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FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGES

NBHS 1202
STATISTICS

STATISTICS

SEMESTER – MAY 2022

Name: L.H.T.S. Amarathunga

Rg NO: OUM 29024

Email : tharangasandamali1977@gmail.com

0702016594

Tutor’s name: Ms.Apsara Pitigalaarachchi

Learning Centre: IIHS, walisara, Sri Lanka

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CONTENT PAGES

1. Question number 1……………………………………………………… 3 – 4

2. Question number 2……………………………………………………….5 - 6

3. Question number 3……………………………………………………… 7 - 10

4. Question number 4………………………………………………………11 - 16

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QUESTION NO.1

Different types of variables are classified in statistics. The following describes those types of
variables and examples of them.

Data is a set of facts such as numbers, words, measurements, observations, or simple descriptions
of things. Data is divided by two catagory.there are Quantitative and Qualitative. Data can be
either qualitative or quantitative in nature.

Descriptive data is qualitative data (it describes something) - They represent some characteristics
or attributes. They depict observations that can be computed or calculated but cannot be
computed or calculated. For example, data on intelligence, honesty, wisdom, cleanliness, and
creativity gathered from your class's students as a sample would be classified as qualitative. They
are exploratory rather than conclusive in nature.

Quantitative data is information that is numerical in nature (numbers). - These can be measured
rather than just observed. They can be numerically represented and used to perform calculations.
For example, data on the number of students in your class who participate in various sports
provides an estimate of how many of the total students participate in which sport. This data is
numerical and can be categorized as quantitative.

Numerical /quantitative variables divided two catagories.there are discreet variables and
continuous variables.

Discreet variables - These are data that can only take a single value rather than a range of values.
Data on a population's blood group or gender, and number of students in a class, for examples, is
referred to as discrete data. Bar charts are a common way to represent this.

Continuous variables - These are data that can have values between a certain ranges, with the
highest and lowest values being the most extreme. The range of data is the difference between
the highest and lowest values. The length of babies, weight of children, and height of students in
the class, for examples, can take decimal values. These are considered continuous data. A
frequency distribution can be used to tabulate continuous data. Histograms can be used to
represent them graphically
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Qualitative variables - There are two types of qualitative data: nominal data and ordinal data.
Nominal variables
Nominal data (also known as nominal scale) in statistics is a classification of categorical
variables that do not have a numerical value. Labeled or named data is another term for it.
E.g.: gender-“0”may be used to represent male,”1”represent female.
Agreeing to something is “yes” or “no”
Ordinal variables

Ordinal data is a type of qualitative data in which the variables are classified into natural, ordered
groups and the distances between the groups are unknown. Ordinal data is said to have been
collected, for example,

When a customer enters his or her satisfaction on the variable scale — "satisfied, indifferent, and
dissatisfied." Other example is a taste perception level about food.
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QUESTION NO.2

Age is one of the factors of consideration for prostate cancer patients in deciding on
Treatment strategy. The following shows the ages of prostate cancer patients at a certain
Hospital.
60 52 67 56 61 64 58 65 57 50
42 46 50 56 56 62 64 69 55 47

i) Find the value of the mean, median and mode for the given data.
ii) Determine the first and third quartiles.
All work must be shown.

I. Mean –
60+52+67+56+61+64+58+65+57+50+42+46+50+56+56+62+64+69+55+47
20

1137 /20 = 56.85

Median – 42,46,47,50,50,52,55,56,56,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,64,65,67,69
n+1
2 location of median
20+1 =10.5
2
Between the 10th and 11th position
(56+57)/2
56.5
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Mode – highest frequency occurring number – 56

Quartiles- Q1 Q3

42,46,47,50,50,52,55,56,56,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,64,65,67,69

11. First quartile – third quartile-

Q1= 1 (n+1) Q3= ¾(n+1)
4 ¾(20+1)
21/4=5.25 63/4=15.75

Location of 1st quartile – 5.25 location of 3rd quartile-15.75

1st quartiles- between 5th and 6th position 3rd quartile—between 15th and 16th
position
Q1=50+ (0.25) (52-50) Q3=62+ (0.75) (64-62)
50+ (0.25x2) 62 + (0.75x2)
50+0.5=50.5 62+1.5=63.5
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QUESTION NO.3

Given the following set of data on weights of 57 children at an orphanage:

68 63 42 27 30 36 28 32 79 27
22 23 24 25 44 65 43 25 74 51
36 42 28 31 28 25 45 12 57 51
12 32 49 38 42 27 31 50 38 21
16 24 15 47 23 22 43 27 49 28
23 19 46 30 43 49 12
a. Determine the number of classes and class with that can be used to construct a
Frequency distribution table for the data.
b. Construct a frequency distribution table using 10 as the lower limit of the first class.
c. Provide the relative frequency distribution table.
d. Determine the class midpoints and class boundaries.
e. Construct a “less than or equal to” cumulative frequency table and polygon.
All work must be shown.

a. n=57
Number of classes (k) =1+3.3 log (57)
1+ 3.3(1.75)
1+5.77
6.77=7

Class width= (largest number-smallest number) =79-12/k=67/7

K
=9.5
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Class frequency
b. 10 - 18.5 5
19.5 – 28 19
29 - 37.5 8
38.5 – 47 10
48 - 56.5 6
57.5 – 66 2
67 - 75.5 2
76.5 - 85 1

c.

Class frequency relative frequency

10 – 18.5 5 5/57=0.08
19.5 -28 19 19/57=0.33
29 – 37.5 8 8/57=0.14
38.5 - 47 10 10/57=0.17
48 - 56.5 6 6/57=0.10
57.5 – 66 2 2/57=0.03
67 – 75.5 2 2/57=0.03
76.5 – 85 1 1/57=0.017

Total 53 1
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d.

Class lower boundaries class midpoint upper boundaries frequency

10-18.5 9.5 (10+18.5)/2=14.25 (18.5+19.5)/2=19 5
19.5-28 18.5+19.5/2=19 (19.5+28)/2=23.75 (28+29)/2=28.5 19
29-37.5 28+29/2=28.5 (29+37.5)/2=33.25 (37.5+38.5)/2=38 8
38.5-47 37.5+38.5/2=38 (38.5+47)/2=42.75 (47+48)/2=47.5 10
48-56.5 47+48/2=47.5 (48+56.5/2)=52.25 (56.5+57.5)/2=57 6
57.5-66 56.5+57.5/2=57 (57.5+66)/2=61.75 (66+67)/2=66.5 2
67-75.5 66+67/2=66.5 (67+75.5)/2=71.5 (75.5+76.5)/2=76 2
76.5-85 75.5+76.5/2=76 (76.5+85)/2=80.75 (85+86)/2=85.5 1

e.
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QUESTION 4
a. Do a search on the internet for quantitative data related to health that consists of at least
40 observations.
(Suggested websites:
https://hbiostat.org/data/#vanderbilt‐biostatistics‐datasets
https://www.tableau.com/learn/articles/free‐public‐data‐sets)
i. Show your data set. Provide complete source of information for your data (eg: a URL if
the data was taken from the internet/ screen shots of the related page(s) if the data
was taken from a printed source)
ii. Identify the number of classes and class width, and construct a frequency distribution
table for your data.
iii. Construct a histogram and a frequency polygon for the data (separately).
(Note: computer generated charts are not acceptable).

(10 Marks)
b. The following data shows the status of vaccination of a group of adults. (N = None, O = 1
Dose; T = 2 Doses; B = Booster)
NTTBNOTBBBBO
OTTTBBPOOOBB
BNOTTOOBOBBB
TBBOTTTNNOBT
NBBBTTOOBNTB

i. Organize the data in a frequency distribution table.

ii. Represent the information using a suitable chart. Justify your choice. (Note: Computer
generated charts will not be accepted)
iii. Provide conclusions based on the chart produced.
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4.a
I.

https://hbiostat.org/data/#vanderbilt‐biostatistics‐datasets
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a.
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Comments related to pie chart-

The majority of this sample taken from the elderly population

were adults, i.e. about thirty-eight percent had received all doses
of vaccination, i.e. received up to the booster doses, 12% of the
sample had not received any dose, About twenty-three percent
took the first dose alone, and about twenty-seven percent took
both doses.
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