Republic of the Philippines

SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY

ACCESS, EJC Montilla, Tacurong City

NCM 107: Care of the Mother, Child & Adolescent (Well clients)

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
Standards, MDGs & SDGs

Name of student: DASMARIÑAS, DENYZ ALEXA Q. Crs/Yr/Sec: BSN-2A

ESSAY: Write your answer on the space provided or in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Define the following terminologies used in the Maternal & Child Health reports on:

a. Birth Rate
Birthrate refers to the number of births in a given community, area, or group,
usually expressed as a quantity per 1000 of population.
b. Fertility Rate
Fertility rate or births per woman, refers to the average number of children born
to women during their reproductive years.
c. Neonatal Mortality Rate
Neonatal mortality rate refers to the number of newborns in a specific
geographic area dying on the first 28 days of life.
d. Infant Mortality Rate
The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths under one year of age
occurring in a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 live births.
e. Maternal Mortality Rate
Maternal mortality refers to the number of maternal deaths due to complications
from pregnancy or childbirth, expressed as a ratio to 100,000 live births in the
population being studied.

2. List and describe the top five (5) causes of maternal mortality rate (in the most
recent year).
 Hemorrhage – Bleeding under one of the membranes (the chorion) that
surrounds the embryo inside the uterus is known as a sub chorionic hematoma
or hemorrhage. Early in a pregnancy, bleeding from it is common. Vaginal
bleeding is the major symptom.
 Hypertensive disorder – The onset of hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation
is known as gestational hypertension, formerly known as pregnancy-induced
hypertension or PIH.
 Sepsis – Maternal sepsis is the term for sepsis that develops during pregnancy. It is
known as postpartum sepsis or puerperal sepsis if it manifests within six weeks of
delivery. Sepsis, which is occasionally wrongly referred to as blood poisoning, is the
 Republic of the Philippines
SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY
ACCESS, EJC Montilla, Tacurong City

body's potentially fatal inflammatory response to infection.

 Unsafe abortion – Risks associated with unsafe abortion include pelvic sepsis,
septicemia, bleeding, renal failure, uterine perforation, and other injuries to the
genital system in addition to gastrointestinal complications.
 Obstructed labor – A mismatch between the mother's pelvis and the fetal size,
or more precisely, the size of the presenting region of the fetus..

3. List and describe the top five (5) causes of infant mortality rate (in the most
recent year).
 Neonatal pneumonia – It is a lung infection in a neonate. Onset may be
within hours of birth and part of a generalized sepsis syndrome or after 7
days and confined to the lungs.
 Congenital heart defects – Birth problems that might damage a baby's
heart's structure and function are known as congenital heart defects (CHDs).
The majority of birth defects are of this kind.
 Low birth weight and short gestation – Definition LBWSG is defined as
birth at a gestational age less than the lowest-risk age (38 weeks) and at a
lower birthweight than the lowest-risk weight (3500 grams).
 Newborn respiratory distress syndrome – When a baby's lungs are not
fully grown, they are unable to produce enough oxygen, leading to breathing
difficulties known as newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).
Premature infants are generally affected.
 Newborn sepsis – The body's reaction to an infection results in sepsis, a
dangerous medical disease. A newborn who has an infection and develops
sepsis can have inflammation (swelling) throughout the body, leading to
organ failure.

4. What are the Millennium Development Goals? Give a brief description and
background on the list of MDGs.
Through measurable goals and deadlines, the eight Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) seek to improve the lives of the underprivileged.

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Undernutrition is still one of the most important yet least addressed public health
problems in the world. In poor countries, one-third of children are underweight or
stunted (small for age), and one-third of all child fatalities are related to
undernutrition. This objective typically results in full and productive employment as
well as respectable employment for everybody, including women and young
people.
2. Achieve universal primary education
This goal tends to ensure that children universally – including both boys and girls
– will be able to complete a full course of primary education by 2015.
 Republic of the Philippines
SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY
ACCESS, EJC Montilla, Tacurong City

3. Promote gender equality and empower women

This goal targets to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015.
4. Reduce child mortality
It targets to reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds in the period
between 1990 and 2015. Efforts should be made to improve household food
security and nutrition to increase the chances of children growing to adulthood.
5. Improve maternal health
To reduce the number of maternal deaths, women need access to good-quality
reproductive health care and effective interventions. Hunger and malnutrition
were observed to increase the incidence and fatality rate of the conditions that
contribute to nearly 80 percent of maternal deaths.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
HIV, malaria, and other illnesses have an indirect and direct impact on
agricultural productivity, rural development, and food and nutrition security. This
goal has three targets. To halt by 2015 and have started to reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS.
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
To ensure that people's food demands and other social, economic, and
environmental needs are adequately addressed, it is then crucial to manage the
natural resource base and ecosystems sustainably.
8. Develop a global partnership for development
Some of the targets of this goal is to further develop an open, predictable, rule-
based, non-discriminatory trading and economic system and to address the
special needs of the least developed countries

5. What are the Sustainable Development Goals? Give a brief description and
background on the list of SDGs.
The framework for achieving a better, more sustainable future for everybody is found in
the Sustainable Development Goals. Along with other global difficulties we face, they
address topics like poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation,
peace, and justice. The General Assembly endorsed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, which consists of 17 Sustainable Development Goals, in September
2015.
 Republic of the Philippines
SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY
ACCESS, EJC Montilla, Tacurong City

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal

For people with disabilities, the recently adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development holds great potential. The new Agenda emphasizes a holistic
approach to attaining sustainable development for all, building on the idea of
"leaving no one behind."

SOURCES:

 https://sdgs.un.org/goals
 https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/maternal-mortality/
 https://doh.gov.ph/Statistics/Infant-Mortality-Ten-Leading-Causes
 https://borgenproject.org/maternal-mortality-