Big Data Analytics: Fog computing can provide elastic resources to large scale data
process system without suffering from the drawback of cloud, high latency .A federation
of fog and cloud can handle the big data acquisition, aggregation and pre -
processing ,reducing the data processing.
 ADVANTAGES

• This approach reduces the amount of data that needs to be sent to the cloud.
• Since the distance to be traveled by the data is reduced, it results in saving
network bandwidth.
• Reduces the response time of the system.
• It improves the overall security of the system as the data resides close to the
host.
• It provides better privacy as industries can perform analysis on their data locally.
 DISADVANTAGES
● Congestion may occur between the host and the fog node due to increased traffic
(heavy data flow).
● Power consumption increases when another layer is placed between the host
and the cloud.
● Scheduling tasks between host and fog nodes and the cloud is difficult.
● Data management becomes tedious as along with the data stored and computed
,the transmission of data involves encryption -decryption too which in turn
release data.
 CONCLUSION

● Fog Computing gives the cloud a companion to handle the two exabytes of data
generated daily from the internet of things.
● Processing data closer to where it is produced and needed solves the challenges
of exploding data volume, variety, and velocity.
● Fog computing accelerates awareness and response to events by eliminating a
round trip to the clod for analysis.
● It avoids the need for costly bandwidth additions by offloading gigabytes of
network traffic from the core network.
● It also protects sensitive IoT data by analyzing it inside company walls.
● Ultimately, organizations that adopt fog computing Gain deeper and faster
insights, leading to increased business agility ,higher service levels, and
improved safety.
THANK YOU