A

Micro project

On

“SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM”

Submitted By :
Vitthal Deshmukh [06]

Siddharth Mohite [31]

Omkar Shelke [50]

Hari Patloth [39]

Under The Guidance Of

Mrs. S. A. Kshirsagar

In Partial Fulfilment Of
DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

2022-2023
SINHAGAD TECHNICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

SOU.VENUTAI CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC

PUNE – 411041
 SINHAGAD TECHNICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

SOU.VENUTAI CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC

PUNE – 411041

CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT
Vitthal Deshmukh [06]

Siddharth Mohite [31]

Omkar Shelke [50]

Hari Patloth [39]

“SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM”

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF

ACADEMIC REQUIREMENT FOR THE YEAR 2022-2023

AS PERSCRIBED BY

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

DATE :

PLACE :

Mrs.S.A.Kshirsagar Mrs.P.V.Javkar Mrs.A.V.Kurkute Dr. (Mrs.) M.S. Jadhav

(Project Guide) (Project Co-Ordinator) (Head Of Dept.) (Principal)

 Smart Irrigation System

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

"The real spirit of achieving a goal is through the way of excellence and
austere discipline." The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful
completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning of the people who
made it possible and support had been a constant source of encouragement which
crowned our efforts with success.

We express my overwhelming gratitude towards respected guide

Mrs.S.A.Kshirsagar for her constant encouragement and valuable guidance during
completion of our present work. She is the true guide who guided us with moral
values. We are happy that we could work under her thoughtful guidance.

We are very much thankful to our computer Technology coordinator

Mrs.P.V.Javkar and Head of department Mrs.A.V.Kurkute for their support. First
and foremost, we wish to record our gratitude and thanks to Mrs.S.A.Kshirsagar for
her enthusiastic guidance and help in successful completion of seminar.

We are deeply indebted and we would like to express sincere thanks to our
principal Dr. (Mrs.) Mrunalini S. Jadhav.

Finally, we express our honest and sincere feelings towards all other staff
member of computer department and our colleagues who directly or indirectly
encourage us, helped us, and criticized us in accomplishment of our present work.

Group Member Are :

Vitthal Deshmukh

Siddharth Mohite

Omkar Shelke

Hari Patloth

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 Smart Irrigation System

ABSTRACT

The Smart Irrigation system checks the moisture content in the soil, based on that
pumping motor will automatically pumps the water into the field. Here we are using
soil moisture sensor. By using this sensor, we can find whether the soil is wet or dry.
In this system, the main controlling device is microcontroller. Here soil sensor will
give the status of the soil to the microcontroller, based on that microcontroller will
display the status of the soil on the LCD and switch on or off the pumping motor
through relay.

The pumping motor will pump the water into the field by using drip water system
until the field is wet which is continuously monitor by the microcontroller. In
irrigation process, most parameter of monitoring is soil, so we have to monitor the
soil condition, whether the soil is dry or Wet. If it is dry, then by using pumping motor,
water has to be pumped automatically. The main aim of our system presenting here is
to monitor the moisture content in the soil in cultivating field. On soil moisture,
pumping will be automatically switch on or off through relay. This saves the water at
the same time and on the other hand the plant can get optimum level of water, so
increasing productivity of crop.

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 Smart Irrigation System

CONTENT

Title Page No.

Certificate

Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------- 1

Abstract ------------------------------------------ 2

1. Introduction and Background

1.1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------- 4

1.2 Background ---------------------------------------------- 5

2. Literature Survey and Problem Definition

2.1 Literature Survey -------------------------------------- 6

2.2 Problem Definition -------------------------------------- 7

2.3 Specification -------------------------------------- 7

3. Proposed Methodology

3.1 Proposed Methodology --------------------------------- 8

3.2 Action Plan --------------------------------- 8

4. References and Bibliography

4.1 Papers ------------------------------------- 9

4.2 Books ------------------------------------- 9

4.3 Websites ------------------------------------ 9

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 Smart Irrigation System

1. Introduction and Background

1.1 Introduction

Smart Controllers" are controllers that automatically update the watering schedule to allow
for changes in water needs throughout the year. So, a smart controller will automatically reduce
the watering times as the weather gets cooler and less water is needed. Then as the weather
begins to warm up, the controller will add more watering time.

The way this typically works is that you set the controller for a default maximum watering
time, based on the hottest time of year. Then the controller reduces that time amount by a
percentage value when less water is needed. There are several methods used by different
controllers to determine how much to reduce the watering time. Some controllers may allow
for use of more than one method. Here's a list of the common methods used by smart controllers
to determine the watering time:

 Historical. Uses historical weather and water use data for your area to determine
what amount of water is required. Typically, it only resets the time monthly. While
the historic data is not perfect, it still gives significant water savings for most users.
You will periodically need to manually override the automatic controller settings,
especially if you have unusually hot weather for the month. To setup the controller
on some models you simply enter your zip code and it accesses the historic data
from its memory. On others you have to initially key in the historic data from the
user's manual or a website. Due to the lower cost of this type of smart controller,
often it will give you the best financial return on your investment. This is especially
true for a small residential irrigation system.

 Historical with a sensor. Uses historical data to determine an initial reduction in

watering time, but then further adjusts the time based on a sensor. Typically, a
temperature sensor is used. If the daily high temperature is higher than the historical
data says is normal, it adds more time, if the temperature is lower, it reduces the
watering time. This gives more accuracy that the historic data alone will.

 Off-site data. Uses water and/or weather data provided by a remote provider. The
controller uses a radio, Internet, or phone connection to obtain the data from either
a central data provider, or from a local weather station. Generally, there is a
subscription charge for the data service and there may also be charges for the
telephone, Internet, or radio link. Accuracy is dependent on where the data is
obtained from (garbage in, garbage out). If the data comes from a nearby weather
station it can be very accurate. If it comes from a central data base of historic data
that is expertly manipulated for current conditions it can be very accurate also. So,
with this type of smart controller, you need to ask the provider exactly where the
data would come from for a controller installed at your location.

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 Smart Irrigation System

 Whether station. This controller has its own weather station that you install with
it. It uses real-time data from the weather station to adjust the watering times. It is
very accurate if it uses a good weather station.

 Moisture Sensor. A moisture sensor (often more than one) is placed under the
irrigation system to measure the actual amount of moisture in the soil. The irrigation
time is based on the amount of moisture present. I'm going to get flamed for this,
but I wouldn't be honest if I didn't tell you that moisture sensors have not been well-
accepted by professional turf managers. This is at least in part due to a lack of long-
term reliability of the sensor units.

A moisture sensor (often more than one) is placed under the irrigation system to measure the
actual amount of moisture in the soil. The irrigation time is based on the amount of moisture
present. I'm going to get flamed for this, but I wouldn't be honest if I didn't tell you that moisture
sensors have not been well-accepted by professional turf managers. This is at least in part due
to a lack of long-term reliability of the sensor units.

1.2 Background

We consider the problem of monitoring soil moisture evolution using a wireless GSM network.
Continuously sampling moisture levels with these soil moisture sensors incurs high-
maintenance and energy consumption costs, which are particularly undesirable for wireless
networks. Our main hypothesis is that a sparser set of measurements can meet the monitoring
objectives in an energy-efficient manner. The underlying idea is that we can trade off some
inaccuracy in estimating soil moisture evolution for a significant reduction in energy
consumption. We investigate how to dynamically schedule the sensor measurements so as to
balance this trade-off. Unlike many prior studies on sensor scheduling that make generic
assumptions on the statistics of the observed phenomenon, we obtain statistics of soil moisture
evolution from a physical model. The result is a scalable, implementable technology that we
have tested and validated numerically and in the field.

By using this sensor, we can find whether the soil is wet or dry. If it is dry, pumping motor
pump the water. In this system, the main controlling device is microcontroller. Here soil sensor
will give the status of the soil to the sensor Amplifier, based on that microcontroller will display
the status of the soil on the LCD and switch on or off the pumping motor through relay. The
pumping motor will pump the water into the field by until the field is wet which is continuously
monitor by the microcontroller.

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 Smart Irrigation System

2. Literature Survey and Problem Definition

2.1 Literature Survey

This research paper by V. R. Balaji and M.Sudha [8], Photovoltaic cells were used that
converted sunlight into electricity. This mechanism isn't reliant on ele0ctricity. The soil
moisture sensor was employed in this experiment. and a PIC microcontroller depending on the
sensed values used to turn the motor pump on and off. This research paper by Sonali D. Gainwar
and Dinesh V. Rojatkar [7], for a high yield from the soil, the authors developed a fully
automated system in which soil characteristics such as pH, humidity, wetness, and temperature
are measured. The motor pump in this system turns on and off depending on the moisture
content in the soil. This research paper by P. Archana and R. Priya [6],The authors devised a
method that involves placing humidity and soil moisture sensors in the plant's root zone. The
microcontroller is utilized to control the supply of the water to the field based on the measured
values. Their approach, on the other hand, does not inform the farmer about the status of the
land. This research paper by the Chandan Kumar Sahu and Pramitee Behra, the authors describe
a prototype for fully automated irrigation motor access, which incorporates a number of sensors
positioned in various directions throughout the agricultural area. Each sensor is connected to a
wireless networking device, and the data is received by an ARDUINO-UNO development
board with an "ATMEGA-328" microcontroller. The RASPBERRY-Pi is used to deliver
messages to the microcontroller process via internet correspondence. The goal of this work was
to use a soil moisture sensor to automatically control the water motor and select the direction
of water flow in a pipe. The information, which includes the motor's operation and the farm
field's water direction, is finally delivered to the user by mobile messaging and e-mail account.
This research paper by Authors A. N. Arvindan and D. Keerthika [1], the Arduino-based
automatic irrigation system was made easy to use and cost effective by using an Android
smartphone as a remote control.

A soil moisture sensor delivers a voltage signal proportional to the moisture content in the
soil, which is compared to a specified threshold value in this system's design. The necessary
data is given to the Arduino Uno processor, which is linked to an Android phone through the
HC-05 module, based on the comparison result. The user can easily turn on the irrigation system
and the drive motor using an Android smartphone. The technology has the capability of being
employed in real-time precision agriculture applications. This research paper by Purnima,
S.R.N Reddy, “Design of Remote Monitoring and Control System with Automatic Irrigation
System using GSM-Bluetooth” ,proposed artificially supplying water to land where crops are
cultivated. Traditionally hand pumps, canal water and rainfall were a major source of water
supply for irrigation. This method has led to severe drawbacks like under irrigation, over-
irrigation which in turn causes leaching and loss of nutrient content of soil.

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 Smart Irrigation System

Changing environmental conditions and shortage of water have led to the need for a system
which efficiently manages irrigation of fields. Automated irrigation system is a machine based
system, which automates the irrigation of land by combining various software and hardware
approaches together for field irrigation. This paper deals with a detailed survey of various GSM
based automated farm irrigation systems. GSM serves as an important part since it is
responsible for controlling the irrigation facility and sends them to receiver through coded
signal. Our study is concentrated on comparison of various GSM approaches [4].

2.2 Problem Definition

The purpose of this system “Smart Irrigation System” is used to improve the quality of the crop
by setting proper moisture level for the particular crop.

2.3 Specification

1. Study various concepts of Embedding C and Scratch languages.

2. Study the syntax and functions of C.
3. Software Requirements: Arduino IDE, MIT APP inventor.
4. Hardware Requirements: Arduino Uno, Moisture Sensor, Relay, 12Volt DC Adaptor,
HC05 Bluetooth Module, DC Pump.

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 Smart Irrigation System

3. Proposed Methodology

3.1 Proposed Methodology

We consider the problem of monitoring soil moisture evolution using a wired GSM network.
Continuously sampling moisture levels with these soil moisture sensors incurs high- maintenance
and energy consumption costs, which are particularly undesirable for wireless networks. Our
main hypothesis is that a sparser set of measurements can meet the monitoring objectives in an
energy-efficient manner. The underlying idea is that we can trade off some inaccuracy in
estimating soil moisture evolution for a significant reduction in energy consumption. We
investigate how to dynamically schedule the sensor measurements so as to balance this tradeoff.
Unlike many prior studies on sensor scheduling that make generic assumptions on the statistics
of the observed phenomenon, we obtain statistics of soil moisture evolution from a physical
model.
The result is a scalable, implementable technology that we have tested and validated numerically
and in the field. By using this sensor, we can find whether the soil is wet or dry. If it is dry,
pumping motor will pump the water. In this system, the main controlling device is
microcontroller. Here soil sensor will give the status of the soil to the sensor amplifier, based on
that microcontroller will display the status of the soil on the LCD and switch on or off the
pumping motor through relay. The pumping motor will pump the water into the field by until the
field is with which is continuously monitor by the microcontroller.

3.2 Action Plan

Sr. Details of Activity Planned Planned Name of

No Start Date Finish Date Responsible
Team Member
01 Survey the research papers Vitthal Deshmukh
on smart irrigation system. Siddharth Mohite
Omkar Shelke
02 Study the concept of embedded C Vitthal Deshmukh
& scratch for implementation. Siddharth Mohite
03 Study the details of required Siddharth Mohite
hardware & software. Omkar Shelke

04 Various modules, advantages & Vitthal Deshmukh

disadvantages for the project. Siddharth Mohite

05 Application & future scope of Hari Patloth

the project for further use.
06 Cost Estimations. Omkar Shelke

07 Prepare the project. Omkar Shelke

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 Smart Irrigation System

4. References and Bibliography

4.1 Papers

1. V. R. Balaji , M.Sudha, Sonali D. Gainwar , Dinesh V. Rojatkar, “Sonali D. Gainwar

and Dinesh V. Rojatkar”, International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology (IJRASET).
2. C.M. Devika, Karthika Bose, S. Vijayalekshmy,“Automatic plant irrigation system using
Arduino”, Dec. 2017 .
3. L. Bhaskar, B. Koli, P. Kumar, V. Gaur, "Automatic crop irrigation system", 2015 4th
International Conference on Reliability Infocom Technologies and Optimization
(ICRITO) (Trends and Future Directions), pp. 1-4, 2015.
4. Prathyusha.K1, G. Sowmya Bala2, Dr. K. Sreenivasa Ravi, “A real time irrigation control
system for precision agriculture using WSN in Indian agricultural sectors” International
Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.4,
August 20.

4.2 Books

1. Ashish Upadhyay, Prem kurnar, Ravikant Yadav, "Automatic Irrigation Systems With
SCADA: A Future Prospective".
2. M.R. Ebenezar Jebarani, P. Kavipriya, S. Lakshmi, Nehru Kandasamy, "IOT-Based
Smart Irrigation Systems".

4.3 Websites

1. https://www.hydropoint.com/what-is-smart
irrigation/#:~:text=Smart%20irrigation%20systems%20tailor%20watering,improve%20
outdoor%20water%20use%20efficiencies.
2. https://www.1001artificialplants.com/2019/04/06/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
smart-irrigation-systems/

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Smart Irrigation System