Ciencia Ingeniería Ecuaciones Diferenciales con Problemas de Valores en la Frontera (9th Edition)

Ejercicio 17
Capítulo 3, sección 3-1, página 92

Ecuaciones Diferenciales con Problemas de Valores en la Frontera

ISBN: 9786075266305
Índice

Solución Verificado

Paso 1 1 de 4

We have a thermometer used to measure the temperature in an oven preheated to a constants temperature Tove , ​

and this temperature of thermometer increases at a rate proportional to the difference between thermometer's
temperature T and oven temperature Tove as ​

dT
= k (T − Tove )
​ ​ (1)
dt
​

with the conditions

T (t = 0 mins) = 70° F
T (t = 0.5 mins) = 110° F ​

T (t = 1 mins) = 145° F

and we have to obtain the temperature of oven Tove as the following technique :
​

First, since equation (1) is a linear and separable differential equation, then we can separate variables and
integrate as

dT
= k dt
T − Tove
​

1
∫ dT = k ∫ dt
T − Tove
​

ln(T − Tove ) = kt + c1
​

​ ​

eln(T −Tove ) = e(kt+c1 )

​ ​

T − Tove = ekt ec1 ​

​

Then we have

T = ekt ec1 + Tove ​

kt
= c e + Tove (2)
​ ​ ​

​
Paso 2 2 de 4

Second, now to find the constants c and k , we have to apply the given conditions as the following :

we have to apply the point (T , t) = (70° F , 0 minutes) into equation (2) as

70 = c e0 + Tove ​

Then we have

c = 70 − Tove
​
​

After that, substitute with the value of c into equation (2), then we have

T = (70 − Tove ) ekt + Tove ​ ​

​
(3) ​

And we have to apply the point (T , t) = (110° F , 0.5 minutes) into equation (3) as

110 = (70 − Tove ) e0.5k + Tove ​ ​

0.5k
110 − Tove = (70 − Tove ) e ​ ​

110 − Tove
​ ​

e0.5k = (a)
​

70 − Tove
​

Also, we have to apply the point (T , t) = (145° F , 1 minutes) into equation (3) as

145 = (70 − Tove ) ek + Tove ​ ​

0.5k
145 − Tove = (70 − Tove ) e ​ ​

145 − Tove
​ ​

ek = (b)
​

70 − Tove
​

Paso 3 3 de 4

By comparing between the two equations (a) and (b), we can have
2
ek = e(k)
2
145 − Tove 110 − Tove
=( )
​ ​

70 − Tove 70 − Tove
​ ​

​ ​

145 − Tove
(110 − Tove )2 = (70 − Tove )2 ×
​ ​

70 − Tove
​ ​ ​

(110 − Tove )2 = (70 − Tove ) × (145 − Tove )

​ ​ ​

2 2
12, 100 − 220 Tove + Tove
​ = 10, 150 − 70 Tove − 145 Tove + Tove
​ ​ ​ ​

Then we have

5 Tove = 1, 950 ​

Then we can obtain the temperature of oven as

1, 950
Tove =
5
​ ​

​ ​

= 390° C

Resultado 4 de 4

Toven = 390° C ​ ​
 Valora esta solución
Ejercicio 16 Ejercicio 18a

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