Average value

The arithmetical average of an alternating quantity over one cycle is called its average value.
Average Value can be determined by Graphical Method or Analytical Method From fig (1)
average value can calculate by using graphical method as.

Areaunder one cycle

I avg=
Base length

I 1+ I 2 +… … .+ I n
I avg=
n

I4
Curr I3
ent I2 In-1
(A) In
I1

Time (S)
Fig. 1. Current wave form

I 1+ I 2 +… … .+ I n
I avg=
n

RMS value
The effective or RMS value of an alternating current is the steady current (D.C) which when
flowing through a given resistance for a given time produces the same amount of heat as
produced by a alternating current when flowing through the same resistance for the same time.

√
T
1 2
I= ∫ i dt
T 0
 1. Derive Average Value, RMS value, Form factor and Peak factor for a Pure sinusoidal
wave

i
Im
 2

Average Value 1
T
I avg= ∫ idt
T 0
л
1
I avg=
л0
∫ I m sin ωt d ωt
л
Im
I avg= ∫ sin ωt d ωt
л 0
Im
I avg= [ sin ωt ]0л
л

Im
I avg= [−cos л−(−cos 0)]
л

Im
I avg= [−(−1)−(−1) ]
л

2Im
I avg=
л

RMS value
The effective or RMS value of an alternating current is the steady current (D.C) which when
flowing through a given resistance for a given time produces the same amount of heat as
produced by a alternating current when flowing through the same resistance for the same time.

√
T
1 2
i=I msin ωt
I= ∫ i dt
T 0

√
2л
1
I= ∫
2л 0
2 2
I m sin ωt d ωt

√
2л
1
I= ∫ I m2 sin2 ωt d ωt
2л 0
 √
2 2л
Im
I=
2л
∫ 1−cos2 2 ωt d ωt
0

√ [ ]
2л 2л
I m2
I=
4л
∫ d ωt−∫ cos 2 ωt d ωt
0 0

I=
√ I m2 2 л
[ 1 ] −[ sin 2 ωt ] 20 л
4л 0

I=
√ I m2 [ ( 2 л−0)−0 ]
4л

I=
√ I m2
4

Im
I=
√2

Form Factor (FF)

RMS Value
Form Factor=
Average Value
Im л
Form Factor= x
√2 2 I m
Form Factor=1.11

Peak Factor (PF) or Crest Factor

MaximumValue
Peak Factor=
RMS Value

Peak Factor=I m x √2
Im
Peak Factor=1. 4 1 4