ECS781P

CLOUD COMPUTING

THE EDGE OF THE CLOUD

Lecturer: Dr. Sukhpal Singh Gill

School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science
Contents
• Edge Computing
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Fog Computing

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Why Edge Computing?
• Some IoT applications (Healthcare, Weather Forecasting,
Traffic Management etc.) require substantial processing
cannot be processed in the cloud
• Far from the clients: too high latency
• E.g. Augmented Reality, Self-driving cars

• Goal: incorporate all the benefits of Cloud computing (on-

demand, elastic resources), in physical infrastructure close
to the client/edge devices/IoT Devices.
Why Cloud is not suitable for IoT Apps
• Latency and Response time is often a critical part, especially when
you deal with human life or emergency procedure.
• Bandwidth Cost
• Security and Privacy - transmitting device data over any open and
public network is risky
• Power consumption - Cloud computing is energy-hungry and that it is
a concern for a low-carbon economy (Climate Change)
What Is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—
“things”—that are embedded with sensors, software, and other
technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with
other devices and systems over the Internet.

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Changing the meaning of IoT?
• The term "Internet of Things" has come to describe a
number of technologies and research disciplines that
enable the Internet to reach out into the real world of
physical objects.
------IoT in 2008
• “Things having identities and virtual personalities
operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to
connect and communicate within social, environmental,
and user contexts”.
-------IoT in 2020

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IoT Devices
• IoT devices range from ordinary household objects to
sophisticated industrial tools.
• With more than 10+ billion connected IoT devices today,
experts are expecting this number to grow to 22 billion
by 2025.

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IoT Applications

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Example: Smart City

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IoT Changing the World?
IoT is reinventing the automobile by enabling connected
cars. With IoT, car owners can operate their cars
remotely—by, for example, preheating the car before the
driver gets in it or ability to enable device-to-device
communication, cars will even be able to book their own
service appointments when warranted.

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Why Internet of Things?
• Dynamic control of industry and daily life
• Resource efficiency –energy conservation
• Improve the resource utilization ratio
• Better relationship between human and nature
• Pollution and disaster avoidance
• Universal transport & internetworking
• Accessibility & Usability?
• Acts as technologies integrator

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The Edge of the Cloud
• Why isn’t cloud computing sufficient for some applications?
• Latency – Real-time interaction
• Video Streaming – Movies, Video Conferencing
• Gaming – Role playing games
• Augmented Reality – Pokémon Go
• Geographical Distribution – Widely distributed deployments
• Massively Multiplayer Online Real-time Games
• Route Planning / Traffic
• Mobile Deployment – Nodes will be moving
• Cell phones
• Vehicles
• Large number of Nodes
• Networks of sensor nodes
Edge Requirements
Scalability
(Ability to address large number of Edge Clouds, switches at Edges, Support various edge controller
technologies)

Security
(Infrastructure verifications, Securing secrets/keys)

Regulations
(Keep data local, GDPR – Encrypt all user data at storage/memory/on-wire)

Performance and Constrained Environment

(Very low latency, High performance, Performance determinism, data reduction, Lesser utilization of
resources)

Zero touch provisioning

(Faster bring up of Edge Clouds, Easy upgrades)

Edge App provisioning

(Traffic Redirection, Providing contextual information, slice aware)
Edge Computing

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Contents
• Edge Computing
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Fog Computing

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Fog Computing

Fog platform provides low-latency

virtualized services and is linked to
the Cloud Computing infrastructure.

Edge devices request compute,

storage and communication services
from the Fog.

The Fog provides local, low-latency

response to these requests and
forwards relevant data for
computationally intensive processing.

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 MAPE-k

Fog Computing
+
Edge Computing
+
Cloud Computing
+
IoT

Aslanpour MS, Gill SS, Toosi AN. Performance evaluation metrics for cloud, fog and edge computing: A review, taxonomy, benchmarks and standards for future research.
Internet of Things. 2020 Aug 11:100273.

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Edge and Fog Computing

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 Edge and Fog Computing
Fog
Fog node decides whether to process the
data from multiple data sources using its
own resource or send to cloud.
It implies distribution of communication,
computation, storage and services on or
close to the devices in the control of end
users.
It pushes intelligence down to the LAN of
the network architecture
Works with cloud
Fog has a hierarchical and flat architecture Edge is often limited to separate nodes
with several layers that form a network
Edge
Each individual edge component plays its
role to process data locally rather than
sending them towards the cloud.
It is referred to the location where services
are started.
It places the intelligence and power of the
gateway into the devices such as
programmable automation controllers
Exclusion of cloud
that do not form a network.
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Case Study
• HealthFog
• An Ensemble Deep Learning based Smart Healthcare
System for Automatic Diagnosis of Heart Diseases in
Integrated IoT and Fog Computing Environments
Highlights
• HealthFog is a real-life healthcare application platform for
heart patients.
• It integrates ensemble deep learning with Edge computing.
• It analyzes and identifies the Heart Diseases automatically.
• It delivers diverse healthcare configurations for different
user requirements.
• It efficiently manages the data of heart patients.
HealthFog Architecture
Communication sequence in HealthFog
Important Points
• Heart patient data pre-processing (IoT devices)
• Ensemble deep learning application
• Cleveland Dataset
• Android interface and communication
• Communication is achieved using HTTP RESTful APIs
Gateway Interface
Latency

Execution
time

Network
usage
MSc Project
• Domains of healthcare: diabetes, cancer and hepatitis
• Fog computing applications such as agriculture, healthcare,
weather forecasting, traffic management and smart city.
• GitHub Code: https://github.com/Cloudslab/HealthFog

Shreshth Tuli, Nipam Basumatary, Sukhpal Singh Gill, Mohsen Kahani, Rajesh Chand Arya,
Gurpreet Singh Wander, and Rajkumar Buyya, HealthFog: An Ensemble Deep Learning based
Smart Healthcare System for Automatic Diagnosis of Heart Diseases in Integrated IoT and
Fog Computing Environments, Future Generation Computer Systems (FGCS), Volume 104,
Pages: 187-200, Elsevier, 2020.
Thank you Everyone !!
• Making this module very interactive
• Please submit your Coursework on time (Every Group): 14th
Dec, Thursday) at 10pm
• Marks and feedback will be released and notified within 3 weeks.
• Attempting Lab Quizzes on time
• Quiz 5: Deadline - Wednesday, 13 December 2023, 11:59 PM
• Attending Lecturers and Lab Sessions
• QM+ Posts
• Answering Review Questions

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Feedback and Survey
QMplus (10 minutes)

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What Next ?
• General Feedback on CW
• Revision (Week 9-week 12)
• Industrial Talk
• Sample Exam Paper + Misconduct related Issues

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