Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Regional Office No. 02 (Cagayan Valley)
Schools Division Office of Cauayan City
Brgy. Turayong, Cauayan City, Isabela 3305

“LEARNING THROUGH THE LENS”: ITS EFFECTS TO THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 GENERAL
ACADEMIC STRAND STUDENTS IN PLANT BIOLOGY

1 x 1 ID
picture

BENJAMIN C. ABREGADO
Teacher III
Cauayan City National High School
Schools Division of Cauayan City
benjaminabregado@gmail.com

I. Context and Rationale

Science education started with the traditional methods or strategies in

teaching different concepts from lecture to discussion and the use of

audiovisual materials. The 21st Century Education requires educators to

innovate in the way they teach their learners. The fact that no one strategy is

best for all the learners because of their individual differences and plus the idea

that teachers should use innovative strategies to meet the demands of the

instruction and the students. Modern strategies would include game-based

activities, computer tutorials, simulations, photography and many others.

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 1

 Students of today are highly visuals. They can best learn with the aid of

pictures, graphics and other visual materials. It is also undeniable that they are

all into technology and majority of them are using cell phones with camera,

tablet and iPods. The study conducted by Alenizi (2015) revealed that visual

media such as images and photographs made it easy for the students to

understand the concepts of science subjects, specifically biology, physics, and

chemistry. Students are presented with opportunities to develop their own

ideas and opinions, thus boosting their own interpersonal skills while at the

same time questioning the authenticity and relevance of the concepts at hand.

Based on the observation and results of the diagnostic and summative

exams, students have poor performance in the plant organs and systems. It is

with this reason that the researcher would like to conduct a study to determine

the effectiveness of photography as one of the innovative strategies in today’s

teaching. Photography in this particular study is an art of capturing photos

especially plants and its parts in detail to describe and learn its anatomy and

physiology.

Action Research Questions

This study aims to determine the effects of “Learning through the Lens”

Strategy on the academic performance of Grade 12 GAS students in Plant

Organ Systems and Functions at Cauayan City National High School.

The study specifically seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What are the pretest and posttest results of the control group and

experimental group before and after the introduction of the

intervention/strategy?

3. Is there a significant difference on the pretest and posttest results of the

control group and experimental group before and after the introduction

of the intervention/strategy?

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 2

 4. What is the effect size of the intervention/strategy to the academic

performance of the participants?

II. Proposed Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy

The researcher opted to create an intervention to enhance the Grade 12

GAS students’ academic motivation and performance in General Biology 2

particularly the Plant Organ Systems and Functions at Cauayan City National

High School.

The intervention will be named “Learning through the Lens.” This

intervention is in the form of photography where students will make use of their

cellular phones with camera in the learning of the concepts. The intervention

will be administered to the experimental group covering the following topics:

processes in plants (reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange,

transport/circulation, regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control,

immune systems, and sensory and motor mechanisms) which are included in

the Second Quarter, Academic Year 2020-2021. This will be done twice a

week.

Photography has the potential to enhance the understanding of scientific

concepts, yet an increasing number of new learners are hindered by their own

disdain. This intervention will assess the possibilities of learning and

interpreting new concepts in contextually hindered learners and aimed to

decipher the possibility of learning a new concept more easily compared to

conventional learning aids, especially in subjects with scientific backgrounds in

K-12 learners (Alenizi, 2015).

The following steps will be employed:

1. Explore. The teacher will teach the concept. After teaching, students will

explore the environment by searching plants to be studied.

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 3

 2. Capture. Using their cellular phones, they will take photos of the parts and

organs of the chosen plant (they will capture the micro and macro parts).

3. Group Dynamics. Students will have discussion about the captured photos

by answering the guide questions.

4. Present. Representative of the group will present their output to the class

showing the captured photos. Then, there will be a question and answer

portion. Each member of the group must participate in the question and answer

part of the presentation.

5. Review. To have a review of the concept, the researcher will conduct a

“group recitation” and/or will administer a test.

III. Action Research Methods

The researcher will utilize the True-Experimental research design,

specifically the Pretest - Post-test Only Design wherein the subjects are

randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. Both groups

are pretested for the independent variable. The experimental group receives

the treatment (“Learning Through the Lens” Strategy) and both groups are

post-tested to examine the effects of manipulating the independent variable on

the dependent variable.

a. Participants and/or other Sources of Data and Information

The participants will be the Grade 12 GAS students of Cauayan City

National High School. They will be the chosen respondents since they are

the only one belonging to a strand enrolled in the subject, General Biology 2

and since problems or issues were identified on their part. Hence, their

inclusion.

There are two sections of GAS and they are heterogeneously divided.

Researcher will randomly choose which one is experimental group and

control group. There will be 20 participants for the experimental group and

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 4

 20 participants for the control group which will be chosen by means of

randomization (utilizing a computer assisted random sequencing).

b. Data Gathering Methods

The researcher will make use of different assessment tools before,

during, and after the introduction of the intervention to really measure its

effectiveness.

In the Pre-Experimental Stage, the researcher will conduct an

orientation about the research. He will also administer a pretest which

includes topics on: processes in plants (reproduction, development,

nutrition, gas exchange, transport/circulation, regulation of body fluids,

chemical and nervous control, immune systems, and sensory and motor

mechanisms). This is to assess the performance of the control group and

experimental group before the implementation of the intervention. The pre-

test with Table of Specifications consists of 40 items will be based on the

learning competencies indicated in the curriculum guide of General Biology

2.

For the Experimental Stage, the first step the researcher will do is to

present the overview of photography and how it will work. Participants of the

experimental group are going to use photography in understanding the

concepts while the participants of the control group will have the traditional

way (the use of photos available in the internet/books). Observation and

interview will also be conducted by the researcher during this stage.

After the intervention, the researcher will administer a posttest parallel

to the pretest that will be administered to the students. Focus Group will also

be conducted to further determine the effectiveness of the intervention.

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 5

 c. Ethical Issues

The researcher will observe the proper Standard Operating Procedure

in conducting research. A letter seeking the permission and approval to

conduct the study will be given to the school head and the schools division

superintendent prior to the conduct of the study. Once approved, the

researcher will distribute consent forms to the parents since the participants

are minors. The researcher must seek the approval/consent of the learners’

parent/s or guardian. They must be informed of the research objectives and

the reason why the researcher is conducting such.

d. Data Analysis Plan

The scores of both the pretest and posttest will be taken and these

data will be tallied, and will be statistically treated using the mean and

standard deviation.

Paired sample t-test will be used to find out the significant difference in

the scores of the control group and experimental group before and after the

introduction of the intervention.

Eta squared will be used to determine the effect of the intervention to

the performance of the Grade 12 GAS Students.

All data gathered will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for

Social Sciences (SPSS) or the Microsoft ware (Excel).

IV. Action Research Work Plan and Timelines

Resources
Strategies Progr Activities Task Materials Physical Financi Time/
am al Period
Orientation >Conduct >Talk to the Participan June,
/ an Principal ts 2020

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 6

Briefing orientation about the Research
to the plan er
respondents Classroo
about the m
action
research >Bond >30
>Distributio Paper/Ph June,
n of otocopy
>Prepare a 2020
consent Participan
consent
letter to the tsResearc
letter to be
parents her
signed by
Classroo
the parents.
m

Administrat >Administer >Prepare a >Test Participan >900 July, 2020

ion of Pre pretest to 30-item papers tsResearc
test both groups pretest her
Classroo
>Reproduc m
e the test

>Administer
and check
the test
papers

Implement >Teach the >Facilitate >Printing Research >1,300 July to

ation/ control students of outputs er August,
Observatio group with under Participan 2020
n the experiment ts
traditional al group on Classroo
approach the use of m
and the use photograph
of y
photography
for the
experimenta
l group

Interview >Conduct >Interview/ >Recorde Research Septembe

an interview Group r/ Camera er r, 2020
about the Discussion Participan
effect of ISN ts
on the
participants’
academic
motivation

Administrat Administer >Prepare a >Test Research >900 Septembe

ion of Post posttest to 30-item Papers er r, 2020
Test both groups posttest Participan
>Questio tsClassro
>Reproduc nnaire om
e the test

>Administer
and check
the test
papers
Data Collection of >Collate the >Laptop Research Septembe
Collation, Data data, er r, 2020
Analysis, scores, and Statisticia
Interpretati responses n
on, and during
Presentatio interview
n Data

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 7

 Analysis and
Interpretatio >Analyze
n and
interpret the
data with
the help of
the
Data
statistician
Presentation

Completion Printing/ >Print the Ink Research >1, 000 October,

Reprinting/ output er 2020
Binding
>Reprint
the final
output

>Binding
Disseminat >2,000 November
ion and 2020
Utilization
P 6, 130.
00

V. Cost Estimates

Particulars Quantity Amount

-Reproduction of the Consent 30 copies x 1.00 P 30. 00

Form

-Pre Test 60 x 15.00 P 900. 00

-Post Test 60 x 15.00 P 900. 00

Materials for the Photography

-Printing of Outputs 4 reams x 200.00 P 800. 00

Ink P 500. 00

-Binding Reproduction and P 1000. 00

Book-Binding

Dissemination and Utilization P 2, 000. 00

TOTAL:

P 6, 130. 00

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 8

VI. Plans for Dissemination and Utilization

The researcher believes that this study will contribute to the achievement

of learning outcomes and improvement of teaching-learning processes. The

results of the study will be disseminated through the following mechanisms:

1. Learning Action Cells.

2. School Research Journal

3. In-Service Training

4. Division, Region, and National Research Fora

VII. References

Alenizi, Abdulaziz (2015) Use of Photography to Support the Learning Process of

Science Teachers of Ninth Through Twelfth Grade In the Schools of Kuwait.
Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/711c/5b5ef65f3862fdc3da781b51b7d9a97f
a883.pdf
DepEd Order No. 16, s. 2017. Research Management Guidelines.
Johnson, S. (2013). What is the Impact of Interactive Science Notebooks on Student
Success in Science? Montana State University. Bozeman,
Linette, R. (2014). Seven reasons to use Interactive Notebooks. the curriculum.
(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED482720). Retrieved June 29,
2010, from http://www.ericdigests.org/2004-4/notebooks.htm.
Erinosho, S. (2013). How Do Students Perceive the Difficulty of Physics in
Secondary School? An Exploratory Study in Nigeria. International Journal
for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education (IJCDSE), Special Issue
Volume 3 Issue 3, 2013.
Pauk, W. (2014). How to Study in College. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Silva, J et al. (2014). The Effect of Interactive Science Notebook on Students’
Achievement and 21st Century Skills. Education Dissertations. 65. Western
Connecticut State University,

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template 9

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region 2
Schools Division of Cauayan City
 

CAUAYAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Turayong, Cauayan City, Isabela

PRETEST
General Physics 1
Academic Year 2018-2019

Name: ________________________ Score: ___________

DIRECTION. Choose the letter of your best answer from the given choices. Write
your answer on the space provided. (30 pts)

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
30-ITEM TEST

Name(optional): ______________________________Date:
______________________
Score:
______________________

***Use this figure to answer questions # 1 to 3.

3 4

1. In the accompanying figure, the region where leaves are attached is:

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3

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 D. 4

2. The labeled structure that is just above the point where the leaf attaches is:

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

3. In the accompanying figure, which of the following is a region in between nodes?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

***Use this figure to answer questions # 4 to 7.

B C D
A

4. Spiral arrangement.

5. Alternate arrangement.

6. Opposite arrangement.

7. Whorled arrangement.

FM-SGO-RES-003 Rev. 00 Action Research Proposal Template

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 ***Label the following parts of the plant. (8-27)

11
8 14

12

10 13

15

17

18

16

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 23
19

24

20

25

26

21

27

22

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28. Which one of the following is mismatched?

A. ground tissue—photosynthesis
B. vascular tissue—storage
C. dermal tissue—covering of plant body
D. ground tissue–—storage

29. To prevent rapid loss of water, especially among aerial plants, the epidermis is provided
with a waxy substance. What do you call this waxy substance covering the surfaces of most
plants?
A. bark

B. cuticle

C. trichomes

D. endodermis

30. Tendrils are best described as:

A. modified leaves capable of twining around small objects.

B. runners.

C. fleshy horizontal stems.

D. horizontal like rhizomes.

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