Mobile Communication Lab B. E.

EXTC Semester VII Year: 2022-

2023

Name:krishnaveni Doki
BE EXTC A
119A2032

Exp. No. 10

The effects of the operational behavior of Incumbent (Primary user) on the

throughput of the CR CPE (Secondary User)
 Experiment No 10

AIM: To analyze how the operational behavior of Incumbent (Primary User) affects the
throughput of the CR CPE (Secondary User)

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: NetSim Academic

THEORY:

The important components of the cognitive radio concept is the ability to measure, sense,
learn, and be aware of the parameters related to the radio channel characteristics, availability
of spectrum and power, radio’s operating environment, user requirements and applications,
available networks (infrastructure) and nodes, local policies and other operating restrictions.

A spectrum hole has been defined as “a band of frequencies assigned to a primary user”, but
at a particular time and specific geographic location, the band is not being utilized by that
user. Cognitive Radio was proposed as the means to promote the efficient use of spectrum by
exploiting the existence of spectrum holes.

In cognitive radio terminology, Primary Users (Incumbent) can be defined as the users who
have higher priority or legacy rights on the usage of a specific part of the spectrum. On the
other hand, Secondary Users (CR CPE), which have lower priority, exploit this spectrum in
such a way that they do not cause interference to primary users. Therefore, secondary users
need to have cognitive radio capabilities, such as sensing the spectrum reliably to check
whether it is being used by a primary user and to change the radio parameters to exploit the
unused part of the spectrum.

CREATE SCENARIO:

The different parameters used to analyze the performance are performed are explained as
follows:

 Throughput: It is the rate of successfully transmitted data packets in unit time in the
network during the simulation.

 Spectral Efficiency: It refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a
given bandwidth in a specific communication system. It is a measure of how
efficiently a limited frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol, and
sometimes by the media access control protocol.

Follow the steps given in the different samples to arrive at the objective.
In this experiment,

 One Base station,

 1 Incumbent and

 2 CR CPE

Simulation time: 100s

Similarly;

Sample 2 and 3:

Output:

To view the output;

 Go to the application metrics in metrics file (.csv) and check the value of throughput.

Throughput = Throughput of the application

 Go to CR channel metrics at the end in metrics file (.csv) and check the spectral
efficiency.

SAMPLE OPERATIONAL THROUGHPUT SPECTRUM

INTERVAL EFFICIENCY

1 0 0 0.00001

2 5 0.223401 0.19258

3 10 0.31774 0.27407

Graph 1:

Samples vs Throughput
Graph 2:

Samples vs Spectral Efficiency

CONCLUSION:

In both the samples, the Secondary User lies within the operational region of Primary User hence the
frequency spectrum used by operational Primary User cannot be used by Secondary User for
transmitting data.

In the first sample, there is no spectrum hole and throughput of the data transmitted by
secondary user and the spectral is approximately equal to zero.

In the second sample, the Throughput and Spectral Efficiency is better compared to
Sample1.

In the third sample, the Throughput and Spectral Efficiency is better compared to other
samples.