Statistics and Probability

What is Statistics?
Statistics is the discipline
that concerns the collection,
organization, presentation of
data, analysis, and
interpretation.

COPAI
Collecting data?
Observation
Interview
Questionnaires
Survey
Case study
Organizing data?

 Ungrouped data
 Grouped data
Scores of 50 students in General Mathematics
Scores Frequency
10 5
9 10
8 4
7 3
6 7
5 1
4 11
3 4
2 2
1 3
Scores of 50 students in General Mathematics

Scores Frequency
10 - 9 15
8-7 7
6-5 8
4-3 15
2-1 5
 Presenting data?
Textual
Tabular
graphical
 Measures of Central Tendency
 A measure of central tendency is
a single value that attempts to
describe a set of data by
identifying the central position
within that set of data.
The mean (or average) is the most popular and well
known measure of central tendency.

The median is the middle value. It is the value that splits the
dataset in half.

The mode is the most frequent score in our data set.

E G A S
E V T N
E

G A S
E V T N
E V E N T

G A S
I R E M P
E X T E N
E E E

I R M P
X T N
E X P E R I M E N T
I O E C P
T O U E M
O O

I E C P
T U E M
O U T C O M E

I E P
I L E C P
T S U A M
S E

I L C P
T U A M
S A M P L E

I C
T U
I L E C P
T S U A M
S E

I L C P
T U A M
S P A C E

I L
T U M
 Experiment
An EXPERIMENT is any activity
with an observable result.
Tossing a coin, rolling a die or
choosing a card are all
considered experiments.
Event
An EVENT is a subset of the
sample space.
Sample Space
The set of all possible
outcomes or sample points of
an experiment is called the
SAMPLE SPACE.
Outcome
An OUTCOME (or SAMPLE
POINT) is the result of a the
experiment.
 Tossing a coin  Experiment
 In tossing a coin, what are the
chances of getting a head?  Event
 In tossing a coin, the result is
head.  Outcome
 In tossing a coin, we could get
Heads or Tails.  Sample Space
 Sample Space
 Tossing a coin

Head Tail

Sample Space = { H, T }
 Sample Space
 Rolling a die

Sample Space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

 Sample Space
 Drawing 1 card in a 52 deck card.

Sample Space = {All 52 card}

 Sample Space
 Tossing three coins
Possible Outcomes
HHH TTH
H-head
HHT THT
T-tail
HTH HTT
THH TTT
Sample Space = {HHH, HHT, HTH,
THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}
 Sample Space
 Rolling a die and tossing a coins
simultaneously
Sample Space = {1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 1T,
2T, 3T, 4T, 5T, 6T}
Probability
Probability is the chance that something will happen. 
 Getting an Even number in a single roll of a
die.

31
62
Getting an Even number in a single roll of a
die.

Total number of favorable outcome of an

event

Total number of possible outcome.