ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

TOPIC: Statement of the Problem

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learner must be able to:
a. demonstrates understanding of the specificity and feasibility of the problem posed;
b. formulates clearly the statement of research problem; and
c. present written statement of the problem

Concepts Notes
Statement of the Problem
brief overview of the issues or existing in the concerned area of the research.
focal point of the research
presents the problems or subjects to be resolved and exposed.
Two major components
1. The objective or purpose – a statement of a long-term target or goal to be achieved by the study.
2. Research questions – refer to the specific questions to be answered in the study.
Criteria for Research Problem Statements:
The statement of the problem should clearly indicate what is to be investigated.
The actual statement may be in a declarative or in a question form.
The statement should indicate the variables of interest and the specific relationship between the
variables that are to be studied.
Elements of Statement of the Problem:
● Main task
● Main variables
● Participants
● Setting
● Coverage Date
● Intended outputs
Example:
The research aims to identify the significant relationship between study habits and academic
performance of Grade 12 senior high school ABM students at Arellano University Manila Campus for
the school year 2020-2021
1. Main task- to identify
2. Main variables- study habits, academic performance
3. Participants-Grade 12 ABM students
4. Setting- Arellano University Manila Campus
5. Coverage Date-2020-2021
6. Intended outputs-possible answer
See how the research title is aligned to the research goal and research questions.
The concepts or variables mentioned in the title will be directly elaborated in the research questions.

Formulating Research Questions in the Statement of the Problem

The specific format of formulating research questions differs based on the level of the
researchers and the prescribed standard given by an institution or organization.

Points to Remember:
● Questions or statements should be not less than three and more than five (3-5).
● The questions are directly and literally formulated from the research title.
● The questions follow a logical and chronological sequence.
● Questions can be answered only when a prior question is answered.
● Specific to general

⮚ First question should refer to the profile of the respondents (esp. quantitative)

⮚ Second or up to third question should refer to the main variables or subject of the research

⮚ Last question refers to the generating or concluding question of the research

References
a. Module in Practical Research 2 Quantitative Research; Dr. Ruel C. Rodil, Dr.Rafael I. Balignasay
Jr., Dr. Eduardo O. Dela Cruz
b. Practical Research 2; Esther L. Baraceros
 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
TOPIC: Research Instruments: Formulating Questionnaires
OBJECTIVES:
a. Demonstrate understanding of research instrument,
b. Distinguish research questionnaire composition; and
c. draft a research questionnaire for execution.

Research Instrument
Measurement tools designed to obtain data on a topic of interest from research subjects. (EBSCO
Help, 2017)Generic term that researchers use for a measurement device (survey, test, questionnaire,
etc.). (Biddix, 2017)
Selecting Research Instrument
Instrument should be aligned to the general design of the study.
Qualitative research expects open-ended and general answers from interviews and observations etc.
Quantitative assumes objective and close-ended.
Guidelines in Formulating Research Questionnaires (Likert Scale)

 Statements should be directly aligned to the statement of the problem

 Profile of the respondents could be filled-in or checked if 2-3 possible are given
o e.g.
o Age _____ or;
o Age: 16___ 17____ 18____
 Necessary details affecting research findings should only be asked for the profile.
 If age and gender would not give significant effects to the research or not mentioned in the
scope, then it should be eliminated.
Example of Statement of the Problem:
Topic:IMPLICATION OF FAMILY CONFLICTS TOWARDS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
STUDENTS
What is the profile of respondents in terms of:
1. 1. Age
1. 2. Gender
Example of questions to be filled in your questionnaire by your respondents:
● Name (optional):
● Age:
● Gender:
Use 1st (I) person pronouns and present tense statements, considering the respondents point-of view.
Scaling should only be in 4 levels to discourage average or mediocre answers from the respondents.
Example of Statement of the Problem:
Topic: IMPLICATION OF FAMILY CONFLICTS TOWARDS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
OF STUDENTS
2. Were family conflicts greatly affects academic performance of the students in terms of:
2.1. Task compliance
2.2. Concentration during discussion
2.3. Grades
 LIKERT SCALE
Questions
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly
Disagree

1. I am not able to comply ✔

with the homework/task
assigned by the teacher.

2. I cannot concentrate well ✔

during class discussion.

3. I often got lower ✔

grades/scores in activities,
quizzes and other tasks.

Example of statements found in a research questionnaire:

NOTE: A request letter to the respondents, noted by the research adviser, should be attached before
the actual questionnaire.
Sample of consent / letter to your respondents before conducting the survey questionnaire.

March 4, 2020

To Whom it May Concern

We, the researchers from HUMMS 12-1P, would like to ask permission to present our video
campaign and to fill out the survey questionnaire with your kindest and sincerest answer. This study
entitled “Influence of Online Games to the Academic Status of the Students of GAS 12=2P” aims to
determine the positive and negative influence of the online games to the academic performance of
the students.

Thank you for the cooperation. God Bless!

RESEARCHERS:

REMINDER: When doing your questionnaires make sure to reiterate the research goal before the
questions. Each question should be from specific to general as you wrote the SOP.
REFERENCES
Module in Practical Research 2 Quantitative Research; Dr. Ruel C. Rodil, Dr.Rafael I. Balignasay Jr.,
Dr. Eduardo O. Dela Cruz
Practical Research 2; Esther L. Baraceros