Autumn Semester, Academic Year 2020–21

Assignment - 2

Course: MA 1001 Section: G

(1) Show that the function f defined by f (x) = x, if x ∈ Q and f (x) = 0, if x ∈ Qc , is

continuous only at x = 0.

(2) Let f : R → R be defined by f (x) = x2 , if x is rational and f (x) = 0, if x is

irrational. Show that f is differentiable at 0 and find f 0 (0).

(3) Examine the validity of the hypothesis and the conclusion of LMVT for the following
functions f on [a, b].
(a) f (x) = |x|, a = −2, b = 1
(b) f (x) = x1/3 , a = −1, b = 1
2x − 1
(c) f (x) = , a = 2, b = 3
3x
(4) Prove the following inequalities:
x2 x2
(a) < x − ln(1 + x) < , −1 < x < 0.
2 2(1 + x)
(b) ny n−1 (x − y) ≤ xn − y n ≤ nxn−1 (x − y), if 0 < y ≤ x, n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
2
(c) 1 − x < e−x < 1 − x + x2 , x > 0
(d) x < sin−1 (x) < √1−x
x
2
,0<x<1

(5) Let f (x) = 1 − x2/3 . Then f (1) = f (−1) = 0 but f 0 (x) is never zero in the interval
[−1, 1]. Explain how is this possible in view of Rolle’s theorem.

(6) Suppose that f 00 is continuous in [a, b] and that f has three zeros in the interval
[a, b]. Show that f 00 has atleast one zero in (a, b).

(7) For any two different real numbers a and b (a < b), prove that a2 + ab + b2 = 3c2 ,
for some c ∈ (a, b).
√ √
(8) Show that the function f (x) = x + x + 1 − 4 has exactly one zero in (0, ∞).

(9) Prove that between any two roots of ex sin x = 1 there is atleast one root of ex cos x+
1 = 0.

(10) If f : [0, 4] → R is differentiable then prove that [f (4)]2 − [f (0)]2 = 8f 0 (a)f (b), for
a, b ∈ (0, 4).

(11) Use the function f (x) = x1/x , for x > 0, to prove that eπ > π e .

(12) Write the Taylor’s series of the following functions about the given x. Also find the
values of x for which the resulting power series is convergent.
(a) 2x about x = 1.
(b) ln(1 + x) about x = 0.
(c) sin x about x = π/4.

(13) Write the fourth degree Taylor’s polynomial for f (x) = x sin x about x = 0 and find
the error in approximation in the interval [−1, 1].

(14) Prove the following by using  − δ definition of limit.

x 1
(i) limx→1 1+x = 2
x2 −x+1 1
(ii) limx→1 x+1 = 2
 x
(iii) limx→∞ 1+3x = 31
 
1
(iv) lim(x,y)→(0,0) y + x cos =0
y
1
(v) lim(x,y)→(0,0) (x2 + y 2 ) sin =0
xy
(vi) lim(x,y)→(1,1) x2 + 2y = 3
x4 y − 3x2 y 3 + y 5
(vii) lim(x,y)→(0,0) =0
(x2 + y 2 )2
 1
(x + y) sin x+y , if x + y 6= 0
(15) (a) Show that the function f (x, y) = is continu-
0, if x + y = 0
ous at the origin, but fx (0, 0) and fy (0, 0) do not exist.
 xy
x2 +2y 2
, if (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
(b) Show that the function f (x, y) = is not continu-
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0)
ous at the origin, but fx (0, 0) and fy (0, 0) exist.
( 2 2
x y
x2 +y 2
, if (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
(c) Find fxy (0, 0) and fyx (0, 0) for f (x, y) =
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0)

(16) Find the absolute maxima and absolute minima of the function f (x, y) = x2 + xy +
y 2 − 6x on the rectangular plate 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 and −3 ≤ y ≤ 3.

(17) Test the following functions for local maxima/minima and saddle points.

(i) f (x, y) = 2(x2 − y 2 ) − x4 + y 4

(ii) f (x, y) = 2y 2 + 2yx2 + x4 = (x2 + y)2 + y 2
(iii) f (x, y) = x2 − 3xy 2 + 2y 4 = (x − y 2 )(x − 2y 2 )

(18) Prove that if f (x) and g(x) are continuous and f (x) ≤ g(x) when x is rational, then
f (x) ≤ g(x), for all x.

(19) (a) Let f : (−1, 1) → R be continuous at 0, and suppose that f (x) = f (x2 ) for all
x ∈ (−1, 1). Show that f (x) = f (0) for all x ∈ (−1, 1).
(b) Let f be such that f (cx) = f (x), for all x ∈ R and some positive number c 6= 1.
Show that if f is continuous at 0, then it is a constant function.
(Apply sequential criterion)

(20) Determine the points of discontinuity (if there is any) and their type for the following
functions
1 x2
(i) f (x) = |x|+1 − 2
x+2
(ii) f (x) = cos x
(iii) f (x) = (3x − 1)1/4
 x3 −8
 x2 −4 , if x 6= ±2
(iv) f (x) = 1, if x = 2
if x = −2

4,
( 1/x −1/x
e −e
e1/x +e−1/x
, if x 6= 0
(v) f (x) =
1, if x = 0