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Student's Book
Simon Brewster
Alastair Lane

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If you want to download Going Pro 2

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BlockZ A Blast from the Past 24

Block 3 Whettipg Your Appetite 42

Block 4 Shopping Spree _--_._------- 60

SuggestedWebsites 79
------- --- - _ _---_.
Pairwork Activities 80

Dictionary 92
-------~-------------
Grammar References 98

Audio Scripts 106

-----------------------~---
Verb List 112

Fold-outs 113

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 It's Electric!
page 6

page I I 3 Fold-out

2 A Blast from
the Past
page 24

page I 15 Fold-out

3 Whetting Your
Appetite
page 42

page I 17 Fold-out

4 Shopping Spree
page 60

page I 19 Fold-out

page 79 Suggested Websites page 80 Pairwork Activities

page 106 Audio Scripts page I 12 Verb List

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5
BLOCK one It's Electric!
1 Read the blog post and discuss the questions. Maybe he moved
What is the purpose of Anna's blog post? Does Anna know
her uncle? What does she ask her readers todo] po you
think-she will have any.success?Why?Whynot?VVh<ltdoi
you thinkhappened to Anna's uncle? .':

2 Go to page 113, read the documents quickly and answer

the questions.
I. What kinds of documents are they?
2. Which are official documents?
3. Which ones are by professionals (e.g., journalists)?
4. Which ones come from members of the public?
5. Which ones are more likely to be accurate?

3 Look at the documents again and complete the fact file on

William Harrison.

1I1 Name

6
4 Complete the reading
Clctivity.
, I. Read the e-mail quickly
and then close your ,To: annabornes@mymoil.com
books. Subject: RE My lost uncle
,2. Write down everything'
". you remember. Try Hello Anna.
<answering the Who, I'm writing to you about our e-mail exchange' last month.You asked me about
your uncle, William Harrison. Yesterday. one of our managers called me. He thinks
vouruncle did VJOrkh.ere in the past.The manager's name is Cisco Garcia.

about your uncle. just give Cisco a call. He speaks very

wor~ obout.thot.His number is 555 02 322. He also showed
your uncle-""7Wsottochedtotilis e-mail too.] hope this helps! "

Your Glossary
5 0 Listen to the conversation between Anna and Cisco disappeared __ ._,,~"~~_
Garcia. Find one false piece of information in the documents
on page 113.

6 W Listen again. Explain how the words in the box are

related to the story.

Bill power co,bles an accident at work eiudod Delicios I attached

I 1992 the Internet cell phones Sherlock Holmes

BLOCK one ::" 7

 . Starting Off.

Earth Hour
1 ® Look at the photos and answer the questions. Then listen
to the radio broadcast and check your answers.
Where are the places? What do you think is happening?

2 ® Listen again and fill in the blanks about Earth Hour .

. ..'. i Tdl~,nJ~~outb~t6~
and Ye~;~ ;

When we talk about dat~s'~~~ritEr~~rCh 23,2013. ~lJt we say Marchtwenty-third,

twenty-thirteen. When we use a month ond day only. we usually LJ~eordinal numbers.
We write March 23'0 and we say tyrarchthi} twenty.tll/rd.
We use ordinal numbers to t~lk ~~~~t th~~osition~r~;~erofthingS; like the day~ in
a month. The order of the ordinal numbers is 1" or first, 2>'" orsecondand 3~ or third.
Make other ordinal numbers by adding -th to the number: four ;:Jo0rfh, sixteen ;:
Your Glossary sixteenth. Note these exceptions: five = fifth. eight = eighth, nine = ninth, iwetve = twelfth_

awareness _ It a number ends in -y. add -ieth to make it ordinal: fiffy;: fiftieth.

[When is EOr!hH~ur.in.20.14~ t .. I > >i > i\·.·· ·..

encourages _ . ..•.···············.·It'~qn.Marsh.29.(M9r9htre·tk,?my-Qillfh).
I" s- fit!
9,h _. _____ •• _M ___
17,h
commitment _ 2nd
6 th
-----_. 10,h 20,h
-------
3 rd
.thiuj__ 7 th
I 1''' 21"
4th s- 2lg_hftl 12th twelfth 30m thirtieth

8
4 Find out the birthdays of six friends. Answer the questions.
Whose birthday is next? Does anyone have the same birthday as you?

5 Find the items in the picture.

D a computer [J a refrigerator r
_ _jaTV
:-] a game console [J a smartphone [] a water heater
[J a microwave [] a tropical aquarium [J living room lights

6 0 Listen to a conversation between Jimmy and his cousin Selena. Check

(V') the appliances In Activity 5 that they will turn off.

'] Look at the appliances Jimmy and Selena

don't turn off in Activity 5. Listen again and
discuss the reasons they give.

BLOCK one ;.;,'9

 . ",I ",,1','

Starting Off 'Simple Past of be

.;;'~;2~~f:t~r;:!~!i,0~()t:;:~:t~~~0~~:j;;~;~x
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: ~~~~..~..~,,'
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};'-::';i~hhe~iWh~twas the food like? .:".,'; <~:;':::,'", " To: jbOrneS(§iaSlmail,c~~""~< '.' '.:» ..~/' :;/'

:~2'f~;',i.·~~t~;~~~,:~:~~o~~~!fbj···
X;~~~Ez~1$~:''±;:~:n~d~ ····)F<./
.••...·t~t£:E~1~;~Ji~~e~~~!~1~;ft'!
:.r.~:~.i~,r:
< ~.~ •.··..~~tweek.nd!.MYaunt~nj:I~,]6'~;fin~lI;abl
•. ,....
• . •..... :" ' 'i.>: . ".• '.... to.vislt us in PiHSburgh.Th~Y~er~s'o h~ppY.t~~ee th~ir··········
, j,': ,.;: ' , ' ,....... .' , ". f~milyagain,MycoUSinElill.Jr,~OSh.ere,tC>~.IWaSSo ••...
. f ,i: /:'; (:>:. . Sjlllpl~ PCl~t~fbe "',',.' :, ••.•.. happy to meet himllwosn~tshy6t oii~ii~a$lik~w~were' .'

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'•'. ..' " ql\VaySfriendS. unfortLJ~~teM b~~th~r~,~e~en·t here" . ~y
away 9+ c~II~_~i;
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9
b."•.•
dn _______
, ,. 0 b~cCllls~.
th~Y are ~1~tO.
' we use . with the singular pronouns" (speak to them on the phone; which was great. '. .'.

I (I, he. sne. ;1). exce;rt you We use .. ' '.' .' ..' 'with> ': It.wos o wonci~rfulday; We w,¥r~ o'i.~~;h-~PP~,'h?t
~i"
'I! the plural pronouns (we, you, they):" . ,.: .i uncle wasn't in trouble" aflefall and was bock in touch'
with us. It was very ernotionott: but it.wqs also After ali fun,
I To make a negative statement, we add that talking and catching u~.?~.;.~'·~~.r.~:~Ij'.V,~'ry."···.·.h.·~~g···~.·····
.•··•··
II '..
---.--.-...-.-.-.--.to the simple pastof the verb be.
.. -_- We had a barbecue. It was oeticious]. ....'.' :'i .. .
I In questions. the simple past of the verb be goes So. how was your weekend? Where.w~re yOU? I didn't see
i .after / before Ihe subject. you online al alll
!
Talk soon.
Anna
3 Choose the correct options below. Then work in
pairs to answer the questions.

., :';/.: ... ,-
1.Which word wasn·t / weten') originally from N6hua((. the language of the Aztecs?
a. avocado. b. chilli .;./" c. hurricane

.. 2: Who ~v~s/ were ihe director of the 2006 mbvie, Elibberinto'c!EJI (o~no(Poii~LObyr;';fh)? .'
: '
a.Alejandro.GqnzQlez
. . ..
If\Orrilu '~'.~
.. b.R9t>~~tb~ko.driguez>·
_". ~.." . ". c,Gl.liliermQ~d:elTorcL
- . . -.,- -
..... ":~".'

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_-.' .~-:."- :~.:.:.,

3: 1:.\~~~~h::~;~~;~~.A~~re thefJfAwW'r~.f~~!~~~~~~:' ; '" .. .8.'1.9780[\<:1)986 •.' "

: ... ,." :.:.;; ".:'/:'

.4_ln the aritient Aztec religion. who was / were the god' qfwoler?,
o. Huitzilopochtli' . b. Quetzol~6~tI '.>."

5,Which country wasn't / weren't on original member of NAFTAin 19Q4?

o. Conodo b. J0D1qic9
.... ,' .
c. Mexico :
.':,"

6.Which countries wos/"Xere in me Bottle Ofpu~bla in.18~2?

a, Mexico and Franc~ ; '.' b,Mexi~q an~ Britain c.Mexico ondih@LJ,S,

7,Where was / were artist DiegoRivera born?

o. Covoocon i b. Guanqj00!0
.._,: ..:::;" .... ,.:,. ,:'.. ' '

. 8,Which of these U.S.stores wasn't / weren't once pa~i of Mexico? : >., :-... ;i'" r;"
.. :ci..~{iZOn~ <;lndTexas . b.C.8IJ(orn[o,ond, YJ9h .~.. ;' c. Florigo and toutslcno :;;
'.' .. ,:.... :.::;:. :;:f'
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• ':;;. .i .... ;
.'". . .' .~.:; .
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4 Che~k
...
your
.
answers at the bottom of th$:: pag~i
:..... : .... :. ".' / . . ,
; . ".',:

5 W~rk in pairs. Student one, do Pairwork 1; student two, do Pairwork 14.

09 qL 09 q~ o~ o£ 00
(PU!M pUO SLUJO,S10 pol3 0LII-uobo~ unr P,OM uo,\0l!'l 0ql WOJj S()Ajl0P auoou.nu) l 0
.zmb o:),xo,"I OLli OJ SJOMSLJI;f
 Exploring

. 1 Match the words with the pictures,

a. dishwasher ..• m. vac~~rri~leaner :,'
~.q\f[} player ..•...... .n."'~~hing ma~hirl~,:'.:..
. c. blender . . ....l.stereo,'

.. .:
. . ..

....... ::7
'.~ ..

12 .
..
.

.(.
2 ~ Listen and check your answers.
·3 Put the appliances into groups, as in the example. Think of a title for the
fourth group. Then explain your decisions with other students.

entertainment

4 Read the sentences and decide what it stands for.

I. It's full. I can't get any more clothes in it.
2. You can make a smoothie in it. Just use yoghurt, fruit juice and ice.
3. It has a flat screen and the picture quality. is amazing.
4. It's on too high! It's burning the bread.
S. I don't use it very much. I just use a towel,'
6. It's on too loud. The neighbors don't want to hear it at 10 o'clock at night!
7. We used it a lot when we had a carpet, but we don't need it with the wood* floors.
8: You can't put those plates in it because they'll break.Wash them by hand.

:}
':~i
S Work in pairs. Student one. do Pairwork 5; student two, do Pairwork 9.
':*

.L~", .
 ',. Exploring
Pedal Power

1 Look at the picture of the apartment and answer the questions.

In which rooms does the family use the most,~.Iec;tri~!~tinthemor!ling?Jn,the
afternoon? In the evening? At night? Which appliances use the most electricity?
;What iSitHe:c6nnection~De~een;the'people orr bicycles and the family in the picture?
•... .' '"of:: :~~:.~-:_,:" "', /'~':' ,; :'::.1 ,:'

2 Now read the text and check your answers.

3 Choose the best conclusion for the magazine article.

a. They immediately decided to stop using so much electricity in the evenings
and at night.
b. They agreed they used a lot of electricity but argued it was completely normal
for a family of five.
c. They decided they would be more careful about all the electricity they use
in the future.
In my opinion. d. They decided to throwaway their microwave and other gadgets* that-used
it, was I wasn't a so much electricity.
success because ...
4 Discuss the questions in groups.
I. Who was the author of this article? Support your answer.
2. What was the purpose of the TV show?
3. Do you think it was a success? Why I Why not?

5 Prepare a presentation about ways to reduce electricity use at home.

• Draw a simple plan of your apartment. Show where the appliances and other
electronics are.
o
• Imagine your family is participating on the TV show. When would the cyclists work the z
o
:::
hardest? Which appliances do you use in the morning. afternoon. evening and at night? :l:
u
0:
• In the future. which appliances could you use less? How can you save electricity? o

-, " ~.
 ,
, R~~di~g
a~ld.Wrlting

·f:

For about 40 ~in~tes; they were so happy:,.)

until dad washed the dishes. Although he
.. didn't lise a lot of hot water, the cyclists were
tired and in pain" after their long day.

YOur Glossary
breaks
-----
----- ----------
..

z
o
a
;::;
:r
water hearer
--
-----~-.....
u
~
o truth

.............
'"
----~--------
....
. .
. _"~ -." "

BLOCK one :;" 13

 Exploring

_'._: .• ,:. I • ___

1 Follow the instructions .
l ;., .•'1.' Read 'the i~troductio,n for each .~f the foll~';"'in~stories.and look at the pictures.
. Wha~ is happening in each one? " '....'. . .'. . .
2. Work ingroups of three. Each student readsa diffe~ent story. : '.
. 3. Tell the rest of your groupabouc your,te)(~,D<>notl~~ditagain~:') :
. 4. .Now read the other texts. Did your
.' . .... .
partne'rs remember
. .
everyth'ing? .:
.' , .,'.
:,.'..

1.. ·· .. ··-······················~·h '.' " .." ~

Your Glossary
bread rolls .

pocket _

o
headaches _ z
o
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co
~ ~~ ~ ~, : o
.,'
.
...
,','

14
 skople past {Regular Verbs)

2 Look back at the stories and underline: .;, •.'., .. "

• one example of a question in the simple pasr,': . :"
o two affirmative sentences in the simple past.
o two negative sentences int~esimple past~::
. . . -- ..-.- .. ".:' :>;.;':' .'

3 Now complete the language box. Usethe stories in J\.ctivity 1 to h~lp you. I Did-C~ns~ntin Fahlberg

r
I discover saccharine?
, -""-' -U-
Simple Past (Regular Verbs)
Did conStan~in
I Use the simple past to describe unfinished / finished past actions. Fahlberg invent
Coca-Cola?
I To make the simple past tense of regular verbs. add the letters -_
..__ .~ __ IO -_._--
the end of the verb,
:"' .. :._,:',,.::' .... ::'.' , . "1IiiAI!'!';_~".
If the. v,?rb ends in -e. add the letter - ._..__ .. _

Ma~7th~:~e~?ti~e, yJith •.•••~_'; ,.,(~ di~ Py0f ~~rb in.-the ba~e f,orm.

Mah~§~~~tiP~~' ~~th' . .'.i ," , ;: su~j~~t; f Y7:r~,i~ the base. forni' ..·
Ma}~sb()riaris..versWitl;(Ye~; I: : ·;:·;:·,i·j~:>.''/.N;;.//>·;:i ,; " r:;·
'.:":' . .. .. :- ., :.;.:'.:/ :.:.:.;.. f>··: ::", .:..:;"::::'.>;":.-:":-:-"
::::.:'/
: ::'.
: ::.:.:
r: :.,,:'.. ' ::;-
.:' .'. I" 1.:··· , .

. ... "':':"": .e ' ••:.: • :.' ••••• ' :.' ••. , .

4 Work in pairs to answer the questions using short answers. Then

read the stories again to check.
I. Did Constantin Fahlberg wash his hands after work?
2. Did Constantin's bread rolls taste sweet?
3. Did Percy Spencer accidentally cook his chocolate bar? i No, he didn't, I
4. Did Percy Spencer invent microwaves in the nineteenth century?
r,.... V-·-·-----·
5. Did John Pemberton discover a treatment for headaches?
6. Did John Pemberton work in a restaurant?

5 Write questions using the prompts. Then,work in pairs to answer

them giving as much information as ydu cc:i"nJ C , . , •

~ __ _____i~~"jJ;'

r-Oid you watch

I anything on TV
~terday?

.:,,--..
,

~.~:~;~:~~;~;:;:;,al~~~{!~rf(r~~{~~~1;,~i2)r"
...
4, you I talk to anyone by videdalatjSkyp~;:Go.dg(~,etc.}?<'
5. you I ask anyone to help yqU with your h9m,.e\'{()rk?· ..
6. you /clean up your room? ' ..'. : ~' , '
o 7. you I play any computer games?
z
o 8. you llearn any new English\ ..vords] ;
::E
l:
V
C2
c 6 Work in pairs. Student one, do Pairwork 7; student two. do Pairwork 19.

BLOCK one ;;,> 15

 .
_ '
Pro
1 ~._
Power
• ,

1 Look at the photo and write down everything you know about '.
the lighting at concerts. Then write something you would like to know
about concert lighting.·

:2 Read Diana's company profile and fill out the infor~ation c('Jrd:

',\
,,-:l ~--=:

10'0:

C,o\\e,ge. ma.':e(:

. " 1J\te,\~,7'-t5:

:$ I!J Read the lislof " .

mentioned in ttie'video~',:" c.r.. '., .••, ...
) the onesyo~.think
( ..... ... ', ,.;:...::
will be
and check your answers.

r-~--,
amplifier 0 . microphone l__
_l
audience n newspaper l_.J
computer LJ lights r-'
L._J
concert [__j
r~"";:
performer L_i
console L__J restaurant
generator
..
0
II·'
truck Q
Z
o
L_j video screen L_l ::;
:x:
u
oc
o

16
 .~
~
illl
4 191Watch the video and circle True (T) or False (F) for each statement.
I. Lucia hates rock music. T F
1-;···· 2. A concert for 20,000 people can use up to 6,000 kilowatts. T F
I" 3. Carlos gets paid for his internship. T F
I·
I' 4. A lighting engineer designs and implements lighting arrangements. T F
I- S. Conventional lights move in different directions. l' . F
~l-
1;·:::"
6. One disadvantage of this job is the constant headaches. T F

I'
_,'.
5 I!!J Watch the video agal~' and answer the questions.
I. Where does the electricity for a concert come from?
~"
2. How much energy does a big concert use?
I»
I- 3. What types of lighting are. used in a concert?

I'!' 4. How does a lighting e~gin~er control the effects and sequences of lights?

.~
~ •........
~:."
~.".
~.'

I·
'.'
,
. S>Why is lighting impo~t.tn~ i~ a concert?

. .' ,','_ ,',._

...'
. 6. What are the positive and '~~gative parts of Lucia's job?

6 Value: Solidarity. Read the definitions and follow the instructions.

.

"'1'

J
t~
i~:;
l~~:
::,;::
',.:

• Discuss the questions. Carlos is doing an internship with lucia. What are the
benefits for him and lucia? Do you have any opportunities for internships where
you study? Do you think internships are useful? Why? Why not?
• look at these tips for interns. Number them in order of importance 1-8
(I = most important).
l--] Be flexible. You may have to do things you don't like such as making copies or
getting coffee.
[J Anyone can make a mistake. If you make one, learn from ie.
Your Glossary
L_..JAlways be on time. Arriving late is disrespectful.
[] Dress professionally and don't wear casual clothes like T-shirts or old jeans. employers __ .._ ..___
i--l Learn from others in the organization and ask lots of questions.
[J Before your internship, find out as much as you can about the organization by
find out
checking its website and talking to people.
'---1
L... :Try to gain experience in more than one area of the company to make the
a most of" your internship.
z reference
o
:ar i]After the internship, ask for a reference and include it on your resume".
u
ii!
'2 • Prepare a poster to display your list of tips. Share with the class.

... ,' . BLOCK one ;.:"17

•.';'_-"':_!.~:, ... -
 CaseStudy

1 Label the electrical Items using the words In the box.

charger electrical cords hairdryer lamp li9h.tbulb I .'
I light switch· outlet plug· toaster water heater .'
./ .
.;",..._.,

:'-. 1-')
\~.J

/..--a\
\----~-~j

2 Work in pairs and make a list of all the safety problems you can think of
involving these items.

3 Compare your ideas with another pair.

4 Read the texts and choose an appropriate title for each one.

Fires~CJtHome

ll~illll!~
->:

-.$;~ f~~·yliJ ...•..

'.ri~::~bi'
:.::.•.•:·.;: ·t:.. ·..
th
..···a:,x w..·,l.·e····•..· •.•.•.
::·.
.·:·
..
•.
.•.•··:fA.··.;~r.l~ia~c0i!i
·.:.::;
o··.·:.··.·.·
.. ··
r ,,' "'C·. «i'.
Caused by
Electricity 0

nt's
Usafety
important to take
precautions with
~f!f'!~· q '?:Wh't.,es~~.w~to .

":tf~~~~~
children to protect them from
accidents with electricity.
Every day, seven children
are treated in emergency
rooms for electrical shock
or burn injuries' caused by
,.~;::::!{;~~~~~:~:~:!~:r~;:' ·
.Every year in the U,S., there are .. appliances b~fq·re·tryingto repair
around 50,000 house fires caused them and i~i~off the electricity
tampering' with a wall outlet. ..~tri~.a.,'faifure or malfu.ricti9n: .
by e.le.· ". .•. .: :..: .
.: before.charigirjg.light bulbs ..
A simple way to avoid this is Extension cords 90use about 3)00 ............•.
'l •.
,· ».
to put covers on all electrical residentio(fi;~s:~:ye~~. . . '..' : .it:

,::~'. ':<>"
outlets. Children should m·:::·····,······:······:·:··· ..···....··::··,·,········· ....•..
:~~;~ children or pets cannot reach
never play with electrical · Nowadays· . most peopl~ have
It, Keep all electrical appliances
cords, wires or switches. · . basic electrical appliances 01 home.
away from water in sinks or bathtubs
Appliances like toasters and · .' which are very usefuL However,they
nd never operate on electrical
heaters get very hot, so make can couse accidents, so we need a 'I
appliance with wet hands or whl e
sure children can't touch them to toke some safety measures. When o ~ :
standing in water. Always follow z
when they are being used. you ore not using on appliance. o
::;;
operating instructions. J:
unplug it and keep it in a place v
12
o

18
". - .- . ~
"_
 ":"."".:":

Home Safety: ..;.

5 Match the statements with the corresponding article.

o
I. A lot of house fires are caused by electrical shorts.
2. Some accidents happen when people touch appliances that are hot.
3. Sometimes people try to repair appliances that are still connected.
i,·11'
L._,_ .

["-'1
4. Before changing a light bulb, turn off its electrical source. Ll. ,';'.

5. Outlet covers can reduce accidents in some cases.' o

r--:
6. Heaters should never be used near furniture or clothes. L].

7. Never use electrical appliances when your hands are wet. [J:
8. Many fires are caused by extension cords." [].

6 Read high school teacher Sandra Jimenez's post. Underline the problem
and clrclethesctuttcn, .'.....
,.

friendsbook ... ,:
.' ..'. .:;.:': ;.,; ::::',':;'<.: . .' ';.>', ,',':::;:::''''''
... :.'.','.,'.;:.:.';.::..... .....;.,',':':'. :.:";:',>.:.:.,.:
.' ,::'/.," .. ". '.'" .,"

·····.~~nctr~jlffii~~~~!~;i~,ng·s~4¥,:~~~I1E,~t~C;(11
.. \: ..
,....
~
...
~~PII.~:n6.~~
~'/~.~:.:.:.,.... :::/
.• ':
pr0rTlot~
.... I '. ,.', /: ••.,'•.' .: . .- , . _ " ' :'.:':',<': ., :;:' . ,'.< .:...:.. ,

Sandra Jimenez's Notes

Helping Promote Safety with Electrical Appliances ···.•.Share;; .

Yesterday at 7:00 o.rn.

I justtalked to Alex. Therewg~;o fire in his home last night! Apparently. it was coused
by a damaged extension b6&(t~!r.'CkilY.a neighbo&all~d the fire department and
..........
~..~ : \i,::,,'" . :
they were oble to put out the fire.Alex and his parents are OK. but the fire destroyed
a lot of furniture and appliances, including Alex's laptop.

I am part of the safety committee ot.school and we think all of our students
must l?e aware of the potential accidents involving electrical appliances. For this
..:.';':{i'.:.~.:-:.";f:. ~."~'.- '_" _ .
purp6 .... wiI[Jlpvea semester-long campaign to promote safety 01 home and
".~ .·G:tp;paqiciPote in a contest to produce a digital project to support the
-..,.. '--;; '... ~;'.: ~: .~:.
cOrnPCligm

We hope you can show solidarity with the campaign and help others avoid' such
unfortunate accidents.

" .' ~:.

7 Work:lri g'r~uJs. follow the instructions.

o Br~instorm ide~s with your team about the content of your project.
o Search for information online to support that content.
o Select a digital format. for example a Prezi presentation, a podcast, a video, etc.,
for the contest.

8 Present your project in class. Then vote for the one that will be sent to
Find out how to evaluate
the contest •.
your Internet sources of
9 Write an e-mail to the safety committee. Describe the project you chose information:
and explain why irs a good option for the contest. h~cpJLgQ_Q"g1LO_S.R6m

BLOCK one ;;,' 19

.....
•~1~~~'
 Improving

1 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs in porentheses.r .'..
The Paro is not only atoy baby seal but also an innovative therapeutic robot.
Takanori Shibata ,_. (design) the prototype in Japan in 1993
and his company .__ (introduce) it to the public in 2004. Robots
___
. (not be) originally intended for domestic use. The first robots
____ ._._. (be) for industrial purposes and many are still used in mass
production.
The Paro (include) five kinds of sensors to respond to people
as well as its environment.The Paro __ ._ (be) successful because it
_______ . ._ (help) elderly people who .~ __ (not have) a lot of
company. Many hospitals and nursing homes " . _._ (purchase) Pare
., robots because they . (produce) a calmingeffecton patients.

.. 2 u~~ ~~d ~~~pi~t~

'ttl~:'~i~~~ p~~le~;
th~{~~os~\"Iorcl.; •..•.......
': Acro/s···.·s/. '.,! .." .
Home Appliances ..•. ,.::,:.'

~~~.··7"
""'.;_:;.
....

10. .

Down

5.

3 Unscramble the questions in your notebook. Then interview a partner.

l , your I when I mother I born I was I ?
2. did I your i.where I _live I. great-grandfather I ?.
3. last night I you I did I go to bed I what time I ?
4. today I you I anyone I did I text I ?
··5. English class I yesterday I you I did / have I ?, ..
6. your I was I best friend I born I when / ? '

20
 . ",
Language "::' .

4 Read the text below and circle the correct word for each blank.
,--" "'. _,'

I
Electrical Safety at Home

A lot of accidents happen because people don't take basic precautions ..

with electrical _. ·_1 and installations at home. Some things are common
sense. For example, you should neverleave a _"'_ 2 near water in the
bathroom. Do not overload __ "3 with too many items plugged in at once.
Remember that a turned-off ._ ....._~ is still connected to electricity until it.
is unplugged. Check __ 5for any damage. If they are worn, they can cause

I shocks, short circuits or .even start fires. Never force a 6 into an outlet

I if it doesn't fit. Always~7 a~appliance before-you unplu; it.

"
I .

r•

'. I. a. machi~e~y b. appliances . c. systems ..... d. tools

2. a. blender b.plug c. hairdryer d. dishwasher
3. a. cords b.light bulbs c. appliances d. outlets .
4. a. plug .' b.appliance c. outlet d. kettle
.S. a. heaters b. plugs c. cords d. batteries
6. a. light bulb b. radio c.cord d. plug
7. a. turn on b. turn off c. clean d.use .

5 Look at the texts. What do they say? Circle the correct answer for
each one.

a. Don't dry your hair when you use

the toaster.
. .'~.- " b. Don't leave electrical appliances
plugged in.
c. Keep appliances clean after
using them.

a. You need a clear sign for the

electric panel.
b. This electric panel can kill you.
c. Nobody should be near the panel.

a. Electricians need licenses.

b. Only qualified personnel can
do repairs.
" . ',i

c.Youneed to supervise your

All electrical work must electrician.
bo perfonned by II
licensed electrician.

BLOCK one «: 21
.. ,' . - ... ,- ~
.... ... : .:::..: .. ...,.......
Improving .Board Game

..... : I

Instructions: Use the tip of a pencil to spin a paper clip. Spin and advance the number
of spaces indicated. If you respond correctly. stay on that space. If not, go back where you
started. The first player to reach the finish wins!

You arrived tote for .

class this morning. .

Ask a question using

Did you .. .yestetday?

. .~

'aq qJSh SlU jO SWJOj Nome three home

lsod 9tdw!s o~ alj~AOS)" appliances.

Soy the simple

post of marry. FINISH":

22
 BLOCK
A Blast from the Past
1 Read the statements and match them to the events.
:,. .L This· trip ended in disaster. /-1.
.:2:~ve~y~~e ~~;vi~ed this aCcident. '---1
n
~~~J
r,

i
. J;,Jhi; j~4mey explored a new frontier.
o
. {Thi~ athlete broke a record.
o
o

•••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••• r

: ".:;
....r._~_._:;--..." . ".',;' ,

"'~ .

"",-~.
2 (.5;} Listen to a radio report. Circle True (T) or False (F) for each statement.
I. Dr. Fleming was a physicist. T F
2. He discovered penicillin by accident. T F
3. He produced a more effective form of the mold.* T F
4. Penicillin was first introduced in the 1950s. T F
5. Before penicillin, bacterial infections killed hundreds of people. T F
6. The UK was the first country to produce penicillin on a large scale. T F
7. Some microbes are resistant to antibiotics. T F
8. The use of antibiotics is unrestricted in most countries. T F

3 Work in pairs. Look at the photos below and fonow,

the instructions.
• Number them chronologically .
• Go to page I 15 and read the descriptions:
• Check your answers.
• Match the events on page I IS with each country.
• Discuss which two events you think changed the world the most.
. - /'", .

BLOCK two ." 25

 Starting Off

1 Look at the words in the box and predict what the Interview is about.

actors dramatization martians novel /..

/ panic radio science fiction toxic gas .

2~ Listen to the interview and check your prediction.

3 (,6J Listen to the interview again and choose the best option that
completes each statement.

I. On October 30. 1938. actor Orson Welles~., '

a. read parts of a mystery book on the radio.
b. read a specially written science fiction play on the radio.
c. read a dramatized version of a science fiction book on the radio.

2. Many people listened to the program because ...

a. it was a national holiday.
b. Sunday was a popular time for listeners.

,c. Ors~n
. .
W~lles was a very popular actor.
-_ "-,'_'" . ,'"

,,~;.:~

t1~~y'pe6,ple:J~c>ughtthe invasion was real because.:.

a. ikey used tb:~(-<...
~~'ieve things they heard on the radio.
'-:;':fj,';-/; .::'-:::.... ':.>' . .:
,.h. ~h~;~~~~riptions from ttl~JV show ~ere very powerful.
-:.... "J' ~'. • • •• .. 'I:~

C. t:h~rep6rts and sound effects used ,?y the actorJ w~re very realistic, .

" :

" a. martians were attacking, using new weapons and poisonous gas:
b. martian spaceships were attacking New York City.,

': c. martians were communicating with people usingspeci:al radios.

; . ......................... :

Your Glossary
holiday
------

weapons _-:--_.

!. successful
Q
Z
o
::::;.
.- - ~ ~
r
0: "
o
Ustening and Speaking ,:: ."

4 Unscramble the questions.

I. did I happen? I when I the event
2. take I did I where I place? I the event
3. sound effects? I using lied I the dramatization I who
4. the name I was I of the I novel? I what .
5. think I people I it was real? ldid I why
6. people I was real? I how many I the dramatization I believed

5 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions above. Check your answers
using the audio script on page 107.

6 Research one of the historical events online. Use these websites for help.

Atomic Bomb on Nagasaki

The Atomic Bomb

Eruption of MountVesuvius

7 Work in pairs. Describe the events you researched. Ask and answer Mount Vesuvius
questions to complete the chart.
Event:

.--- -.-
..
-- -.----~., ---------·T---I.-------
I i
Who}
----------,- What?
1'------[-------- ---------r--..------
I When? Where? I Why? I How many?

!! i

, I I 'i I
BLOCK two ;;;-27
.--.-."_ :,-_- . ~.
Starting Off Simple Past: Irreqular Verbs

1 Work in pairs. Read the e-mail and find evidence to support

the statements.
I. Dave didn't attend camp last year for health reasons. 4. He read and socialized.
2. He was at camp from July I I through 17. 5. He played soccer every day.
3. He didn't text during that time. 6. It wasn't sunny every day.

From: Dove .Jocob

Subjecl: Vacation
5enl:7/18/2013 517p,m,

Hey Chris.

Thanks for the e-mail and great 10 hear about your vocation! Sorry i did,!)·t respond sooner. I was at soccer camp end just , : .
came back yesterday,

I didn't go last year because I was injured', so it was great to be bock and see some good friends. I spent a week there and
it was a lot at fun. The only hard part was that I couldn't bring my taptop or cell phone. That was tough'! But it made me'"
concentrate on playing and I soon forgot about chatling and making calls. My brother Bob thought! wouldn't survive! (LOL)
But I did.

Every day, we had three hours of practice in the morning and played a game in the afternoon. There was a pool too, so we
swam when it was sunny. In the evening, we watched a movie or just hung out. The meals were great and I ale a ton. But I didn't
eot much junk toad because there weren't any stores around. Before bed, I read the sci-f book that I took for entertainment,
Really, it was on awesome' week!

So, you swam with dolphins! Did you have fun? Did you toke any pictures? Thai must have been amazing I

Well. I have to run, ters get tcqetner next week, I'd love to hear more about your trip. Let me know a day and time,

Toke core,

Dove

2 Complete the chart using the verbs in orange in the e-mail.

.: ,"<:.
Base Form I Si~~!_:_~~~~rm I Base Form I
I.be I (two words) __ , ,__ 6. have
2. eat I --.-.-,-.------ .. 7. make I, "
,
,
..
I
3. forget 8, spend

4. come I 9. swim I .''',

----,_,-_,------ I
I I
5. hang 110. take i
j

3 Study the examples from the e-mail. Circle the option fo complete each
statement in the language box.
1 spent a week there. I didn't go last year.
We had three hours of practice. I didn't eat much junk food,
You swam with dolphins! Did you have fun?
My brother Bob thought ... Did you take any pictures?
--------,-------_-_,-------_.
( Simpte Post: Irregular Verbs
I
i In the affirmative form, the verb changes / doesn't change for t, you, he, she, etc, In the
~
! negative form, we use the auxiliary didn't / don 'I and the bose / -ea form of the verb,
,. Wherl, we osk questions, the auxiliary goes at the end / beginning of the question. o
z
o
::;;
J:
V
a:
4 Work in pairs. Student one. do Pairwork 4; student two. do Pairwork 21. o
 · . .:" ~:.... ..

.'•.•
3 Numb~r the
, .. b~t;' .... D
g()ggl~s~.[J .hoop*
sp~rt~ words using the categories in Activity 1 .
d~at~* 0 club* D.....
0 net*.
fj~s* []
U
gl()~e*'
racket
.' D' goal
D shin guards* 0 suit,
U,0 ......... :

4 Read the article and identify the sports.where these changes ha~e ,..
taken place. .. ;, . .... .' .' ..

I.. Rackets are now made of lighter materials .. " 3. Cleats are now made of different kinds of leather.
2. Rings used to be made of wood. not metal. 4: Clothing is now water-resistant.

most sports today use

E\le9trooic scoreboards.' and
clocks. In tenl)is.umpirE)s ..
· used to mak;;; all coils IiQe;'

~~t~:i~~~h~~~~)tJ9r tt~rnJ9/ (.~ ,~~~9t;!~~??~~:~¥i~~~~~~

;od~]E~~·~~g~t~~~M~~lg~fg6:
electronic revfewsitb connrm
· whether shots are good bett~r Ih~n other materials.
or bad. Also, tennis rackets soccer balls are mode of Modem golf clups are made
used to be mode of wood, a synthetic leather cover, a of steel alloys. but originally.
but now, modern rockets polyester lining and a latex their~ain material was iron:
use graphite or carbon bladder that Inflates. In the In addition. wooden bolls
fiber, which is much lighter. post. ba~eb6i1' hii1ers'didn~t " used to be used to ~IOY
· Basketball didn't use to use use to wear bajting helmets. golf. but nowadays, they ore •
metal hoops with nets but The firsdeoffi'to use them made of rubber, which is Your Glossary
instead, wooden baskets' were the PiHsburgh Pirates in covered in thermoplastic.
with no opening. Every time 1952. Swimmers didn't use As technology conlinues goatskin _.._.. _
: a team scored. ploy hod to to have special suits, but advancing. lhe world of
stop ono the boll hod to be sports will see mony more
'. improvements in the future. inflates .._ ..__ ._.._

improvements _
5 Circle all the sports equipment words in the article.

6 Work in pairs. Student one, do Pairwork 15; student two, do Pairwork 17.

lIoql<qscq 'IUoiuS aqo~ / HoB 'SPOOA\ ja(i!! IlIoqas.oq 'spuog iuJOg I (iU!UJW!MS'sdlaLld
'.JO!ul)t SOIUOSO~I!S op JQlUAilN.I S!UUOI'5UJ.O!IHM. ove.os :SJtilMSIJ\,
• P"':llooy::>!W I. .JOO::>O$

BLOCK two :::'29

 ·' ~. :.

. . Exploring

sports? Where are they from? What do you need to

or hard to play?

3 Skim the article and match the paragraph numbers to the main idea phrases.
a. OThe number of players and the duration of games or matches.
b.OThe scoring system.
c':-1The equipment.
d.D Popularity in countries.
e.D Some historical facts.

4 Read the article and complete the table.

I Football I Rugby

Protective gear:
---'r--""'-
'
r
---- .•-...... -~----;------ I

~~;,;~~:, where the 'po"

Number of players on the
1 ~ ..__ _l__ ~_,, .._ __
!
I

..
field at one time:
. ._. ._
I
___L_. __ .. . . . .__ __ .•.•
_. _

Duration of games/matches: I . o
z
---- ..------------. ----------·----····i--·-·-·-~-~---·_n.---------..-- o
::;
Points awarded for entering i l:

~=-~~~_:~ te~~~s area: i. . _

u
a:
o

30
 ........
'and~jriting

> 'Footboll ond rugby ore

.', .'.\>";".",.;,;.;,.""",., -: ,very popular sports with.'
· t , fan~ \V()rldVlide. Rugby is
, mu~h ~ld~r than Iootboll. .
.... !, , - _._.,.,-_"_ .,'

field

·....students and alumni from

score •__ ..__,_._.~. _
·.",Englishpublicschools ....
.' i in .1845.The first football .
',';: ..

./ ....
Tv.ond th~.ir..·>·
.'ore multi-million~; i·····

'....,dollar businesses, Rugby

: is~·ta; big a businessos

"
f~otball
';':',"',: ..
because
:'_.-
it used
-- .. "_-"_' , ',

to be an amateur sport .

:.', .... :.. , .:.

"Both sports are very
.p)lysicol end exciting. '.'
, 'tJut football players .
......use. helmets .and
'. ,: </,,"",·"·"-"i'·,·-··:, .' ",".
pads.
'.:", I

" . .whereas rugby players

do not. F06t~;~,!;,C~~~t~,n?V~~E:v~D,JgL3.:g~0~.·~)XD~!~.t.~.~,~X.f)~~ts:r?X~:~ix)p~i!;J~r."

}~#gbY is ploy~9. In rnCl~~Y()Yfl!ri~~)t)qq J99i!29)J, Sg.9.t99N !t?§9.;lq e~~J?,(9.YW9m~t~')t.in

. t5~~tJ.S.;:but,ti'is,.noWiplqyedcir\;Gqnado;'Me)<icajandothetc:OL!.fltrie~\altf)Qu9hitjs"le!isb
':":',:., ...,
P8pular outside ttlE:~y..S.Allt.1ougt'),,\tj~n'tp~ popular (ls ~occ:~r, r',Jgby nos millions qt .
fpbs in England. Wales, Scotland. trelcnd. France. Australia, South Africa, New Zealand
and Argentina, .'
.'
r-
;'
:' ·:·....L:/\:: :'-,,: :'J:.;:: .:' ;:.f::{,{i: ,:" : ', /.<~;·:·::·:'.;~:)\i::: ; ';-,-
:'::::··:;·::;~·~;i~::A~~r."~~;' .' .: . Volleyball
. 4~(JGhJugQv;Jt;lam has.J~ plgyers on !h"eJI~l.g.ot one time,
=:i.:.,.::.:::;.:::, .:" :.- !..;_~::0~~:::·~:·:~·
.. ..:::>. ...~
--
.....
-~-~.. '.~j • .;.,:"; );,::/:,~ ::- :1=,' ',.... •
wlj,:OiP!qvJbe
;.;"jf~ -;:i~~.:,.;."",~~.r-'"...._..
whole game,
_-<», cc,

Fq6tl:>aIl8[9Y~li;9J§ divided into two te,qm:?--:offense and q,ef~b.~e.-and opposing teams

:.-
._,-:
..
> '-~/:'~<:-:_:..;.'i!:},::: ~:':::~;:""_"-::'-:"_ - ·<t~t:;:':'.·:"'" /\'}: " :' .1.

ploy:onIYilT'yersus ll'Zqtone time.Qffis:Jq,ly. a football gqme lasts 60 minutes. This is less ..'
tim€lthCl~:C! ~~gbY mat~h. whi~h Id~t~'80minutes. However, with time-outs and stoppages'
1::l~~@~f)prgys;gJQ~tball gameccin lost more then three hoursl .
:.::,,,,,,,-,:,:_,:_:::,,:,:;_'
__:,,:_::._,::::,::_,;:.:.":;'
;.:::.::", :,".:':"':,:::::::.:;'
<\~:~.:::>:f.)·;U,:.r,::·I;,
::;'" _". : ': .,:,:,:: I I , -r , : .: " ,,/ ... :..

?J?rlJ9,9~YOU~~Qre aJry-five points,!3§Y:,1ouching the boll down In the other teem's .:

goalore~ and t-':"o points for a succ~d~im/kick Ihrouqh the goalpo~fs· after each try. ..

~ir{fi~~f~g~~~~llliii;t~'
: Basketball

5 Write a comparison of volleyball and basketball. Follow the instructions.

I. Read about the sports on these websites.
2. Use this structure:
Paragraph I: historical facts Paragraph 3: teams and game/match duration
Paragraph 2: equipment used Paragraph 4: scoring systems (simplified)

BLOCK tV!O 31
1 Read the sentences and mark if they indicate a similarity (5) or a
difference (D).
I. 0 Baseball is as popular as football in the U.S..
2. 0 A football is less expensive than a rugby ball.
3. 0 Badminton is not as dangerous as squash.
4. 0 Basketball is as strategic as soccer.
5. [J Soccer players are less muscular than rugby players ..
6. 0 Golf is not as exciting as basketb~II:' /.;... . . .
'. ~
. .. : .:' :;'

2 Work in pairs. Follow the instructions.

. :'>:' . ".... .: ....",'".

• Look at three ways of making comparisons. ; ; ."
• Study the sentences in Activity Li" .. ' .' .. . ' .

• Discuss the questions: Which structure can be used to show that two items are
equal? Which structures can be used to show that two things are different? >

3 Rewrite these sentences using the prompts.

I. (not as...as / exhilarating*) Table tennis is quieter than bungee jumping.

2. (less / expensive) A golf ball is cheaper than a pair of skis.

3. (less / dangerous) Jogging is safer than mountain climbing.

............•...•..•..._.-._--_._---_ ...
4. (as...as I energetic) Tennis and wrestling* both require a lot of energy.
------- -~.--------.
5. (as...as I thin) Many volleyball players and marathon runners are thin.
-----_ ..... _ .._-----
6. (not as...as I popular) Cricket is more uncommon than soccer in Mexico.
-----_ ...... _._--_._-- ...

o
2:
o
::i:
J:
U
ii:
<)
Comparatives I Used to

4 Read the interview with Michael Jordan. Use the verbs below to fill in the blanks.
:/ I do ifltroduce,-, play Wo.ctice think I

~~t((~0'~~"~~iS:~~,.,ejl;~l~'i~J~~~~l~~:
0.;1!0~use a~h~I~~:10d1 to
" .....,....•..MI~H"'EL:Ph;mqstdeflni~ely.YYhen [i,vas youl)g, I used to _
UL .: > ."}/( i.. base~all, football 'and ~~sketball. I was' very el"i~rgetic and was alwaYs'::· .

.....' ,).;i".
r'a~'~~~.~ne.~:ry~.rTl~d7).h?'c~t*. ,', ' •.'..•..••
INTERVIEVvER:
YYh~t'about your final year in high school?

•.('11<:~AEL: Wh~~ Iwas a senior*, ~y coach used to ~ me to ' '.,.

. representatives from several college basketball programs. But at that
.'. time; I didn't use to S about fame or fortune. It was
all about the game, improving and winning!

5 Study the highlighted sentences and complete the language box.

Used to

We use the expression used 10 to folk about habits or states in the present / past.
tn the affirmative form, we use the expression used fa and the bose / simple post
form of the verb. In the negative form. we use the auxiliary didn'l / don 't and the
expression used 10 / use 10. When you ask a question. the auxiliary goes at the
end / beginning of the question.

6 0 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of used to and the verbs in
parentheses. Then listen and check.

Schools In Victorian England

__ -..,.----- to school because

i~~~~~~):~~;r.rc~~drd~VS ~e;~
long and ~hildreri (spend)'
eight hours in class With two hours for
-------- ? The main
lunch.What subjects (sh.Jci,Y) ." .'. . "" ,
" e~phaSiS was on reading. writing and arithmetic. Students (Ieorn)
.' .' . by reciting th.ipgS.like parrots. unllllhey could

.memorize Ih~m.l~ most ~Ia~ses. they (COpy) .

.a lot of information froITll.he blackboprd. Children (not wflfe)
. in notebooKS,)hey used slates Instead. .'
----_,.,.---- .' . ..... . students ..
Discipline was strict and leachers(!1it). •, '.'
with a cane when they misbehaved'.

7 Work in pairs. Student one, do Pairwork 11; student two, do Pairwork 24.

BLOCK two ;;; 33

 1 ;:.",: .

2 Unscramble the irregular verbs to determine the man's profession.

coem osel

rnu siwm
2 II 6

ctso I' 1 apkes

12 7 10

ktae sgni
-I 8 9

2 4 6 7 8 9 10 II 12

3 Read the activities and check (II') the ones you think this man does.
I. [J Check passports.
2.0 Stop restricted and prohibited products from entering the country.
3. 0 Provide medical assistance.
4. 0 Make sure taxes are paid on imported goods.
S. [J Help with airport security.
6. 0 Identify fake produces that are being imported.

4l!!J Watch an interview with a U.S. customs agent. Check your answers
from Activity 3.

5 Work in pairs. Match the vocabulary words with their definitions.

I. seal of authenticity a. production methods used to prevent illegal copies
2. barcode b.Iirnlted to a certain category
3. counterfeit c. black lines with digitally encoded information
A,duty free d. goods sold without any taxes. especially at airports
5. fake e. a special type of laser image
.6. hologram f. contrary to official regulations
7. illegal g. copies of objects intended to look original
8. restricted h. money paid to governments for public purposes
9. security printing i. something that is not real; not genuine
10. tax· ... j. a sticker used to prove something is original

34
' .... ~.
 The Real fv'lcC

6 f§l Watch the video again and discuss the questions.

I. What are the main responsibilities of a customs agent?
2. What is the annual value of counterfeit goods?
3. What items are commonly counterfeited?
4. How can fake products be detected?
5. What types of special training do customs agents receive?
6. Howdo customs agents detect lies?

7 Value: Freedom. Work in pairs. Read the text and discuss the questions;
. .. .,
. . .

Why do people immigrate? What challenges do you think exist for new
immigrants? What are the. advantages to immigrating? Where did immigrants
to Mexico come from?

.:
.'
8 Prepare and interview an immigrant to Mexico. Follow the instructions.
;~
• Include these questions:Where did they come from? When did they arrive? What
do they do in Mexico? What Mexican customs are new for them? What do they
like about their new country? What difficulties do they encounter?
• Record your interview with the person.
• Share with the class.

BLOCK t\Vf; ,.: 35

 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos and label them.

[J

- ..--:----.--~--
..---.~-.

2 Rank the objects Irom most 10leasl cO";';'OnIY ~O~nlerlell~d (1-5) .

.'..3 Skim the article excerpts and check your answers.

,,. ... ,
. " ., ~." m China leads the 'N.o~ldin the:
. t·,

'
Chine'~ecounterfeiting ....
,'- :: .... : .. :-: _--,.,.,-".-:
.,...:....
..

.. :..:.'.:
_:'. ....

:
..... .:

costs foreign companies an

.......
production of counterfeit " ,',I

esti~~t~d$20 billion in lost

. i ; i goods, also known.as . . ..,' "

i. /:. '~'k~ockoffs," sOIll~ of these profits annually: In China,

. count~~feiting is s~ big thai: •.•.
.

,. k~ockoffs are produced in the .'

"",,::'_'-_. ..-
officials are reluctant to control
same factories where their ",','"

:(;; a~thentic versions are made-'" it since it provides employment

" to ~iliions of wo'rkers;
- C i8St with inferior materials.

" .' ..

', '. ~..

The. most c ornmon'. t·ake or count
. er feCIt goods from most
-:.;~>y.:!:\::..::.,., L
t() ,~~~t ~re name brand clothin ....
" .t, .,.:..~:: " rf .' . :"!"., J~?tennis.' shoes,
. .
watches .'
.pc ume and cosmetics, alcohol, CDs a' ·d····D··V .. D . : . "
. . '. 11.. s, VIdeo
games, electronics, vehicle parts d _" . .
medi F ' 0 It-yourself tools and
good s are 0 ften poor qu lit .
rcrne. 'akc ~ ..
is not easy to h . a 1 y Items and it
h\;;' (. exc ang ~th em or receive . refunds ifth
People \vho Take their livin9\';;
ave any kind of problem. . ey

:::t~o~:~r~:~:x~: oc~~,:J:i~·;.;,
-.
what they sell.Thlsmeans (
businesses that makegenui?~:.< •. olice in 13 different South American countries
goodS 99n'j compete with /;,"i
the priceS charged by
individuals who manufacture.
and sellfakes,Not paY'lng
~> ':;<;;,
i

P arrested more than 600 people in a well-

planned, anti-counterfeiting operation last
night. Products worth S50 million were seized' in
more than 300 raids. Some of the goods that were
taxes means governments impounded' included counterfeit tennis shoes, toys,
have lessincome to use for satellite receivers and alcohol. Authorities reported
education. health care and ..•. that the main goal of the operation was to break up'
other important projects that this lucrative counterfeiting network, which has been
help their cilizens, proflting' from sales for many years.

36
 Counterfeit! .. ..

4 Match each title with the correct article excerpt.

I. [ ! Counterfeit Goods Hurt Government Pocket Books
2. [] China's Counterfeit Industry Booms .. .. . .
3. [J SA Officials Crack Down on Counterfeiters .
4. [J Fake Goods Mean Real Health Issues ,',:

5. [J Counterfeit Goods Lack Quality

.,:., .

5 Read the excerpts again and circle the statements True (T) or False (F).
I. Fake perfume is cheaper and has the same contents as the genuine product. T F
2. Some Chinese factories produce genuine and fake goods. T F
3. It is unlikely counterfeit products will have quality issues. T F
4. Counterfeiters pay taxes, which are used for government programs. T F
5. The South American police operation specifically targeted buyers of counterfeit products. T F

6 Work in groups; Discuss the questions.

What fake products are common in your country? Where are these goods
normally sold?Why do people buy them? What canbe done to stop their
production and sale?

7 Read the following text and follow the instructions.

• Work in groups of four. Select a secretary to write down your ideas.

• Discuss a possible solution to stop the counterfeiting of your product.
• Prepare a brief presentation based on the secretary's notes.
• Share your presentation with the class.
a • Vote on the most original solution.
a::;
(5 8 Write a short report (up to 200 words) on counterfeiting. Mention whether
<C
c your opinion about it has changed or stayed the same. Explain why.

BLOCK two ::~.37

 1 Read the sentences and circle the correct onswer, .
I. Yesterday. we __ to the stadium for the game.
a. go b. went' c. going
2. What do last weekend?
a. did you b. you c. are you
3. My favorite football team __ . win on Sunday, so I was upset ..
a. didn't b. not c. no
4. On my birthdaymy friends . me to my favorite restaurant.
a. take b. took' . c. taken
5. What timedid you to Gabriel's birthday party?
... a. weDt b. going c. go .
6. Did you the soccer game last nighdWasn't it great?
a. saw b. see c. seeing

2 Circle the correct verb form in each sentence.

I. My father used to smoke I smoked, but he quit two years ago.
2. We spent I used to spend last summer at the beach.
3. I went to I used to go to Colombia after I graduated from high school.
4. Soccer playersdidn't use to I didn't earn huge salaries like they do now .
.....5. Before Joanna started working. she used to go I went to the movies a lot.
6. My mot~.er taught me I used t? teach me how to drive when I was 15.

3 Rewrite the sentences using the prompts.

I. (not as ...as I tall) Miguel is shorter than James.
2. (less / complicated) Squash isn't as difficult as tennis.
3. (as ...as I entertaining) Dancing is fun and so is singing.
4. (less I confusing) Algebra is confusing, but calculus is even worse.
5. (not as ...as I sweet) Pears are sweet, but mangos are sweeter.
:".:
6. (as ...as I popular) Justin Bieber and Rihanna are both popular.

4 Find the simple past forms of the verbs in the word search.

v C A M E G A V E W
G H R C L M B E D
F L I K E D R S E
N A T E E D 0 W R
V s Q K D E U R A
E W L H K 0 G 0 S
-
N A F 0 U G H T E
T M P A N T E D
E S T H 0 U G H T
~i P U S H E D V 0

bring draw hang speak

climb eat invent swim
0
come erase like talk z
o
::E
cook fight paint think J:
U

cry give push write a:

0-

36
.... - ................

._.r~.:~:S,.;.
 Fill in the blanks in the chat with the words from the box.

come lett lost ploye~ sow were I

-~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~=

6 Review the texts. Identify what they say and circle the correct answer
tor each.

''',:

Joe, a.jce's CD will be at the store after Thursday.

Billy (rom Mus:ic World caRed. T~ Mw
nll) CO you ordered but Win cn~ 1K3ldif b. The music Store is ordering the CD next Thursday.
lInM Thurnrfuy. . c.joe needs to go to the store byThursday.
Can yw pick it up berore tlw..n?

a. Reduce your speed if you see a pedestrian.

b. Don't ride here. It's for pedestrians only.
c. Pedestrians should run if they see a bicyclist on the path.

a. The store closed before 10 a.m. for staff training.

b. The store opened later than normal for staff trainir.g.
c. The store closed at 10 a.rn. for staff training~

.... _- . ,',. . .. -_ -- - -- .. _- .. ~
..
two ;':"39
,,_ ,,-,- ,-

,-,-,. -_ -, _- . - .. ~" .. '

BLOCK
....................................... -, ·"-'-"".K.
Improving ..Board Game

, . .. .. .' :~.~
' :'. .' " ., .
,',
·:,::{~~fi.:·:'.:~'"
, en ~ """ ··'·:'·';";~·:d·,:":i::::··;·,::,·::'::":::::.':

~...." .','_',.t~:~
)Ii; '" 0 :2,>~
",,, •~ ~w';_,
.... :,,~~:;~;,

o
z
o
s
"
u
0:
c

40

r, ~.
 Martha Schmidt
Rom. 25. Departamento 10 I
Coloni. Con~~~~c~cgro~t~oCu.uht';moc
521 5S 35409589
martha.schmidt@email.com

Intern.tional Computer. Inc .• Quality Control Speci.list. Mb;ico ..DF

DC 10IO-Prescnt' ". ! .'

Responsible for reviling .nd upd.ting the company's website, .

The Computer Store. Customer Service Representative. Dallas. TX

february 1009-MJY 20 I0 '. .
Lcd cducationa. workshops about various sO(lwarc programs.
Helped c~stomers solve pro:blc:ms wit~ hardware and software issues.

Mlcrosofc Word. Excel, Poworf'omt.Acccsx. Mlrm.lb. Internet. Microsoft Publisher, Microsoft

Access. Mt( rosoft Outlook, QulckBoolu. among others.

. Splmsh (nmvc speaker]

.: D
:..' French (beginner)

,; ;/:/X(:=-}--INTERESTS & ACTIVITIES .

. ",'.':'.' ,..": : Member of the Society of Computer Scientivrs, Mexico City Ch3ptc:r
ASSistant Coach of Rom:l Norte "L,dy Ti,ger" Soccer Tc:-.m

........ ".. REFERENCES

Dr. Robert Baske,. Jr.
Professor or Computer Science
Texas State A&M University
Elliott H.II 107
Irving.TX.44SSS
(765) 544-(>+40
rba,kcs@tsJm.cdu
 .... • ''tIO ,~,

. B~ K

1 Look at the photos and match them to the' types ~f international food.
Chinese D' French ,LJ' .' G~~ek L.r
ltalian Mexican [J
. :".'.

! .
.,.
i
i

."''- .'

2 Read the food items and discuss which dishes they belong to in Activity 1.
avocado" curry* olives* refried beans*
cheese feta cheese" onion rice*
..hicken fish pasta tomato sauce*
cucumber" r.oodles" potatoes tortillas

3 What is your favorite international food? Why?

42
 Look at the pictures. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box. Identify
the food In each picture ..

barbecues
Greece
country
ingredient
food form
x 2 king
Germany
restouronts
I ..

Mongol warriors ate a form of this

4 during the twelfth century
CEo Back then. the main ingredient was horse
The origi~al~~.. ._ _._.... 1 of this food was or camel meat. Some say they were invented
given to people during an important ceremony by Otto Kuase in 5 in 1891.

in Europe. Its main .. . __ .;...2 is beef or Most argue that authentic ones are made of
pork, but other versions are popular too. They beef. What is it? ..' . , .
are commonly eaten at fairs, __ ~ .
and sporting events in the U.S. What is it?

Aforrn ~f~is food v.ras. eaten in anci~nt Persia, . In 3,000 BCE. people believed this food's main
, c.:' '. ., .' ;' <'. 6 and ~6~~;:rQday. it's on,e of
~ was the "grain of life."
,'the '«arid's most,popular dish,¥~.Themost ~1110US Today, it is eaten as a snack or main dish in the

.J;;:;:~~~~~;Z~~f'~~%f~Jyit -~-' ._.

'~."----'.-"'""'-'

Some statistics
9 where it's most common.
'"

say that
the U.S. sell about two billion of them each year.
What is it?
10 in

.5 Check your answers on pag~ 117~

6,~~rkin grouPs~DiSC~S~ th~'~uestions!/X'·
i' Vyhat;s yourJavorite kind ()ff~()d,? Do food stands" serve it? What are the
" advantages
.
and'disadvantages
.
',-.- ':', ....
Of street food?
_'_". . ...
Why do people like it? , ,' .. '

BLOCK ti,n.: <. 43

................ --_ ••••••••••••••••••••••••• '.~ •••• _- •• __ •••••••••••• M_ ••••
 · ... :.:
.-
.' ;.
;... -:

1·· Id~~tify
:.' :
.
the flags and label them with the country names .

F China France Germany Japan Mexico the U.S~Turkey I

' ...
.2 (.6J Listen to the conversation and check the countries that
are mentioned.

3~ Listen again and label the ingredients using the words in the box ..

bamboo shoots beef cilantro curry powder ketchup noodles I

I Nutella® pineapple pita bread pork sausage roast pork tortillas

44
Listening and Speaking

I'

4 ® Listen again and fill in the blanks.

I. Let's grab a b to eat.
2. What would you r__ ?
3. They're· really t._._ They look d __ !
4; Probably the most t street food throughout Turkey.
S. You can h crepes with ...
Your Glossary
6. It's a k__ .._. of soup made with ...
bamboo shoots _
'-H---'--~-'-"
7. I'm s.,..,. ,./

5 Work i~ pairs. Discuss the questions.

What typical dishes do food stands in your country sell? What are the main noodles _
...ingre~ie'ritstWhich food stands would you recommend where you live?
....:.: -:: , ,::"

6 Wo~l(i~. gr~~ps. Read the situation and follow the instructions. hungry
You and your friends are on vacation. Both of you are hungry but can't decide on
what to eat. Suggest some options. Use the expressions.in Activity 4;

BLOCK three ;;~.45

.0' -.- ••••••• -.- •• - •••••••••••• ', _ ••••

. ~-.

.'.""",'
Starting Off Countable and Uncountable Nouns

1 Look at the pictures and the recipe. Discuss the questions.

What is thlr~~ip~ for?'lYhat are the j~gredients?
Haveyourel(ertriedthi~punch?'pid'you li~e it?Why? ....
Why nodAre .tl1~r~
any.o.th~r tradition~1 drinks where

2· ~;;~j~n;~:7h::~~t~I;~:;1j ~'SSln~.····
tamarind water

3 Look at the r(!ciPe'~nd discuss the questions.

Which C)fdl~ ingr~die'nt!i can you buy in units? Which can you purchase by mass or
volumei.yvl)~tC)~h,er examples of these two types of food items can you think of?
...-.~ .--::..~ .. ,,~~:...,

4 St~dy the ~xample; and complete the language box.

Can (havea ch~ese sandwichand ~Il appleforlunch!
Isthere any lemonade left in the refrig~rator? ..'
Do we have any napkins? '. . ..
We need to get ,sqme eggs when w~ go ib,che stJpermark~4 ~~<. j

I would like somEl milk with my coffee; :/')Y . .... .' .. . ..... ,
: .. . .:.~;'k·::''::A~/:~:'".:'.~o.~--

.~
.:' ~ountabl~~g#~{'U~countables

We use a or an with singular countable / uncountable nouns. In affirmative

sentences with both countable and uncountable nouns, we use any / some.

To ask tor quantities, we use any / some tor both countables and uncountables.

5 Read the article and fill in the blanks with a, on, some, any or 0 .
. In Brazil.'kilo restaurants' are very popular for a quick, healthy and inexpe~~i~e' rneol.
Here's how they work. First,you grab __ bowl. plate or both and choose fro~ different
fypes of __ food, For example, you might start with __ tomato soup wifh __ bread
roll. Then, move to your main dish. For instance, maybe choose __ fish with __ ..'
potatoes and .: _ salad. A very popular optionis __ feijoada, E3razil'snotionoldish.
For dessert. you can have __ piece of cake or __ ice cream sundae. After you finish.
with your selections. take your food to be weighed. In this particular example. 500 grams
of food costs about $5. Drinks are extra. Now, dig in' and enjoy! ; t. ": .. .'

6 Work in pairs. Student one. do Pairwork 2; student two; do Pairwork 13•.

46
.,.;.~.
 Look at the following containers ,and label them ,,', ' '
using the words in the box.

a bag a bottle a box a can a carton I

I a cup a glass a jar a pack 0 tube

. --"-, -. -. ------,-----

2 Fill in the blanks with ,he apprC?f)rJ~tEt~ontainer.

I. of toothpaste 6. -'--_ of coffee
2. .of gd[Tl 7. __ -'--_;_;,_
__ of honey,
J. of tuna 8. ' .'- of soda
4. of milk 9. of potato chips
5... of cereal 10. of water-.
/.:::.:

.3 ® Listen to..the Phone~o~~ersation

"'/: '::':,l':' '.:;::
a~d checky()ur answers.

4, Wcuk in pairs. Lo()k at thf3 containflrs; Discusswhy would be surpri'sed y()u

to see any ~Oh~ll1; ',,'" . . . .' . ,"
.,:. "

CJ bag of salt a bag ot ~c:>up a bowl of milk:

a box of coffee ,0 can of tomatoes
,', '.:'

BLOCK tbYeE:;: 47
:.' ~
 1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
What is the picture of? What popular brand does it remind you of? Have you been
there? Ji<ive you tried any of its products? What other similar places can you think
of ....,b~reyou live? -- - - - - -- -.. - -
.... ,' ..... _.'
. :,-, ;/.-;: : ..

2 Rar:t~ the reasons in order of importance (1 = highest). Why do you think

coff~e shops are so successful?

3 Skim the article to determine its main idea.

---.L [JTo e)(pl~in the advantages of opening a new Starbucksv.
2. LjT~ examine the pros and cons of coffee shops. -
3. OTo show the reasons why Starbucks" issuccessful..

/.;.,

mugs _

break _

employees _

48
".-'::
Reading and \fIh'Wng

4 Scan the article and fill in the table. " ,' .. '

Yea~'ito~:~ed: --'---1---'-' -,-'I~~::;;

i;;;ketin~-
~~:~~~'so:o~~~~~~ies
---------~-+---
i
!
,,_
--r
I
r C::tomers per day:
---
-l-----'
I
i--------
Important points it jl' ,: i Percentage of revenuesl
focuses on: ," i u~ed in advertising: _

5 Write a pr()flle of your favorite cnein restaurant. Follow the Instructions,

• Choose a chain restaurant and research information about it online.
• Take nO,~esabc>utthe origin of the cornpany.the r~ason for itssuccess, why it's
financially successful and some of its outstanding" products and services.
• Plan your; profile and write a first draft. ' " , ,-" .--
• Read it again and make any changes if necessary. '
• Write a final draft.

BLOCK thr-ee ;' 49

 1 Read the story and discuss the questions. . . ..
What kind of dog did the family get? What was the family doing on Sunday when
B~rnaby go~ out? What did the dog bring back? What explanation for the roast beef
did the family have? How did they try to solve the problem? What do you think
really happened? .'

r1
g

M• y.ear.
anys.a .'0. my.. gr.o.nd..porenrs...w.e.r.el.iVi.ng.in...a small tow.' ..
, when Ihey decided 10 get a dog. Afler looking al some

• . '. '.altern~tives.'lhey chose to adopt a b~ssel hound- Bosset ': .

.'.hounds
. "....
'
ore really-. great pets. but can be a little (jiffipull to control.
.'.,' - - ,,' - : - _'_,

They named him BOr~ObY ~nc:l he wasabif~ia I~oublemaker' who t :

". :(.
used to get out and wonder around then(i)ighporhood. One Sunday,'.
.. .
','. .... ',.,' .:...... :' - ',' .:' ..... :. :. ,"

..•.~y grondm(] and grondpClwere preparing lunch and, like. normal. .'

.'••> ~~iJqbVgot()Ut.I\t:J()~t,a.n .Mur laler. he OPP€l(]r~<:lot the door V1ith,g .

. / i' ;:".,fgiIYE;9~k€ldr()ast ~eTf"~fI~r~.restlln9 with B~rn~by for a couple ?(' .;'.

,..Si'] :lfj~~~!X[~~~W~R2r~~$~ti~m~f";J:~¥jt~tl~;U
"
4~B];.,.~~r~~.,;.~.;;.~~.[f;:.;:~:!~:~ll.~~),~~~~I~~1
............/S .. .I·h·'·
(
" OW .• Itsomeunsusp~c
ti f 'I ." 'I' f' th . d'" f'I"
H)g arnl. y was y.QI)r19 or elfwon .er u. :,;<::,
•• ,:ii····

.....
!,t~;i;fj!~~~\~~~~~~~~~~tJ~w -';"',"Barnaby continued/to 'go'oLit on his rebeliidOs walks, ForfunateiY for the
..........
i.: i','.');'/<"'.).§;t>:;:t:. i ) •••..•••.....•
i:i .;::.:;V'ii,j:)Y;}/ii':"··· •..•.··.. i···.·· ••.....•.•/". Y:;'/i 'ii',;:
~;i?.i . "., ri ;
.::.•..•.\i.' :'i.:. :.1').9'!9h!:lqr~.he P€ll{e( cqQ)El pack. with aoy rcos! beef. ago II') !
. .. . '~:'.'::'.:.:'/::.:,.:.::; .....•..:,:.,;'.': ..:.!.',;,,..,'.'.t;.:';:,'~;.~;.:.:.;.;,
'.~ ..'.~: ,.:.:.::::.::.~.:.:: :;.> ..
•..:.::,.::.::: >.... '. ..' • '.' . ,": .', . "'.' ,., •. :.... '.' :.;:;c,;;; . "i . . .. '
.. ·"; .':.:;-:t:'·;'.;'X . ···"':i<:~D::':./· .. ';".'::,./
....... "
.'.:.",:.

2 St~dY th~ ~xamplesof th~.'pa~tc~n'in~~~$~n~ ~ompleteth~; '.:.'.

~~~~b~' .. , .... , .. ' .
•:.•,;:'0~;t"Jerelheydo\r19"'" .
, .•.•.
~b~~d99.~q~;:9·ut?': ....
/1,'11,

;:.'i' ,~~,r~~yb?<(jYJC)?king'fpr .... the

t~~, r:nissing roost beer? ; '?)i< .
.:' ,~.
:." / .
"'-' i '/'"
. .-;/.,:::.:.;
:/;,::.::
..t I:

. Th;y we~(3living in a ~r.noILtown

.·'1.tiliin they de6idE:d 19~~h{d()g_

.--.---. T"-, _----.-.---,'-'-'-. ---

: .:'.':. The Past Continu~~~

",·,'::1: ;'

We

50

,.'",,"-'
 .. .. ..... / : ....
Past Continuous>

3 Look at the pictures and write what the people were or weren't doing,
yesterday at 2 p.m. '·'

ploy the guitar

4 Fill in the blanks with a suitable ending using the simple past or the past
continuous. · '" ' ,
pets __ "_ ...."",_._~_"._,,._
I. Last Saturday, I woke up early and __",_ .,_~ ..,__..,'
,
2. My sister was sleeping last night when I ,~__.._,."_"'... "......_."~"_.,
3. Two years ago, 1_", .. .., ", ,. wrestling ",',,,._.."""_ ......
4. My friend was talking on his cell phone when he .., "._,._.
5. When he walked in, Brian ,'_._"' "' . ,,
neighbors ..'''_.."_. __ '''' ,,
6. When I arrived home. everyone ..,_,__ ._..."._._. ...:_",.

5 Work In pairs. Student one, do Pairwork 16; student two, do Pairwork 18.

BLOCK tht"ee;" 51
 1 Look at the photos of the bottles of water. Why do

2 I~IWatch the video and check your answers.

3 Iii! Watch again and circle True (T) or False (F) for each statement.
I. Time can affect a market price. T F
2. Supply and demand shape the way prices behave. T F :1,

3. Competition is a battle between customers. T F

4. Businesses raise their prices under price competition. T F
5. An example of a fixed cost is salaries. T F
0
z
6. A variable cost is the rent paid by a business. T F 0
:;
7. Non-price competition is about aspects surrounding* a product. T F x
u
a:
8. The price of agricultural products is affected by climate and geography. T" F 0

52
 .... ,..... ,...

.... ,
" .
4 Ma~chthe vocabulary words to the definitions.

I. competition a. Businesses lower their prices to attract

customers.
2. fixed costs b. The prevailing* price for a particular
good in the market.
3. supply c. The number of products offered at a
particular time.
4. market price. d. The costs that vary based on business
needs.
5. variable costs e. The number of products consumers
will buy at a certain time and price.
6. demand f. A struggle between two or more
businesses to win customer preference.
7. price competition g. A business image strategy used to
attract customers.
8. non-price competition h. Constant costs over a period of time
regardless of sales volume.

Your Glossary
5 Value: Justice. Work in pairs. Follow the instructions.
grocery stores __ _.__
• Choose a food or beverage item that is common where you live.
• Research and find out the price of that item in supermarkets, grocery stores.
convenience stores, markets. street markets, etc. convenience stores
• Discuss the questions: Did you notice any variations in price? Where was it
more expensive? Where was it cheaper? What would the producer of the most
C>
Z
o expensive product have to do to compete fairly? Have more advertising? Better street markets _
::;:
o presentation? Better customer service?
'e" • Prepare a digital presentation based on your research and ideas.

BLOCK three ;~:.53

 1 Work in pairs. Look at the photos and discuss the question.
What does _,','.
: ,,'.
the food in each group
- "_' .,,',:
have in common!
. _-,:- :' . .' -". .' .:

.~
Look at the logo for the Slow Food® movement.
Discuss the questlens, ..
What animal is in the logo? What idea does the
animal convey? How would you define "slow food"?
What do you think the Slow Food® movement
promotes?
..
Slow Food'
3 Skim the article to check your answers for
Activity 2.

4 Read the article again and circle True (T) or

False (F) for each statement.
I. Carlo Petrini founded Slow Food" due to the
popularity of fast-food restaurants. T F
2. The Slow Food® movement believes in having
time to eat and live. T F
3. Carlo Petrini was born in Bra, Italy in 1948. T F
4. Traditionally, Italians use meal times to socialize
and enjoy food. T F
5. The movement's vision promotes healthy and
environmentally friendly food. T F
6. One of the movement's aims is to provide food
0
at reasonable prices. T F z
0
::E
7. The movement supports the production of··. :::
\J
0::
genetically modified crops. .:. T F 0

.._.:.... ,..
54
'.-.~ "-'-'~." "~.' _. . _ ,~.-.--~ ~.. :., ".: ,:- - :..-.~:.-..:-.~~.,.:-:.-::...
: Food for Thought

,I,"

he Slow Food'; movement was a reaction to the' ."

T
. g~o'.0l) and success of fast food and fast living
thrq~ghout·
beli~v~ this'bbffle begins w!th.taking time
me wond. Followers of the movement"
to enjoy good, .. "
••..
'
.

...•.•healthy
• ,,"
foOd, The snail
"' __ '_'-:.:' ;.;:.",:
was chosen as the symbol,for the
:.-, ••• ::'.'".': 1- .: '_':' ,',,',' I _- ,"
.
movement since the c:~ea~ure.c:rawls slowly qnd eats '.
.c~lmIY.ltis also th~ 6'l.lli~~~
~pe~iO!lY in theUa!ian city of
Br~ wh~r~ SI(l0 F.89Cf~·~~~foundeci in 1986 by Carlo Petrini.
""tiowqsi:)o(n'ihefe if) 1949. He has writterpnany articles
" ;atx>~tfb~d cigd!~ig~since 1979. His hometown is located in .
:":~/':,'::.·ci·~:··6·~~~--·thci{-i~;-'f~-ri10US·.·fOi
:: :- .:-::.~:-I :.~_
...: :",:::; :' .::
its wine.
-: ~:;..:: .:.:.:'_
:' '_
/.. ' ". : ::' ',.'. '_':. •. -,'
cheese, white. truffles and"
- • _,' .' .• . :" .. ,". : . : :

J; ~t)~et E9ti9g~ il:Xlt~ly hP~trCjditionally. been qbout. socializil19 ..

asweliasenjoying del!9iqus food. With the rise ' of fast food,
.:P~irini wo~ worried
.
;Ot)~,ut'the
.
reduction in the ~v~ral!
..
-
~qu~iity
. -
of things' people
.. ,
were
eating and the inc!ustrialization of the food supply and wonted to recover traditional
ways of growir9, preparing and eating fooo. Today, the Slow Foodt> movement exists
in 153 countries.and has over 100,000 members .:

The movement's vision is: .

.~, . .

Weenvision' a world in which all people CQ(1 access and enjoy food that is good for'
them. good for those who grow it and qood Io: the planet.
("NNJ.S!owtcod.com/iflternoliOClol/2/our·phiiosophy) Your Glossary
crawls ----_ .•....__ .._--
Its philosophy is based on three important points: ' ..

1. Food should be fresh end tasty ond based on local production. tasty .

2. Food shoutd be grown or raised and eaten in ways that do not damage' IhE9
environment, animals or our health.
fair
-------
3. Food prices should be reasonable and conditions for small food producers --_ _._-----
....•
should be fair, .. . . ............................. :

In addition. Slow Food"> supports the ideo of organic agriculture and promotes
Slow Food
methods that have low environmental impact and forming tecrmiques that avoid
the use of pesticides. Finally, the movement is against the commercial planting of
genetically modified crops.

5 Work in groups, Discuss the questions.

;'hiCh homemade dishes are common in your country? What is your favar'ite
h o;e-~ooked meal? How has fast food affected traditional cooking and eating
a Its In your country?

6 PI~~u~ea vjd~o to promote Slow Food® in your country. Follow the Slow Food in Mexico
gUidelines. . . .'
• Choose your favorite homemade dish,
• Include the dish's recipe.
• Share images of the dish.
• Provide an estimated budget for the dish .
• Explain how your homemade dish
• Includ'
Within the Slow F de
.. . 00 movement.
fits
e a promotIonal phrase for your dish and the Slow F d'!')
.' .00 ' movement ..

BLOc:K three ;:~'55

1 Read.tile text (Jnci. circle the correct option for
each blank.
Cele.~r:ity chefs are now common on many .
TV p'~~grams, One of the most famous is Jamie .'
Oli~~~~He.r_:._.._ in i975 and 2 working in the·'
restaurant industry as a pastry chef in London.
In 1997;'hel . his fi~stTV show for the BBC.· .

Whil~ h~/(;:.i: on theshow, he published his first"

cookbook. He also 5 .. a program called Fiftee~" .
to t~~in.15 ~dol.esc~~~'i~om underprivileged areas'"
in the.restaurant business. When he 6 school
child~~~ 7..:. J
~~h~althy food, he 8 - - a campaign'
to improve meals in British schools. He 9 _----.::_'riew '
options like salads, pasta and fruit, but many children
still 10_ potato chips and candy.
I. a. born b. was born c. being born
2. a. starr b. was starting c. started
3. a. made b. making c. make
4. a. was working b. work c. worked
5. a. creating b. created c.create
6. a. realize b. realized c. was realizing
7. a. eating b. were eating c.ate
8. a. start b. was starting c. started
9. a. introduced b. introduce c. was introducing
10. a, bought b.buy c. was buying

2 Read the conversation and fill in the blanks with the correct word from
the box.

I bags block bottles boxes cans jars kilo pints I

RON: Hi Tom. Don't forget we're organizing dinner this evening.
TOM; Oh, don't worry. I have a couple of .._........... .__of potato chips, three
__ ..._....
~....~.. ._ of cranberry juice and a few ,"_. ~_. __ of tuna.
RON: Hmm.1 think we need to get some more food.Why don't we make some
pasta too?
TOM: Great idea. What do we need?
RON: Three __ . ._ _ of spaghetti, a couple of __ _ __.. .. of tomato
sauce and a half .__ ._ of ground beef.
TOM: Great, And I think I have a ... _.._.of Parmesan cheese.
RON: Perfect! And most importantly, I'll get a couple of _ of ice cream
for dessert!

a
z
o
::E
:t:
~
a:
o
3 Fill in the blanks using the past continuous of the verbs in parentheses.

A: hat (go) on up
there, Matt?
.: B: Uh ... 1 (do) my
,:;.' ::::-.homework, mom. : -; ~".,
.... ;.:

D.

They. (not pay) attention The toilet paper ~ (try)

co where they (go), to run away!
They (text).

4 Look at the texts. What do they say? Circle the correct answer for
each one.

a. She broke the coffeemaker and is

going to buy another one.
b. She was using the coffeemaker and it
didn't work.
c. She broke the coffeemaker and will
buy a new one immediately.

a. You have to eat the yoghurt cold on

August 9,2014.
b. The yoghurt needs to be eaten after
August 9,2014.
c. Keep the yoghurt cold and eat it
before August 8, 2014.

a. The restaurant charges customers to

park their cars.
b. You can buy a car on Baker Street.
c. The restaurant offers customers free
parking nearby.

BLOCK three ::1' 57

.. ," ," ,-' _' ,.~,.._" -_" .. .. -
" ..- - - _- ~"".'~ ..- ..
,"
Improving Board Game

... ..
-
,

...

58
 .'".Eat at least five portions of variety of fruits and vegetables each
, " "day. They are good sources of.vitaminsand mineralsyour body needs. Fresh •
• frozen, dried and juiced fruit and vegetables are all excellent options.

Replace food that is high in fat or sugar with healthier snack choices.
, Pies. processed meats. cookies and chips are high in saturated fat. Cakes.
, pastries. candy and chocolate have lots of sugar. Both groups are unhealthy.

Make sure you drink enough fluids. Drink six to eight glasses of healthy
, fluids each day.y.,tater and unsweetened fruit juices are great choices.

I can talk about prices using economic terms .

. .:~'" :.' ..
. .,'.> .. " .. " ".:; .." , I. ...

I can produce a video to promote home-cooked

food.
BLOCK Shopping Spree
Look at the ph:t~re and match thebuilding names
the ........
'''.'....7

a.D bakery
b. [J barbershop f.O produce market"
c.O butcher shop g. [J shoe repair shop
d.n florist h.l~l stationery store

2 Complete the vocabulary boxes for each establishment. Write at least

three items.

Your Glossary

establishments ~~_

butcher shop ...~. __

o
z
o
::!:
l:
V
ii!
o

60
'; .,

•.\.~t..,..?
3 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
What other types of establishments are there
where you live? Why are some of them going out of
business? VVhat other options are replacing them?

4 Go to page 119 and complete the chart.

- ---- -.- - 1" - j" .. . --T .. ·- ---·· ---·-· .. - .. ···-··· T'" ·..-·-T- - ..------
11

! Floor i Score i Floor ! .. Store

I Number
--- ..- .....----- ...--.....
-: - .......
-..·- ..~--·- ..- ....-·.."t-..·-- ..·-·--..-..--..-·--- ..
.
1 Number!
~ t
--r·-~.···--·-l·
..
I Number!
~ <
Number
--"---'' -
bookstore i i florist . I
••~'~--- ••••••
~*'.•.
'-'.......
'~...." ....
,
"'.M'-'------i--·-·-~~·- ....
·...,.·...
i
·"--t-··~ . ~...~'~'''~'m~'·
i
.. ·~'T'..···'· _.. - -- -----------.-.,." ...-.~"- ... ~ ...n ... r-n--··'....
7- .......
!
'''''''-''~''!'~---··-·

fIr
I I jeweler" i !

~o'~ng:,:~~=~~::-l-=t~~~~'~
_J==
cell phone store,

coffee shop I pet store

i
.•.... - -..-.~.---.-,-.-.. . ,~.~- ..-.---.. ..--.--.---
, ,,- ....................•

computer store!
__ _ _ _._.._
!
_ _ .._._, _ .._._ .._..__L·-- ·-·- ·..·..-·1..·
I shoe store
--·-·-·-··-··· ·-··.-.-- ..·.1. _ } -- --- .
department store I sporting goods store i

..............................................................
······ ··..· ·-·-: ..-· ..·· ·..·..·······-·1..··..·..··..· - ~-- ..
dry cleaner" I toy store
....
- ...
----- ......
----j--.-
i ........
-.-.
1I .... .._~ .. -----i

electronics store i I! travel agency

................................ '- c .

5 Work in pairs. Label the items and write the

store numbers where each is found .
............
)

~D 0

,0:: n
,-, [J

BLOCK foul' ;:.. 61

 1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
Do you like going to malls? Why? Why not? How often d~ ~~~go to malls? What
activities do you there? What stores do you like to visit there? Which ones are
most popular among teenagers? ' ; ..... .'.

2 ® Listen to the interviews and circle True (T) or False (F) for each
statement.
I. Craig thinks shopping at malls is very convenient. T F
2. Kelly always goes to the mall with her mom. T F
3, Molly buys her clothes and food at the mall. T F
4. Daniel doesn't enjoy going to ~alls. ...... . .' ..T F

3~ Listen to the interviews again and write C (Craig), .~: (K~"Y),M(Molly)

or D (Daniel) for each statement. . .
I. r-ll usually buy clothes. shoes, makeup* and accessories there.
2. L 11 sometimes go to superstores because they sell lots?f t.~ings ..and they're .....
pretty* cheap.
3. 0 I don't really like shopping or malls.
4. [J Sometimes if my mom comes with me. I ask her to buy some things, for me.
5. [] Since 1 usually don't have a lot of money, I often just hang out" in the mall or
maybe have some coffee with friends.
6. 0 I do most of my shopping in malls because I can find a!,most everything there.
7. OWhen I visit them, I usually go to a mall just to look around, but sometimes
we go to the movies,
8.0 '{andwhen (go to a shopping mall. I usually buy some 'l-shlrts, jeans and
maybe i rock magazine. ., .....
".'." . .' .

.........

Your Glossary

malls _.____.__ __

convenient .....

accessories

62
4 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.
Which teenager is most like you in terms of shopping habits? Why?

5 Discuss your shopping habits. Use the phrases in your conversation.

Check off the phrases after using them.

lD~youI;k;~;;-;;;~h-~~~i~~?j,
l '-' '_,_,_"
-r-:,-, j

> Y~s;1 do.li.Jsuo]ly go

I. I usually go to malls because __, .

2. The thingsldon't buy in malls are _", ,__.
3. The kinds of things I normally buy are .
4. My favorite place to go shopping is _ because
5. The thing I hate about shopping is _
6. If I don't have any money,I because_~".,
Starting Off Present Perfect (I )

1 Read the statements and label the photos Craig. Kelly. Molly or Daniel.

Have you ever mel anyone

famous?
No, my brother hasn't decided
experiences in malls. where to buy his new guitar.
Hos Harry ever been to the
new mall?

No, unlike* me, she hasn't

shopped there yet. movies a couple of times.

',.- _-" - ....-,:::-..,:.:-:.:. . .-_-,' .:- . :

2 Study the ~~eech bubbles and follow the instructions.

;. Look at the verbs in purple.What form are they in?What is

. their base form?Check your answerson page 112.
. . Did you find all the verbs? How can you explain the other
three? What conclusion can you draw?

• Look at the verbs in blue. How does this verb change with
different pronouns? In questions?

• Complete the formulas:

Present Perfect

subject + _ (+ not) + . + complement

(Wh- word) + + subject + + complement + ?

3 ® Fill in the blanks with the present perfect of the verbs in parentheses.
Then listen and check.
I. you ever (try) that new Indian restaurant on Main Street?
2. I (work) there as a manager for about three weeks.
3. you (enjoy) your experience being the boss?
4. Well, let's say that it (be) an interesting experience.
S. We (receive) some really good comments about the food.
6. I love Indian food and I (not find) a good one in the city.
7. 1 (look) long and hard*.
8. I (eat) at some-let's say-not so great establishments .

..4 Work in pairs. Student one. do Pairwork 6; student two. do Pairwork 12.

64

I '~_':t/i;,""
 Object Pronouns

1 Read the post and discuss the questions. friendsbook

What's the purpose of Ximena's post? How does
she feel about the new travel agency? What's her ..'
impression of the vacation package she boughti
Ximena Aguirre
2 Read the text and circle the correct option for· .
each statement. I Thanks to my friend lorena Juarez for recommending
I. In line 7, her refers to the new trovel agency at the mall. This has to be the
a. Ximena b. Tere c. Andrea best vacation ever! We go! the Puerto Rico vacation
2. In line 9, them refers to package and it has been a dream come true. My sister

a. the horses. b. the cousins c. the instructors 5 Tere and my cousins Andrea and Carlos are here with
"';'/
....
,'.'
.'/.' me too. Tere wants to go sailing. so the instructors are
3. In line 10. him refers t.6,/ showing her how to soil a boat withoy! sinking' it! My
a.Andrea b. the i~struct~~ ic'. Carlos
cousins want to learn horseback riding. An instructor is
4. In line II, me refers giving them classes every day. Carlos wants to do show
a. Ximena b. Carlos c.Tere 10 jumping' too. so the instructor is teaching him how.
;.:

S. In line 12, us refers to .... Some dangerous stuff! The tennis cooch is helping me
a lot with my game. Everyone is really nice to us here.
: a~Ximena and her relatives ::;.
Mike Robles. I told you it was going to be fun!
• b. Ximena and Mike.
c. Xlrnena and Lorena Share

6. I~line 13.You refersCt~

a. Lorena ; ~. Carlos c.Mike

3 Fill in the chart; ThenichQ9Se

. .. .. ..
the
.... ;: :/"
-',.,
..options to complete
,",."' ,, ,-'.,'---' ..
the language box •

Object
Subject Pronouns
Pronouns

~ (sing. and pI.) I you

Object Pronouns

The pronouns me. you. him. her. it. us.

, you andtl)em~r~SUbjectsl objects

he :
she I saw Jimmy 01school.
:/':'~~~~~:t~1c*J~~:e6~:::;I:~:~~~:S
!.: it it I listen to music every day.
.:
·-1--·-- ....;rthing~ thatco~e: affer ../ before a

_ ........
-._-- =t=-..----
we -_ ....
·..
;
'---'. .\/ ":'::"",'.'

.'verb oJ preposlfion.: -,'.

they
-- ---

4~ Fill in the blanks with object prcnouns.jhen listen and check your
answers.
I. Hey! I'm talking to _ .._.._......_. but you aren't paying attention.
2. Sarah's mom didn't let go to the p~rty.
3.·1 told __. .._ the movie was bad. but youn~ver listento.me -..
4.Theo's dad woke ... _... up at 5:30 this-morning ..• · ' ... '..
5. Our grandmother really likes being with . .". ."

6. My cousins' instructor taught a new work~ut'~ routine, ..;" ....

7. My computer isn't working. I need to take ., .._. . ~o the repair shop.
8. I want all of you to listen to ._.__ . ':. > ' ....

5 Work in pairs. Student one, do Pairwork 20; student two, do Pairwork 23.

BLOCK four .« 65
. " : ..

:', ,.',:

1..Work in groups. Follow the instructions.

• Look at your belongings and things in the classroom, .
• Identify where the items were made .
• Report your findings to the rest of the class.

:2 Skim tite text~and choose their common theme from the list.
,'-1
I. l._J How many products are manufactured in China?
r+: .
2. l._J The world's largest exporting nations.
3. []Where products we buy are manufactured.

ometimes it seems everything .:

S is made in China, and actually

a lot of things arc! The Chinese ,....
economy has grown so much that It
is now the second biggest economy
in the world after the United Slates.
However, it is the world's largest
exporter. Chinese exports' are
now worth $1.9 trillion a year,
China's ;n~in exports are electrical
machinery·,data processing
equipment, clothing, texti\~S, iron',
steel' and optical and medical
. •.
eqtllpment. ' ma as1 0 produces
COh' ...
70% of the world's toys.

"'.,' ."

Y
OU might not think of •
India as a top movie
producer. But think
again, The Indian movie
industry, based in Mumbai,
has now overtaken HoHywOOd.
as the world's !)iggest film
producer. IneJiacurrently makes
840 BollywQOd' movies every
Your Glossary yeor compared to 300 mecJe in
southern California. Indian movie
belongings
stars have become famous In
Indion communities IhrOllghout
overtaken the world. The Oscar-Winning
film Siumdog Millionaire was very
similar 10a BOliywOOdmovie \Vilh.· .
leading __ .~.__ ._ ___.__._,,-._
its herC?es:songs and donees .

' .. ',.

. ········· ..····h·
;',

3 Read the texts again allc;l identify what these figures represent,

170% $1.9 trillion 840 $0.22 9.7 million $4.9 billion I

4 Work in pairs. Prepare a profile for a new small business product. Read the
situation and follow the instructions.

You ~nd your partnerare going to start a new small business. You want
to export
~'.-
"
a product made where you live. Choose one item and prepare
a product profile of it,to start your small ousiness .....'

• Select a product with these export requirements: quality, price and cultural value.
• Write a half-page description that includes information to convince others that
your product can be exported,
• Check your profile for spelling and grammar errors.
• Post it on a bulletin board. .
• Read the different profiles and vote for the idea t~at is: the best; the most original;
the most plausible; and the most potentially profltable.

BLOCK four' ~~~.

67
................................. - .
 1 ® Listen and check the images that are described in the conversation.

. ..~
*
:.-~

68
 2~ Listen to the conversction again and fill in the blanks.

NOAH: Mario! Man, it's great to see you again! It .._ ..... 1 been ages!

MARIO:Noah! How are you? 1 .__~._2 seen you since-what, when-

graduation day!
NOAH: When was that? July of 200S?
MARIO:Exactly! Way too long! Hey, do you have time to grab a bite to eat and
______ ? up~?Ii ..

NOAH: Sure. Let's go. . ,": .' .

MARIO:Just perfect! The ser~i~~ is so slow today. We've been here for 20 minutes
and the waiter stilli ,., .~taken our order.
NOAH: Don't \\lorry, man.I'm ~ot in·;-=:·-·:-" . 5. Tell me, have you heard any
newifr.9rn our old classmates since we graduated?
MARIO:No, not really. I've communicated with some of them via Facebook, but most
of them have been too 6 to get together. Like Christy, for
. example.
NOAH: Christy. Stevens! From our science class?
a
MARIO:Yep, that's the one. She's basically workaholic", She hasn't had a vacation
since 2004:"':_back when she was doing her . .. .. _ 7 at the

pharmaceutical lab.
.....
Now
"
she basically runs the place*.Wow. It's hard to
believe. Sh.e has worked there, almost non-stop, for almost ten years!
NOAH: Now that's what I callworking hard! Maybe a little excessive though. And
what ab{)ut you, Mario? You always traveled a lot back in school. Have you
gone on any interesting vacations since I saw you last?
MARIO:Well, I've . ..__8 to Bermuda.Australia and Europe.
NOAH: No way! That's awesome. Those must have been great ._. .__.._9_ and
they must have cost a fortune!
MARIO:[laughs] The truth is, I used Google Earth on my computer. They were .'.
______ 10 trips.You wouldn't believe the things you can .._

3 Study the highlighted phrases in the conversation. Discuss the questions.

When do we use for? When do we use since.? .
/ ... ' .

4 Choose the correct option to complete the language box.

For and Since

We use for / since to tolk about o length of time. II answers the question: how long?

We use for / since to express the beginning of a time period. It answers the question:
when did it start?

5 Match the sentences to the endings.

':.'~hieell1~~t~{.'
.. :.:': .

:":. I've been in this English class for ...

I've been in this English class since ...

o
z
o
::E
?MiA21.~h~.~L~~~E~iU
.s, ..,'7,a.rn:.i. just a couple of weeks .

:r
u
a;
(I 6 Work in pairs. Student one, do Pairwork 8; student two, do Pairwork 22.

BLOCK four « - 69
................. ,.. ' .
..... .
 1 Label the different forms of payment. Then discuss the questlens;"
What advantages and disadvantages does each form of payment have? What form
do you prefer? Which is the most practical? Which is the safest? Explain why.

I card (debit or credit) cash check online payment I

:.l

__ .._--_._._._._-._-_
.. __ ._-_ _ •..•....•..•............... _ _. __ _._ _-
.. .. ---

tm

PayPa/ '.,'
.:.
,..:
:::;~
,',:,

:',/ :!i
--_ .._ •.._ _ _ _ ....••.............. _. __ .. _-_._-_._ .. _--_ _-_ _._-_.. _ ...•.•.. ','/

2 [p.JRead the following sentences and predict what the video is about.
Then watch the video and confirm your onswer, .....
',- _",: ::- :.:.~i<:~0!r,:"
. .,':. " .; . . " .

. c.:r6~~ out all unnecessary things

~nd JUS~J~a,vethe expenses that
.'are ~()nStantahari~cess~f~"/'<.'}
. .eachianc.f every month: ..' .•........
.;~~.-!.:~.,'
(.
' "

:.:,.:,:
?f.~='" ··,.~·..:i~:;·:.·i
«. .-~,::::~;::.'
.....~..
.~~ ..~_;: :;',
:,::::'f;/:~:.-:.:.;::
Do act.ivi.~i~~
.-:tha_;:~9:~in~:~·:
cost" ~::.~:~'.
":~-:-

The difference will show your

., ~n~hing~tall.likeg~r~gto't~:e·' .
p~rk.a!m4seum,afree·concert.or
current financial situation-
,T~st~Ikirg around ~own~QW~;"

3~ Watch the first part of the video and match the words with their
definitions.
a. money that you earn from a job or any
I. budget
other activity
2. expenses b. everything that you buy and pay for
in a certain time period
3. fixed costs c. money that remains after all your expenses
are covered
4. income o
d. to plan your expenses and administer z
o
::E
5. net income your income r
v
0:
e. expenses that are constant and necessary o

70
....... _- ..
Every Penny Counts!

4 t§1 Watch the video again and take

notes to complete the summary.
Budget Plan

5 Work in pairs. Follow the instructions. Step 1. Know

• Read the situation and calculate the

-------------------
Step 2. Cross out
expenses. Step 3. Calculate
-----------------
Step 4. Subtract -------------

Sam Garcia has a monthly income

Recommendations
of S300.After reviewing his expenses,
1.Keep
he came up with the following ------- 3. Find things
2. Don't go ---,.---,.---,. _ 4. Find ways
categories and their percentages: .. -------
clothes 30%, food and snacks 23%,....
celi phone 14%, transportation lO~" ,;' ..'
gym 10%, movies 8% andcpps ~%:.

• Calculate Sam's net income.

• Propose ways to improve his monthly budget by cutting down on" expenses,
generating more income and/or saving money.
o Discuss the questions. How does Sam's experience help you? What is something
important that you learned from this activity?

6 Value: Respect. Work in groups. Follow the instructions.

• Identify the jobs in the photos.

See how other teens use

their Income.

• Discuss these questions.Would you consider any of these jobs as anaption to

improve your income? Why? Why not? How important are these jobs in our
everyday lives? How can you show respect toward the people who perform.
these jobs? .:

!~LOCl< 71
 1 Look at this company logo and discuss the questions.
What company is it? What does it do? How does it operate? Have you ever used
its services? If so, what did you buy? Why did you choose to use it?

2 ® Listen to the interview and circle True (T) or False (F) for each statement.
I. The Internet has had little to no effect on today's economy. T F
2. Jeff Bezos started Amazon in the late 19905. T F
3. Amazon's computer programs are complex. T F
4. Some businesses have disappeared because of online shopping. T F
5. One powerful selling point of online shopping is buying from home. T F
6. Another selling point is that items are sold tax-free". T F

3~ Listen to the interview again and correct ten discrepancies with

the audio. ',:
.,')
,.
",

Jeff sez~s re<Jlizedseveral really i~~p~rt(;~t ihin~~ ~'b'~jlh~lnterneL First.it

eliminated preference in shopping end '()lIowed customers to look at c.wide variety
of books online. Secondly. Sews recognized that t~~ Internet could b~us~~i to

".,',',,',". i yr,#flx,t?~ir~LlYing8el9i lSi :

?,g!?YI8~,~1?~S,7e';"'.
;':

:'1

':i
'.)

Your Glossary

little,

complex _._ . ...____,

..__,...

selling point .,, .

72
.... ,..,
Getting Down to Business

4 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.

What things do you and your family purchase online that you used to buy in
stores? What are the advantages of online shopping for you? What things would
you normally not buy online? What are some possible effects of online shopping on
traditional stores where you live? Do you think books will be replaced by digital
versions that you can buy online]. . , .:

5 Work in groups. Prepare an advertisement for your small Learn more about.
business project. Follow the instructions. effective online sales:.

Your gr~up has dE!cide(j to sl?rl a small business using one of ~he
.'-.,..' .' . , 67' You think that selling the product online
. product profiles 0('1 page,. :, ,.., . .
. will g\~eyou 9~ opportu~i~ to enter the internalional morket ..

• Choose a product from the profiles presented in Activity 4 on page 67.

• Create an advertising plan, Decide who will be the producer, the designer. the
photographer. the copywriter" and the editor.
• Make sure your advertisement has all the necessary information about your
product. including a detailed description of it, its price. payment conditions.
shipping options and export restrictions, if any.
• Prepare your advertisement as a presentation and share it with the class.

BLOCK ,UUi 73
 .. /': ... :.::..
1 Read the text below and circle the correct word for each blank .
..f·
Hamleys is London's largest toy __ ....1 in the world. It has _..._.__2 toys for over 250
years. The store has seven floors and around 335 .__._3 and sells around 450.000
.__ ._.4. Every year, Hamleys receives more than five million ...._._5. Many of the toys
that Hamleys sells are made _..._.6 China, but some are produced locally. Children
are the most important __ 7 for Hamleys and many of the activities and displays
focus on __ ,_s. Technology has .__.__ 9 more important and many products are now
sold online. Hamleys _..__
._~IO opened several stores in other countries, including
Dubai and Denmark.
I. a. place b. store c. mall d. supermarket
2. a. sell b. selling c. sale d. sold
3. a. men b; people c. employees d. exporters
4. a. products b.games c. presents d. articles
5. a. manufacturers b. customers c. buyers d. players
6. a.on b.at c. in d. from
7. a. person b.rnen c. people d. employers
8. a. they b. those c. them d. these
9. a. become b. became c. becoming d. becomes
10. a. have b.had c. having d.has

:2 Write captions for the photos using the verbs in the box and object
pronouns.
I ask give help show I

.........
. "="'::

74
 3 ® Listen to the descriptions of six peoi)le and number the store where
each should shop,

.... •....•..L.', ~ .:. .... . .' .' .

4 Find seven more past participles in th~Nv9tdsearch and use them to fill in
each conversation. " .... .'

l~( A W M·'''E
;.'k"'--I'
'.i; completely - ;:~ over.
B B:Wow! It's like one big~heet of ice!
6. A: Mina's your best:frieAd,:lsn't she?
!'..' I···
1.E.···· .:
B:Yeah, she is.We:~e><··· ....
IT!
<:» . ;': '.'~ig~t. J each other our whcle lives!
/~;'(C;)Ushould go J? the doctor. 7. A: Katy, this is Claire, ... '.<
3. A: I've been so busy. I haven't B: Oh, hi. Claire.Wetve:::·· met
, many pictures recently. each other before-we go to the
'..B:That's a sbarne"! You're such a good same dance class,". ').>.
. . ...
: :./;.:.~:~~~~.(.:.:
'. ",:.' ~ .. , 8. A:The party's a realsucc~ss .
4. A: Let'splayagame. Mom has I think everyone in the school
....,- your birthday presents has _
.' •somewhere in the house. B: I know-but I'm worried that my
B:OK! So we have to find them! house is too small for this many
people .
. ,' _ :.:~:. . ,- ._", .. " .., , .. " ~".-':"

BLOCK four ::,'75

................ ,' ...
 Improving Board Game

',.': ....

·'.··.l:Io~mlJq~:,J
. mon~ynave/

.·.·.rz~:i~~~~~i,:
.
. . .•.monfh?,'.:, '.
. "":"::.:-"')':"':/:\/'{:;":

... ,.

1--'
[JD[] , !
~
s :I:

-
(j) (/) (j)
ro 0 ro 0
0
"""
ro < ro
0 ..,0, o·
ro 0 0 .~
~
S. "00 0 3 :T -0
(/) (/) c 0 ro 5"
0 (/) "0 < 0 -<
3 "0. fP' ~
(1)
::::. 9-
0

3 ''0 0
0 zr 0
"0
0
3:
-
'-'
al
:::J 0 m: m- ro
<0
(!)
-c 0 ~ ~ :i'
a- 0' 8-
3 """
(!)
5=:'
:T ? ro,
0
<l>
~.,
.. ~.:.
0
j~' .
~ 3
~';~
,~, ;,::' " :
m-
~'.:'
.'

'I:' .
.:: .... :.
",',1,

76
 Sales Assistant
Needed

A well-known electronics store

.. requires the services of a soles
assistant.··

• Candidates must be high

school graduates .
• No previous experience
is necessary .
.' Col1lp<:litiye salary onered..
_'.':: :.:'.;':

Call 555:3142 by November.

I can write a profile for a new small

business product.

I can talk about past actions relevant in the

present using the present perfect.

I can discuss basic budgeting using technical

vocabulary.

I can produce an advertisement for a small

business project.
 . .. . '. : . '~". :
:. . ..... ::' .: ",' .'. .'

". . ... : .. ' "

. .' ',.

. . .... : . ,.,.. .'.,.': .

. " , . , ... ,'., .' .

. ' . ' . .

" .... ,:'

" ,
.
,
' '
. ..

. .:.:' . .. ' .. ;'.,,'"

, ,

, , '
. - .' -' ::.,
. . ' -: .. :
.' :
. . . .' , .'. - .
" .
'.
. .

. . .,' . ' . .' - '. .. " .

: . , . ,

: ". .':

Appendices

o
z '
o
s
is '
:' .. : a;:
o

....... ., .. " _ ' - ~

~. .. _--_ ' .. ' " . -' .. . -.-., , .. '..... - _. .. . ..'

" "<JJ>i--
 Palrwork
.
·1·~
>
:',:' " 1 Look at the picture and complete the sentences with was or were.
" .. ,,1.-
I. The bank robber's shirt . . red and white.
2. There ...._.... three people in the bank.
3. The bank robber's. bag empty.
4. It _. __._ .. II :30 at the time of the robbery.
S. The police officers in a coffee shop.
6. The bank robber's hair blond.
7. There . four words on the bank robber's note.
. 8. The workers in the bank scared.

2 Compare your
information with your
partner. Find eight
differences between .
your pictures.

3 After shocking
events, people often
remember things
differently. Why does
this happen? Discuss
your ldeos with your
partner •.

, - Pai.."Jork 1 Take turns asking questions to determine the missing

food items onthe table. Use the words in the box.

banana butter coffee meat

I . milk . oil . pineapple. tomato

 1 Take turns asking questions to determine the missing
food items. Use the words in the box.
I three dozen ketchup tube 300 I
a ba( of choc.ola-re.

a of -roo-thpas-te

-noo pac\(_~ of cook.ie~

___ gram.,; of rem

il. bo-M1e of _

+nree, can.,; of- iunil.

e, e.gg_,;

one. box of- cereei

___ apple::.
..~---.,.---.----.------.----~----'--"---

2 Check your answers with your partner.

3 Look at the pictures. Find two Items you forgot to buy.

1 Take turns asking and answering questions to complete Martin's agenda.

What did Martin do on Wednesday?

I~·~·~·"·····'-·'-·---'··
: 22 Monday

! Nc]crni
i 200 p n1_

i pcvcredit
! C(JJCJ

. ".,

~ Vc:ncCiu'·/t)f

i
! t)L!l/ pn;:::,;.~~n r
kH rn-~yn'~;

.,...".l~.... .. ... 1...,.

Pairwork Activities 81
 Pairwork 1 Study the rules for the game.
I. You have cards with words in red. Your partner will try to guess them. Note:
Do not say the words in red!
Fish
2. Your partner gets three clues. These are the words in blue.
Clue I: anima!
(10 paints) 3. Read the blue words to your partner-one word at a time. If your partner
Clue 2:sea guesses the red word. he/she wins the number of points on the card.
(5 points) 4. For Your idea. write your own clue. But remember: it is only one word! (See
Clue 3: ~J.~:0. ... example.)
(I point) 5. Write down the score. The player with the most points wins!
2 ~~w play the game. You start. Your partner guesses the words.

_"." :.

3 Now switch roles. Try to guess the words.

6 1 Take turns asking and answering questions to complete the table.

::-: -:.-~: . .

. .
'.o~_:~_"_"_

i"'IOO U ~,:,l.Hp(se
i:;irt('tcjcrlp(~r~y')
.,
~t .) ~
.:,. _"

:--1
r.

82
 1 Find and unscramble the same color words to create questions. Write
them on the lines.
I. .._~.~.__ ._.~._
_. .. __
._
. .__.~_ _. _ _.._.._.. .__..
___ .
2. _ __ __ _ _ _ _. __.__ __ _ __..__ _ _._._ ..
_._ ,,'
3,
4, _ _ _. ,,_ __._.__. .__ _ _ _ _. ..__ _.

2 Check your answers using the answer key.

Then ask your partner the questions.

1 Read the celebrity profile Silently.

2 Tell your partner facts about the celebrity one by one, but do not
say her name. Use the present perfect when possible.

She has wan ...

She hasn't been ...
..Sha\t.j(
Date of birth:
Hometown:
Achievements:

,.:.'

I'

. f..
')

~
~ .. ,

:3 Switch roles. Listen to the facts your partner will give you and
take notes. Try to guess the celebrity's identity.

Pairwork Activities 83

-. >~.:..'\~.'
 · .
PairwOrk 1 study the rules for the game.
I. You have cards with words in red. Your partner will try to guess them. Note:
~11r~%\1i[;~nF;;; '(~;~'r'
Do not say the words in red!
Fish
2. Your partner gets three clues. These are the words in blue.
Clue I: animal
<'0
points) 3. Read the blue words to your partner-one word at a time. If your partner
Clue 2:sea guesses the red word, he/she wins the number of points on the card.
(5 points) 4. For Your idea, write your own clue. But remember: it is only one word! (See
Clue 3: ~1.C!'Pr:' ... example.)
(I point) 5. Write down the score.The player with the most points wins!
2 Now play the game. Your partner starts. You guess the words.

3 Now irs your turn. Give the clues. Your partner guesses.

1 Take turns asking questions to determine the missing

food items. Use the words in the box.

I bar box cans cookies orange I

a __ of e-hoc.ola-te

-rrre,e, __ of -tUN.

()1"\€. __ . of cereal

-mce.e, app:e.=-
..... -:
:if:.
' ~: ...,...,- -----.~..........-, -.- - . - .-_ -'-~-~~--------'

2 Check your answers with your partner.

:3 Look at the pictures. Find two items you forgot to buy.

84
 , Use the words in the box to complete the sentences. Check your answers
with your partner.

I didn't do exhausting is less useto I

I . Aerobics . as 2. Students used to 3. My father _. use to

energetic as jogging. repetition drills in class. play sports in. school.

. . .- .,.:.
4. Swimming isn't as ..... _ S. Did you speak
as mountain climbing. English two years ago? skinny than marathon runners.

1 Take turns asking and answering questions to complete the table.

Have you ever ... ?

No, I hoven't.

Pairwork Activities 85
...................... -- - :.
 1 Take turns asking questions to determine the missing ." .:.

food items on the table. Use the words in the box.

Is there any sugar? apple cookie egg milk I
Yes,there is.There's
some in number one.
I oil pineapple rice sugar!
;-·····~---·-·---·~·~-·-·--·--~-·l

:._I.~.t~e.~~_~_~~a!!~:?
__. ~_~ __ .i
'.No. there isnl ..

1 Look at the picture and complete the sentences with was or wele.
I. The bank robber's shirt .-. _" blue and white.
2. There -r- -_ two people in the bank.
.. -': -

.- 3. The bank robber's bag. ~_~_. full of money.' .....

4. Ic'-.- __~_~ I I:45 at tile time of the robbery .
. S. The police officers .-._._._..__in a drugstore.
6. The bank robber's hair ...-._-.-._... black.
7, There three words on the bank robber's note.
S. The workers in the bank .._._ angry.

:2 Compare your ".~

~
..

information with your

partner. Find eight
differences between
your pictures.

:3 After shocking
events, people often
remember things
differently. Why does
o
this happen? Discuss z
o
::;:
your ideas with your :c
u

partner. '"e
 1 Read the clues. one at a time, to your partner. Check your partners
answers.·

Clues
I. You hit balls with this. It .
has a long handle and a ..
head with tight strings.
(racket)
2. This is a very strong hat
that protects your head.
(helmet)
3. These are special shoes
that help you run and stop
on grass. (cleats)
4. This is wooden or
aluminum and it's used to
hit baseballs. (bat)
5. These are pants that end
above the knee. (shorts)

:2 Listen to your partner read five sets of clues. Point to each item and say its
name. Check your answers and number the pictures 1-5.

1 Study the picture and identify what was happening when

the race finished.

2 Describe your picture to your partner and discuss the

 Pairwork 1 '7 1 Listen to your partner read five sets of clues. Point to each item and say its
name. Check your answers and number the pictures 1-5.

Clues
I. This is a long wooden or
metal stick used to hit a
tiny ball. (club)
2. This equipment protects
soccer players from injury.
(shin guards)
3. You hit a ball over this. It
looks like a rectangular .•
web. (net)
4. This is a thin covering
that keeps your hair from
getting wet. (cap)
5. You wear this to catch and
field balls. (glove) ,

2 Read the clues, one at a time, to your partner. Check your partners
answers.

,;' . -: ,. ;"!Paiiivci~R;
.' ~, =18 1 Study the picture and identify what was happening when
the race finished.

2 Describe your picture to your partner and discuss the

~~~ differences between your pictures.
 1 Find and unscramble the same color words fo create questions. Write
them on the lines.
I.. " .."_,,.
_,,_._ ,,__..
_._.
__ ..,. .

ikpN,<>I, ",okJ.
iUQOU,l-3"ljt 1)(,») nO.( P!O I i.kp.J;n~
ArpJau.;).( .<uvn~ l! 'tM • no.( ~;Ql.~ P10 a

{Jt:<M P»lUWns uq ~J.J~m

'l'!~ JprQ' P!Q " pAW ~!tutPno.( PKl •

2:'qheck yQ.ur'Q~s\vers·usingthe anS'N~r ~ey. :~q
ikl>m
00.(

iOO'P" i"!3'U
> Then ask your partner :,the questions.
::':'','';:':''':'':'-'-'':'':''''-:''::''''''''-'-'''',,1,.::.'.' .;'.:.._:-._:.:
" .. , ,',.::,:_,._:_.
."..
. .,'.
.JO-J ii)W!l UO nQ.( aJ¥A • . ~n1:<)U)O{pc M:u: r.<M p~O •

1 Use the words in the box to complete .th~sentences. ".:

Check your answers with your partner.

I can cold her him, inyite us I

2. It's great you could come

1'.11be down in a minute? with _"_,,. , Matt! you warm it up, please?

4. We should tell .. . _ 5. Tell she left her cell . 6. I'd like to -------c-- you all to
"they're torn .... phone here. the movies!

Pairwork Activities 89
Pairwork . 21
'l!
1 Take turns.,a~king
.
and answer.h1g questions
. _"
to.. complete , Martin'sag~nda.
- ,',-' _-:-'_ .. '.' .., :.; ::.::
'.

What did Martin do on Monday?

23 Iuesdov , 24 Wednesday . 2S Thursday : 26 Friday ; ?l Saturday 28 Sunday

.......
---- ..-~- -_,...
-~......
-...
--.--.--~ ...
j
.,; read .
~:

, , controct ;. .
for his new
oportmenr
.. send ~ meet Naornf.
.i package to .. ; ct mal!" .'
: Mexico City' "; :, .10:·30 o.rn,
: toke cor
. iothe
, mechonic gym
,5:30 p.m. ,6:00 p.rn.
.: ", :' .
.' "

" ,..'

··i ......

.:;.
22
',-"

Pairwork 1 Listen to the fa"cts' your partnelwill give you cmd take notes. T~ to
guess the celebrity's identity~ -:. " , P,.

2 Switch roles. Read the celebrity profile'silently.

r partner facts ai:)out the celebrity one by one, but do not

..his.name; Use the, present perfect when possible.

o
z
a
::;;
:r
u
ii?
1}
 ... " .. _-

1 Use the words in the box to complete the sentences. I:',

Check your answers with your partner.

it left tell we. you I

2. It's great you could .3. Sorry. it's a bit cold. Can you'
. ~._- . h"us, Matt. I
WIt w~rm ~_""-"''''''- up. please?

4. __._.__~: should tell him .' .. S.: Tell her she _~ ..._. her cell 6. I'd like to invite all to
they're torn. phone here. the movies!

1 Use the words in the box to complete the sentences. Check your answers
with your partner .

. : ... 1 did energetic is_n't than use to used to I

",,,

. ~ ,':

I. Aerobics is as as . 2. Students do 3. My father didn't . _

jogging. repetition drills in class play sports in school.

4. Swimming .___ as 5. .__you use to speak 6. Basketball players are less skinny
exhausting as mountain climbing. English two years ago? _. . marathon runners.

Pairwork Activities 91

:&if_'
'."f •.
advertising - n. the act or profession of be in pain - ph.v. to have an unpleasant"
producing paid announcements for products or feeling caused by injury, disease or an .: .'
services in newspapers or magazines, online, on emotional disorder: My dog has been in
the radio or TV, etc.: Companies spend millions of " pain since his surgery.
d91lar~ on advertising to promote their products.'
below - prep. ~nderneath or beneath: Pleas~
amazingly - adv. in a surprising manner: . .' print your name belowyoursignatureon thi!)
Amazingly, the actress won the Oscar at age 12:" · . offiCial document ., .
." ..' - .. • • I
...• I,'

.assets ., ~.pl. a resource someone or somethi~'g-:' Bollywood - n. the Indian film industry based'
owns that has value; property: The organization in Mumbai: SoUywood pictures are only one part
so/~ all of its assets to increase its cash flow. of India's vast movie industry .

n:
.~vC)c::ado~' a pear-shaped fruit with rough black· .'boom - n. fast economic growth; a period .,
.'skin, edible flesh ~nd large seed: The maina .' . of great prosperity: Since the economic boom,
ingredientin guacamole is avocado. unemployment ha~ decreased. '

avo~~ - v.ito ~ta/a~~y fro~I'doing sOrTl~~hing:.' ". 'bre~l<,up - ph.v: to destroy or dismantle '.•.
, People should avoid, eating jun~ (ood because;; .. . something: The governl11~nt bro,keup the .
i(;5: [Jf)h~althy. . J" . ." . "',
, qirJine's monopoly and created competition.

awesome -adj;'excellenc; impressive: burn bridges - idiom. to behave badly.whtle:

extraordinary: Niagara Falls is an awesome ,~·"Ieayjng a situation. eliminating cif anY'chalice
natural wonder. return: When Laura lost her job, she burned a
lot of bridges by saying mean things about :: :
lu=r
I" ~;::.::'~'~

bagel - n. a doughnut-shaped bread roll, normally co-workers. ' . .

boiled and then baked: New Yorkers oft,en eat' .
bagels with cream cheese for breakfast. ';'C'ilO··;·"" ... '. head covering: Swi~'iP~rs oft,en wear
.r. -.;;,i .• "".f' ..",< keep their heads dr~::, ... '
. ~"~

~,~sc~'~p- ph.v. to update s~m~~ne with

iHi,gi9unation after an absence: Aft,er not seeing ..
" ('eafh"other in (lve years, they caught up over
>;ke~~~IIR~I~ goa,!:LeBron Jame$'s : ." . , 'I g "uP,of coffee .
...., evef{hitrhe bdsk~t 'Jii!
. cheer"- v. to encourage. approve of or
beans - n.p!. a seed from various leguminous congratulate by shouting: Real sports fans; .
plants that is eaten as a vegetable: Beans and cheer for their teams, win or./ose.
rice are important staples in many Caribbean d;eiS~ ,",:.

cleats s- n.pl. athletic shoes th~t have pr6jections

be a sharne-, ph. v.,to .beregrettable: to be ,'. on their soles for trac*>n:.0any socc,er players
'. . 'u~f~~~~~at~;;ir's a s~ame:th(~[ you con't stay a~d . .;. are paid to wear name brd~d:~/~a~:/' ,'. '.'
have somelJirth~ay cake. .' .... :,,",',,.:;..,.'.,,,,

club - n. a stick used to strike. a golf ball:

..... . Tiger Woods' golf clubs are rr1~de by Nike .
::',,:

carbon rock made of plant matter used
as fuel: Coal is often used to generate electricity.
copywriter - n. a person who drafts advertising
or publicity material: The copywriter was angry
because he found a typographical error in his ad.
cucumber - n. a long green vegetable with
green skin. often eaten in salads: The model .
put cucumber slices over her eyes at the spa.
curry - n. a strong-tasting Indian food, dish
or sauce made from various spices, including
curry powder: That Indian restaurant has the
best curry in the city.
cut down on - ph.v. to reduce the amount
of something: If you cut down on carbohydrates,
you will likely lose weight
damage - v. to cause harm or injure someone
or something: His bad temper is.damaging his
relationships with others. . ;.;
damaged - adj. harmed or injured: The
damaged building was officially closed
by the inspector yesterday.
denim -;n. a durable, cotton fabric normally used
to make blue jeans: Young people commonly wear
denim jeans and jackets.
dig in - idiom. to indicate to people that they can
start eating: While Italians say. "Buon appetito,"
before eating dinner, people in the U.S. say, "Dig in!"
dropkick - n. the action of letting a ball hit the
ground and striking it right after it rebounds;
a half volley: The goalie's dropkick made it across
the (leld and into the other team's goaL
dry cleaner - n. a business that washes clothes
with chemicals and little or no water: Could you
pick liP my dress shirts at the dry cleaner? I need
them (or my business trip.
electrical short - n. a bad connection in wiring
that causes electrical equipment to catch fire
and malfunction: After the electrical short, we had
no power in our house for (lve hours.
emotional - adj. affected by and expressing
sensibilities: Since they are emotional players,
both Pe/e and Maradona cried after winning
the World Cup.
envision - v. to picture mentally a future event:
Today's youth are optimistic and envision a better
world in 2030.
equinox - n. two days during the year when the
sun crosses the equator and the length of day
and night are the same around the world: The
vernal equinox marks the (lrst day of spring in the
northern hemisphere.
exchange - v. the act of givingand receiving
something reciprocally: The senators exchanged
heated words over the proposed legis/ation.
exhilarating - adj. exciting, stimulating
or breathtaking:Riding a rollercoaster
is·an exhilarating' experience.
exports - n.pl. goods or services that are sold
in different.countries: Ecuador leads the world
, in banana exports •.
feta cheese - n. Greek cheese made from sheep
or goat milk:Few cheese makes Greeksalads
taste a little salty.
fin - n. a thin and flat part of an aquatic animal
'used to move or guide it:They knew'it was a
. shark when its (In surfaced.
food stand - n. a temporary structure or booth
where meals can be purchased and eaten:
, Health inspectors make sure employees at food
stands wash [heir.hands: .
foreign - adj. from a different place or country:
Learning a (oreign language can be (un and
challenging at the same time.
gadget - n. a practical mechanical or electronic
device: Smartphones and tablets are popular
.' gadgets these days.
glove - n. a hand covering used by baseball players
to catch and field balls: Samia broke her hand.
trying to play baseball without a glove;' .
goalpost - n. a metal frame that marks the goal
in sports like football, rugby and soccer: The ball
frnally crossed. the line after hitting both goalposts.
goggles - n.pl. tight-fitting glasses used to protect.
users from water. wind or debris: The swimmers.
eyes were 0/1 red because she didn't use her
goggles.
go out - v. to be' extinguished or switched off,
namely.lights or electricity: The power went out
as soon as the tornado hit the town.
. ~.,
greet - V. to say hello to-or-welcome people on
meeting or arrival; The president greeted the new
ambassadors when they arrived in Pakistan.
hang out - vto be with-another person or
other people: Students often hang out at the
mall after school.
. hoop» n. a metal ring used as a basketball field
goal: The tallest player proteaedthe hoop well
and blocked seven shots.
impound - v. to take and keep in legal custody:
The driver's car was impounded after he was
arrested.
inexpensive - adj. low-priced; economical;
affordable: I hope to frnd an inexpensive flight
to Rome this winter, one I can pay (or. .'
injured - adj. harmed or wounded: The injured
puppy cried so much after the accident
injury - n. damage or a wound: The skier needed
.. surgery after suffering injuries to both knees:
iron - n. a silver-colored metal whose atomic
symbol is Fe: Iron is combined with other metal
alloys to create steel .. '
jeweler - n. a person who creates or sells objects
with precious stones, gold and silver: The jeweler
frnally frxed my watch yesterday.
journey - n. a trip or voyage from one place
to another:The woman's journey started from.
Panama and ftnished in New Zealand.
labor - n. physical work: Labor is the foundation
of any economy .
. laundry - n. clothing and linens that need,
to be washed: I have three loads of laundry to
do today!
loeksmlth » n. a person who repairs locks or
makes keys:1 had to call the locksmith because
I left my keys inmy apartment
longand hard - adv. carefully or diligently:'The
young couple looked long and hard before buying
their apartment
look for...; v. to search for someone or something:
Kristin is looking (or a newjob.
look forward to - ph.v. to think, expect or hope
for a future event: Maria is looking forward to her
trip to Malaysia.
machinery - n. a group of machines that perform
some kind of work: The engineers are testing
whether or not the factory's machinery is operating.
• ':;A~'
makeup - n. cosmetics usually applied to the face: nowadays - adv. currently or at present:
The actors put on makeup before going on stage. Nowadays, people seem to be texting constantly.

maiden voyage - n. the first trip or journey: olive - n. a small oval fruit from a Mediterranean
Space Shuttle Columbia made its maiden voyage evergreen tree: Olives are often used to make
in 1981. cooking oil in Italy and Spain.

make a living - idiom. to earn money: Many optometrist - n. a health-care professional who
people make a living working in [aaories. . specializes in eye issues: The optometrist gave me
a prescription (or a new pair of reading glasses.
make the cut - idiom. to succeed or be selected
from a group of candidates or possibilities: piracy - n. the unauthorized reproduction of a
Joseph made the cut and will start his new job book. recording. movie, invention or product:
onJuly I. Governments need to protect people's ideas
because piracy is out of control.
make the most of - ph.v. to take advantage of
something in a positive way: If you study hard, plug in - v. to connect a piece of equipment to an
you will make the most of your time in school. electrical source: No wonder your TV doesn't work.
It's not plugged in.
market saturation - n. an economic process
in which the amount of a product has been power bill - n. money owed for electricity use:
maximized in a given marketplace: Market Your power bill is so expensive! You need to use
saturation is the reason you see Starbucks® less electricity.
everywhere in the U.S.
power grid - n. a system of transmission lines
misbehave - V. Since the
to act inappropriately: used to distribute electricity throughout a
children misbehaved in class, they wereil'tallowed region: Ughtning strikes damaged the power grid
outside for recess. ~ "." :' and left many users without electricity for days.

mold - n. furry fungus: Melissa threw away the poverty - n. the condition of being poor: The
old bread because it had mold on it .:, '.'"'" United Nations is trying to eliminate poverty by
promoting sustainable development
net - n. a mesh fabric that is knotted and used as
part of a basketball goal: The referee stopped the prepay - v. to give money to someone before
game when the ball got caught in the net services are provided or goods are delivered:
,i:'
Because he needs to limit his online use, Larry
noodles - n.pl. pasta of various shapes. sizes and prepays for his Internet service.
forms, often eaten in soup: They want noodles
instead of rice in their chicken soup. pretty - adv. to a fairly high degree: It's pretty
diffiCUltto become a professional soccer player.
nonstop - adj. done or made without pause
or interruption: The nonstop Pight modean prevailing - adj. frequent Prevailing
or continuous:
unexpected landing in Budapest. public opinion is that taxes should be lower.
produce market - n. a store that sells fruit and
vegetables: The produce market sells (resher (ruit
than the grocery store.
profit - v. to make a financial gain after selling a
good or service: Oil companies are making record
profits.
profit - n. a financial gain made after selling a good
or service.Poor sales numbers have hurt profftS
this year.
properly - adv. correctly, appropriately or suitably:
If you (ollow the directions properly, you won't have
problems assembling the toy.
resume - n. a brief summary or outline of one's
education, work experience and qualifications
often sent with a job application: Creating a
strong resume is an important step in finding a job.
revenue - n. total income: In 20 II, the company's
revenues were about $1.2 billion.
rice - n. an edible grain that grows in wet regions:
Nadia ordered sweet and sour chicken with white
rice. Fred ordered his with (ried rice.
rise - n. an increase or movement upward: The
rise in (ood, prices is affecting how much people eat·
roast beef - n. a cut of cow meat that is slow-
cooked and cut into portions: My mom always
makes roast beef with mashed potatoes and gravy.
run the place - ph.v. to be the boss of or to
manage something: At night, Erica is in charge
and runs the place until the coffee shop closes.
sauce - n. a liquid condiment that adds moistness
and flavor to food: Kirk likes his chicken wings
with barbecue sauce.
scoreboard - n. a large screen or flat piece
of wood or metal that shows the results of
sporting events: The scoreboard showed that
the Chicago Cubs beat the New York Mets.
seize - v. to take, capture or grab: The police seized
the suspect after looking (or him for two days.
senior - n. a student in the final year of school or
college in the U.S.: Three high school seniors plan
. to volunteer in Zambia before starting college in .
the (all.
set - v. to apparently descend and disappear, like
the sun or moon: The sun will set at 7:42 p.m.
this evening.
shaft - n. a long cylindrical bar or pole: The chefs
stuck the meat on the shaft and cooked it over a
~ame for five hours.
shin guards - n.pl. pads used by soccer players
to protect the lower, front part of their legs:
Without shin guards, you could easily break your
leg playing soccer.
shocked - adj. surprised, scared or disgusted:
They were shocked by the amount of violence
in the movie.
show jumping - n. a sport where competitors on
horses jump over obstacles and are judged for
their speed and agility:In show jumping, both the
rider and the horse are well trained athletes.
sink - v. to become submerged and eventually
reach the bottom of a body of water: Small
boats can easily (til up with water and sink during
hurricanes.
somewhere - n. an inexact or undetermined
place: The restaurant is somewhere on Erie Street
sophomore - n. a student in their second year
of high school or college in the U.S.: Every year,
sophomores are happy that they are no longer in
the lowest grade in school.
steel - n. metal that is made from iron and carbon:
Steel bridges are stronger than wooden ones.
stoppage - n. the act of being interrupted
or stopped: The thunderstorm caused several',
stoppages during last night's game. '
studs - n.pl. pieces of plastic. rubber or metal
at the bottom of shoes that keep players
from slipping and falling: During halftime, many
players changed their shoes' studs because it
started raining.
surround - v. to involve or to encompass: There
is a lot of controversy surrounding the new law.
sweetener - n. a substance that makes food
or drinks taste sugary: Since I'm on a diet,
I put sweetener in my coffee instead of sugar.
", .:'
tax-free - adj. exempt from government charges:
Duty-free stores are popular in airports because'
they sell tax-free items.
tamper - v. to interfere and cause damage
to. change or alter something: The man was
arrested for tampering with the smoke detector
during the flight.
take off with - ph.v. to gain possession of
something without permission; to steal: The
thief took off with Omar's wallet, which had his
driver's license in it.
throughout - prep. from one end to the other:
There are good people throughout the world.
tough - adj. difficult or challenging: Learning
Japanese is tough because it's very different from
my native language.
trouble - n. a problem. disturbance or worry:
Mark is having some trouble with his geometry
homework.
troublemaker - n. someone who causes a
problem. disturbance or worry: There are two
troublemakers on the team who are always trying
to start fights.
unsinkable - adj. incapable of being sunk:
Be suspicious of uny boat that people say is
unsinkable.
unlike - adj. not similar; different: Although
it's unlike anything I have ever tasted before,
currywurst is delicioLJs.
wood - n. a hard fibrous substance that forms the
main part of a tree: Pine is a common wood used
to make affordable furniture.
workaholic - n. a compulsive
laborer or
employee who is addicted to his or her job: .
Elizabeth is in the office 12 hours a day, even
on Saturdays. She's a workaholic.
workout - n. a physical exercise session: They are
looking (or a workout that combines cardiovascular
exercise with strength training.
wrestling - n. a sport where two people struggle
with each other without using their fists:
Amateur wrestling and profeSSional wrestling are
completely different sports.
The past form of the verb be takes two forms: was The simple past is used to talk about a completed
action that took place at a definite moment in the
o I was at the office all day yesterday. past.
o We were hungry after the football game. o I visited my aunt in California two weeks ago.
o We studied German when we were in high
The negative form is made by adding not to the school.
simple past form.
o She was not here on time this morning. English verbs can be classified as regular or
• They were not at home last night. irregular when used in the simple past form.
o We arrived late to school because of the traffic.
The contraction wasn't or weren't can be used in o He went to the hospital to visit a friend.
the negative form.
• He wasn't ready for the presentation this Regular verbs in the simple past take the ending
evening. -ed in affirmative sentences.
• We weren't sleepy after our workout. o I worked at the public swimming pool on
weekends.
The interrogative form is made by moving the • She deleted her files from her pen drive by
simple past form to the beginning of the question. accident.
• Was he on vacation last week?
oWere you happy with the decision? The negative form of the simple past is made by
adding the auxiliary did and not (didn't) along with
Information questions can be made by adding a the base form of the verb.
wh- word to the beginning of the interrogative o I did not (didn't) talk to anybody during the
exam.
o When was he on vacation? • They did not (didn't) visit their friends in
• Where were you this morning? Paris.

The verb be can be used with the expression The interrogative form is made by placing the
there to talk about the existence of places or auxiliary did at the beginning of the question and
objects in the past. using the base form of the verb.
o There was a big park near rny house. Did you read Don QUixote?
o There were many trees near the river. Did she have lunch with you?

If a regular verb ends in a consonant + -yo it

becomes -ied in the simple past.
• I hurried home after the concert.
o Peter dried his sweater after the rain.

For a regular verb ending in a vowel + consonant,

double the consonant before adding -ed.
o My dog hopped over the fence this morning.
• Alexis and I chatted for half an hour last night.
Ordinal numbers tell the order of people or
objects in a set.
• Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on
the moon.
• The runner finished in third place in the
Olympics.

Ordinal numbers are typically pronounced in ' .:

dates. but not written out.
• I have an exam on August 9. (August ninth)
·The first heart transplant was on December 3.
1967. (December third. nineteen sixty-seven) Extra Online Activities
The Simple Past of be
Add -th to most numbers to make them ordinal.
• I live in the fourth house on the left.
• We celebrated my parents' fiftieth anniversary
last year. -,

Numbers one. two and three become (Irs!,second

and third.
• Two South African athletes won first and
second place in the marathon.
• My third semester at school was very difficult. Simple Past (Regular Verbs)

Some slight spelling changes can be seen in

numbers five. eight. nine and twelve.
• Friday is the fifth day of the week.
• Students in eighth. ninth and twelfth grade
participated in a charity event.

Numbers that end in -y add -ieth to make them

ordinal.
• My parents celebrated their fortieth wedding
anniversary.
• For her twentieth birthday. Julia got a puppy.

. . ...
" ~
" ...
Irregular verbs in the simple past can take several To show that two nouns share a common .
different forms. (see page I 12) characteristic. use oS... Qs.
• We did a lot of homework this morning. • Monica is as tall as Gloria.
• Thomas went to the supermarket last weekend. • Basketball is as exciting as football.

The simple past form of irregular verbs is used in The negative form not QS ••• os shows two nouns : .
affirmative sentences. are not equal. The first noun shows less of the
• Angie drove all the way from Los Angeles to characteristic than the second one.
San Francisco. • John was not as tall as Rodrigo.
• Ken bought a big black truck last Monday. • Fast food is not as delicious as home-cooked'
food.
Negative sentences use the auxiliary did + not
or didn't. To express a degree of inferiority, use /ess ... than.
• Myriam did not (didn't) take Chemistry 101 • Golf is less thrilling than rugby.
last semester. • A smartphone is less expensive than a flat
• I did not (didn't) know how to turn off my screen TV.
new cell phone!
.~".;

The simple past is theverb tense most commonly

used for storytelling and ceiling others about past
events.
• One day, Paul decided.that he wanted to have
his own car.
• She bought the newspaper and started looking
for a job. .; •. ~'..' ,

The simple past uses time expressions that refer .'.'

to finished periods or moments of
time.
• I heard a strange n9i~e la~t night.
• Did you take your swirnmiilg class yesterday?
We use used to + base form to talk about past
habits and actions/states that no longer occur.
• I used to watch cartoons every day.
• We used to have lunch together once a week.

The expression used to only refers to habits in the

past. To express present habits. you can use simple
present.
• I used to play with marbles back in elementary
school.
• He plays basketball on Saturdays.
Extra Online Activities
Make negative questions using the auxiliary did + . Simple Past (Irregular Verbs)
not and the base form of the verb use.
• Marlene didn't use to read so much.
• Aran and I didn't use to have a laptop.

Use the auxiliary did to ask questions about past

habits.
• Did you use to draw with crayons?
• Did she use to walk her dog in the evenings?

The expression used to refers to actions in Used to

the past that are no longer true because the
circumstances changed. It does-not indicate a
specific time. the duration of the-action or the
number of times it occurred" In that.case, the .-
simple past is preferred. "
•We used to go to the beach on vacation. (But
not anymore because we moved to a-different
place.) bltP_;/[f,QQ,_gI.l.iP.ZZDlt
• We went to the beach yesterday.

: ..'

Countable nouns can be singular or plural and
they can be counted by units.
• There are five books on the desk.
o I brought a sandwich and two apples for
lunch.
Uncountable nouns have a singular form. They can
be measured by weight or volume.
• We need two kilos of flour to bake the cake.
• After running the marathon, I drank almost two
liters of water.
The articles alan are used with countable nouns
since they refer to one. unit,
• I took a banana from the
.. . . fruit bowl.
'. . .
• There's a police car parkedoutside my
neighbor's house.
",,',," .
Some can be usedwith both countables and
uncountables to express a moderate quantity.
• We bought some apples at the supermarket.
• Shelley had some orange juice and some
coffee for breakfast.
In negative sentences, any' indicates the absence of
items. both countable and uncountable.
• There aren't any ticketsi'l~fiJ()r the jazz
concert.
o I don't have any sugarfor my coffee.
. ';;
Use any in questions to ask about the existence
of uncountable or plural countable nouns.
• Is there any milk left in the fridge?
• Are there any clean spoons in the drawer?
For large quantities, use many for countables and
much for uncountables.
• There were many oranges on the table.
• I don't have much tomato sauce for the pizza.
For small quantities. use a few for countables and
Q little for uncountables.
• I'll just buy a few pears at the market.
• She spilled a little ketchup on the couch.
To express very large quantities, use a lot of
for both countable and uncountable nouns.
• There were a lot of people at the mall.
o We need a lot of furniture for this office.
Questions about the number of items or the
amount of something are expressed with How
many ...? and How much ...?
• How many days a week do you go to the gym?
• How much water do you drink every day?
These words are always uncountable in English:
bread, weather, information. advice, hair, furniture,
paper. news, money.
• How much money do you have?
• Let's buy some bread. ,
Food Containers and Measures
Uncountable nouns can be placed in containers:
bags, boxes, cans, cups, glasses, bottles, etc, These
containers can be counted ..
• Can I have two bottles of water. please?
• I need a bag of sugar and a can of tuna fish.
Uncountable nouns can be measured using scales
(kilos, pounds, grams, etc.), spoons, cups, etc.
• The recipe is missing one cup of oil. a
tablespoon of butter and a teaspoon of
pepper .
• Did you get the two kilos of beef and the four
cups of breadcrumbs for the hamburgers?
The preposition of after a container is
pronounced with a schwa la/.
• I need a cup of lafl coffee.
• Can I have a glass of laft water?
The past continuous is used to talk about ongoing
actions at a certain time in the past.
o I was studying for my math exam last Saturday.
o Tessa was feeling sick yesterday.

To make the past continuous, use the verb be as --_. __ ._-----_._-

the auxiliary and the verb in the -ing form.
o Matt was listening to music.
o Robin and Theo were discussing what movie
to see: .'

The negative form is made by making the auxiliary Extra Online Activities .'
verb be negative: was not (wasn't) or were not Countables and Uncountables
(weren't).
o She was not (wasn't) doing anything.
• We were not (weren't) watching the show.

To make questions, place the auxiliary verb be

at the beginning of the sentence.
• Was Helen still sleeping at noon?
• Were you talking on the phone?

The past continuous can be used together with Past Continuous

the simple past. The past continuous refers
to a longer background environment where
the shorter simple past action takes place or
interrupts the longer one.
• I was sleeping when the telephone rang.:
• What were you doing when I went. to. the
supermarket?

When the past continuous and the simple past

occur in the same sentence, the expressions while
+ past continuous or when + simple past can be
used to help the reader distinguish the longer
background event from the shorter simple past
action.
o Someone knocked on my door while I was
studying for my finals.
• Pietro was reading an interesting book when
the earthquake occurred.

The present perfect is used to refer to actions
that began in the past but still have importance in
the present.
• I have done my homework.
• We have seen that movie already.
The present perfect is made up of the auxiliary
have and the past participle of the verb. The
contraction of the auxiliary have can be used in
affirmative sentences.
• John has studied hard all day.
• We've seen that movie several times before.
Past participles can be classified as regular and
:.;» :
irregular.
• We have worked hard.
• Bob has told me the good news.
Regular past participles end in -ed and follow
the same rules of simple past regular verbs.
• We have traveled a lot.
• She has learned how to dance.
Irregular past partlclples can take different forms.
(See page 112.)
• I have been to Europe twice.
• She has seen some of her old school friends.
. ,
Negative sentence;:'in the past participle use
the adverb not after the ~uxiliary.
• We have not heard from Ruben for a long time.
• Sam has not called recently.
The forms haven't and hasn't can be used in
negative sentences.
• She hasn't had a vacation lately.
• You haven't read your e-mail.
Questions in the present perfect are made by
placing the auxiliary verb at the beginning of
the sentence.
• Have you eaten anything exotic?
• Has Julia sold her car?
The present perfect can be used with ever to ask
about first time experiences.
• Have you ever surfed in Hawaii?
• Have you ever sung in front of an audience?
When the present perfect is used with gone, it is
implied that the person isn't at the place of the
conversation and hasn't returned yet.
• Jim has gone to the mall.
• They have gone to London.
The preposition for is used with the present
perfect to talk about the length of time an action
has happened.
• I have driven for 45 minutes and I still can't
find the house.
• We have been in class for an hour and a half.
The conjunction since is used to indicate the initial
time of an action.
• He has worked in this company since August
2010.
• Michael has taught math at the university
since january 4,2005.
To emphasize the fact that an action has
happened, we use already. To emphasize that it has
not happened, we use yet with the negative form
of the verb. To ask about an action, we use yet
with the interrogative form of the verb:
• I have already finished my project.
• I haven't finished mine yet.
• Have you been to the new movie theater yet~
No, I haven't, but I'd like to go sometime.
The object of a sentence is the noun after a verb
or a preposition.
• r bought a book yesterday.
• We're listening to Martin.

These nouns can be replaced by object pronouns.

• r bought it yesterday.
• We're listening to him.

Five out of the seven subject pronouns in English

have a different form.
Extra Online Activities
Subject Object Present Perfect
I me
you (sing. & pI.) you
he him
she her
it it
we us
they them

Just like subject pronouns, object pronouns are

used to replace nouns that have been previously Object Pronouns
referred to.
• Sandra bought a new apartment last week. She
really likes it. All her friends wanted to see it.
o Mr. Smith called Tim and Ryan to his office. He
asked them about their green project.
 -~".
·1.:
I
.
Block I
Track I
A: (Bueno?
B: Hello? Mr. Garcia? This
is Anna Harrison. Maria
told me I should call. It's
great to speak to you.
A: Oh, hey, Anna, I was
expecting your call.
Please, call me Cisco.
B: Thanks, Cisco. Can you
tell me about my Uncle
William?
A: Well, in the beginning,
I didn't recognize the
name "William." We
called your uncle "Bill,"
B: Did you work with him?
A: Yes, Anna, I did.We
installed power cables
across rural Mexico in
Chihuahua.
B: So, did he live in Mexico?
A: He sure did.
B: But he didn't come back.
He never visited us!
A: I'm surprised.
B: Cisco ... Sorry, but I have
a difficult question for
you. I need to know. How
did my uncle die? Was it
an accident at work?
A: Anna?
B: Yes, Cisco.
A: Your uncle didn't die.
He lives here in Ciudad
Delicias!
B: What?
A: Bill isn't dead. I just saw
.......
"Y:,:(
him the other day.
B: I can't believe it. There's
an article online that
says, "William Harrison,
died March 9,2005."
A: I guess it's a different
William Harrison.
B: I'm so happy! I... I can't
believe it!
A: I'm happy for you, Anna.
B: Why didn't he contact
us?
A: Well, when Bill arrived
in Mexico, people didn't
use the Internet. There
weren't any cell phones.
When was it, 1992?
With no Internet, it's
very difficult to keep in
contact with your family.
B: Well, now everything'S
. different. I can't wait to
speak to him.
/>..: I'll give you his phone
'. _" number.
'B: Yes, please!
A: Great job, Anna.You
are a teenage Sherlock
Holmes!
Track 2
Last year, they turned off
the lights in the Houses
of Parliament in London.
Australia's Sydney Opera
House was dark. No lights
were on in the Kremlin
in downtown Moscow.
People waited in the dark
next to the Monument to
the Revolution in Mexico
City.
Why? It was Earth Hour.
For Earth Hour, many
people turn off their lights
and electrical appliances for
60 minutes. Many businesses
also turn off their lights.
The idea of Earth Hour is
to encourage people to use
less electricity. It takes place
every year in March. It lasts
from 8:30 to 9:30 p.rn. all
over the world. last year, it
was on March 29.
Earth Hour was the idea
of the WWF. It started in
Sydney in 2007 and more
countries take part in the
project every year.
It shows that the whole
world can work together
save the environment if we
really want to.
So, what will you do for
Earth Hour?
Track 3
A: Jimmy! Did you hear that
news about Earth Hour?
B: Yes, I did. Did you do
anything for Earth Hour
last year?
A: No, we didn't. So, let's do
something this year.
B: OK, Selena. So, what will
you turn off? The lights in
the living room?
A: Yes, we'll turn off all the
lights in the house. We'll
turn off all the electricity
too!
S: All the electrical
appliances?
A: That's right: everything.
B: OK. I'll start here in
the kitchen. Do you
want me to unplug the
microwave?
A: Yes, unplug the
microwave.
B: Oh, wait ... the
refrigerator,
A: The refrigerator?
S: We can't turn the
refrigerator off because
it's full of food.
A: It's OK. It will be fine for
one hour.
S: Wait! There's food in the
freezer! You can't turn
the freezer off because
we need to keep the
food below zero degrees
Centigrade.
to A: Good point. Don't turn
it off.
B: Fine.
A: Now the living room.
Let's turn off your game
console.
B: What? Why? I need
something to do or we'll
be sitting here in the
dark doing nothing!
A: We can talk! So turn off
the game console and
theTV
S: No way!
A: But, it's for the
environment!
B: What about your
smartphone? You should
turn that off.
A: No, it's OK.The phone
uses a battery, so I can
use it during Earth Hour.
S: Uh-huh. So you can use
your srnartphone. but
I can't use my game
console?
A: That's right.
S: Great. And the water
heater? I mean ... , it's so
cold and I don't want
to take a cold shower
tonight!
A: It's OK. The water heater
uses gas, not electricity.
 ::~..i~ :g ~H
~~"::~;:~
~ w ~ R

B: Whew! OK. That's Dr. Alexander Fleming, a the use of antibiotics show, Orson Welles
everything ... I'll just turn professor of bacteriology by requiring doctors to and a group of actors
this off. at St. Mary's Hospital in provide patients with dramatized the story,
A: Wait! Stop! What are London, left cultures of the prescriptions. Overall, using realistic sound
you doing? bacterium Staphylococcus thanks to Dr. Fleming's effects. Incredibly, people
B: I'm turning off the aureus in his laboratory important discovery, the believed martians were
aquarium. and went on vacation. world is a healthier place. really invading the planet
A: No! Electricity provides When he returned, he Track 6 and panicked!
light and heat, and noticed that, by chance, A: Good morning and A: But why did people think
tropical fish need warm some of the cultures had welcome to "This Day it was true?
water. If you turn off the been contaminated by in History." As always, B: Well, it turns out that
aquarium, they will die. mold. This mold destroyed I'm your host, Douglas many people didn't
B: Oh, right! OK. We'll the culture samples that it Jackson. Today, we are begin listening from the
keep it on for the fish contacted. Fascinated by taking to Margaret start of the show, so,
then. Isn't it great to be his discovery, Dr. Fleming Hopkins. who is an when they tuned in, they
working together with decided to produce a expert in U.S. pop hadn't realized it was
so many people around more concentrated form culture. Margaret, a dramatization. They
the world right now? of the mold, which killed welcome to the program. thought it was really
a number of different B: Thank you. Douglas. It's a happening.
Track '-\ disease-causing bacteria. pleasure to be here. A: That's unbelievable!
I. m. vacuum cleaner He called this substance A: Margaret, today is B: I agree, but the program
2. k. toaster penicillin. which was October 30. and you're used very dramatic
3. i. stereo first introduced in the here to talk about reports about spaceships
4. a. dishwasher 1940s. This began the something amazing that landing on Earth and
S. h. refrigerator era of antibiotics. With happened on this date martians attacking people
6. f. kettle the start of World War a long time ago. Is that with futuristic, heat-ray
7. g. microwave II, the United States was correct? weapons and gigantic,
8. I. TV responsible for developing B: You're absolutely right. walking robots. The
9. e. iron large-scale production On this day in 1938, a reporters, who were
10. j. stove of penicillin, making it remarkable event took of course actors, also
I I. b. DVD player more Widely available. place in the United said the martians were
12. d. hairdryer Before its discovery, States. The young actor, using poisonous gas on
13. n. washing machine thousands of people died Orson Welles, read from people. The scariest part
14. c. blender from infections caused the science fiction novel, was when they said that
by bacteria. Thanks to War of the Worlds by H.G. a brigade of National
Block 2
penicillin and other Welles. about a martian Guard troops had been
Track 5
antibiotics. doctors were invasion of Earth. completely annihilated
Good morning. Today
able to fight infections and A: This was on a national in New Jersey. That's
is our second program
save lives. However, the radio program, is that when the listeners really
dealing with discoveries
overuse of antibiotics has correct? started panicking.
that have changed our
made them less effective B: Yes. and in the 1930s, A: So. what happened next?
lives. Some events truly
and a number of microbes, millions of people used B: Well, since about a
do revolutionize the
including Staphylococcus to listen to the radio, million radio listeners
course of history and the
aureus, have developed and Sunday evenings, believed that the
c discovery of penicillin is
z resistance to them. In in particular, were a invasion was truly taking
o
:::; a perfect example. The
:I:
V
most countries today, very popular time to place, fear broke out
a: facts are simple. In 1928,
o governments control tune in. So, during this across the country.

Audio Scr-ipts 107


[ ....
i ..
' Terrified people flooded
highways-trying to
escape their attackers-
and citizens begged
police departments for
gas masks to save them
from dying. Some asked
electric companies
to turn off the power
so that the martians
wouldn't be able to see
the lights in their homes.
A: Wow! I still can't believe
this. So tell us, Margaret,
how did this all end!
B: Well, finally, when the
news of the panic
reached the radio studio,
Orson Welles went on
the air to remind the
listeners it was just
fiction and people began
calming down. After this
broadcast. some people
thought this terrifying
show would ruin Welles'
career. However, he was
later offered a Hollywood
contract and became a
famous movie star.
A: Wow! What an amazing
story! So in the end,
Margaret, is it safe to say
that nobody actually saw
any martians on this day
in 1938?
B: No, Douglas. they didn't.
It was all in their minds!
Many children didn't use
to go to school because
they had to work. School
days were long and children
used to spend eight hours
in class with two hours
for lunch. What subjects
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did they use to study? B: They use a spit. which is basically pancakes made
The main emphasis was like a bar or rod. So. what of flour, eggs, milk with
on reading, writing and do you think? Would you a little butter and salt. i
I
arithmetic. Students used like to try one? You can have crepes t
to learn by reciting things, C: Definitely! They look with different fillings like tt
like parrots, until they could delicious! cheese, ham, mushrooms,
tI
memorize them. In most B: Hey, Lucia! I've heard you sugar with lemon ...
1
classes, they used to copy have something similar to pretty much anything. 1
1
a lot of information from doner kebabs in Mexico. Although my favorites are
the blackboard. Children . Is that true? the ones with Nutella",
t
didn't use to write in C: Pretty close! In Mexico, Hmm. What about in
t~
notebooks. They used slates we have something called japan, Ritsuko? What can I
I
instead. Discipline was strict tacos 01 pastor, which you get at a food stand in 1
T
?
and teachers used to hit are tortillas with pork, your country?
students with a cane when cilantro and small pieces E: Mmm, I think the most 1
they misbehaved. of fresh pineapple. The
taqueros-the people
typical street food back
home is ramen. It's a
1j
.;-
Block 3 . {
who make the tacos- kind of soup made with 1.
Track 8 ;1
cook the meat on a spit, noodles. which look like
A: What a wonderful place!
;USt like doner kebabs. spaghetti, and then you 1
Istanbul is amazing. But .....t
I have to admit. these mix in roast pork and
after all this walking, I'm
kebabs look just as bamboo shoots.Without
so hungry. Let's grab a
yummy! question, it's my comfort
bite to eat. Mehmet. since
A: What about you, food,
this is your city, what
Sylvie? Do you have any A: OK, enough talking about
would you recommend?
interesting street food in food! I'm starving! Let's
Is there a place around
your country! eat already!
here that is good, cheap
D:As a matter of fact. B: OK, OK! Let's order!
and healthy? What about
in Germany we have Excuse me, sir, could we
that food stand over
something called have five ...
there?
currywurst, which is a
B: Great idea, Jordan. Come
steamed or fried pork TI';1Ck 9
on guys. Let's check it
sausage covered with Welcome listeners to
out. Just as I thought ...
ketchup and curry another episode of "Food
they're making doner
powder. from around the World."
kebabs: .. probably the
A: That sounds like an I'm your host, Laura Adams.
most typical street food
interesting combination! In today's podcast, we'll be
throughout Turkey. Doner
D:lt might seem strange. making the very popular
kebabs are normally little
But after one bite, I holiday drink from Mexico,
pieces of beef or lamb
guarantee all of you will Mexican Christmas fruit
with spices that you eat
love it! What about you, punch or poncl1e novidefio
with pita bread.They're
jordan? What would you as it's called in Spanish. This
really tasty.
recommend we try in traditional, warm beverage
A: How do they hold the
France? is a drink made of several
meat in place when they 0
A: In terms of Street food. different types of fruit and z
0
cook it? ~
you have to eat crepes ... spices prepared during :x:
u
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no doubt about it.They're the Christmas season to o
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endure the cold of winter.
So let's jump right in and
get started. OK. For our
recipe, we'll first start with
the ingredients.You will
need about six liters of
water, two cinnamon sticks
and two cups of tamarind.
Make sure you peel the
tamarind before you add
it since its shell is hard
and has a very unpleasant
taste.You'll also need six
large guavas, without the
seeds, two red apples and
one big juicy orange. And
finally, one cup of brown
sugar and eight to ten
tejocotes. Tejocotes are a
small Mexican fruit. If you
can't find them in your local
grocery store, don't worry!
Your ponche will taste just
as delicious without them.
That's it for the ingredients.
Now, the next thing we
need to do is...
B: Tuna and honey, check. B: Well, I do most of D:Well, there's no mall
What about milk? my shopping at malls where I live, so I do my
A: Yes.We need a carton because I can find almost shopping a bit differently.
of skim milk and can you everything there. If I I sometimes go to
get a box of cereal too? need medicine, I go to a superstores because
B: Milk and cereal. Anything drugstore and obviously they sell lots of things
else? I go to the supermarket and they're pretty cheap.
A: Yeah. Could you get me or a convenience store There, 1get my casual
a bag of potato chips, a for food and drinks. If I clothes, toiletries and
tube of toothpaste and a have money, I normally accessories as well as
bottle of soda? spend it on clothes or food. But, I also go to
B: Chips, toothpaste and video games. But, since I some smaller stores for
soda. Is that it? usually don't have a lot of shoes, dressier clothes
A: Let's see here ... urn ... money, I often just hang and medicine. I've been
yeah. That should be it out in the mall or maybe to malls a couple of times
for now. have some coffee with because my cousins live
B: Great. I'll see you in about friends. Overall, I have to in a big city and there are
30 minutes. Sound good? say I've had some good lots of them near their
A: Sounds great, but I'm experiences in shopping house. When I visit them,
going out for a cup of malls. I usually go to a mall
coffee with some friends A: Thanks, Craig. And what just to look around, but
this afternoon. about you, Kelly? sometimes we go to the
B: But; Mom, remember C: Hmm. Let's see here. movies, which is cool.
what the doctor told Like Craig, I go to malls A: And last but not least,
you?You can't drink because they're very Daniel. Daniel, tell
coffee! convenient. I meet us ... where do you go
A: Don't worry, honey. I'll my friends there and shopping and what kinds

i ; just have a glass of water sometimes go shopping. I of things do you buy?

I
T'ilCk 10 ora cup of tea. usually buy clothes, shoes, E: Well, to be honest; I
A: Hi, Dan. Are you coming B: Cool. Have fun. See you makeup and accessories don't really like shopping
home? later. there. Sometimes if my or malls. When I go to a
~
! B: Hey, Mom. Yeah, I'm on A: Bye; honey. And thanks for mom comes with me, store, I try to get in and
I my way. I stopped at the picking up. those things. I ask her to buy some get out as fast as possible.

I
supermarket for a pack things for me. She hasn't Malls are just too big and
Block 4
of gum. Do you want been to the mall as much crowded. I have an older
Tracl~ ! I.
me to buy anything else as me in the last couple brother, so sometimes I
A: Hey, everyone. Today, I got
f while I'm here? of years, but she really go with him when I want
a chance to talk to some
A: Yes please, and perfect likes shopping at the mall to buy something. If and
t local teenagers about

,I
timing. I was just making when she can. I just wish when I go to a shopping
where they go shopping
a list of things we need. she would come with me mall, I usually buy some
and their shopping habits.
,j:":~ Do you have a pen and a more often so she could T-shirts, jeans and maybe
Let's listen to what they
piece of paper to write help me pay for some a rock magazine, but only
t
I on?
had to say.Tell us, Craig.
scuff. [laughs]. once in a while. Basically,
r B: Give me a second. Got it.
where do you normally
A: Very funny, Kelly. And that's the kind of stuff I
go shopping and what
r
•!
Cl
=:
0
OK, I'm ready. Go ahead.
kinds of things do you
how about you, Molly? like to buy there.
s
1
:r
v
A: OK.We need a big can of Tell us about your A: Well, there you have
~ <2 normally buy?
I c tuna and a jar of honey. shopping habits. it. Some different
t
L Audio Scripts 109
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give me the address?

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A: When was thac? July of on any interesting

perspectives from some
of our area's teenagers.
Now back to you,
Michael.
TtOack 12
A: Hi, Sonia. How have you
been?
B: Great, thanks. How about
you?
A: I've been really good
especially since I
changed jobs. Right
now, I'm working in
a big accounting firm
downtown. I love it.
B: Really? Downtown? Have
you ever tried that new
Indian restaurant on Main
Street?
A: No, I haven'c.Why? Is it
good?
B: Well, I'm a little biased
because it's my brother's
place. He opened it on
June I and I have worked
there as a manager for
about three weeks.
A: That sounds really
interesting. Have you
enjoyed your experience
being the boss?
B: Well, let's say that it
has been an interesting
experience. Definitely, it
has been a lot of work
because we don't have
much experience in the
restaurant industry. But,
~}.
~
...... ...
.:. we have received some
~
really good comments
about the food. which is
great for business!
A: Congratulations! That's
exciting news! While
you're here, could you
love Indian food and I 200S? vacations since I saw
haven't found a good B: Exactly! Way too long! you last?
one in the city. I have Hey, do you have time B: Well, I've been to
looked long and hard. to grab a bite to eat and Bermuda, Australia and
And believe me, I have catch up? Europe.
eaten at some-Iec's A Sure. Let's go. A: No way! That's awesome.
say-not so great B: Just perfect! The service Those must have been
establishments. is so slow today. We've great vacations and
B: Sure. Here's my business been here for 20 minutes they must have cost a
card. Stop in for lunch and the waiter still hasn't fortune!
some day. My treat! taken our order. B: [/oughs] The truth is;
A: Sounds perfect. A: Don't worry, man. I'm I used Google Earth
I'll do that! Best not in a hurry. Tell me, on my computer. They
of luck with the new have you heard any were virtual trips. You
business venture! news from our old wouldn't believe the
classmates since we things you can ...
Track! 3 graduated?
I. Hey! I'm talking to you, B: No, not really. I've Track ! 5
but you aren't paying communicated with A: Today we are
attention. some of them via continuing our weekly
2. Sarah's mom didn't let Facebook, but most of series dedicated to
her go to the party. them have been too busy revolutionary business
3. I told you the movie to get together. Like trends. Our guest this
was bad, but you never Christy, for example. afternoon is Dr. Janet
listen to me. A: Christy Stevens! From Manning, a business
4. Thee's dad woke him up our science class? professor at Free
at 5:30 this morning. B: Yep, that's the one. She's University, who will be
5. Our grandmother really basically a workaholic. talking to us about the
likes being with us. She hasn't had a importance of online
6. My cousins' instructor vacation since 2004- shopping. Dr. Manning,
caught them a new back when she was thanks for joining us
workout routine. doing her internship today.
7. My computer isn't at the pharmaceutical B: My pleasure, Ralph.
working. I need to take lab. Now she basically Please call me Janet.
it to the repair shop. runs the place. Wow. It's A: OK, Janet. Please, tell us.
8. I want all of you to hard to believe. She has How much has online
listen to me. worked there, almost shopping transformed
non-stop, for almost ten the way products are
Tr<lck 14 years! bought and sold?
A: Mario! Man, it's great A: Now that's what I call B: Without question, the
to see you again! It has working hard! Maybe a Internet has completely
been ages! little excessive though. revolutionized shopping
B: Noah! How arc you? [ And what about you, habits. Today, it is so easy
a
haven't seen you since- Mario? You always to buy anything online. z
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........................
 thought that you could
order fast food online
like we can today!
A: Very true! What
about the influence of
Amazon.corn? In your
opinion, has it been
the pioneer in online
shopping?
B: To a large extent, yes. I
have to say that Amazon
has been the leader i~
online, retail sales. Jeff
Bezos, who started
the company in 1994,
realized two really
important things about
the Internet. First, it
eliminated geography in
shopping and allowed
customers to look at a
wide variety of products
online. Secondly, Bezos
recognized that the
Internet could be
used to discover a lot
of information about
customers, particularly
their buying habits.
A: And the software that
Amazon uses is quite
efficient and effective,
isn't it?
B: Oh, definitely, The
company's. various
software programs are
extremely sophisticated. software is. Some might 2. Jamie was invited to
They enable customers say alarming. his cousin's wedding
to order products online A: Is there any downside to and needs to buy a
very quickly. And those buying products online? formal suit. He wants
orders are delivered B: Well, the evolution of something that isn't
. within days-sometimes online shopping has too expensive since
even within 24 hours- already hurt some he doesn't have much
to purchasers' homes. businesses. And in the money.
Amazon has huge future, it is possible that 3. Mariana and John have
distribution centers bookstores will continue just moved into a new
... across the United States to disappear. The same apartment. They are
[ust to process and could be true for travel looking for a good place
deliver all of its orders. agents, specialized to buy aTV because
In addition, you can buy clothing outlets and they really like watching
and download books hardware stores as well. movies at home.
to a tablet in a matter Let's face it. It's tough 4. Antonio needs to have
of minutes. Amazon for traditional shops to his eyes examined and
started with books, compete with online is thinking about getting
.....but now the company retailers who offer them contacts. He has worn
sells an endless range two powerful selling glasses for seven years,
.of products, including points: number one-the but he's tired of them.
electronics, toys, movies, ability to make purchases 5. Anna and Natalia have
games, clothing, sporting from the comforts just graduated and want
. ~oods--just to name of their homes. And to travel to the beach .
. afe..,.Aclditionally, the number two--Iow cost, They want to purchase
··coIl)R(l6y•.~as..••
software if not free, shipping. an all-inclusive resort
prOgF~~s t:6~~track package that covers the
Track 16 flight, hotel and food.
Sh()PPi~ghi;wry. With I. Karla is really focused 6. Diana needs to buy a
this tr,<l<:ki6irsystem, on staying fit and is present for her best
the cgrnp(lH~ knows a planning to enter a SK friend's birthday. She's
lot ~bC)Gtlei (lsers and run next year. She has not sure what to get
~~kesi~~2g~rl1endations saved up some money her, so she needs to go
to therri'aboutfuture to buy a new pair of to a store that has lots
pu·rchases.I~'s.amazing running shoes. of different options.
how powerlui that

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112
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 From: mrocjriguez@routet~lectrlcol.con,.m:,
To: Clnnat")ornest~~:nlyrnoi~,cor('i
Subject: fiE My lost uncle

Dear Anno.

Thank you for your e-mail regarding your uncle. I storted working at the company in
2012. so I don't hove much information about older employees. There is no William
Harrison at the company at the moment although many foreign· electricians and
engineers worked for us in the post. Unfortunately. a fire oornoqed: many of our
records in 1996. so we don' t have any information from before thot time.
I wish you good luck in your search.

Best regards,

Moria

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113

The Wujing Zongyao military compendium,
written in 1044 CE, included some of the
first written formulas for gunpowder.
4 On November 9, 1989, Gunther Schabowski, a
former Communist Party official, announced that 6 Nelson Mandela became the first
people could cross the border between East and black president of the Republic
WestGermany. Almost immediately. thousands of of South Africa on May 10, 1994
B(!rlinersoli!~an breaking down the Berlin Wall. in the nation's first open election.
3 At 10:35 a.m. on December 17, .1903, Orville 5 On November 12, 1990,Tim Berners-Lee and
Wright piloted the first manned airplane in Robert Cailliau published a formal proposal for the
North Carolina"""'"':"a
flight that: lasted total of
a World Wide Web in Geneva, S.....itzerland.
I
115
.,'.;";"',"l!i, ..'
 'i' .'

BLOCK "three. .Street Food·

.:'.",,' .

u.s, Fast Food: Not Slowing Down

Nutritionists tell them to eat it only once a month, but people in the U.S. aren't
. ;': .. ' listening. And with over'300,OOO fast-food restaurants throughout the nation,
that advice is easy to ignore. Today, more than 25% of its adult population eats
. in a fast-food place every day. Amazingly, the U.S. isn't ranked "Number I." That
distinction belongs to Hong Kong with 61 % of its population visiting a fast-food
restaurant at least once. a week.
VI
But, it's still a lot of food on the run and the number of hamburgers, hot dogs,
....pizzas and tacos that lJ.S. inhabitants eat is staggering. Here's how these food G
: .. : pc
items. ~ank,.':in terms
",
of sales
',::.;'.''. ....
andconsurnption in that country.
. VE
,.
. '.,: .'
.:
"

.:'
. .:.: .. ,/ :'.
.
ar
ar
Anth~~'~(')I~~ist~ h,ave d~termined that, .'.. .: , .
ar
'. as ea.rly a~ 3,POq I}CE; Mesoal1lericans in .'.
ye
M~~ico's Sierr~ ~~untain~ revered .' Mad~~ de
.. ''. cor~ as the ';'grai~ ~f iifeJ' c:()rn becarne the .
se
main ingredient of. tacos are" .... ci~o~~i~da}', tn
eaten as a snack or rn~ir{di~h i~ Mexic~,
N
the "unofficial" largest'c~ry~~ll1er.' ." .t. ....' ..
tc
of tacos. worldwide .. rtowever;
re
..tacos are also popular in.
the U.S., where restaurants .
sell aboutZ billion of them .
.. ! '. .

each year, according to some

statis~ic~: One, i,nparticular, nas•••) •...
been cfll~9, ~~e HTi~de"
}acg BeU's.. 9.~i-i~oLoco Taco",
: th~!' 375 million were sold in 201
.~~re
:'.;,
than a mlllion per day!

......". ..' '.... Mongol warriors

. ':', ......... '. what we today call
" tWe1ft:hcentury CEo
ing~~dient was horse
T~d<lY'Illpst argue that .
.············.···harrl~urgers.are
made

"'.. i.,: '\ ",: i 2~::~0~TI~s~i~:t~~o:tte, .. .:

~' ::!; .,; /' ~";.•~.~ay·.·.·.~.'b~.~.gf:.a.:~~:Hamb

.. :;. <; ,.',,:~~;·r·,··:·..
,; G~~n:;a~Yi~'1891;·
.'
J .: .. \::}.; ,:. 89y.:~~~~\h~mbu~g~;s';
. :-."•. ".:'.:~
..:.~:
....
:/~j~.e.:~~.
na.'ti·onai
... ' .. ..
'

r~c()gnition in the ..'

i LJ.S. d~ring the World's" '.' .' ,....
.• F~ir
:':'.'.,',,'
i~ St. Louis
... " .. ::.'
in 1904. Today,
".
th~;;!:
,.'." 1,'.'::

average number of hamburgers Jl(\tElfl.per .. r, ..

. ~"'. .. ' : in·.·th~us. is 14 biHi~~::".",/.:::.:,.,'",:~"

·:··'·,··Ye·a·r: I." ,"

"".':.:'.:.',:,:"'::":,

~",.......
"....~:.,ii;,;z :~.:~:_.;~~<,"-.~::;..;~"",~~, ..
 ,
With its roots that date back to the ancient Persians,
Greeks and Romans, today pizza is one of the most
popular dishes in the world. The most famous
version was specially prepared for the King
and Queen of Italy in 1889.ln the U.S.•there
" are more than 70,000 pizzerias and pizzas
" .are sold and consumed like crazy every
, , , , year-three billion to be exact! That breaks
, down to about 350 slices of pizza eaten every
second throughout the country. But, the U.S. isn't
the world's biggest pizza consumer. Surprisingly,
Norwegians earn that honor as they consume 50,000 '
tons of it every year, including frozen. homemade and'
restaurant varieties.

/,::

The original form ()fwhat is knOw[l ~9day'#s <l:,h~t dog'dates

back to the thirteenth centuryCEin (iermany.ln 1564,
frankfurtersw~re given ,to locals during th~ cor?~a~i~Q ~f
Holy Roman E~p~r~r Ma){imilian H.T~daY. be~i?~p6;k
is the main ingredient of hot dogs, but other versions
are also popular. including chicken and turkey. Each
year, ~ver 350r:nillion pounds of hot d<>gsare purchased,
at ret~il s~~rE!{in~heU.S.That·s nine billio~ a~nu~IIYH·':
Howev~r::~he':~eal:':'~u~~'e:r ~ucA';:gre:ate~ :":~
c~n'~-~med·:'i:~
since the amount of hot dogs eaten at fairs. barbecues and
sporting events is difficult to calculate. But. the National Hot
Dog and Sausage Council estimates that the U.S. consumes about,
20 billion hot dogs per year!

117
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