9/13/2021

Session outline

In this session we are going to see,

 AC circuit with R alone
 AC circuit with L alone
 AC circuit with C alone
 AC circuit with L and R
 AC circuit with C and R

AC circuit with R alone

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝐶 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒:
V = V sinω𝑡

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑂ℎ𝑚 𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤: V=𝑖𝑅

V
i=
i= = sinω𝑡 𝑅

i = i sinω𝑡 V
=i
𝑅
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑉 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
V
𝑅=
i

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Phasor for ac circuit with R alone

 Phasor: current i and voltage  are in-phase.

 R for ac is the same offered for dc.

Power in ac circuit with R alone

Vi
𝑃= 𝑉 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = V sinω𝑡 i sinω𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = V i sin ω𝑡𝑑𝑡 =
2
Vi
𝑃= =V i
2 2

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AC circuit with L alone

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝐶 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒:
V = V sinω𝑡
𝑑𝑖
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: V = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
V V
𝑑𝑖 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑖 = sinω𝑡𝑑𝑡
𝐿 𝐿
V V V
𝑖 = 𝑑𝑖 = sinω𝑡𝑑𝑡 = i = 𝐿ω = 𝑋
𝐿 𝐿ω i
V
𝑖=− cosω𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑋 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐿ω
𝑖 = 𝑖 (−cosω𝑡) 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑋 𝑖𝑠 ohm ()
𝑖 = 𝑖 sin(ω𝑡 − ) ω 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 (ω = 0)

Phasor for ac circuit with L alone

 Phasor: voltage V is leading current i by /2

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Power in ac circuit with L alone

−V i
𝑃= 𝑉 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = V sinω𝑡 i −cosω𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2ω𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 0
2

𝑃=0

AC circuit with C alone

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝐶 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒:
V = V sinω𝑡
𝑞
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: C=
𝜀
q = CV q = CV sinωtdt
dq
i= = CωV cosωt V V 1
dt =i = =𝑋
1/𝐶ω i 𝐶ω
V
𝑖= cosω𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑋 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑣𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
1/𝐶ω
𝑖 = 𝑖 cosω𝑡 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑋 𝑖𝑠 ohm ()
𝑖 = 𝑖 sin(ω𝑡 + ) ω 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑐 𝑖𝑠 ∞ (ω = 0)

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Phasor for ac circuit with C alone

 Phasor: current i is leading voltage V by /2

Power in ac circuit with C alone

Vi
𝑃= 𝑉 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = V sinω𝑡 i cosω𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2ω𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 0
2

𝑃=0

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𝑉 = 220 𝑉;  = 50 𝐻𝑧; 𝑅 = 100

𝑉 220
𝑖 = = = 2.2 𝐴
𝑅 100
𝑃=𝑉 ×𝑖 = 220 × 2.2 = 484 𝑊

𝜀 300
𝑉 = = = 300 × 0.707 = 212.1 𝑉
2 1.414

𝑖 = 2×𝑖 = 1.414 × 10 = 14.14 𝐴

𝑉 = 220 𝑉;  = 50 𝐻𝑧; 𝐿 = 44 × 10 𝐻
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 220
𝑖 = = = = = 15.9 𝐴
𝑋 𝐿𝜔 𝐿2𝜋 44 × 10 × 2 × ×

𝑉 = 110 𝑉;  = 60 𝐻𝑧; 𝐶 = 60 × 10 𝐹
𝑉 𝑉
𝑖 = = = 𝐶𝜔𝑉 = 𝐶2𝜋𝑉
𝑋 1/𝐶𝜔

𝑖 = 60 × 10 × 2 × 3.14 × 60 × 110 = 2.49 𝐴

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−V i
𝑃= 𝑉 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = V sinω𝑡i (−cosω𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2ω𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 0
2
Vi
𝑃= 𝑉 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = V sinω𝑡 i cosω𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2ω𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 0
2

AC circuit with L and R

𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖

VL
V
tan  =
V


VR i

𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑧
impedence, z = 𝑅 2 + x 2

xL x 𝐿𝜔
x 𝐿𝜔 tan  = =
tan  = = 𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 𝑅

voltage leads currrent by 
R The circuit is inductive.

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AC circuit with C and R

𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜀 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖

 VR i
V
VC tan  =
V

𝑃ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑧
impedence, z = 𝑅 2 + x 2

 R x 1
tan  = =
x 𝑅 𝑅𝐶𝜔
xC tan  =
𝑅
curretn leads voltage by 
The circuit is capacitive

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