International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)

Volume 4, Issue 5 May 2022, pp: 917-920 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

Volterra Integral Equations of First Kind

by Using Anuj Transform
1
D. P. Patil1, G. K. Tile2, P. D. Shinde3
Professor, Department of Mathematics, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Nashik.
2,3
M.Sc. Student, Department of Mathematics, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce and A.M. Science College, Nashik.
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Submitted: 10-05-2022 Revised: 15-05-2022 Accepted: 18-05-2022
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ABSTRACT: Volterra Integral equations occurs in January 2022. For the function f(t), Anuj transform
variety of branches like Physics, Chemistry, is denoted and defined as
∞ 1
Biology and Engineering. These equations have − t
been solved by using Laplace Transform, Sumudu Λ f(t) = f p = p2 e p f t dt , p
0
Transform, Sawi Transform, Tarig Transform, >0 (1.3)
Aboodh Transform and Kamal Transform. In this Where Λ denotes the Anuj transform operator
paper we use recently developed Anuj Transform Recently in September 2021 Kushare and Patil
for solving linear Volterra integral equations of [4] introduced Kushare transform, for simplifying the
first kind. Some problems are solved by using Anuj process of obtaining solution of ordinary and partial
transform, this shows that Anuj transform is useful differential equations in the time domain, many
and effective for solving such equations. researchers are interested to use newly developed integral
Keywords: Integral transform, Anuj transform, transform in various fields. Some of them are as follows,
Sudhanshu Aggarwal et al [5] used Kamal transform to
Volterra integral equations of first kind,
solve linear Volterra integral equation of first kind.
Convolution theorem. Recently, in January 2022 R. S. Sanap and D. P. Patil [6]
AMS 2010: 45D05, 45E10, 65R10, 65R20. obtain the solution of Newton’s Law of Cooling by using
Kushare transform. In October 2021 Sawi transform used
I. INTRODUCTION: in Bessel function by D. P. Patil[7] further Sawi
Linear Volterra integral equation of first kind is of the transform of Error function is used to evaluate improper
form [1] integral by D. P. Patil [8]. Patil [9] used Laplace and
f x Shehu transform in Chemical Sciences, Sawi transform
x
and its convolution theorem is applied to solve wave
= K x, t u t dt (1.1) equation by Patil [10]. Further, D. P. Patil [11] used
0
Here K(x, t) is Kernel, u is unknown function and f(x) is Mahgoub transform for getting the solution OR Parabolic
real valued function. A linear Volterra integral equation boundary value problems. Patil [12] also used double
is a convolution equation, if it has form Laplace and double Sumudu transform to solve the wave
f x equation. Dualities between various double integral
t transforms are obtained by D. P. Patil [13]. Laplace,
= K t − s u s ds (1.2) Elzaki and Mahgoub transforms are used for solving
t0 system of first order and first-degree differential
Vito-Volterra introduced these equations in 1908, Further equations by Kushare and Patil [14]. Dr. Patil [15] also
TraianLolescu studied these equations on his thesis used Aboodh and Mahgoub transform in boundary value
Volterra integral equations has many applications in problems of system ordinary differential equations
various fields like demography, study of Viscoelastic recently in April 2022, Nikam, Shirsath, Aher and Patil
material and acturialscience through the renewal [16] used Kushare transform in growth and decay
equations, are some of the fields. Nowadays, many problems. Patil [17] compared Laplace, Sumudu,
researchers are engaged in introducing various types of Aboodh, Elzaki and Mahgoub transform in evaluating
integral transforms. Recently, in October 2021 S. S. boundary value problems. Further Patil [18] used double
Khakale and D. P. Patil [2] introduced Soham transform, Mahgoub transform for solving parabolic boundary value
which is defined for the function as problems.
1 ∞ −v α t In this paper we use Anuj transform for solving
Sf t =P v =e f t dt
v 0 the linear Volterra integral equations of first kind. Paper
Where α is non zero real number. is organized as follows, in second section definition of
Anuj transform is given. Anuj transform of some
Anuj transform is introduced by Anuj Kumar,
functions are included in third section. Fourth section is
Shikha Bansal and Sudhanshu Aggarwal [3] in devoted for the properties of Anuj transform of
derivative. fifth section is for Anuj transform of

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0405917920 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 917
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 5 May 2022, pp: 917-920 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

derivative of functions. Inverse of Anuj transform is The Anuj transform of a piecewise continuous
explained in sixth section. In seventh section Anuj exponential order function F(t),
transform is applied to linear Volterra integral equations t ≥ 0 is given by
of first Kind. Some applications are in eighth section and ∞ 1
− t
conclusion is drawn in last section. Λ F t = p2 F(t)e p dt = f p ,
0
II. DEFINATION OF ANUJ p>0 (2.1)
Here Λ denotes the Anuj transform operator.
TRANSFORM [3]

III. ANUJ TRANSFORM OF FREQUENTLY USED FUNCTIONS

1
IV. SOME OPERATIONAL 𝛬 𝐹1 𝑡 ∗ 𝐹2 𝑡 = 𝛬 𝐹1 𝑡 ꓥ 𝐹2 𝑡 =
𝑝2
PROPERTIES OF ANUJ 1
𝑓
𝑝2 1
𝑝 𝑓2 𝑝 , where convolution of 𝐹1 𝑡 and 𝐹2 𝑡 is
TRANSFORM
denoted by 𝐹1 𝑡 ∗ 𝐹2 𝑡 and it is defined by
In this section we state some properties of Anuj 𝑡 𝑡
transform. 𝐹1 𝑡 ∗ 𝐹2 𝑡 = 0 𝐹1 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝐹2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 0 𝐹1 𝑢 𝐹2 𝑡 −
4.1 Linearity Property of Anuj Transform 𝑢𝑑𝑢.
If Anuj transform of functions 𝐹1 𝑡 and 𝐹2 𝑡 are 𝑓1 𝑝 V. ANUJ TRANSFORM OF
and 𝑓2 (𝑝) respectively then Anuj transform of 𝑙𝐹1 𝑡 + DERIVATIVES OF FUNCTION
𝑚𝐹2𝑡 is given by 𝑙𝑓1𝑝+𝑚𝑓2(𝑝),where 𝑙,𝑚 are arbitrary If 𝛬 𝐹 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑝 then
constants. 1
a) 𝛬 𝐹 ′ 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑝 − 𝑝2 𝐹 0
4.2 Scale Property of Anuj Transform 𝑝
1 1
If 𝛬 𝐹(𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑝) then 𝛬 𝐹(𝑘𝑡) = 3 𝑓(𝑘𝑝). b) 𝛬 𝐹 ′′ (𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑝) − 𝑝𝐹(0) − 𝑝 2 𝐹′(0)
𝑘 𝑝2
1
c) 𝛬 𝐹 ′′′ 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑝 − 𝐹 0 − 𝑝𝐹′(0) −
4.3 Translation Property of Anuj Transform 𝑝3

If 𝛬 𝐹(𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑝)then 𝛬 𝑒 𝑘𝑡 𝐹(𝑡) = (1 − 𝑝2 𝐹′′(0)

𝑘𝑝)2𝑓𝑝1−𝑘𝑝.
4.4 Convolution Property of Anuj Transform
If 𝛬 𝐹1 (𝑡) = 𝑓1 (𝑝) and 𝛬 𝐹2 𝑡 = 𝑓2 𝑝 then
VI. INVERSE ANUJ TRANSFORM
The inverse Anujtransform of 𝑓 𝑝 , designated by
𝛬−1 {𝑓 𝑝 }, is another function 𝐹 𝑡 having the property
that 𝛬{𝐹 𝑡 } = 𝑓 𝑝 . Here𝛬−1 denotes the inverse Anuj
transform operator.

6.1 INVERSE ANUJ TRANSFORM OF FREQUENTLY USED FUNCTIONS

6.2. LINEARITY PROPERTY OF INVERSE 𝛬−1 𝑙 𝑓1 𝑝 + 𝑚𝑓2 𝑝

ANUJ TRANSFORM = 𝛬−1 𝑙 𝑓1 𝑝 + 𝑚𝛬−1 { 𝑓2 𝑝 }
−1 −1
If 𝛬 𝑓1 𝑝 = 𝐹1 𝑡 and 𝛬 𝑓2 𝑝 = 𝐹2 𝑡 then

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0405917920 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 918
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 5 May 2022, pp: 917-920 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

⟹ 𝛬−1 𝑙 𝑓1 𝑝 + 𝑚 𝑝 = 𝑙 𝐹1 𝑡 + 𝑚 𝐹2 𝑡 , where 𝑝4 𝑝
𝑙, 𝑚 are arbitrary constants. ⟹ = 𝛬{𝜇 𝑡 }
1 + 𝑝2 1−𝑝
In general, 𝛬−1 { 𝑛𝑖=1 𝑙𝑖 𝑓𝑖 (𝑝)} = 𝑛𝑖=1 𝑙𝑖 𝛬−1 𝑓𝑖 𝑝 , 𝑝 4
1−𝑝
where 𝑙𝑖 are arbitrary constants. ⟹𝛬 𝜇 𝑡 =
1 + 𝑝2 𝑝
𝑝 3 (1 − 𝑝)
VII. ANUJ TRANSFORM FOR ⟹ 𝛬𝜇 𝑡 =
1 + 𝑝2
SOLVING LINEAR VOLTERRA ⟹ 𝛬 𝜇 𝑡
INTEGRALEQUATION OF FIRST 𝑝3
=
KIND WITH CONVOLUTION TYPE 1 + 𝑝2
KERNEL 𝑝4
− (8.3)
The linear Volterra integral equation of first kind with 1 + 𝑝2
convolution type Kernel is given by After operating inverse Anuj transform on equation (8.3),
𝑡 the required solution of equation (8.1) obtain and it is
𝜃 𝑡 = 0 𝐾 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢(7.1)
given by
Where
𝜇 𝑡 is 𝑝3 𝑝4
𝜇 𝑡 = 𝛬−1 −
𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜n,𝜃 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 and 1 + 𝑝2 1 + 𝑝2
𝑝 3 𝑝4
𝐾 𝑡 − 𝑢 is 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑙
⟹ 𝜇 𝑡 = 𝛬−1 − 𝛬 −1
Operating Anuj Transform on equation (7.1), we get 1 + 𝑝2 1 + 𝑝2
𝑡
𝛬𝜃 𝑡 = 𝛬{ 𝐾 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢} 𝜇 𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
0
⟹ 𝛬 𝜃 𝑡 = 𝛬{𝐾 𝑡 ∗ 𝜇 𝑡 } (7.2) Application:2
Using convolution theorem in equation (7.2), we have Consider the following linear Volterra integral equation
1 of first kind with convolution type kernel
𝛬 𝜃 𝑡 = 2 𝛬 𝐾 𝑡 𝛬{𝜇 𝑡 } 𝑡2
𝑝
𝛬{𝜃 𝑡 } 𝑡
𝛬 𝜇 𝑡 = 𝑝2 (7.3) = 𝑡
𝛬{𝐾 𝑡 }
0
After operating inverse Anuj transform on equation (7.3),
− 𝑢 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (8.4)
the required solution of equation (7.1) obtain and it is
Operating Anuj transform on equation (8.4), weget
given by 𝑡
1
𝛬{𝜃 𝑡 } 𝛬 𝑡2 = 𝛬 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜇 𝑡 = 𝛬−1 𝑝2 2 0
𝛬{𝐾 𝑡 } 5
2𝑝
1
VIII. APPLICATIONS: = 𝛬𝑡
2
In this section, we give some applicationsof ∗ 𝜇(𝑡) (8.5)
Anuj transform in Volterra integral equations of first Using convolution theorem in equation (8.5), we get
kind.This demonstrates the effectiveness of Anuj 1
transform for solving linear Volterra integral equation of 4𝑝 5 = 2 𝛬 𝑡 𝛬 𝜇(𝑡)
𝑝
first kind. 1
⟹ 4𝑝 5 = 2 𝑝 4 𝛬{𝜇 𝑡 }
𝑝
Application:1
⟹ 4𝑝 5 = 𝑝 2 𝛬{𝜇 𝑡 }
Consider the following linear Volterra integral equation
⟹ 𝛬 𝜇 𝑡 = 4𝑝3 (8.6)
of first kind with convolution type kernel
After operating inverse Anuj transform on equation (8.6),
𝑠i𝑛𝑡
𝑡 the required solution of equation (8.4) obtain and it is
= 𝑒 𝑡−𝑢 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (8.1) given by
0 𝜇 𝑡 = 4𝛬−1 𝑝3
Operating Anuj transform on equation (8.1), we get 𝜇 𝑡 =4 1
𝑡
𝑡−𝑢 𝜇 𝑡 = 4
ꓥ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝛬 𝑒 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
0
𝑝4 Application:3
⟹ Consider the following linear Volterra integral equation
1 + 𝑝2
= 𝛬 𝑒𝑡 of first kind with convolution type kernel
𝑡
∗ 𝜇(𝑡) (8.2) 𝑡 = 𝑒 −(𝑡−𝑢) 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (8.7)
Using convolution theorem in equation (8.2), we have 0
𝑝4 1 Operating Anuj transform on equation (8.7), we get
= 2 𝛬 𝑒 𝑡 ꓥ{𝜇 𝑡 } 𝑡
1 + 𝑝2 𝑝 𝛬𝑡 = 𝛬 𝑒 −(𝑡 − 𝑢) 𝜇 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑝4 1 𝑝3 0
⟹ 2
= 2 𝛬{𝜇 𝑡 }
1+𝑝 𝑝 1−𝑝

DOI: 10.35629/5252-0405917920 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 919
 International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM)
Volume 4, Issue 5 May 2022, pp: 917-920 www.ijaem.net ISSN: 2395-5252

⟹ 𝑝4 [4]. S. R. Kushare, D. P. Patil and A. M. Takate, The new

= 𝛬 𝑒 −𝑡 integral transform, “Kushare transform”, International
Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management,
∗ 𝜇(𝑡) (8.8)
vol.3, Issue 9, Sept. 2019, pp. 1589-1592.
Using convolution theorem in equation (8.8), we have [5]. Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Nidhi Sharma and Raman
1
𝑝4 = 2 𝛬 𝑒 −𝑡 𝛬 𝜇(𝑡) Chauhan, Applications of Kamal transform for solving
𝑝 linear Volterra integral equations of first kind,
4
1 𝑝3 International Journal of Research in Advent technology,
⟹ 𝑝 = 2 𝛬 𝜇(𝑡) Vol.6, No.8, Aug 2018, pp. 2081-2088.
𝑝 1 + 𝑝
[6]. R. S. Sanap and D. P. Patil, Kushare integral transform
𝑝
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the required solution of equation (8.7) obtain and it is June 2021, pp.41-65.
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μ t = Λ−1 p3 + p4 Chemical Sciences, Aayushi International,
Interdisciplinary Research Journal, special Issue No.88,
⟹ μ t = Λ−1 p3 + Λ−1 p4 pp.437-441.
⟹ μ t = 1 + t [10]. D. P. Patil, Sawi transform and Convolution theorem
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Application:4 Journal of Research and Development Vol.11, Issue 14,
Consider the following linear Volterra integral equation June 2021, pp.133-136.
of first kind with convolution type kernel [11]. D. P. Patil, Applications of Mahgoub transform in
t parabolic boundary value problems, International
t = 0 μ u du (8.10) Journal of current Advanced Research, Vol.9, Issue
Operating Anuj transform on equation (8.10), we get 4(c), April 2020, pp.21949-21957.
t [12]. D. P. Patil, Solution of wave equation by double
Λt = Λ μ u du Laplace and double Sumudu transform, Vidyabharati
0 International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, Special
⟹ p4 = Λ 1 ∗ μ(t) (8.11) Issue IVCIMS 2021, Aug 2021, pp.135-138.
Using convolution theorem in equation (8.11), we have [13]. D. P. Patil, Dualities between double integral
1 transforms, International Advanced Journal in Science,
p4 = 2 Λ 1 Λ μ(t)
p Engineering and Technology, Vol.7, Issue 6, June 2020,
1 pp.74-82.
⟹ p4 = 2 p3 Λ μ(t) [14]. S. R. Kushare, D. P. Patil, A. M. Takate, comparison
p between Laplace, Elzaki and Mahgoub transform for
⟹ p4 = p Λ μ(t) solving system of first order and first degree differential
p4 equations, Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary
⟹ Λμ t = Research Journal special Issue IVCIMS, Aug 2021, pp.
p
139-144.
⟹ Λ μ t = p3 (8.12) [15]. D. P. Patil, Aboodh and Mahgoub transform in
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(8.12), the required solution of equation (8.10) obtain and differential equations, International Journal of
it is given by Advanced Research in Science, Communication and
μ t = Λ−1 p3 Technology, Vol.6, Issue 1, June 2021, pp.67-75.
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and decay, Journal of Engineering Technologies and
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[17]. D. P. Patil, comparative study of Laplace, Sumudu,
Aboodh, Elzaki and Mahgoub transform and
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DOI: 10.35629/5252-0405917920 Impact Factor value 7.429 | ISO 9001: 2008 Certified Journal Page 920