2 Mark question UNIT-1(FOG-COMPUTING)

Q1.What is Fog Computing?

A1.Fog Computing is a decentralized computing architecture that

extends cloud computing capabilities to the edge of the network,
reducing latency and improving efficiency.

Q2. List two advantages of Fog Computing in IoT.

A2.Reduced Latency:
● Fog Computing minimizes latency by processing data closer to
the source.
● This is crucial in IoT applications where real-time
decision-making is required, improving response times for
time-sensitive tasks.

Improved Scalability:
● Fog Computing allows for distributed processing, enhancing
scalability.
● Resources can be efficiently scaled across the network, adapting
to varying workloads in dynamic IoT environments.

Q3. Explain one myth associated with Fog Computing.

A3.Confusion with Edge Computing:

● One common myth is the misconception that Fog Computing and
Edge Computing are interchangeable.

● While Edge Computing processes data at the device level, Fog

Computing extends this concept to a broader network, involving
multiple edge devices.
Q4. What is the primary need for Fog Computing in IoT?

A4.Low-Latency Processing:

● Fog Computing addresses the need for low-latency processing in

IoT scenarios.

● Real-time data processing at the edge ensures timely

decision-making, which is critical in applications like industrial
IoT and smart cities.

Efficient Resource Utilization:

● Fog Computing optimizes resource utilization by distributing

processing tasks across edge devices.

● This ensures that computing resources are efficiently used,

contributing to improved overall performance and reduced
reliance on centralized cloud resources in IoT ecosystems.

Q5. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of Fog

Computing in IoT?

A5.Advantages:

Reduced Latency: Fog Computing minimizes data transfer delays by

processing data closer to the source, enhancing response times in IoT
applications.

Efficient Resource Usage: Distributing processing tasks across the

network improves resource utilization, optimizing performance.
Disadvantages:

Security Risks: Fog Computing introduces new security challenges,

as data processing occurs in a more distributed and potentially less
secure environment.

Increased Complexity: Implementing Fog Computing adds

complexity to system architecture, requiring careful management and
coordination.

Q6. Differentiate between Fog Computing and Edge Computing.

Q7. What role does Fog Computing play in addressing
challenges in smart cities?

A7.Reduced Latency in Services:

● Traffic Management: Fog Computing enables real-time analysis

of traffic data, improving traffic management in smart cities.

● Emergency Response: Quick processing of data aids in rapid

response during emergencies, enhancing public safety.

Efficient Resource Utilization:

● Energy Management: Fog Computing optimizes energy usage

in smart grids by locally processing data, contributing to
sustainable energy practices.

● Waste Management: Real-time data processing supports

efficient waste management, reducing environmental impact.

Q8. How does Fog Computing complement Cloud Computing in

industrial IoT applications?

A8.Local Processing for Real-Time Decisions:

● Real-time Monitoring: Fog Computing allows industrial IoT
devices to monitor and analyze data locally, ensuring real-time
decision-making.

● Reduced Dependence on Cloud: Critical decisions can be

made locally, reducing the reliance on cloud services and
minimizing latency.
Enhanced Security:
● Secure Data Processing: Fog Computing enhances security by
processing sensitive data locally, reducing the risk of data
exposure during transmission to the cloud.

● Isolation of Critical Systems: Mission-critical systems can be

isolated and processed locally, improving security in industrial
environments.

Q9. Provide examples of application scenarios where Fog

Computing outperforms traditional Cloud Computing.

A9.Real-time Analytics in Autonomous Vehicles:

● Autonomous Driving: Fog Computing enables real-time

processing of sensor data in autonomous vehicles, improving
response times compared to relying solely on cloud services.
● Collision Avoidance: Localized analytics help in quick
decision-making for collision avoidance, enhancing overall
safety.

Healthcare Monitoring Devices:

● Patient Monitoring: Fog Computing is advantageous in

healthcare for monitoring devices that require immediate
analysis of vital signs, ensuring timely patient care.

● Emergency Alerts: Localized processing allows for quick

generation of emergency alerts based on patient data, reducing
response times.
Q.10. Explain the role of Fog Computing in addressing security
concerns in IoT.

A10.Localized Threat Detection:

● Immediate Threat Identification: Fog Computing allows for

immediate detection of security threats by analyzing data locally.
● Quick Response: The ability to identify and respond to threats
locally minimizes the impact of security breaches.

Edge-level Encryption and Authentication:

● Secure Communication: Fog Computing supports edge-level

encryption and authentication, ensuring secure communication
between devices.
● Protecting Data at the Source: Encrypting data at the edge
level protects sensitive information before transmission,
enhancing overall security.