9/13/2021

Chapter 7

Alternating Current

Session outline

In this session we are going to see,

 Alternating current and alternating voltage
 Average current or voltage in full cycle
 Average current or voltage in half cycle
 rms and peak current or voltage
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Alternating current

 The polarity of emf or the direction of current is

changing at a frequency (as in SHM).

Average current in full cycle

i
i = i sinω𝑡
∫ i dt
i i =
T T
1
i = i sinω𝑡 dt
T
i
i 𝑇 2𝜋 i = sinω𝑡 dt
i =− cos 𝑇 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 T
2𝜋T 𝑇
i cos ω𝑡 2𝜋
i i =− 𝜔=
𝑇
i =− cos2𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 T 𝜔
2𝜋
i i
i =− 1−1 =0 i =− cos ω𝑡 =0
2𝜋 𝜔T
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Average current in half cycle

i i = i sinω𝑡
/
∫ i dt
i =
i T/2
T/2 /
2
i = i sinω𝑡 dt
T
/
2i
2i T 2𝜋 𝑇 2𝜋 i = sinω𝑡 dt
i =− cos − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0 T
2𝜋T 𝑇 2 𝑇
/
i 2i cos ω𝑡 2𝜋
i =− 𝜔=
i = − cos𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠0 T 𝜔 𝑇
𝜋
i 2 2i / 2
i = − −1 − 1 = i i =− cos ω𝑡 = i
𝜋 𝜋 𝜔T 𝜋

rms value current in full cycle

i i = i sin ω𝑡
2𝜋
𝜔=
∫ i dt 𝑇
i =
i T
T
1
i = i sin ω𝑡 dt
T
i
i i i = sin ω𝑡 dt
i = dt + cos 2ω𝑡dt T
2T 2T
i 1 + cos 2ω𝑡
i i i = dt
i = 𝑇+0= T 2
2T 2
i i
i = = 0.707i i = 1 + cos 2ω𝑡 dt
2 2T
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Meaning of RMS

𝑉
𝐻 = 𝑉 𝑖 𝑡 𝐻 = 𝑖 𝑅 𝑡 𝐻 = 𝑡
𝑅

i
i =I= = 0.707 i
2

Relation between peak and rms values

 The rms voltage for domestic supply is 220v. Find

the peak value of voltage.

V
V = = 0.707V
2
V = 2V

V = 1.414 × 220 = 311.08 v