Ciencia Ingeniería Ecuaciones Diferenciales con Problemas de Valores en la Frontera (9th Edition)

Ejercicio 19
Capítulo 3, sección 3-1, página 93

Ecuaciones Diferenciales con Problemas de Valores en la Frontera

ISBN: 9786075266305
Índice

Solución Verificado

Paso 1 1 de 4

We have a dead body is placed in a room with a temperature Tm = 70° F , and this temperature of body increases
​

at a rate proportional to the difference between body's temperature T and room temperature Tm as ​

dT
= k (T − Tm )
​ ​ (1)
dt
​ ​

with the conditions

T (t = 0 hours) = 98.6° F
T (t = t1 hours) = 85° F
​

T (t = t1 + 1 hours) = 80° F
​

where t1 is the time at which the body is discovered, and we have to obtain the number of hours elapsed (i.e t1 )
​ ​

before the body was found as the following technique :

First, since equation (1) is a linear and separable differential equation, then we can separate variables and
integrate as

dT
= k dt
T − Tm
​

1
∫ dT = k ∫ dt
T − 70°
​

ln(T − 70° ) = kt + c1
​

°
eln(T −70 ) = e(kt+c1 ) ​

° kt c1
T − 70 = e e ​

Then we have

T = ekt ec1 + 70° ​

= c ekt + 70° (2)

​ ​ ​
Paso 2 2 de 4

Second, now to find the constants c and k , we have to apply the given conditions as the following :

we have to apply the point (T , t) = (98.6° F , 0 hours) into equation (2) as

98.6° = c e0 + 70°
c e0 = 98.6 − 70
​

Then we have

c = 28.6°
​ ​

After that, substitute with the value of c into equation (2), then we have

T = 28.6 ekt + 70°

​ ​
(3) ​

And we have to apply the point (T , t) = (85° F , t1 hours) into equation (3) as
​

85° = 28.6 ekt1 + 70° ​

85 − 70 = 28.6 ekt1 ​

15 = 28.6 ekt1 ​

15
ekt1 = ​

28.6
​

Then we have

15
kt1 = ln ( ) (a)
28.6
​ ​

​ ​ ​

Also, we have to apply the point (T , t) = (80° F , t1 + 1 hours) into equation (3) as
​

80° = 28.6 ek(t1 +1) + 70° ​

80 − 70 = 28.6 ek(t1 +1) ​

10 = 28.6 ekt1 ​

10
ek(t1 +1) = ​

28.6
​

Then we have

15
k(t1 + 1) = ln ( ) (b)
28.6
​ ​

​ ​ ​
 Paso 3 3 de 4

Then we have to solve the two equation (a) and (b) by subtracting (a) from (b) as

10 15
k(t1 + 1) − kt1 = ln ( ) − ln ( )
28.6 28.6
​ ​ ​ ​

10 15
kt1 + k − kt1 = ln ( ) − ln ( )
​

28.6 28.6
​ ​ ​ ​

Then we have

10 15
k = ln ( ) − ln ( )
28.6 28.6
​ ​

​
= −1.0508 − (−0.64535) ​

= −1.0508 + 0.64535
= −0.405

Finally, to find the value of t1 , substitute with the value of k

​ = −0.405 into equation (a), then we have
15
−0.405 t1 = ln ( )
28.6
​ ​

Then we have

15
) ln (
28.6
​

t1 =
−0.405
​ ​

​ ​

= 1.59 hours

is the required time.

Resultado 4 de 4

t1 = 1.59 hours ​ ​

Valora esta solución

Ejercicio 18b Ejercicio 20

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