1

Final Project Assignment

Submitted to:

Submitted by:

Date:

Institute:
 2

1. Here are the ages of 50 members of Pakistan social service program:

71 50 67 67 80 64 56 54 91 61

66 88 67 65 52 72 74 65 73 59

43 54 76 70 57 68 82 75 79 60

39 77 76 97 56 45 60 43 65 79

92 72 83 80 50 65 50 58 70 37

Use this data to construct relative frequency distributions using 7 equal intervals and 13
equal intervals. State policies on social service programs require approximately 40 percent
of the program participants to be older than 50.

a. Is the program in compliance with the policy?

Answer:

1. Using 7 Equal Intervals:

Determine the range: 97−37=6097−37=60

Class width: 60/7≈8.5760/7≈8.57 (round up to 9 for convenience)

Class Intervals:

37 - 45

46 - 54

55 - 63

64 - 72

73 - 81

82 - 90
 3

91 - 99

Relative Frequency Distribution:

Class Interval Frequency Relative Frequency

37 - 45 7 7/50 = 0.14
46 - 54 11 11/50 = 0.22
55 - 63 8 8/50 = 0.16
64 - 72 9 9/50 = 0.18
73 - 81 6 6/50 = 0.12
82 - 90 4 4/50 = 0.08
91 - 99 5 5/50 = 0.10

b. Does your 13-interval relative frequency distribution help you answer part a better then
your 7-interval distribution?

Answer:

2. Using 13 Equal Intervals:

Class width: 60/13≈4.6260/13≈4.62 (round up to 5 for convenience)

Class Intervals:

37 - 41

42 - 46

47 - 51

52 - 56

57 - 61

62 - 66

67 - 71

72 - 76
 4

77 - 81

82 - 86

87 - 91

92 - 96

97 - 101

Relative Frequency Distribution:

Class Interval Frequency Relative Frequency

37 - 41 5 5/50 = 0.10
42 - 46 6 6/50 = 0.12
47 - 51 3 3/50 = 0.06
52 - 56 7 7/50 = 0.14
57 - 61 5 5/50 = 0.10
62 - 66 5 5/50 = 0.10
67 - 71 6 6/50 = 0.12
72 - 76 4 4/50 = 0.08
77 - 81 3 3/50 = 0.06
82 - 86 1 1/50 = 0.02
87 - 91 3 3/50 = 0.06
92 - 96 1 1/50 = 0.02
97 - 101 1 1/50 = 0.02

a. Is the program in compliance with the policy?

Answer:

To determine compliance, we need to calculate the percentage of program participants older than
50.
 5

In the 7-interval distribution, the cumulative relative frequency for the last interval (91 - 99) is
0.10+0.08=0.18, which corresponds to 18%. In the 13-interval distribution, the cumulative
relative frequency for the last interval (92 - 96) is 0.02+0.02+0.02=0.06, which corresponds to
6%.

Both distributions show that the percentage of participants older than 50 is below the required
40%, indicating that the program is not in compliance with the policy.

b. Does your 13-interval relative frequency distribution help you answer part a better
than your 7-interval distribution?

Answer:

Yes, the 13-interval distribution provides more detailed information about the age distribution,
allowing for a more granular analysis. It highlights specific age ranges, making it easier to
identify where the program falls short of the policy requirements. The 7-interval distribution
provides a broader overview but may not capture nuances in the age distribution as effectively.

c. High Performance Bicycle Products Company in sampled its shipping records for a
certain day with these results:

4 10 8 14 11 6 7 13 13 11

12 10 5 15 10 15 25 7 26 9

Construct a relative frequency distribution of the data. Use 5 equal class widths that will
include all of the data.

What is the class width?

Answer:

Determine the Range:

Maximum value (Max): 26

Minimum value (Min): 4

Range = Max - Min = 26 - 4 = 22

 6

Calculate Class Width:

Class width = Range / Number of classes = 22 / 5 ≈ 4.4

Rounded up to 5

Create Class Intervals:

Calculate Relative Frequency:

Class Interval Frequency Relative Frequency

4-8 5 5/20 = 0.25
9 - 13 6 6/20 = 0.30
14 - 18 4 4/20 = 0.20
19 - 23 3 3/20 = 0.15
24 - 28 2 2/20 = 0.10

3. Construct a relative frequency distribution using 10 intervals:

Answer:

First, we organize the data and determine the range:

Data: 22, 38, 26, 28, 30, 41, 28, 31, 45, 35, 35, 40, 30, 31, 40, 27, 33, 28, 30, 35, 41, 39, 37, 30,
33, 31, 36, 37, 32, 23, 45, 36, 37, 38, 36, 33, 35, 42, 30, 33, 22, 37, 43, 50, 33, 35, 30, 46, 37

Range: Max - Min = 50 - 22 = 28

Class Width: Range / Number of intervals = 28 / 10 = 2.8 (round up to 3 for convenience)

Class Intervals:

22 - 24

25 - 27

28 - 30

31 - 33

34 - 36
 7

37 - 39

40 - 42

43 - 45

46 - 48

49 – 51

Relative Frequency Distribution:

Class Interval Frequency Relative Frequency

22 - 24 3 3/50 = 0.06
25 - 27 5 5/50 = 0.10
28 - 30 8 8/50 = 0.16
31 - 33 8 8/50 = 0.16
34 - 36 6 6/50 = 0.12
37 - 39 7 7/50 = 0.14
40 - 42 4 4/50 = 0.08
43 - 45 4 4/50 = 0.08
46 - 48 1 1/50 = 0.02
49 - 51 4 4/50 = 0.08

Which interval occurs most often?

Answer:

The interval 28 - 30 occurs most often with a frequency of 8.

4. Find the standard deviation of the given data:

4.1. Data set: 35, 50, 60, 50, 75, 65, 80

Answer:

Standard deviation is a bit lengthy to calculate manually, but you can use statistical software or
calculators. For this set, the standard deviation is approximately 13.92.
 8

4.2. Data set: 54, 49, 47, 46, 45, 48, 41, 40, 40, 39

Answer:

The standard deviation for this set is approximately 4.18.

4.3. Data set: 11, 7, 16, 2, 8, 13, 3, 6, 10, 3, 8, 9, 8, 4, 7

Answer:

The standard deviation for this set is approximately 3.12.

5. Probability of two heads and one tail in three coin tosses:

Answer:

Since each coin toss is independent and has two outcomes (heads or tails), the probability of
getting two heads and one tail in three tosses is calculated as:

P(2 heads and 1 tail) = P(H, H, T)=21×21×21=81

6. Probability that a two-digit number is a multiple of 7:

Answer:

There are multiples of 7 from 14 to 98 in two-digit numbers. The total number of two-digit
numbers is 90 (from 10 to 99). So, the probability is:

P(multiple of 7)= number of multiples of 7/total number of two-digit numbers=890=445

7. Probability of choosing a black balloon:

Answer:

The total number of balloons is 47 (white) + 5 (yellow) + 10 (black) = 62.

The probability of choosing a black balloon is:

Answer:

P(black) = number of black balloons/total number of balloons=10/

8. Probability of winning with 10 tickets:

 9

Answer:

The probability of winning with one ticket is 2/100=1/50. With 10 tickets, the probability is:

P(winning with 10 tickets) =10×P(winning with one ticket)=10×1/50=1/5

9. Probability of drawing a red button:

Answer:

Initially, there are 6 red buttons out of 40 (14 + 6 + 12 + 8) buttons. After 25 buttons are
removed, there are 6−2540×6 red buttons remaining. The probability is then:

P(red)= number of remaining red buttonstotal number of remaining buttons

P(red)= total number of remaining buttons/numbers of remaining red buttons.

P(red)= 6/15

Simplify the fraction:

P(red)= 2/5

10. The relationship of a woman’s shoe size and length of a woman’s foot, in inches, is given
in the accompanying table. Find the correlation between women’s shoe size and foot length.

Answer:

Variable Women Shoe Size Foot Length Inch

Women Shoe Size 1
Foot Length Inch 0.8 1

11. As shown in the table below, a person’s target heart rate during exercise changes as the
person gets older. Find the correlation between the age and target heart rate. Does age
have any impact on individual’s heart rate? If yes find the effect size and draw the slope.
 10

Answer:

A correlation coefficient value of -0.999133974 between age and target heart rate. The
correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two
variables. In this case, the correlation coefficient is very close to -1, indicating a strong negative
linear relationship between age and target heart rate.

What the correlation coefficient values typically mean:

Close to 1: Strong positive linear relationship (as one variable increases, the other tends to
increase).

Close to -1: Strong negative linear relationship (as one variable increases, the other tends to
decrease).

Close to 0: Weak or no linear relationship.

In this case, the correlation coefficient being close to -1 suggests that as age increases, the target
heart rate tends to decrease.
 11

Regression
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-50
-100

Series1 Series15 Series29 Series43 Series57

Effect size:

The R2 value of 0.9983 means that about 99.83% of the differences or variations in the target
heart rate can be explained by the linear relationship with age.

Think of R2 as a measure of how well the age can predict or explain the changes in the target
heart rate. The closer R2 is to 1, the better the age explains the variations in the target heart rate.

In this case, with an R2 value of 0.9983, it suggests that age has a very strong impact on
predicting or explaining the changes in the target heart rate. So, age seems to play a substantial
role in determining how the target heart rate varies.

12. Determine which set of data given below has the stronger linear relationship between x
and y. Justify your choice.
 12

Answer:

SET A
Correlat
ion
X Y
X 1
Y 0.9693 1
63

SET B
X Y
X 1
Y - 1
0.9937
5

The correlation coefficients are close to 1 (in Set A) and -1 (in Set B), suggesting strong linear
relationships. However, the stronger absolute value of the correlation coefficient in Set B (-
0.99375) indicates that Set B has a stronger linear relationship between X and Y compared to Set
A (0.969363).

Therefore, based on the provided correlation coefficients, Set B has a stronger linear relationship
between X and Y.

13. A convenience store manager notices that sales of soft drinks are higher on hotter days,
so he assembles the data in the table
 13

High Temperature (°F) Number of cans sold

55 340
58 335
64 410
68 460
74 450
75 610
83 735
84 780

A convenience store manager notices that sales of soft drinks are higher on hotter days, so
he assembles the data in the table.

Make a scatter plot of the data.

Number of cans sold

900
800
700 f(x) = 15.1066114434729 x − 544.351127473539
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Find and graph a linear regression equation that models the data.

Equation: y = 15.107x - 544.35

14. Anthropologists use a linear model that relates femur length to height. The model
allows an anthropologist to determine the height of an individual when only a partial
 14

skeleton (including the femur) is found. In this problem, we find the model by analyzing the
data on femur length and height for the ten males given in the table.

Femur Length (cm) Height (cm)

50.1 178.5
48.3 173.6
45.2 164.8
44.7 163.7
44.5 168.3
42.7 165.0
39.5 155.4
38.0 155.0

Make a scatter plot of the data.

Height (cm)
185
180
175 f(x) = 1.9230952072259 x + 80.6809239811574
170
165
160
155
150
145
140
36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52

Find and graph a linear regression equation that models the data.

Equation: y = 1.9231x + 80.681