M - B Pages 1 61

I 03{ - MASS AilD BAL/AI'ICE
Qrrrnzorrxcrr,*t
O3I.O' INTRODUGTIONTO MASS AND BALANCE
031-01-01
MassLimitations
916.
The
whenit
knots. If the mass of the aeroplaneis
&$
I 941.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
attackis used,dragandrangewill
B) unaffectedas Vs alwaysoccursal
I For a conventional,nose tricycle gear aircraft config-

uration,the higherthe take-offmass:
of attack
C) increased to 191knots,dragwill
distance per kg of fuel will
l) Manoeuverabilityis reduced, D) increasedto 191knots,drag
2) Rangewill decreasebul endurancewill Increase. tance per kg of iuelwill
3) Glidingrangewill reduce.
4) Stallingspeedwill increase. 12213.
I qre corect.
A) All statements At an aeroplane
B) Statement3 onlyis correcl. departs from an airfi limiting tor ei-
C) Statements1 and4 are correct. ther take-off or Duringinitialclimb
D) Statement the numbsrone a containeddisinte-
4 onlyis conecl.
I rr/961.
'
(atR:atpt,cpt;)
When consideringthe effects of increasedmass on
gration.An
returnsto
The most
and ths agroplane
for an immediate landing.
this actionwill be:
I an aeroplane,which of the following is true?

A) Flightendurancewill be increased
B) Stallingspeedswill be lower
A)a fromthe increasedangleof
the veryhighaeroplanemass
speedandpossible
failure
undercarriage
or
I
C) Gradientof climbfor a,given powersettingwill be esholdspeedand a shorterstopdistance
higher furtheralongthe runwaythannorma
D) Stallingspeedswill be higher
I 991.(AlR:atpl,cpl; )
If an aeroplaneis at a higher mass than
for a given airspeedthe angle of attackwill:
a violent avoidance manoeuvre, a light twin air-
certifiedto FAR 23 rsquirementswas subjectsd
to an instantaneousload factor ot 4.2.The Flight Man-
I A) remainconstant,drag will decreaseand

will decrease
B) be decreased,
incteage
dragwilldecrease
ual specifiesthat the aircraft is c€ftifiedln the normal
categoryfor a load factot of -1.9to +3.8,Consldering
the certificationrequirementsandtaklng Into account
that the manufacturerof the twln did not includg,dur-
I C) be greater,dragwill increase
crease
D) remainconstant,dragwill
lng its conception, a supplementarymargin In the
llight envelope,it might be possibleto obssrve:
A) ruptureof one or moreslrucluralcomponents
will increase
I y'994.(AlR:atpl,cpl; )
Fuel loaded onto an kg but is erro-
B) a permanentdeformation of lhe structure
C) an elasticdeformationwhilstthe loadwas applied,
but no permanentdistortion
D) no distortion,permanentor temporaryof the struc-
I fr'
flt,,
neouslyentered
kg. This effor is
they will notice
trim sheetas 14500
by the flight crew but
{)
ture
: 12326. (AlR:atpl,cpl;)
lf an extraload is loadedinto an alrcraftthe stall soeed
I
"r'I A) Vl will thanexpecled
B) be higherthanexpected is likely to:
c) v1 '
A) Slaythe same
D) rotatemuchearlierthanexDected B) Decrease
I C) Increase
D) Changedependingon whetherthe loadwas placed
FWDorAFT of the C of G
I
t__
JAA TEST PREP SERIES
- \$vnrf;f,ffr+oo
20075. (AlRi atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpt)
effects on perfor- Over-loading
wouldresultin;
A) a decreasein stallingspeed
A) Increased
takeoff
landin
ffitr"ffiW.€€ir??
consu
&X*rig*rts rqssrvsd
031-01-02
CG Iimitations
877.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpt) 899,.(AlR:atpl, cpl; )
Which of the followingstatementsis correct? lf the centreof gravity of an aeroplane
A) Thestation(STA)is alwaysthe locationofthe centre duringflight the elevatorcontrol will:
of gravityin relationto a referencepoint,normallythe A) becomeheaviermakingthe
leadingedgeof thewingat MAC to manouevre in pitch
B) A tail heavyaeroplaneis lets stableand stallsat a B) becomelightermakingthe
lowerspeedthana noseheavyaeroplane manouevre in pitch
C) becomeheaviermaking easylo
C) The centreof gravily is given in percdritof MAC caF manouevre in pitch
culatedfrom the leadingedge of the wing, where D) becomelighter moreeasyto
MACatways= the wing chordhatfwaybetweenthe manouevre in
centrelineof the fuselageandthewinglip
O) lfthe actualcentreof gravityis locatedbehindthe afi
limitthe aeroplane longitudinal stabilityincreases. 0 eoo.
aeroplanels Y STABLE.ThIS
ls likelyto:
.eJ4lLslp!'ep!il
During take-offyou notlce that, for a given elevator A) be of gravitywhichis towardsthe
input the a€roplanerotates much more rapidly than
This is an indicationthat: B) of gravitywhichis towardsthe
q A) the aeroplane is overloaded
B) lhe centreof gravitymaybe towardsthe aft timit
to the positionof the cenke of
al C) the centreof gravityis loo far forlvard centreof gravityto moveforwards
D) the centreof pressureis aft of the centreof gravity
HELI:
fgcz-r4R'-elplrpl-tEE-rls caused by landlng gear ex-
lf the aeroplansls neutlallystablethls would
that:
A) doesnot createa longitudinal
moment
A) the CG is foMard B) createsa pitch-uplongitudinal
moment
B) the CG is in midrange C) createsa longitudinal
momenlin the direction(pitch-
C) the CG is on the rearlimit up or pitch-down)determinedby the typeof landing
D) the CG is behindthe rearlimit
D) ;reatesa pitch{own longitudinal
moment
q:crrLl-atdt
An aeroplaneis loadedwith isoe. lltn: atpl,cpt;HELt:atpt,cpt)
wards the rearlimit. This '
Wha-tGGrmh-Clh-e to-ngiildinatstability of an aero-
A) an increased plane?
riskof decreasein tail-
planemoment A) The dihedral,angleof sweepbackand the keelet-
B) a reduced
fuel a resullof reduced fect
drag B) The effectiveness of the horizontalstabilizer,
rudder
C) an increase andruddertrimtab .
D)a for a givenspeed C) The relationshipof thrustandlift to weightanddrag
D) The locationof the centreof gravitywith respectto
the neutralDoint
I O3l . MASS AHD BALiAt'lCE
legend
- initial an
-
correct
swer
answer
t
centre 0 gravity is near the forward limit the An aeroplane,which is scheduledto fly an oceanic
anewill: sector, is dua to depart from a hlgh altitude airport
A) time. The alrport has an
l B)
tesspower
-&*
I statementsis correct?
I A) lf the actualcentreof gravityis closelo the foMard

limitof lhe centreof gravitylhe aeroplanemay be
unstable,makingit necessaryto increaseelevator
With the centreofgravity on the
the following is to be expected?
I forces
B) lf the actualcenke of gravityis locatedbehindthe
afi limit of centreof gravityil is possiblethat the
aeroplanewill be unstable,makingit necessaryto
A) Adecreaseofthe stalling
B) A decrease in the landing
C)A decreasein range
D)A tendencyto yaw to
I increaseelevaFrforces
C) A tail heavyaeroplaneis less stableand sla s at a
lowerspeedthana noseheavyaeroplane
0 rzzoo.
gravity locationwill:
D) The lowestqtallingspeCilis obtainedif the actual
l centreofgravityis locatedin the middlebetweenlhe

afi andforwardlimitof centreof gravity
A) decrease
B) increase
C) does
stability
stability
staticstability
D) not curveof stabilityinto longitu-
I v .44!11!Ei3!P!lPU
Which of the following is most likely to affect the
mnge of centreof gravity positionson an aeroplane?
I A) The needto minimisedrag forcesand so improve

effciency
B) Locationof lhe undercarriage
would result in:
rateof climb
in cruiserange
T C) The needto maintaina lowvalueof stalling decreasein bothrateof climbandcruiseranoe

D) Elevatorandtailplane(horizontal
stabiliser) An increasein bothrateof climbandcruiserange
nessin all flightconditions
(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
12,115.
T When the centre of gravity ls at the

aeroplanewill be:
0 Who establishesthe limits of C of G?
A) The CAA
B) The JAA
I A) extremelystableand will
controlto changepitch
B) extremelystableandr controlto
C) The manufacturer
D) The insurers
changepitch 12429.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
I C) extremelyunstable
controlto change
D) extremelyunslable
elevator
elevatorcontrol
What effect does the CG on the aft limit have on the
fuel consumptionof an aeroplane?
A) Increases
to changepitch
I and airspeed rgmaln
B) Decreases
C) No effecl
D) Marginalincrease
I the centre of gravity from

will causo:
/rr.o. ,o,*, ,
",0,,"0,, of weight and CG position will
Which combination
producethe highest stalling speed?
t cruisingspeed
cruiserange
A) HeaWweightandaff C9-
B) Heavyweightandforu/ardCG
C) Lowweightand aff CG
D) LowweightandforwatdCG
l
?? answer JA/I TEST PREP SERIES
-
correct answer
imagawa
18095.(HELI:atpl, cpl)
noutralpolnt it results in: A heli;pter in the hoverthat requiresan excesslve
le B)Decreased
stabilitywithincreasedelevatortrim
amountof aft and right cyclic may indicatethe centre
MMMMM''#sfs?
:
A siamang
*.rrffi.ffi&,Y #ffffiK${*'e''###}
1
I
Hammam
{ is likely to:
A #iicopterln the hover that lequires an excessive
A) Be causedby the CGtowardsthe forwardlimit amount of fofward and right cyclic may indicate
B) Be causedby the CG at the aerodynamic centreof centreof gravity is too far:
lit the aircrafl
Mataram
C) Be totallyunrelatedto the positionof the CG A) forwardandlaterallytoo far to the left
D) Causethe CG to movelorwards B) foMardandlaterallytoo far to the right
C) afi andlaterallytoo far to the left
lo 12,149.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
T[eGfred;Gperating an aeroplanewith a cG too far
D) aft andlaterallytoo far to the right
MABkAAkBagqm
forward is to experience: 18098.(HELI;atpl, cpl)
T a
A) lnabilityor diffcultyin trin/mingwhen flaps are re-
lracted
AleticopCr wiih its fueltanks
tre of gravityis moreProneto:
mammography
A) exceedits aff centreof landing
B) LowerstickforcesPerG loading
t in nosewheel landingfirst
D) LowerstallingsPeed
resulting
C) Inabilityor diffcultyin flarihgon touchdown, withlittlefuel
B) exceeditsforward
off with tull fuel
C) exceedits aft
whentaking
limitswhentakingofi
withits tuel full
lo 12456.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
fhefailiinfii-A Frformance Problemsencountered
wlth a CG too far aft include:
D) exceedits
ingwith
gravitylimitswhenland-
I A) lmprovement in nosewheelsteering
B) HigherslickforcesperG loadingwithno riskof over-
stressingthe airframein maneuvers MAMMA
18106.
mammonism
sult
centre of gravity limit will re'
C) Diffcultyot inabilityto recoverfroma spin
I magnanimous
D) No likelihoodof a noseup overbalance (on a tricycle being nose heavyand the Pilotmay
MtBqggBaw%%
gearaircraff)on the groundresultingin taildamage aft cyclic
beingnoseheavyand the Pilotmay
outof foMardcyclic
I 12476.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:alpl, cpl)

Setect the conect statement tor the CG safe range:
A) The saferangefallsbetweenthe frontand
helicopter beingtail heavyandthe pilotmayrun
out of forwardcyclic
The helicopterbeingtail heavyandthe pilotmayrun
limitsbutdoesnotincludelhem outof aft cyclic
l B) The safe rangefalls betweenthe front
limitsbut onlyincludesthe fwd limit
C) The saferangefallsbetweenthe
18107.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
For a giG;onfiguration, the stall speed of an aero'
I limitsbutonlyincludesthe aft limit

D) The saferangefallsbetweenthe
limitsandincludesbothlimits
planewtll be highestwhen loaded:
A) to a lowtotatmasswiththe mostforwardCG
B) to a lowtolalmasswiththe mostaft CG
C) to the maximumallowablemass with the mostaft
!
ikm-kagmaaaaqkw.am immunoassay
aft of grav- CG
ii-iruGEanGitreme D) to the maximumallowablemasswith the mostfor-
Ity:
wardCG
I A) movesawaythe
increases
B) bringsthe
the head
forwardstopand
to its foMard stop and

l8170.(HELI:8tpl,cpl)
who d;Grrninesthe allowablecentre'of-gravityrangs
decreases rotor head lor a helicopter?
! C)moves
D)
tom itsforwardstopand
in the headrotors
closerto its forwardstoPand
A) Thelicensedengineercarryingoutweighing
B) The manufacturer
'C)
ofthe helicoptef
in the rotorhead Thenationalaviationauihority
l D)The pilolin command

I legend
o3t - ltass At{D BALAI{GE - initial answer
-
correct answer
18178.(AlR: atpl, cpl; ) 20107.(AlR: atpl, cpl; )

,effect has a centre of gravity close to ths most lf during flight a considerableamount of fuel was
limit? transferredfrom the tuselageforwardfuel tank to the
A)A
B)A
c)A
D)A
s8? * &* Q increasg,stability

anddecreasetrimdrag -
ils$G*ffii,irngileD@fved
be computed?
20109.(AlR: atpl, cpl; )
A) Anerevery400-hrsinspection
lf the fuel load of a large aircraft was
I B) Priorto everyflight
C)Al leasteveryfouryears
O) Duringeveryyeadyinspection
but was entered on the load sheet in
would this affect the expected
cJall?
The effect of an aircraft beingtail heavywould be a:
A) the stickiorcerequiredon
B) the stickforcerequiredon
C) the stick force
heavier
same in both
A) decreasein range cases
I B) tendencyto pitghdownduringfinalstageof landing

C) decreased stallingspeed
D) lendencyto rollrightduringlake-off
D) the stick force
cases,but the
the samein bolh
less
I (AlR:atpl,cpl;)
20081.
Ons effect on an aircraftthat is nose.heavyis:
A) a lendencyfor the noseto pitshup
I B) an increasein range
C) a decreasein stability
D) an increasein drag,duelo excessiveelevatortrim
With the centreof gravity outsldethe forward limit:
A) longitudinalstabilitywouldbe reducedandstick
I es in oitchincreased
B) longitudinalstabilitywouldbe reducedand
es in pitchreduced
I C) longitudinalstabilitywould be increased
forcein oitchreduced
D) longitudinalstabilitywould be
forcesin oitchincreased
I 20094(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
Fuelconsumptionbringsthe
effectof this is to:
I A) increasestability
in pitch
conlrol forces
B) decreasestability controlforces
I in pitch
C) increase
in pitch
lowercontrolforces
I
meanslowercontrolforces
moving the centre of gravity from

to the aft limit?
stability
fuel consumption
range
stallingspeed
legend
- initial answer JAA TEST PREP SERIES
-
correct answer
03{-02 LOADING
I 031-02-01
Terminology
I ffi
I rGserved
D) lesstheTripFuelMass
.-.i)
hA'1
I A) TOM- fuelmass
B ) B E Mp l u st u e l l o a d
2
oO,nr,...,J
'..1.'
953.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
With respect to aeroplane loading in the
phase,which ot the following statements
C) TOMminusthe DOM
cor'rect?
T D) TOMminusthe operatingmass
LM= LandingMass
TOM= Take-off Mass
In mass and balanceterms,what is an index? MTOM= MaximumTake-offMass
I A) A cut downversiohof a ford€
B)A momentdividedby a constant
ZFM= Zero Fuel Mass
MZFM= MaximumZero Fuel
C)A momentdividedby a mass DOM= Dry OperatingMass
I D)A massdividedby a mornent
sE98.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
A) LM - TOM- Trip Fuel
B) MTOM= ZFM +
C) MZFM= Traffic
fuelmass
D) ReserveFuel=
I
The distancetrom the datumto the CG is:
A) the index
B) the moment
C) the balancearm ln relation DryOperating
Massls
D)the stalion the total ready for a specific
type of excluding:
926.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) lavatorychemicals
The maximum mass to which an aeroplanemay crew
loaded,prior to enginestart, is: andtrafiicload
potablewaterand lavatorychemicals
taxi (ramp)mass
A) maximumcertificated
B) maximumregulatedtaxi(ramp)mass
take- ofi mass
C) maximumcertificated
D) maximumregulatedtake- ofi mass zero-fuelmass:
928.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:arpl,cpl) ) is a rgulatory limitation

2) is calculatedfot a maximumload factor of +3.5g
What ls the zero fuel mass?
3) is due to the maximum permissible bendingmo-
A) MTOMminusfueltodestination
minus ment at the wing root
tiveairfield 4) imposestuel dumping from the outer wings tank
B) Maximumallowablemassof the fi rst
ablefuelon board 5) imposesfuel dumping from the i6ner wings tank
massminusthe
C)Operating first
D)Actual
loadedmassofthe 6) can be increasedby stiffening the wing
on board
Thecombinationof correct statementsis:
A)2,5,6
the followingfixed B )1 , 3 , 5
n9c0ssary fiight {catering, c)4,2,6
rafotyand fly away kit, crew), we D \1 , 2 , 3
getl
A) zero
B)
c)
D)
t o3t . ilass At{D BALAI{CE
legend
- initial answer
-
correct answer
s szt. 1003.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)
t mass of the aeroDlane The DryOperatingMassof an aeroplane

includes:
A) Fueland passengersbaggageandcargo
I
**? *,&xrrqHEs reservet| U Paq$engers
baggageandcargo r
t an aeroplaneis always:
A) Thetake-offmassminusthe fuselagefuel mass
loo6mlR: atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
The total massof the aeroplaneincluding
baggage;plus catering and
/
I B) Thetake-offmassminusthe wingfuelmass
equipment;plus potablewaterand
I C) Thetake-ofimassminusthe take-offfuel mass cals but excludingusablefuel and
) The maximumtake-offmassminusthe take-offfuel ferredto as:
mass
A) Maximum ZeroFuelMass
/tuu.o ,.trt rt tt B) Zero FuelMass
The actualZero Fuel Massis equalto the: C)AeroplanePreparedfor
f\i D)DryOperating
Mass
I C\\t/ A) BasicEmptyMessplusthe fuel loaded

rA B) OperatingMasSplusall the trafficload
C) DryOperatingMassplusthe trafficload
D)ActualLandingMassplustripfuel
between:
A) operating mass
986.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpll B) allowed basicmassplustripfuel
Whlch of the following alternatlvescorresponds to c) and basicmass
zero fuel mass? D) and operatingmass
I A) Operatingmassplusloadof passengers andcargo

B) The massof an aeroplanewilh no usablefuel
(3ror
Fuel Mass is a structurallimiting
C) Operatingmasspluspassengers and cargo up of the aeroplaneDry Operational
I D) Take-ofimass minusfuel to destinationand alter-

nate
loadand unuseable
/
tuel
loail, unuseablefuel andcrewstandardmass
! For the purposoof completingthe Massand

documentation,the Dry Opsrating Itass is
as:
unuseableand crewstandardmass
fafnc loadand crewstandardmass
'16.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
l A) The totalmassof the aeroplaneready

typeof operationexcludingall usable
load
The Zero Fuel Massand the Dry OperatingMass:
c\ql A) ditrerby the sumofthe massofusablefuelplustraflic

'\ loadmass
B) The total mass of the aeroplane
I typeof operationexcludingall
C) The totalmassof the
typeof operationexcluding
specific
B) are the samevalue
C) differby the valueof the traffc loadmass
D) differby the massof usablefuel
D) The totalmassof the flor a speciic
l typeof operation crewoaggage 1027.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
The term USEFULLOAD as apptiedto an aeroplane
includes:
ll etels in
massof the
he following param-
for detorminingthe
A) lrafficloadonly
B) lrafficloadplususeablefuel
C) the revenue-earningportionof trafficloadonly
D) the revenue-earningportionof trafficloadplus use-
ll r) Dry
2l
ablefuel
1028.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELIiatpl, cPU

correct? For the purpose of completingthe Massand Balance
ll mass includesfixed equipment
carryout a specificflight
documentation,the OperatingMass is consideredto
be OryOperatingMassplus:
massis the massof the aeropldne A) RampFuel Massless.thetuelforAPUandrun-up
il take-off
tuel
dry operatingmassincludestake-ofifuel
The operatingmassincludesthe trafficload
B) RampFuel Mass
C) TripFuelMass
D) Take-offFuelMass
iurAAOr€fA|I.c.xn JAA TEST PREPSERIES
1029, 1048.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

ln massand balancecalculationswhich of the follow-
ing describesthe datum?
FuelMassminusDryOperatingMass
ffi""ff'fi:dffiW#ffiWg
034.
ffi*ffi#&ffi
'Empty Mass' applies to
the sum of airframe, fixed ballastplus:
1056.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
A) allthe consumable fueland oil,but not includingany
The datumis a referencefrom which all moment
radioor navigation equipmentinstalledby manufac-
ance)armsare measured.lts preclseposltionls
uret
in the controland loadingmanualand it is
B) all the oil, fuel, and hydraulicfluid but not including
crewandtrafficload A) at or nearthe focal pointof the
C) unusablefuelandfulloperatingfluids tem
D) all the oil andtuel B) at or neartheforwardlimitof the
C) at a convenienlpointwfiichmay
1040.(AlR:atpl,cpli HELI:atpl,ci) the aeroplane
The term MaximumZero Fuel Massconsists of: D) at or near the natural
aeroplane
A) The maximummassaulhorizedforh certainaero-
plane not includingthe fuel load and operational
1058.(AlR:atpl,cpl; )
items
With reference to calculations(on
B) The maximummassauthorizedfor a certainaero-
an aeroplane)a This datumpoint
planenotincludingtrafficloadandtuel load
is:
C) Themaximumpermissible massof an aeroplanewith
no usablefuel A) a point the aeroDlane.
lt moves
D) The maximummassfor someaeroplanesincluding are addedfoMard and afl
the fuelloadandthe trafficload of its
B) the the sum of the massvalues
1041.(AlR:atpl,cpli HELl:atpl,cpl) andits contents)is assumedto act
ln mass and balancecalculationsths "index" is:
fromwhichall balancearmsare mea-
A) a locationin the aeroplaneidentifiedby a number be locatedanywtrere on theaeroplane's
B) the momentdividedby a constant axisor on the extensionsto thataxis
C) an imaginaryverticalplane or line from which all from whichall balancearrhsare measured.
measurements aretaken locationof this oointvarieswith the distribution
D) the rangeof momentsthe c€ntreof gravity(cg) loadson the aeroplane
havewithoutmakingthe aeroplaneunsafeto fly
(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
1043.(AIR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl) Which is true of the aeroplaneempty mass?
In calculationswith respectto the posltlon
tre of gravity a reference ls made to a A) lt is dry operatingmassminusfuel load
tum is: B) lt is a component of dry operatingmass
C) lt is dry operatingmassminustrafficload
A) calculated from the data derived D) lt is the actualtake-ofimass.lesstrafficload
procedure caniedouton the
ior modification 1107.(AlR:aipl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
B) calculatedfromthe
The actual 'Take-offMass' is equivalentto:
C) an arbitraryreference whichcan
be locatedanywhere A) ActualZeroFuelMassplusthe trafficload
plane
D)a reference by the aeroplane B) DryOperatingMassplustake-offfuel andthe traffic
manufacturer.
lts in the aeroplane load
Flightor C) DryOperatingMassplusthe take-ofifuel
D)ActualLandingMassplusthe take-offuel
l O3I . ilASS Al{D BALA}ICE (kvrar;xrex*r."nt
HELI: (AlR:atpl,cpl;)
123t4.
t A) The totalmassof flightcrew,passengers,

baggage,
Take-offmass is describedas:
A) Thetake-ofimasssubjectto departureairfieldlimita-
t r#sw
ilJ,:""l'ffii;#bffiW"*"&* I DOMtuFlbutwithoutlrafficload
ffiffiSso$wF{fl@
T
4629.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
12315.
t The MaximumZero FuelWeightof an aircraft is:

A) the maximumpermissibletake-ofimass of the air-
crafr.
BalanceArm (BA) is:
A) Thedistancefromthecentreof
of a mass
I B) the maximumpermissible
usablefuel.
massof an aircrafrwithno
C) the maximumpermissiblemass of an aircraftwith

B) The pointon whicha leveris
aboutwhichil turns
C) The distancefromthe
or
of gravity
zeropayload. of a mass
I D) the maximumFermissible
landingmass.
D) The distancefrom
of amass
to the centre
I
With regards to the Maximum Zero-Fuel Welght 12408.
(MzFw). chargethe aircrafttoilets
A) lt is the maximumweightthatan aircraffcan be load- are
t
ed to withoutuseablefuel. A) pan mass
B) lt is lowerthanthe MaximumTake-OffWeightby the B) I mass
weightof a payload.
C) ls morerelevantto aircraftwithfuselagefue!tanks.
I
D) ls importantas exc€edingthe MZFWmaymeanthal
thereis insuffcientlin to get the aircrafrairborne.
Load and the Use-
(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
12205. ts:
I When establishingthe mass breakdownof an

plane,the empty mass is definedas the sum of
A) basicmassplusvariableequipmentmass
Non-revenue load
B) totalmassof passengers
C) freightor cargoload
andbaggage
I B) basicmass,plusspecialequipmentmass
C) standardemptymassplusspecific
plustrappedfluidsplusunusable
D) usablefuel
12461,(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
D) emptymassdry plusvariable Ths alrcraft datum ls a (i) referencepoint that is de-
I HELI:
zgro tuel mass?
fined on or relatlveto ths alrcraftabout whlch the (ii)
of any load locations are known.
A) (i) movable(ii) moments
I A) Themaximum
no useablefuel mass
B) The massof the of the laxi (al
B) (i) variable(ii) moments
C) (i) fixed(ii) arms
D) (i) foMard (ii) arms
departureftom
I C) DOMplus
D) The massol
fuel
plusstandarditemssuch
; lubricatingoil in en-
12462, (AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)
TheArm is the (i) distanceof a loadas measuredtrom
the aircraft (ii),
gine& py-
units;tre extinguishers;
I oxygenequipment; supple- A) (i) vertical(ii) aff limit
B) (i) horizontal(ii) datum
C) (i) lateral(ii) datum
I
D) (i) horizontal(ii) foMardlimit
I
Avlrfiaolrqx4ff eo|n JAA TEST PREP SERIES
HELI: \)Ydrr8.(AtR:atpt,cpt;HELI:atpt,cpt)
usedto chargethe aircrafttoilets t$ln mass and balance calculationsthe "index" is:
verticalplaneor linefromwhichallmea-
A) an imaginary
A) lhe lakeof massminusthe trafficload

tMBMMkmooo
l8l2l. (HELI:atpl, cpl)
The Dry OperatingMass of a helicopter:
I B) the landingmassminusthetrafficload
qmkBMMMkgg
C) the maximumzerofuelmasslessthe trafficload A) includesfuelandpassengersbaggageand
bookmark
D) lhe takeofimassminusthe basicemptymassand B) includespassengers and cargo
crewmass C) is the totalmassofthe helicopterreadyfor
typeof operation
%BBBaaaaaaama
D) includesunusablefuel and reserve
The Basic Empty lass of a helicopterls the mass of
www.aaaaakqagmmm
the helicopterwithout crew,.... : /gzLlEuePlsPlt
) The Dry OperatingMass of a
mm
A) wjthoutspecificequipmentsfor the mission,without
payload,withfuelon board. the followino:
BgMBqE§agBmmmmMaBmm
B) withoutspecificequipmentfor the rnission,Wthout A) BasicEmptyMassf crew
payload,withthe unusablefuel and standardequip- B) BasicEmptyMass+ items
ment. C) BasicEmptyMass+ tuel
C) withoutpayload,withspecificequipmentfor the mis- D) BasicEmpty .
load+ usablefuel
sion,withoutthe unusablefuet.
KommunarskMBgp3mmmmam
D) withoutspecifc equipmentfor the mission,without
payload,Mhoutunusablefuel.
18123.
TheDry
the
helicopterls the sum ot
ⁿkaq%§q%gg?BⁿMTm↳
!t | 7321.(HELt:atpt,cpt)
The Dry Operatingillass of a helicopter is the total A) crew + lraffic load + taxi fuel
mass of a helicopter: B) crew+ taxifuel
crew+ trafficload
monomania
www.avg
A) includingthe crew,the tuel and the.specificequip- Mass+ crew+ operatingitems
mentsfor the missionbutexcludingpayload
B) includingthe crew the usabletuel and the specific HELI:
equipments for the missionandpayload
%gg@t☆
an by lt's dlstancefrom
C) readyfor a specificoperationincludingthe crewand ls lfs:
lrafficload,not includingthe usablefuel
D) excludingthe crewbutincludingspecific moment -
- mass ✗ arm
for the missionand not includingthe usable Centreof gravity

C) Momentarm
D) Force
MMMMM
18117,(HELI:atpl,cpl)
Mmmmm
In cantre of gravity calculatlons the
MMBABMkaaooumnno%BF.
q.im-a.amam#-
(HELI:atpl,cpl)
181,12.
namnamoammm
A) The verticaldistancefromlhe
gravityof the helicopteror of an
Fof
the
The maximum mass to which a helicopter may be
loaded,prior to enginestart, is:
helicopter
B)The horizontal distance heli- A) maximumstructuraltaxi mass
copter'scentreof gravity gravityof B) maximumregulatedtaximass
an individual
itemin the C) maximumslructuraltake-ofimass
C) The verticaldistance loadedtieli- D) maximumregulatedtake-offmass
copter'scentreof of gravity of
anindividual
item (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
18149.
D)The horizontal datumto the cenfe The MaximumStructuralTake-OffMassis:
of gravityof to an itemplacedin the
A) a limitwhichmaynot be exceededfor anylake-of
helicopter
B) a takeofi limitingmasswhichis afiectedbythe aero-
dromealtitudeandtempelature
C)'dient
a take-offlimilingmasswhichis govemedbythegra-
of climbafterreachingW
D) limitedby lhe take-offdistanceavailable.lt is tabu-
latedin lhe flightmanual
lir O3l - ilIASS Al{D BALAT'ICE
HELI: 18169.
{AlR:atpl,cpt;HEL|:arpt,cpt)
The Traffic Load is deflned as:
li A) a structurallimit
value
listedin the FlightManualas a fxed A) Thetotalmassof passengers
andtheirbaggageplus
B)
ll c)
""'W"K&"#Y
*,&XrrsnEs reserved Q Th%tot4massofflightcrew passengers
a!
ll
ⁿMBTpgBmmBMtM
(HELI:atpl,cpl)
18171.
While making mass and balance
ll l. is a tegulatorylimitation
2. is calculatedfor a maxlmumload factor of +3.S9
3, is basedon the maximumpermissiblebendingmo.
particular helicopter, the term
appliesto the sum of alrframe,
Dlus:
ment at the wlng root
ll 4. ls deffnedon the assumptionthat fuel ls consumed

Maradona
A) all the oil andfuel
%oBaaaamʳMk9•@kB%
from the outerwing tanks first B) all the consumable fuel any
5, ls def,nedon the assumptionthat fuel is consumed radioor navigation bythemanu-
trom the innerwlng tanks first facturer
ll A )1 , 2 , 3
B)2,3,5
C) all the oil,fuel
crewandtraffic
D) unusablefuel
but not including
ffuids
c)1,3,5
D )2 , 3 , 4 REPEAT
corresponds to Zero Fuel

lEl52.(AIR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
The momentfor an item is:
plus luggageof passengersand
A) The massof the itemmultipliedby it's distancetom
the datum pluspassengers andcargo
B) The massof the item dividedby il's dislancefrom massof an aircrafiminusall usablefuel
the datum mass minus fuel to destinationand alter-
C) The distancelhe item is ftom the datumdividedby
it'smass
MAHAM
D)Thesquareofthedistanc€
theitemisfromthe
divided
byifs mass Monomania
Fuel Mass is the mass ofthe helicopter:
NkMkBmammm
A) Includingtrafficload but excludingboth usableand
BBb÷BMk
@ unusablefuel
The referenceabout which centreof
aro taken is the: B) Includingtrafficloadand unusablefuelbutexcluding
usablefuel
A) Chordline C) Excludingboth usableand unusablefuel and also
B) Cenlreof mass excludingtrafficload
C) Centreof pressure D) Exeludingusablefuel and trafficload but including
D) Datum unusablefuel
MMMMM
16168,(AlR:atpl, cpl; ) (HELI:atpl,cpl)
18174.
Ths term 'useful load' llght aircraft In. nonsmoking
The Zero Fuel Mass is the mass of the helicopter:
cludes:
Annamalai
A) Excludingusableand unusablefuel
BFkMMMam
A) the loadonly B) Includingunusableand reservefuel
B) the of load plus useable C) \ lhen weighedfor issue or renewalof its weight
tuel scheduleand excludescrew trafficload,usableand
c) Pitot(s), passengers,
Daggage,
car-
Mmmmm
unusablefuel
go D) Excludingusabletuel
tuelonly
IJ MARANAN
(HELI:atpl,cpl)
18175,
m
The Zero Fuel Mass ofammonism
a helicopterls always:
Mammograms
A) thetake.ofimassminusthe take-offuelmass
marksman
B) the take-ofimassminusthe extrafuelmass
lr C) the take-ofimassminusthetrafficload
D) the maximumtake-ofimassminusthetake-ofifuel
20080.
Thetrue Dry OperatingMass is the:
li A) basicemptymassplusdisposableload
0A) the sumof the luseriahhdo
l
fuel
sumof the
at
.{str?l
ffi"::ffi"ffi*,s?
2osg.aAR: atit cot:*lELL atol, col)
trip iffi# freservad
l the
A) TheZFM minusthe trafficload
B) DOMminusvariableload
I MRh↑NMMmamma
18180. {HELI:atpl,cpl}
When establishingthe mass breakdownof a helicop- C)TOMminusZFM
D)Trafficloadplustake-ofifuel
ter, ths Baslc Empty mass ls defined as the sum ot
the:
I MMMM
MMMMM
A) emptymassdry plusvariableequipmentmass
B) basicmassplusvariableequipmentmass
MMMM
C) basicmassplusspecialequipmentmass
mammogram
D) standardemptymassplusspecificequipmentmass
I plusoperating
f,uidsplusuhusablefuelmass
20077.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpD
Variable load includss:
! A) massof allpersons
anditemsof load,including
andolherclnsumablefluids
fuel
B)massofallpassengers,crewandlhelrbaggsge, less
l fuelandconsumablenuids
C) massof crew,theirbaggage,
of equipment
ptusremovable units
D) massof passengers,creward theirbaggage, plus
l removable
ids
equipment
andconsumable fuelandflu-
l 031-02-02
HELI:
(For thls questionuse CAP696- Figure4.9) - Figure4.9)
l
I usg
From the loadingmanualfor ths transport LoadingManualfor the transportaeroplane,
hasa maximumtotal
theaft cargocompartment load that can bs carried in that sectlon
of: the
'arm aft cargo compartment whlch has a balance
ll A) 1568kg
B) 9232 kg
C) 4187kg
qentroid at:
A) 421.5inchesis 2059Lbs
B) 835.5inchesis 6752kg
C)421.5inchesis 4541k9
ll
D) 3062ks
O) 835.5inchesis 3062k9
881.{AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl}
(Referto CAP696. Flgure4.9) t895.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
l'l Referrlngto the loading

plane,tho maximum
the fon "ardlowsr deck
(Forthls qusstlonuse CAP 696- Flgure4.9)
From the loading manual lor the let ttansport aero-

plane,the maxlmumfloor loading lntensityfot the aft
A) '13.15kg perinch
li B)13.12 kgper
C) 14.65kgper
cargo compartmsntis:
A) 68 kg persquarefoot
D) 7.18k9 per B) 150kg per squarefool
ll C) 68 Lbspersquarefoot
D) 68 kg persquaremetre
li
I O3I . MASS AND BALAI'ICE
..-
\[vlaflonffiril.cor
935. (AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)
I
on long dis- Consideringonly structurallimitations, on veryshort
flights (at the aeroplanemaximum range),the legs with minimumtake-offfuel, the traffic load is nor-
I
The
maximumranW"bgs?
.ffffiffix
E ActulallArdingmass
- Al il{Eng$ reserv ad
I fuel massis a mass limitationfor
936.fffR: atpl, cpl; )
An aircraft is about to depart on an
from a high elevation airfield with an
l A) allowableloadexerteduponthe wing consider,ng

marginfor fueltanking
B) skengthof thetuselage
a
longrunwayin the tropicsat t400
off mass is likely to be limited by:
A) MZFM
I C) strengthofthe wingroot
O)totalloadofthe tuel imposeduponthe wing
B) Obstacle limited mass
C) Maximumcertified
D) Climblimitedmass
911.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpll
li Which of the follorting statementsis correct?

A) The MaiimumZeroFuelMassensuresthatthe cen-
The maximum mass is:
tre 0f gravityremainswithinlimitsaner the upliftof A)atake-ofi is governedby lhe
tuel v2
lj B) The MaximumLandingMassof an aeroplaneis re-
performance
strictedby structurallimitations, limita-
gradient
B) a take : which is afected bv the
temperature
tionsandthe strengthof the runway c)a maynot be exceededfor any
lr C) The MaximumTake-ofiMassis equal to the maxF

mummasswhenleavingthe ramp
D) The BasicEmptyMassis equalto the massof the
lunwav takeoff distanc€
the FlightManual
available.lt is
aeroplaneexcludingtrafficloadand useablefuelbut
li includingthe crew
without central fuel tank, the maxl-
w 914.(AtR:arPt,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) Fuel Mass is relatedto:
li The maximumtaxi (ramp)mass is governedby:

A) structural
considerations
B) tyrespeedandtemperature limitations
MaximumStructuralTake-OffMass
B) The bendingmomentat lhe wingroot
C) Wng loadedtripfuel
C) bearingstrengthof the taxiwaypavement D) Variableequipmentfor the flight
ll D) taxidistanceto take- ofi point
915.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpu (Forthis Questionuse CAP696- Figurett.9or 4.10)
ll lf thg maximum structural landing

A) the aircraffwill be unableto
For the transpoft aeroplane the moment (balance)
arm (8.A,)for the forward hold centroidls:
B)theundercaniage
could
I C) no damagewill occur
the regulatedlanding
D) no damagewill aircranis within
A) 257 inches
B) 367.9inches
C) 314.5inches
the performance mass D)421.5inches
I - Figure4.91 Mmmmm(HELI:atpl,cpl)
18084.
(Referto tigure 031_96)
I manual for the transDort

load intensity for the lower
ts: %ⁿMMmammmmEmmmm
Referringto the Pilot's Flight iilanualfor the transport
helicopterTETH-1,the maximumload for the aft-car-
go bay in section c is:
I
MMMMM
foot A) 400 daNh2
forwardcompartment
and 4187 kg in afl B) 250daN
c) 115daN
I
persquarefoot D) 75 lbs/fr2
.
kg in forwardcompartment
and 9232k9 in aft
MMMMM
'18105.
(AlRratpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
I
Consideringonly structural limitations,on long dls-
tancefli9hts {at ths helicopter'smaximumrange),tho
%sEMkMBMMkkMkMkkmnm
macaroon
I Mmm
I Bonham
c) s5 S s*sr
Mammogram
UMkk•mmmmmmmnm
(HELI:atpl,cpl)
18086.
What are the criteriafor correct loading of a helicop-
ter?
I (Referto figure 031_9.61
%MMMMMMaaaammBggaKMMMM7ˢ
A) Adherence to the maximummasslimitations
nna
MqmmmHkmmm
From the Pilot's Flight Manualof the transport heli- B) Correctdistribution
of the usetulloadand
. to the maximummasslimitations
I ammoniums
coptgr TETHI, the cabin tloor has a maxlmum load
ca.rylng capacity(maxlmumlloor load)of: C) Maximumallowablebaggagemassin
comParttrient
I @pWmBtH
A) 115daN D) Correcidistribution
ofthe useful
B) 1500daN
C) 195daN/m2 (AlR:aipl,cpl;)
20120.
D) 1500da|.Um2 (Reterto figure 031_4-9)
Using the data for the
I Markham
t8087.(HELI:atpl,cpl) compartmentload for the
(Reforto figure 031_9.6) 343:
I %gmñMMaaaa
Referlng to the Pilofg Flight luanualfor the transport A) 762lbs
helicopterTETHI,the maximumload forthe aft cargo B) 314.5kg
bay In section B is: C) 483kg
D) 8.47kg
I MAM
A) 550tb
B) 55 daN
C) 75 daN/mz
D) 115daN
I 875.(AlR:atpl,cpl; l
031-02-03
Mass
I
Basedon actualconditions,an aeroplanehas the fol- masses can only be usedwhen
lowing pedormancetake-offmass limitations: ft has:
Flaps: 0'/ l0: / 15' 9 seatsor more

B) 20 seatsor more
I Runway: 4100, 4400/ 4600{massesare ln
Cfimb; 47001450A14200(Massesare in C) 30 seatsor more
D) lessthan30 seats
Structurallimits:
take-otf/ landing, zerofuel: 4 300kg 1942.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
An aeroplane is performance llmited to a landlng
The maximumtake-offmass is: mass of 54230kg, The Dry OperatingMass ls 35000
kg and the zero fuel mass is 52080kg. lf tho taks{ff
I A) 4 700kg
B)4 100kg
c)4 200kg
mass ls 64280kg the useful load ls:
A) 12200kg
*:¥÷÷¥
D)4 300l(g B) 17080kg
I 888.
C) 29280kg
D) 10080kg
54080
64280
I of the SG ls
A)
B)set : 1 SectionI
UF
aviationauthority
I D) pilot
,
I Av1.ilfiO|d*ttn,e'.'"
O3I . HASS A]ID BALAHCE
o 2006
951.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
t a strong tail wlnd rvhich was

On arrivalat destinationa straight in ap-
Given:
mass= 146900kg
I Blockfuel = 35 500kg
I rh,Fsd&x
ffiwffiffixffiK*f
{ } ET }
9114.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) A) 120300kg
ii.m • on
I A revenueflight is to be made by a jet transport.The

following are the aeroplanestructural limits:
B) 121300kg
C) 113900kg
}
D) 120900kg
0
"
UF
in
,om
MaximumRampMass: 69 900 kg
I l{laxlmumTakeOff Mass:
MaxlmumLandingMass:
MaximumZero Fuel Mass:
69 300 kg
58 900 kg
52740 kg
| 9!2'
t TakeOff and Landing mass are not performancelim-

fted 1
Dry OperatingMass:
Trlp Fuel:
34 900 kg
11 800 kg
Dry operatlngmass =
Maximum
structural
Maximumlanding
Maxlmumzero
72 000kg
I Taxl Fuel: 500 kg

Contlngency& final resewefuel: | 600kg
AlternateFuel: t 900 kg
Fuelburn= 8
Take-ofi
take-offmassand payloadane
I The maxlmumtraffic load that can be carried is:
Ém !?? } Dim
{ }
im
{ }
27 000k9
A) 19 500kg
Tim ?? }
'
☐
B ) 1 9 1 0 0k g any 25 300kg ""
I C) 19200kg
D) 17 840kg
"
} in
and24 700 kg
kg and23 000 kg
"
} in
ftp.i o
UF
946,(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
I (For this questionuse CAP696- Figure4,'14)
AeroplaneDry Operatingmass
empty mass of an aeroplane,as given In the
schedule,is 61300kg. Theoperationalitems
(including crew) is given as a massof 2300kg. lf the
take-offmass is l32O0Okg (includinga useablefuel
I Performancelimitedtake-ofi mass
Performancelimlted landingmass
iilaximumzero fuel mass
quantityot 43800kg) the useful load ls:
{ }
}%%i
A) 26900kg Dom
B) 70700kg ii.%
I
ZFM
Fuel requlrementsfor flight:
C) 29600kg
Trip fuel 29300kg
}
"
D) 68400kg in
Contingencyand final reserve UF
Altematetuel 2800kg
I The maximumtraffic
flight is:
carried on this
955.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HElllelpllp0
Givenan aeroplanewith:
MaximumStructural LandingMass: 125000 kg

A) 12700kg MaximumZero Fuel Mass: i08 500 kg
{ omg
B) 7100kg 2Ém ¥7 } ☐
Maximum Structural Mass:
Take-off 155000 kg
C) 6300kg ,, m Dry Operatingl'rass: 82 000 kg
o) 4800kg
} Scheduledt p fuel is 17 000 kg and tho reservefuel
"
in
UF is 5 000k9
Agsumingperformancelimitationsare not restricting,

the maximumpermittedtake-offmass and maximum
traffic load are respectively:
{ } 5%9
}
BM
A) 125500kg and21 500kg 108 is •
B) 130500kg and31 500kg ZFM YL
C) 130500kg and26 500 kg 4%0 ?!Too

}
}
µ
D) 125500kg and26 500 kg UF
22,000
9G7.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

a^nieroplane takes off as normal on a scheduled
t the total mass

flight however,shortly after take-offthe aeroplaneis
ll
holiday charter,
an adultls:
MaxStrubturalLM (MSLM)
.ww#?*
9600k9
I
c) 84
D)84 r(g
& e*mv ffi*ff,$,W$$*s'"s*s"f
Flnalreservefuel
960.(AlR:atpl,cpl;) Expectedlandingmass
t On an aetoplanewith 20 or mote seatsengagedon an

Inter-continental flight, the standardmasswhich may
be usedtor passengerbaggagels:
at originaldestination
Actualflight duration2 hour
Fuelconsumption: 1,500kg
t
Pe'rformance Limited LM
A) 14 kg perpassenger
B) 13 kg perpassenger at diversionairfield (PLLM)
C) 15 k9 pe, passenger A) The aeroplanecan land safely its
D) 11kg per passenger MSLM
1
(For this questionuse CAP 696- Figures4.5 and 4.6)

B) The aeroplanecan land
iIs PLLM
C)Theaeroplanecannot
below
it is above
t
its MSLM
For the medium rangetranspoft aeroplane,from the D)Theaeroplane it is above
loadingmanual,determlnethe maximumtotal volume its PLLM
of fuel which can b3 loadedinto the mainwing tanks.
(Fueldensityvalue 0.78) 968.
is 30 000kg. The
A) 11349lilres
massesof
B) 8850litres
C) 11646litres ✓ 0300kg
Catering:
D) 5674litres nil
Safety
Fly nll
965.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cPl)
?
baggage): 365kg
An ;Fcl"E btsic empty rtass is 3oo0 kg. The maxi- 3 000k9
mum take-ofi,landing,and zero-fuelmass are ldenti' 120k9
cal, at 5200k9. Rampfuel ls 650 kg, the taxi fuel ls 50 baggage,cargo: I 000kg
kg, The payloadavailableis:
A ) 2 1 5 0k g Operatingmass ls:
B) 1 550kg 30 300k9
C) 2 200 kg B)30 665kg
D) 1 600kg cI38 300kg
301000
D)30785r(g
Éñ° {% }
}
ZFM
{ }
"l
sooo room
""
ZFM 'll
;; ; ¥03m
UF
}
"
"
UF
t O3l - MASS AND BALTAI'ICE Qrtrarronexattre',
975.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

by a jet transport.The Th;rr;to-f an;ircEfr equipped with 50 seats
I are the aeroplanestructural limits:
I il*iilffiK&K#
Zero Fuel 52 740 kg use the standard massgs
ffii&x gsss'ryw@
I Dry
Trip Fuel:
34 900kg
6 200 kg
B) the operatormay use the standard
loadand balancecalculation without
TaxlFusl: 250 kg should
operator use the
C) the
Contingency& final reservsfuel: 300 kg passengers or alterthe standard
: AlternateFuel: I 100kg
D) the operatoris obligedlo use
eachpassenger
The maxlmumtraftic load that can be carrlsd is:
I A) 25 800 kg
}Ñm°°
HELI:
{ }
13M
B ) 1 8 1 7 0k g 52,740 Ga , zoo An to de- where the
ZFM
C) 13950kg
4L
performancellmited kg. Certiti.
I
""
? cated maximum
}
D) 17 840kg "
in
UF
972.(AlR:atpl,cpl;) Ramp(taxl) 89930kg \
I
t
89430kg
iilihlG questio-;use cAP 696- Figure4'4) Maximum
7{520kg
The medlumrangeJettransport aeroplaneis to oper' Actual 620s0kg
ate a flight catrylng the maximumpossible fuel load.
t Uslng the tollowlng data as aPpropriate,detetmlns

ths massof fuel on board at start of taks off'
Fuel o
Taxi d 600k9
17830kg
reserveand altetnate 9030kg
Departureairfield porformanco
I limltedtake-offmass:
Landingairtield: not performancelimited'

50 400kg
OperatingMass is 40970kg ths trafflc load
be carried on this flight ls:
34930kg
} "p%m°
Ory OperatingMass:
li { }
21500kg 64050 BM
saris ◦
2 1 0 8 0k g ZFM 4L
TOM
Fuel requiredfor fl19ht: c') 21220kg
}
"
Taxifuel: D) 20870kg "
t Trip fuel:
Contingencyand final ressruefugl:
Alternatefuel:
Additional reservo:
97?.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cPl)
UF
SfanOarOt'tEss as used in the computationof pas-

sengerload establishthe massot a cltd as:
I Trafficloadfor flight:
A) 16 080kg
B) 15815kg
A) 35 kg for childrenover2 yearsodlpying a seatand
10 kg for infants(lessthan 2 years)not occupying
a seat
I C) 13650kg
D) 14470 kg 3493°
B) 35 kg only if they are over2 yearsold andoccupya
seat
{ ¥7 }
}
C) 35 kg irrespectiveof age providedthey occupya
DOM 60,400
t
ZFM
Tom
-i% a seatand
"
D) 35 kg for childrenover2 yearsoccupying
UF
} u,
10 kg for infants(less than 2 years)occupyinga
I
t
t
'
l._ JAA TEST PREP SERIES
_ \[*tlOilfEXAfrLctar
982.(AlRratpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
t is certified for a Max Struc- (For this Question use CAP 696 - Figure 4.9)
Max LM of 58000kg and 55000kg
t
T Trip fuel
Contlngency
& #ffi$r An aeroplaneis to departfrom an airfieldat a take-off
Alternate fuel 500 kg
mass of 302550kg. Fuel on board at take-off
t
Final reserve 500 kg
Flight duration3 hours ing contingencyand alternateof 19450kg) is I
Fuel consumption500kg per hour per engine kg. The Dry OperatingMass is 161450kg. The
load will be:
A) 58000kg
{ ET }ʳm
} { ET }ñ%ñ}%÷
B) 61000kg A) 39105kg "
am am
: C) 57000kg "" B) 121450k9
C) 19650kg
D) s654skg
}u }
" "
"
D ) 1 4 1 1 0 0k g
I
UF UF
979.(AlR:atpl,cpl;) 1
(For this questionuse CAP696- Flgure4.14)
(Referto CAP 696- Figure4.
I The medlumlange twln iet transport i3 scheduledto

operate from a departure airfield where conditions
llmlt the take-off mass to 05050k9. The deslination
alrfield has a performancellmlted landlng mass of
Maximumallowed
Dry operatingmass:
Take-off fuel: I 500
37 200k9
I 54500kg. The Dry operatlng Massls 34900k9. Load-

Ing data is as follows:
Passengerson
Baggages:880
The(
✗ 84
passengetmasssys-
32,children5
✗ 84 ✗ 35
Taxlfuel: 350 kg
I Trlp tuel:
Contingencyand final reservetuel:
Alternatefuel:
9250kg
1100kg
1000kg
tems
oay (
that I
The flight is not a holi-
conditions, the maximumcargo
ts:
}%%ii
{ }µ§%
13m
T
Trafficload: 18600kg "
ZFM "l
's
Checkthe load and ensurethat the fllght may bo op- %
eratedwithout exceedingany of the aeroplanelimlts. %:
I Choose,from those glven below the most appropri.

ate answer,
A) Theflightmaybe safelyoperatedwiththe stated
I
fic andtuelload
B) The frightis 'zerofuel mass'limitedand Maximumstructuraltake-offmass: 146000kg
Ioadmustbe reducedto 14170kg Maximumstructurallanding mass: 93 900kg
C) Thef ightis'landing mass'limited
and Actualzero fuel mass: 86 300kg
I mustbe reducedto 17500kg

D) Theflightmaybe safelyoperatec
200 kg of traffic load
Tripfuel:
Taxifuel:
Contingencyfuel:
Alternatefuel:
27 000kg
I 000ko
I 350kg
2 650k9
I The Dry OperatingMass

maximumtake-offmass,
000 kg. The
fuel mass
Finalreservefuel:
Determinethe actual take-offmass:

3 000kg
massls 550kg,
I
are ldenticalat3500 A) 120900kg
and the taxl fuel
payloadls:
availablemass ot B) 1a6000kg
C) 120300ks
2am
{ ¥7 }•m}µm
}
"
A) 1 500kg D) 121300kg "
I { }%%m
}
BM UF
B) 950k9 3500
zsoo
ZFM
C) 1 000ko "l
""
oi r +srxd
}u
"
I UF
a
l ost - uass at{D BALAtitcE
989. (AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl) 999. (AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI; atpl, cpl)
to cAP 696- Figure4.9) A rev€nueflight is to be madeby a jet transport The
I What is
following are the aeroplanestructurallimits:
I
load and
ment of
ffiffiffiffiI.eog?
MaximumZero FuelMass:
I "Y- &'* fSSTfl€g''P€rs

Dry OperatingMass:
TripFuel:
990.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) Taxi Fuel:
! An aeroplaneweighing schedule indicates that the

empty mass is 57320k9. The nominal Dry Operating
Massls 60120k9 and the MaxlmumZero Fuel Massls
Contingency& final ressrvgtuel:
AlternateFuel:
glven as 72100kg. Which of the followlng is a correbt
I
The maximum traffic load that
statementin relationto this aeroplane?
.im#f?Faroo&8BVqTBgg
A) 21 070 kg
A) operalionalitemshavea massof 2800 kg and the B )2 l 1 7 0k g %
maximumtrafficloadfor this aeroplaneis 14780kg C ) 1 78 1 0k g
I B) operationalitefls havea massoi 2800 kg and the

maximumtraffibloadfor thisaeroplaneis 11980kg
C) operational
itemshavea mass of 2800 kg and the
D) 20 42okg
UF
maximumusefulloadis 41980kg
I D) operationalitemshavea massof 2800 kg and the

maximumusefulloadis 14780kg
crew of a
usingthe
Block
preparesa flig(lt
40 000kg
I 992.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
TGCC;F 'nass of an aeroptaneis 1/tl ooo kg, Total
fuel on board is 63 000kg including{4 000kg reserve
fueland1000k9 ofunusablefuel.Thetrafficloadis l2
Trip fi
TaxiIt
29 000kg
E00kg
170000Is
mass: 14850t kg
T 800kg, The zero fuel mass ls: fuel mass: 1125F9$s
{ }
mass: 80 400 kg
A) 79000kg
B) 78000kg 2.FM {↑ } DOM 141,000
""
C) 93000kg '
trafficloadtor thlsfllghtls:
in
D) 65200kg 40 400 kg
{ ¥7 }
}
UF
DOM
62000 B) 32 900 kg 2pm
993.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpu C) 18900kg ""
Givenare: D) 32 100kg
}
"
in
UF
Maximumstructuraltake-offmass: 1001.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI;atpl,cpl)
maximumstructurallandingmass: . The tollowing data applies to an aeroplanewhich is
Maximumzero fuel mass: kg about to take off:
Taxifuel: kg
Trip fuel: 8 000kg Certifiedmaximumtake-otfmass: 'l4l 500kg
I Contingencyfuel:
Alternatefuel:
Finalreservefuel:
900 k9
700 kg
2 000 k9
Performancelimited take-offmass: 137300 kg
Dry OperatingMass: 58 400 kg
Crewand crew hand baggagemass:640k9
crew baggagein hold:110kg
I Determinethe
A) 74 000 kg
Fuel on board: 60 700 kg
Fromthis data calculatethe massot the useful load,
{ ?}
}
B) 69 600
%.% room
I c) 72 000
D) 70 "
%: } u,
"m ? A) 78900kg
B) 78150ks
C) 18200k9
}%%n
,%?•
Bm
D) 17450kg
I ZFM
6%+0 } a
I
1002.(AlR:atpl,cpl; ) 1009.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cPl)
t (Forthis
rsvenue fllght ls
use CAP696- Flgure4.14) Given:
29 800k9
I
Take-off
data applles:
.lffiffirrt
*""s#i$Sr'g?f"Ylgt$f5"?e s eYVbd Trip fuel: 4 000kg
I Fusl on board
Taxi tuel 350 kg
The maxlmumtlfffic load is:
A) 9 300kg
./
t
Trip fuel 9730k9
'1200kg B) 13300kg
Contingencyand linal resewetuel C) 12 900 kg
Alternate fuel 1600k9
D) 14 600 kg
Passenggrson board 130
I Standardmassfor eachpassenger ✗ 84 k9 10920

1011.(AlR;atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
Baggagopet passenger 14 kg+
Trafticload itaximum possible :* .
The standardmassfor a child is:
A) 38 kg for all iights
I Usethe loadingmanualprovFed and the above data.

Determlngtho maximumcargo load that may be car-
ded wlthout oxceedingthe llmitlng aeroplanelanding
B) 35 k9 for holidaycharters
iights
C) 35 kg for all ffights
mass. D) 30 kg for holiday for all other
I { }ˢ☐%%
}
A) 4530 kg
13m flights
64,730
ZFM ye
B) 5400 kg ""
C) 6350kg %%
}
I D) 3185kg
u,
empty mass is givenas 44800kg.
125%0 Operational brew standard mass of
t060 kg) are maximumzero fuel mass
1005.(AlR:atpl,cpli HELI;atpl,cpl)
is given as inaximumtraffic load wftich
The tollowing data appllesto a plannedflight:
I Dry OpsratlngMass:
PerformancslimhedTake-Offllass:
34 900 kg
66 300 kg
could be
A)
B)
t PerformancslimltedLandingMass:
llllaximumZero Fuel Mass:
Fuel requlredat ramp:

55 200 kg
53 070 kg
HELI:
I Taxlfuel:
Trlp tuel:
Contingencyfuel:
400 k9
I 600kg
430
massol an is 117000kg, com-
a raflic load of 18 000kg and fuel of46 000kg'
is the dry operatlngmass?
Altemats fuel:
I Holdingfuel:
Trafflcload:
A).53000kg
B) 64 000kg
C) 71 000kg
D) 99 000 ks
I Fuel costs at the departurealrfleld

decldedto load the maxlmumtusl
The total fuel whlch may be
I parturc is:
A) 13230k9
B) 12700kg
C) 15200kg
I D) 10730kg
} }D%%
{ }
BM
53,070
I
63,800
ZFM 4L
""
4%0
'
UF
} u,
t
03{ . iIASS AHD BALTAIIICE
Qnatrffi#.*""'
o 2006
103'1,(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cPl)

aeroplaneprovides The crew of a transport aeroplanepreparesa flight
usingthe tollowingdata:
K$ffi ffiWW.s*
already loaded on board the aircraft: 20 000kq Maximumtake-offmass:
@ zoo? - Al
mass (MTOM): 2{2 000kg
{ }%%ñ}¥%
A) 25 000 kg Bm
Maximum mass (MLM): 174000kg "
,t64 000k9 B) 25 800 k9 ZFM "L

Maximumzero tuel mass (MZFM): c) 55 000kg
Dry operatingmass (DOM): 110000kg
}
"
"
D) 55 800kg
300%
The ma]ximumcargo load that the captainmay decide
to load on board is:
A let transport
164100043M } '%%°}%%i0°
A) 54 000 kg
B) 55 000kg ZFM 4L MaximumRamDMass: 63 060 k9
C) 55 500kg ) MaximumTakeOff 62 800kg
}
"
D) 61 500kg "
MaxlmumLanding 54 900 kg
UF
MaximumZero F 51 300kg
1023.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) The aeroDlane wlth the lol-
I Prior to departurethe medium range twin let aero-

plane ls loadedwith maximumfuel of 20100litres at
a fuel density (speclficaravity) of 0.78.Using the fol-
lowing
Taxifuel:
Trip fuel:
400 kg
I 400 kg
'1800 kg
lowlng data:
I Pedormancellmitedtake-offmass:
Performancelimited landingmass:
67200kg
54200kg Mass ls 34930kg, determinethe
1 100k9
Dry OperatlngMass: 34930kg load that can be caried on the fllght
I Taxlfuel:
Trip fuel:
250kg
9250kg
and landlngairfieldsars not performancs
}3p"ÉÑ
Contingencyand holding fuel: 850kg
{ }
BM
570 kg 51,300
62,800
I
Alternatefusl: 700kg ZFM
16430kg 4L
""
17 070kg
}
"
The maximumpermissibletraffic load ls: D) 16 370k9 in
UF
A) 16470kg
I B) 13090kg
C) 18040kg
am
{ IT }%%ñ}i;is◦ 1035,(AlR:atpl,cpli HELI:arpl,cpl)
The maximumquantity of fuel that can be loadedinto
}
"
D) 12840kg " an aeroplane'stanks is givon as 3800 US Gallons. lf
15678µF
Conversionof fuel volumeto
the tuel density (specific aravity) is given as 0.79the
mass of fuel which may be loadedis:
A) 18206ks
✗ 3.785
liter
0.79
→
kg
vatuesas B) 14383k9 US gallon →
I
A) maybe doneby using
specifiedin JAR- C) 11364kg
B) maybe doneby densityvaluesas D) 13647kg
specifiedin the if the actualtuel
I densityis not
C) mustbe don€
vatues
measuredfuel density
densityvaluesof 0.79for JP
Prior to departure an aeroplane is loaded with 16500
litres of fuel at a fuel density of 780k9/m3'This ls en'
D) mustbe tered into the load sheet as 16500kg and calculations
I 1 and specifiedin JAR - OPS.IEM are carried out accordingly.As a result of this error,
lhe aeroplaneis:
A) heavlerthan anticipatedand the calculatedsafety
t speedswill be too high

B) lighterthan anticipatedand the calculaledsafety
speedswill be too low
C) lighter than anticipatedand the calculatedsafely
t speedswill be too high

D) heavierthan anticipatedand the calculatedsafety
speedswill be too low
JAA TEST PREPSERTES

madefrom London to Valenciacar- Determinethe ZeroFuelMassfor the lollowingsingle
and maximumtraffic load,On the engineaeroplane.Given:2449 LBS
flight the fuel
lbs
#{}f?r
to capacity
I densltyof 0.
CargoMass: 350lbs
I Maximum
Maximum
ffi:&wsr ffi:'Fl'Sflts
58 900 kg Fuetdensity:
-
reffirved 6lbs/Gal .l
Itta{mum Zero Fuel 5274o kg
A) 25Bglbs
The performancelimited
I take off massat Valenclais 67 330kg

Tho landlng mass at London is not performancslim-
ited.
B) 2449lbs
C) 2659lbs
D)2414lbs
I Dry OperatingMass: 34 930kg (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
1081.
Ir Trip Fuel (Valenciato London): 5 990kg (Referto CAP 696- Figure3,4)
Taxifuel: 250kg
With respect to multi-engine
I The maximumtraffic load thaLpanbe carriedfrom va- plane,determinethe ramp mass
I lenciawtll be: conditions:
A) 't4 331kg
}%%3Ñ
{ }
Basicempty mass:
I B) 13240kg
cl 16770ks 2pm ¥7 ago
Basicarm: lnches
-I D)9830k9
""
Onepilot: 60 lbs
15¥79 } Ul Frontseat 200lbs
UF Centreseat 290lbs
I tqry.laBieallPlluEul One passenger 1 1 0l b s
I ?fr6 Take{ff Mafif anEroFlane ls 66700kg whlch
Baggageln 100lbs
Includesa traffic load of 14200kg and a usable fuel
Baggagein 50 lbs
r load of 10500kg. It the standardmass for tho crew ls
Block 100USGal
I 545kg the Dry OperatingMass is:
Trip 55 US Gal
A) 42000kg Fuel
B) 56200kg 3 USGal.
c) 414s5kg 6 lbs/UsGal
C
D) 42545kg
{ ¥7 }
my
•
2am
1055,(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) a.m
Determinethe Landing Massfor the following

}
"
"
onglneaeroplane.Given: 2589 LBS UF
StandardEmptyMass: 1764lbs Standardmassesmay be usedfor the computationof

OptlonalEquipment: 35 lbs massvaluesfor baggageif the aeroplane:
Pilot + Frontseat passenger: 300lbs
CargoMass: 350 A) is carrying
30or morePassengers
RampFuel= Block Fuel: 25 ✗ 6 B)has6 or moreseats
150 lbs
C)has30ormoreseats
-
Trlp Fuel:
Fuel density: D)has20ormoreseats
A) 2659lbs 1099,(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
B) 2799lbs ln deferminingthe Dry Operating Mass of an aero'
C) 2589lbs plane it is common practica to uss standard mass
D) 2449lbs valuesfor crew Thesevalues are
A) flightcrew85 k9, cabincrew75 kg each.Thesedo
notincludea handbaggageallowance
B) fight crew85 kg, cabincrew75 kg each.Theseare
inclusiveof a handbaggageallowance
C)flightcrew(male)88 kg (female)75 kg,cabincrew75
kg each.Theseincludean allowancetor handbag-
ga9e
D) flightcrew(male)88 kg (female)75 kg, cabincrew
75 kg each.Thesedo not includean allowancefor
handbaggage
I O3I .'MASS A]ID BALAIEE
1106,(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

a mass. the factors to be Givenan aeroplanewith:
accountinclude:
A) 68 000k9
I B)
@."e@@r,au@t8$ffi'$*gw"'s#wsss
t extracted from an aeroplane
Assuming performan6elimitationsarc
the maximumpermittedtake-offmass
loadingmanifest: traffic load are respectively:
{ }%%m
}
13M
Performancelimitedtake-offmass: 93500kg A) 77 200 kg and22 2O0kg • no
ZFM
Expectedlandlngmassat destination: 81700kg B) 75 000 k9 and20 000kg 4L
,, m
Maxlmumcertificatedlanding mass: 86300k9 C) 77 200 kg and 19 400 kg
}
"
in
Fuel on board: 16500kg D) 75 000kg and17 200kg
UF
9800
Duringthe flight a^diversionls madeto an en-rouie 1108.(AlR:atpl,cpl; )
alternatewhich ls hot performancelimited tor land- An aeroplane technlcal problem
lng, Fuelremalnlngat landingis 10300k9. The land- shortly after to its deoarture
Ing mass: airfield.ln order aircraftmustdump
A) is 87300kgwhichis acceptable
fuel. How dumped?
in thiscasebecause
{ ¥7 }
}
Dom
this is a diversionand not a normalscheduledland- A) massto thezerofuel mass
ZFM ing B) the amountof fuel lo jettisonto
""
B) is 83200kgwhichis in excessof the regulatedland- a safelevelat, or belowtheReg-
}
"
in ing massandcouldresultin ovemlnningthe runway
UF
automatically
stopsthejettisonat the
C) mustbe reducedto 81700kg in orderto avoida high Mass
speedapproach as the pilotfeelsis just insufficient
to land
D) is 87300kg andexcessstructuralstresscouldresult
(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpll
1103.
Giventhe following: take-offmass of an airplaneis 8600kg which in-
a traffic load of 1890 kg and a usable fuel load
Maximumstructuraltake-offmass: of 1230kg. lf the standardmassfor the crew is 190kg
Maximumstructurallandingmass: the dry operatingmass is?
Maximumzero fuel mass:
{ ?Yao}
}
A) 5290kg
¥90
Taxifuel: Dom
B) 5480ks 2am
Contingencyfuet:
C) 8410kg 1%90
}
Alternatefuel: in
D) 6710kg
Finalreservefuel: %:O
Trip fuel: 9 000kg
12204.
I Determinethe actual
A) 48 000 ks
B) 47 800kg
Determinethe Take.offMass for the following single
engineaeroplane,2799
Given: LBS
I C) 48 400 k9
{ }
D) 53 000kg "
Ein ?? } room StandardEmpty Mass:

OptionalEguipmenti
1764lbs
35 lbs
""
Pilot + Front seat passenger: 300 lbs
}
"
I
in
UF
CargoMass: 350lbs
RampFuel= Block Fuel: 60 Gal
Trip Fuel: 35 Gal
Fueldensity: 5 lbs/Gal
I A) 2764lbs
1764
{ FFF }
}
Dom
B) 2809lbs ZFM
C) 2659lbs "m
I D) 2799lbs %
%+ } u,
{2238. (AlR: atpl, epl; )

of the mass of (Referto figure031
and CREWMEMBERSincluded
of l0 320kg.
ffiht#wffi#eKK
S e**r &&$qs*wh6s
rassrved Ht I7nn k -d re
t l
(to be carried on an C) 650 kg
aeroplane)may be determinedtrom a verbal state- D) 1 830 k9
ment by or on behalfof the passenge6 if the number
'12302.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
of:
(Refer to figure L225)
A) passengers
carriedis lessthan6 Uslng the data given in the Load & Trim
seatsavailableis lessthan 10
B) passenger mine from the following the correct value
C) passengers
caniedis lessthan20 ing take off mass for this flight.
sealsavailableis lessthan6
D) passenger
A) 6a 200 Kg
(AlR:atpt,cpl;)
12212. 1 B) 63 800Ks
(Referto CAP696figure &14) C) 62 650 Kg
D) 54 e00 Kg
The following data relatesto a planned flight of an
aeroplane: 12303.(AlRi atpl, cpl; )
Dry Operationalmass: 6q 520 kg (Referto RgureL226)
Performance limited take-offmass; 72 250 kg Using the data Trim sheet,deter-
Performancellmited landingmass: 72 23o kg minefrom the Yaluefor the limit-
ilaxlmum zero Fuel mass: 67 530 kg ing take off
A) 52 900 of 4200 K9
Fuel on boardat take-off: B)571oo of 3770Kg
Trip fuel: 12 500kg of 3770Kg
2 300 kg
c) 58
Contingencyand linal reseryefuel: D) underloadof 3770Kg
Alternatefuel: I 700 kg
Using this data, as appropriate,calculatethe maxi-

mum traffic load that can be carried' given in the Load & Trim sheet,deter'
A) 7 730 kg the foltowingthe correctvaluefor the limit-
µ }%%m}
B) 11730kg Bm off mass for this flight
C) 15 730kg %Ém
"" 52 000Kg withan underloadof 1830Kg
D) 7 010kg
66 770Kg with an overloadof 1830Kg
}
"
in
UF C) 61 600 Kg withan underloadof 1830Kg
(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
12237. D) 68 038Kg withan overloadof 1830Kg
(Referto figure 031-L401)
12316.
Fromthe datacontainedIn the
How would iou convsrt Kilograms (KGl to Pounds
maximumallowabletake-ofi mass (LB)?
rospectively:
A) KGx 0.45359237 LB
A) 66 770kg and 17 320kg
B\ KG x 2.20462262LB
B) 60 425 kg and 10 975kg
c) KG I 2.20462262LB
C) 61 600kg and 12 150kg
D) Noneoftheabove
D) 68 038kg and 18 588
12317.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
FowwotiAtiru;onvert USCatlonsto Litres(Ll?
A) USGallx 1.205
B =
KG ✗ 2.20462262 B) USGallx 4.546
HERS = US Gal ✗ 3.785
C) USGallx 0.264
D) USGallx 3.785
I O3I . MASS Al{D BALAI{CE t ot.-t'*,
Qn
12400.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl) 12499.(AlR:atpl, cpl; )

I Us gallonofAVGAS(l00LL)to lbs: Fromthe following selectthe standardbaggagemass
I A ) l USG= 3.8lbs
for a domestic flight on a 300passengerseat aircraft:
I
B)1
c)1
D)l rww#eK#ffi
Wffieffi.ffss
ffi'"*'&l
I B) 55.33kg
kg per hour at 480 Ks. calculate its
and endurancefor a bulk fuel load of
I G) 55.45k9
D) 57.54kg
SG 0.8,the stad, run up + taxi
and a minimum reservefuel of '10
A) Range3379.2nm &
l24ll. (AlR: atpl, cpli HELI:atpl, cpl)
I ,688=T5c-ot-?uel h-G-6;
what ls the volume in litres ?
A) 979.66L
ded into an aircraft, B) Range3360nm &
C) Range3379.2nm &
D) Range3360nm &
I B) 9979.66L
cj 9796.6sL
D) 9785.58L
? 12509.
mass at SG 0.78 is:
A) 2153 Kg
I 12425. (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
Fortlre purposesof massand balanceJAR-OPS1 de-
fines a child as a personaged:
B) 2579Kg
c) 3095
D) 568
729×0.78
= 568.62
= 2153
✗
kg
3.785
I A) Of 2 yearsbut not havingreached15 yearsold

B) Of 3 yearsbut not havingreachedtheirtwelfihbirth-
oay
1251
lt 12 at
HELI;
are on boardan aircraft,
in USGallonsis:
C) Of 2 yearsbut not havingreachedtheirtwelfihbirth-
I oay
D) Of3 yearsbutnothavingreachedtheirfifteenthbirth-
day
Gallons
Gallons
USGallons
t 12450.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
When standard mass values are belng used,
occupyingseparatepassengsrsoats must
53 UG Gallons
The weight of 867 US Gallonsof fuel (SG0.78)ls:
I ered as;
A) adulls
B) children
A) 8122Lbs
B) 5653Lbs
C) 2560Lbs
867×3.785
=
3281.595L
=
✗
2555.6441kg
0.78
I C) infantsanerbeingweighed
D) the sameif below2 yearsof
HELI:
D) 5361Lbs
(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI;atpl,cpl)
12512.
✗ 2.20462262
= 5653
12478. The weight of 1292Litres of fuel (SG0.812)is:
I Person 13 years of
A) A child
B)An adult
A) 2313lbs
B) 2846lbs
C) 3805lbs
I C)An adultif male

D) An adultif
D) 3508lbs
124U.
I, Chooso
travel ln
as related to lnfants
betweenthe ages of 0 years

B=
HERS
KG
=
✗ 2.20462262
US Gal ✗ 3.785
A) 6 lbs
t'
IUSG CAVGAS ) =
KG= LITERS DENSITY

a personbetweenlhe agesof 0 yearsto ✗
( SG )
seatedon an adultslap increasesthe pax
l by 35 kg
infantmustalwavsbe seatedin its ownseatand
accountedfor as 35 kg
'18101.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

A helicopteris to depart at an Take-Off lass of 8220
T
are on boafd an aircraft,
ln USgallonsls: kg, Takeoff Fuel (including ReservsFuel of 710 kg)
4920 k9. Con-
I ffiiUiE
Ay#&f#
I S essv #l$[hls*rtsr*servad
B= KG ✗ 2.20462262
A) 7 822lbs HERS US Gal 3.785 18102.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
I
= ✗
B) 7 645lbs A helicopteri$ to depart at an TakF.OffMassof

1 USG ( AV GAS ) 6 lbs
C) 36 330lbs
=
kg. Take otf Fuel (includlng ReserveFuel of

D)37 166lbs KG= LITERS ✗ DENSITY is 1840kg. The Basic Empty Mass is 4940
( SG )
slderlnga tetal mass of crew and
I (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
12515.
125USGofAvgas In Litres is?
440 kg, the permissibleTrafflc Load wlll
A) 1820kg
A) 37 1 B) 1380kg
I B) 358 L
c) 460 L
D) 473 L
? C) 2740 k9
D) 920kg
I
1810E.
125J6.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) Given:
5600 USG is equlvalentto how many lmperial gal-
lons? Basic EmptyMass: kg
I A) 6338lmp
B) 4366imp
C) 4663imp
DryOperating
zeroFuelMass:
Take-off
5500k9
5980kg
7980kg
D)4848imp
I (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
12517.
125988kg ls how many pounds?
I A) 277750lbs
B) 271525lbs
C) 314970lbs
INVALID
I D) 58 458 lbs
A helicopteris performancelimitedto a landlng
lake-offmass of an aircraft is 8470kg.
Totalfuel on board is '1600kg includlng 450 kg rs'
I of 7550kg. The Basic EmptyMassis 5200kg,
OperatingMass ls 5500 kg and the Zero
is 5980k9. lf thg take-offmass is 7980
servefuel and 29 kg of unusablefuel.
- The traffic load is 770 kg.
load ls:
I A) 2780 kg
B) 2480 kg
What is the Zero Fuel Mass?
A) 6420kg
B) 6129kg
{ }
C) 2000 kg
I ?? }
C) 6899kg
-8,470
D) 480k9 INVALID Dom
D) 6870kg
2pm
*i
t kg. Take-off Fuel
ls 1750kg. The
sldErlnga total
Mass of 8040
Fuel of 680 kg)
is 5050 kg. Con-
operatlngitems ot
UF
} in
I 610kg, the
A) 730 kg
B) 1300
Load will be:
c)
I D)
I O3l - ilASS AllD EALA]'|CE
18114.
Glven:
t'r*rffiiix
zero Fuel Mass: 4920k9
.#*ffin*
*'#3fI$?*&l
I
?m[!;y}%%µm
G) 2370kg
% B) 6810kg
C) 6360kg
T D) 2980kg
ltlll, (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
D) 6225 kg
'16115.
(AlRratpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
Given: Glv6n:
I Dry Operatlngttlass:
zero Fuel Mass:
5320k9
6790kg
zero Fuel Mass:
TripFuel:
BlockFuel: kg
I
Trlp Fuel: 770 kg
Take.OffFusl: ? 1 3 1 0k 9 Taxl Fuel: 25 kg
The Traffic Load ls: The actual
I A) 1470kg
B) 3080 kg
C) 1610k9
A) 8175kg
B) 8200
cl7?10
t D) 2940 kg
l8il2. (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:alpl,cpl)
Given:
o) 81'l
HELI:
Massis the Dryoperating
t Dry Operatlng iila$; 4920kg

5740kg
kg and the Zero Fuel ilass ls 6210kg. It
mass is 8010kg the useful load is:
.m 7%%Ñ}
Zero Fuel Mass: kg
Trip Fuel: 670 k9
I TaksOff Fuel: 1050kg

800kg
1160kg
D)3210kg
62% solo
""
The Tratlic Load ls: ¥+4m

t A) 2160kg
B) 1340kg
C) 2480 kg
18129, (AlR:arpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
The Basic Empty Mass is 4960kg, the Dry Operating
lliass is 5220kg and the Zero Fuel Massis 6{140kg. lf
D) 820 kq tha take-offmass is 7630kg the ussful load ls:
I A) 2670kg
B) 2410kg
C) 1590kg
t zeroFuellllass:
TripFuel:
kg
kg
D) 820kg
BgⁿBMMMBBM
960 kg 18130,(HELI:atpl,cpl)
BlockFuel:
I Bananarama
TaxlFuel: 20 kg The basic empty mass of a helicopterls 4910kg. The
operatlonalltoms (lncluding crsw) ls glven as a mass
The actual equalto:, ot 320 kg. lf the take-off mass ls 7980kg (includinga
usablefuel quantity of 1080kg) ths useful load ls:
I A) 5890
¥ñ¥÷ } :} .mn?%BBBaaa
B) 4970 A) 2750kg
" B) 3070kg
D) C) 1670kg
I D) 1400kg
?⃝
ᵗMqmmmmmagzqggqm
'18147.
(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
of a helicopteris 5200kg. The The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded Into
(includingcrew) is given as a mass an airc.aft's tanks is given as 2200 Lltres. lf the fuel
270 kg. lf tho 79 the massof
tuel quantity
-€s#y?
Maziarz
D)
S pmwv&'f$[&'igtrts reserved
Mmmmm
18134.(HELI:atpl,cpl) 18148.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
ⁿggMMnmaammanm
The basic empty mass of a helicopte( as given in The maximum quantity of fuel ihat can be
Samek
the weighingschedule,is 4610 k9. The operatlonal into an aircraft's tanks is given as 400 US
MiMmmmmmaM
items{includlngcrew) is given as a mass of 530kg. lf the tuel density (speclficgravityl is given as 0.
the take-offmass is 6960kg (including a usablefuel mass of fuel which may be loaded is:
quantityof 800kg) the useful load ls:
A) 1916kg
MMMMM
A) 1820kg B) 1196kg
B) 1020kg C) 1437kg
c) 1330kg D) 2302 kg
D) 2350kg
i
wppnllnmnnlnnnnnn
18155,
{HELI:atpl,cpl)
MmakbMmomamsaBa
18143. The Take-off Mass ofa Totalfuel
The maximumquantityof tuel that can be loadedinto on board is 800 kg fuel and
a helicopter'stanks ls given as 1120Litres. lf the fuel 19 kg of unusablefuel. is 900kg. The
density (specificgravity)is given as 0.79the mass of Zero Fuel Massis:
fuel which may be loadedis:
mmmhhm.MG/MdhtQMp.wammnmmH
A) 5919kg
A) 1418kg B) 5900kg
B) 858kg C) 5681kg
C) 1011kg D) 5000kg
D) 885 kg
18144.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) a helicopteris 7840kg which in-

The maximumquantityof fuel that can be loadedinto of 870 kg and a usablefuel load
a helicopter'slanks is given as 565 Litres. lf the fuel standardmass for the crew is 350 kg
denslty(specificgravity)ls given as 0.79the mass of Mass is:
fuel which may be loadedis:
A) 715 kg
B) 446 kg
C) 464 kg
D) 528kg
Maggard Kg
kg
7490kg
Mmmmm
www.MMBMMMMnmn
18145.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl) TheTake-OffMassofa helicopteris 8150kg, comprls-
The maximumquantityof fuel that can Ing a Traftic Load of 990 kg and Tako-OffFuelof 2400
a hellcopter'stanks ls glven as 600 kg. The Trlp Fuel is 1630kg, what ls the Dry Operat-
the fuel denslty (speclflcgravlty) ls Ing Mass?
mass of fuel which may bs loaded
Mthatha
A) 6390kg
A) 1794kg B) 7160kg
B) 2875kg C) 4760kg
C) 2155kg D) 3130kg
D) 3453kg
Mmmmm
{8158.(HELIratpl,cpl)
ⁿBBmkmmmamwaaam
The take-offmass of a helicopteris 8210kg which in-
can be loadedinto '1720
cludesa traffic load of kg and a usablefuel load
a helicopter's as E00 US Gallons. lf of 16'10kg. lf the standardmassfor the crew is 300kg
the tuel ls given as 0,79 the the DryOperatingMassis:
massof loadedis:
www.qu
A) 4580kg
A) B) 6490kg
B) c)'7910kg
c) D) 4880kg
il Ogl - lfASS Al{D BALA]'|CE
Qruzorrexarr.*r
"
BÉBMNMaB
I
of a helicopteris 8340 kg, compris- The take.off mass of an aeroplanels 141000kg. Total
Load of '1870kg and Take.off Fuel of 1690 fuel on board is 63 000 kg including14000kg reserve
fuel.Thetraftic load is 12
;€ffim*
:
MA 4
¥÷÷¥:|
S x*w? * &x x,SW&*rassrwed
:*
.
I
%EBBʰBkUkfqggqgM
1E166.(.AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)
Take.OffMassof a helicopterls 8400kg, compris. The Take-offMass of an aeroplaneis
I ing a traffic load of 1590kg and take off fuet ot 1840

kg. The trip fuel ls 1000kg. What is the Dry Operating
Mass?
includes a traffic load of 14200kg
loadof 10500kg. It lhe standard
545 kg the Dry OperatingMassis:
I Mtg
A) 4970kg A) 56200k9
↑÷¥j:|
B) 3970kg B) 41455kg
c) 5970k9 C) 42545kg :*
D) 6810kg D) 42000kg
1
BaaamaamMBMmaaoñ
'l816l. (HELI:atpl, cpl)
The take-offmass of a helicopteris E420kg which in- mass has the loadingchart tor
cludesa traffic load of 1640kg and a usablefuel load aviationfuel if (Fueldensity =
of 1150kg, lf the standardmass for the crew is 270kg 0.78kg/l)
the Dry OperatingMass is:
A) 133
magma
A) 5900ks B )1 3 3
I B) 7050k9
q 7270kg
D) 5630k9
c)1
I
BMaamamm.MBBkaam.br
18162.(HELI:atpl,cpl) is loadedwith 27,960litres ot JETA which
The take-offmass of a helicopteris 8600kg which in- gravity of 0.81,lf the Zero Fuel Mass is
cludesa traffic load of 1890kg and a usablefuel lbs the OperatingMasswill be:
I of 1230kg. lf the standardmassfor the crew is 190
i:&
the Dry OperatingMass is: 214 825tb
a') 226 512 tb "
Bagga
A) 8410kg c) 240 941 tb
B) 5480kg D) 187648lb
C) 5290kg
D)6710ks 20100.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
Using the following, calculate the traftic mass:
BaaaamammMBBkBawⁿnmm
18163, (HELI:atpl,cpl)
Thetake-offmass of a PLTOM: 68000kg
on boardis 1900kg lncludlng Taxl mass: 67640k9
20 kg of unusablefuel, The DOM: 38600k9
zero fuel mass ls: Landingmass: 60500kg
Maag
A) 6780kg Operatingmass: 50000kg
B) 6100kg Trip fuel: 7000kg
c) 7120kg PLLM: 64800kg
D) 7100kg MZFM: 59000kg
A) 19260k9
I El64. B) 17500kg
aircraftis 117000 kg, com- C) 17460kg
prising l8 000kg andfuelof 46 000kg. D) 28500kg
Mass?
F¥i:&
\olrl. lltn: atpt,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)

posslble last minute change The Take-Offlvtassof an aircraft ls 3520kg, the Land-
using tho followlng lnfomation: Ing Massis 3280kg and the Basic EmptyMassis'1875
: and the trafiic
:
Av$ffir# .r$m
: A) 240 kg
ffi&s*r &{$[&ilghtsressrvsd (AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
20112.
B) 700kg An aircrafthas a Dry OperatingMa$ of 37
t C) 3700 kg
D) 2300 kg
The PerformanceLimlted Take-OffMass is 67
and the PerformanceLimited Landingllass
The Certificateof Alrworlhiness Maximum
20104. (AlR:stpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) Take.OfiMass is 66,000k9,the Maxlmum
I A MRJTb aboutto makeascheduledEuropeanfl19ht,

uslng the followhg Information calculate the most
llmltlng TOMfor the alrcraft:
Landing Mass ls 54,000k9and the
Fuel Mass ls 52,000k9.The fuel load
16,000k9.Allowlng 500k9 for start,
I
and 12,400k9fortrip fuel the
ItzFM: ? 56000ks load ls:
itLM: 58600kg
A) 12300kg
iITOM: 66800kg
B) 13500kg
1 PLLM:
PLTOM:
Takeofffuel:
59000kg
65000kg
13400kg
C) 14600k9
D) 13100k9
Trlp fuel: 8100kg
I A) 65000kg
B) 69400k9
C) 66700kg
equlvalbnt
to
a maximum Yolume
at 0.80 SG. The tank is
loaded with the volumeof fuel that can
I D) 04100kg
20108.
bs loaded
A) 1
B)
Standardmassesforflight deck and cabin crewsfrom
I JAR OPSsubpartJ are?
A) 90 kg and85 k9
,- B) 85 kg and75 kg
| Slffl88ti3li _3-r)
limited MaximumTakeOtf ltass of
specimenaircraft is /+800lb and the pertormance
I
(AlR:atpl,cpl HELI:atpl,cpl)
20110. Maximum Landing ilass 4400 lb. The Baslc
Giventhe following information: Emptylttassi9 3210lb and the tlight is to bo conduct-
ed with two pilotswhose massesare {80 lb and 210lb
Baslc EmptyMass: respectively.The fuel load on take-offis 106USGand
I Dry OperatingMass:
Zgro Fuel Mass:
Traffic load:
the trlp fuel ls 86USG.The maxlmumAllowedTntffc
Load is:
A 680tb
Fuel:
I TheAll UpMassis:
A) 50900kg
B) 514lb
c) 870rb
D) 565rb
I B) 53000kg
C) 44700kg
D) 61300kg
I O3l-02-04Effects of overloading
I in thissub-chaDter. No Questionsin this sub-chapter.

a
O3I . MASS AND BALANCE
@'gg;y*,"",
031.04 CENTREOF GRAVTTY
031-03-01
Definitionof Centreof cravity
A) thefentle of gravityof the aeroplane

rBffiffiss,reserved
I D) pointwhereall lhe aircraftmassis considered
to be
D) the datum
I concentrated
f t085. {AlR:atpl, cpt; HELI:atpl,cpt)
A location in the aeroplane which
numberdesignatingits distance
The centreof gravity of a body is that point: known as:
I A) whichis alwaysusedas datumwhencomputingmo-
ments
A) Station
B) Momenl
B) wherethe sum of the momentsfrom the extemal c) MAC
I forcesactingod the bodyis equalto zero

C) wherethe sumof the externalforcesis equallo zero
D) throughwhichthe sum of the forcesof all massesof
D) Index
the bodyis consideredto act The CG
1059.(AlR:atpl,cpl;) A) set by
The centreof gravity locatlon of the aeroplanels nor- B) set by
I mally computedalong the:

A) verticalaxis
B) lateralaxis
D)
I
C) longitudinalaxis
D) horizontalaxis known as:
1067.(AlR;atpl,cpl;) index
I The centreof gravity of an aeroplaneis at 25%of lever

MeanAerodynamicChord,This meansthat the the moment
of gravity of the aeroplaneis situated at D) the momentarm or balancearm
lengthof:
I A) the meanaerodynamic
tum
chordin
The centreof gravity of an aircraft:
A) is in a fixedposilionandis unafiected
by aircraflload-
B) the mean aerodynamicchord in
I ing edge
C) the meanaerodynamic
ing edge
chord
ing.
B) mustbe maintainedin a fixedpositionby carefuldis'
tribution ofthe load.
D) lhe aeroplanein relation C) can be allowedto movebet'iveen detinedlimits.
I Thedatum to be along the

D) mayonlybe movedif permittedbythe regulating
thorityandendorsedin lhe aircraft's
certificateof airworthiness.
au-
I longitudinalaxis:
A) betweenthe
B) between trailingedgeof the MAC
(Refetto CAP696figuro 3-1)
For the light twin engine piston propelleraetoplane
I
C) but betweenthe noseand the the datumis located:
tail
D)at A) At the leadingedgeof the MAC
B) 78.4"FWD of the wing leadingedgeat the inboard
I edgeof the inboardfueltank

C) On the noseof the aeroplane
D) 78.4cm FWDofthe wingleadingedgeatthe inboard
edgeof the inboardfueltank
I
Makhdoom
'18154.
(HELI:atpl,cpl)
Akram
2-'tl Thoslngle point,throughwhich the resultantof all the
piston/propelloraeroplanethe indivldual mass components making up the loaded
'fi*-"#ffiAtn.co
C of G limits are:
iil..-..AilIIATIMMzmggqm
I 12463;
S n*sr ' AT$'"#ffr'hts
reserved u 20075.(AlR:aipl,l$; HELI:atpl, cpl)
./
o-nan aircraft through Thetrue definitionof the datum point is:
which the total (ii) is conslderedto act vertically(iiil.
I
A) the cenke of gravityrelatedto the noseof the
A) (i) datum(ii) mass(iii)upwards craft
B) (i) datum(ii) moment(iii)downwards B) a referencepointfor calculatinglhe centre
C) (i) point(ii)momenl(iii)upwards , sure
I D) (i) point(ii)mass(iii)dolvnwards
18{{6..
C) a point in lhe fuselage which all the
lhrough
D) a referencepointtom whereall
In csnttc of gravity caleulationsthe datum is: taken for centreof gravity
I A) The fxed reGrenceaboutrlhich momentsare taken

to calculatethe positionofthe c€ntreof pressure
B) The txed referenceaboutwhich momentsare laken
the positionofthe centreof gravity
to calculate
C) The pointthroughwhichthe centreol gravityacts
D) The horizontalreferenceused to calculatelhe heli-
copter'semptycentreof gravity
I .879.(AlR atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpll
lWhen an aeroplaneL€tation-ary
031-03-02
Balanceof forcesand
on the ground, its gear Ftraction, how
I
total weightwill act vertically: atfect the location of the centre.of
A) throughits centreof gravity the aeroplane?
B) throughits centreof pressure affectthe cg location
C) lhroughthe mainwheelsof its undercarriage
assem, causethe cg to moveaff
I bly
D) througha polntdefinedas the datumpoint
causethe cg to moveforward
cg locationwill change,but the directioncannot
be toldthe information given
I 902.(AlR:atpl,cpli HELI:atpl,cpll
The centre of gravity of an aeroplaneis
throughwhlch the total mass of the
10?4.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
Which of the following ls unllkely to have any etfect
to act The weightacts in a direction: on the posltion of the centre ot gravity on an aero-
parallelto the aeroplane's planein flight?
A) ah,,.ays
B) parallelto the gravityvector A) Lowerlngthe landinggear
C) at rightanglesto the flight B) Changingthe tailplane(horizontalstabiliser)inci-
I D) governedby the
aeroplane
withinthe denceangle
C) Movementof cabinattendantsgoingabouttheirnor-
malduties
r€'!09. (AtR:atpt,cpt; HELt: D) Normalconsumption of fuel for a sweptWng aero-
I Th=wefiFt oi an aer91 is In lavel non ac- plane
t celerated
f|ght, ls sl#
A) always of the aeroplane
I B) venjcally
c)
D)
of pressure
datumpoint
centreof gravity
I
O3I . MASS AHD BALATiICE
Qralr,Sgn"*"*
t 23t0. 18077.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
(Referto figure 031_8.7)
Forthe followlnqboomto be in balance:
ff$ "ss3'ffi
= --(Fax A
I r?fffiiHre$e
'18078'.{AlR:
atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl
(Referto figu16031_8.81
A loadedaircraftweighs4200lb with a C of G 9 inches
AFT of the datum.An extra 200 lb ls loaded Into the
For the following boom to be in
A)A=B+Fb/Fa
B)A=BxFaiFb
aircraft40 Inches FWDot the datum. The new C of G
posltlon ls: C)A=B(Fa+Fb)
D)A=BxFb/Fa
4 6.8 inchesF\ /D
B) 3.0 inchesAFT 20093.(AlR:atpl, cpl; l
G) 6.8 InchesAFT? What centre ot gravity be expected on
D) 3.0 inchesF\ /D gear retraction?
t2,t42.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HFLI:atpl,cpl)
A) CGmoves
I The undercarriageof an aeroplanemoves rearward

when it is being retracted.Doesthls affect the CG?
B)CGmoves
C) no
D) CG
CG position
A) N0,lhe positionof the CG wouldremainlhe same
I B) Yes, but the CG movementcould not be calculated

C) Yes,the CG would moveafi
D) Yes,the CGwouldmovefoMard
I 12471.(AlR:arpt,cpt;HELI:atpt,cpl)
For a large aircraft where the main and nose landing
gears retract forward, the effect on the cG on
I ing the gear isl

A) to moveaft
B)to movefoMard
I C)to remainstatic
D)to moveforwardthenaft
.y'6075.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
I "iR6i6;i6T6ireo3l-s-5)
For the followlng se€€aw to
A)Fb=AxFa/B
B)Fb=A+FalB
C )F b = A x B / F a
D)Fb=BxFa/A
to be ln balancs:
l
le**'*'-.'"*' JAATEST PREP SERIES
Basiccalculationsof CG
031-03-03
D) 34 300
S g*sr D) Hasa positivearm and lhereforegeneratesa posi-
tivemoment
r'i-ugl-! l84sleclEEugplsli
A)Arm= Force/ Moment
. s0/ A t6i-d'iEced6-rwaro of tne oatum:
⇐ 1',
B)Arm= Moment / Force
C) Moment= Forc€/ Arm
D)Arm= ForceX Moment moment = force ✗ arm
A) Hasa negativearm andtherefore
tivemoment
B) Hasa negativearm andtherefore
q\ moment ÷ arm
force tivemassandmoment
L t23fi, (AlR:atpl,cpl; )
=
1"ine6i6TiF65s nsurea-z) C) Has a positivearm and posF

moment ÷ force
arm
=
live massandmoment
D) Hasa positivearm and a posr-
Block fuel = 100gal
Trip fuel = 55 gal tivemoment
I Fueldenslty=6lbsrgal
Detetmlneblockfusl moment:
v 2oo7a.
calculatlng of gravlty,the
corroctformulais:
I A) I 360
B) 56 160
c) 30 888
A) moment=
B) moment
D) 430 546 C)mass=
I 12439. (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
tif atl the momentsare positivewhen calculatlngmass
D)
I {welght)and batance,the posltlonofthe datumwould

beatlhe:
A) traitingedgeof thefing fV
_ np/
B) mainwheelscentreline /
I C) nose,or foMardof the aircrafr
D) centrelineofthe noseor tailwheeldependingon
aircrafitype
(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI;atpl,cpl)
V124,10.
The position of the centre of gtavity
detemlned by:
thetotalmassfrom
A) subtracting
B)subtractingthetotalmoment
C) divldingthetotalmassbYthe
I D) dividingthe totalmoment
I From data sheet

allowancefor
volumeofthe fuel
taxl as per ths workod
ll"s*ii"ffi
nf B)3.8
I stil
O3I . MASS AI{D BALAHCE Qperyrsxrx,""r
03{.03-04Area Load,RunningLoad,Supporting
,?t-
floor
k9 is to
A) 30
B)40trn x
ffiKee*.rsrffi
i l @ z o o ? - A l right* rs*arvad
Jzros.
I From tbe manualfor the single engino plston/propel'

ler aeroplane,the maximumfloor loading is:
A) 50 lbs per sq foot
I B) 100lbs per sq foot

C) 50 lbs per sq footand 100lbs per sq foot
D) 50 lbs per sq foot betweenfront and rearspars(ln-
dudes baggagezone A) and 100 lbs per sq foot
I elsewnere(baggagezonesB & c)
I
I
I
't
I
I
li
l
ll
li
li
03{.04 MASS AND BALANGE DETAILS OF AIRGRAFT
Contentsof Massand Balancedocumentation

031-04-01
this question
A) FoMard
ii;-ffil"#tiui graph
from the_Appropriate
B) Forwardlimit limil27.2% MAC aircraft

C) Forwardlimil 8.6% MAC aft limit 27.00/0MAC C) chosenon the longitudinalaxis of the aircraft
D) FoMard limit 7.4% MAC afr limit 27.0% MAC necessarilysituatedbetweenthe leadingedge
trailingedgeof the wing
D) chosenon the longitudinalaxis of the
(Forthis questionuseCAP696- Figure4.'tl) alwavsat thelire-walllevel
An aeroplanehas a landing mass of 53 000k9.The y'068.(AlR:atpl,cpl;) 4

v (Refer
range of safe CG positions, as determinedfrom the to cAP696tt gure 441 )
appropriategraph in the loadirtgmanual,is: With referenceto the attached
the leading edge of the MAC
A) FoMardlimit8.2%MACaft limit27.00/0MAC
B) Fo ard limit7.8%MACafi limit27.0%MAC A) Undefined
C) Forwardlimit7.3%MACafl limit26.80lo
MAC B) 525.6m
D) Forwardlimit8.7%MACafi limit26.8010
MAC c) 625.6in
D) 525.6in
(ForthisquestionuseCAP696- Figure4,11) \zaas.
(Referto
The aeroplanehas a mass of 51 000 kg in the cruise.
The range of safe CG positions, as determlnsdfrom Fromths what is the fwd CG limit
the approprlategraph in the loading manual,ls: for an ot 3500lb?
A) forwardlimit7.7%afi limit25.2%MAC A) +
B) forwardlimit8.0%an limit27.2%MAc B)
C) forwardlimit7.6%aft limit26.9%MAC
D) forwardlimit8.3%aff limit26.3oi6
MAC
912.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:arpl,cpl)
(Forthis questionuseCAP696- Figure4.11) 4-7 & 4-6)
Theaeroplanehas a TakeOffMassof 58000kg. the data sheet for a medium range twinjet de-
mass the range of safe CG positions, as the moment effect ot 20 passengerswithout
from the appropriategraph In the loading hand baggagelocatedin zone E:
A) FoMardlimit9.5%MACafi limit26.1% A) 108780kg forceinches
B) FoMardlimit8.2%MACaft limit26 B) '1181040 kg forceinches
C) Forwardlimit8.0%MACafl limit C) 1 305360kg forceinches
D) Forwardlimit8.5%MACan limit D) 1 212 120kg forceinches
HELI:
datumof an aeroplane ummm
mmmm
(HELI:atpl,cpl)
18080.
(Refertofigure 031_9-5)_
A) not alwaysbetween tail
MMaummnnuommnmnak.
mountainous mn
At the MaximumLanding Mass the range of safe CG
B) alwaysbetlveenthe positions,as determinedfrom the appropriategtaph
C) betweenthe the trailingedge of
in the manual.is:
the MAC
D) betweenthe and the irailingedge of A) Forwardlimit4,52m, aft limit4,85m
the wing B) FoMardlimit4,40m, at limit4,90m
C) Forwardlimit4,47re:aft limit4,86m .
D) FoMardlimit4,50m, aft limit4,85m
O3I .IIASS AHD BAI,ANCE
ffnonaxa;t.",
o 2006
mammalians mammonism
18095.(HELI:atpl, cpl
(Referto figure 031
mammogram mammogram
reference(datum plane)
.
Matamoros - Al MMMTMMMtakmmmY
::?ffiiry6h? .44 m, an Imrt 4.65 m
MMMMM(HELI:atpl,cpl)
18082.
(Referto tigure 031_9-5)
1.s'f19.(AlR:atpl, cph )
4ongltudlnal cG tocation is normatly
A) as a percentage of the MAC
monogamous
The hellcopter has a landing mass of 7500 kg. The B) as a percentage of the MAC
range of saf€ CG positions as determinedfrom the C) withrespectto the neutral
approprlategraph in the manual,ls: D) withrespectto ihe centre
MMÑadmMkm
A) Forwardlimit4,40m, afi limit4,90m
www.mmmnmmmmmmnaaaanmma
B) FoMardlimit4,50m, aft limit4,86m 18136.(HELI:atpl,cpl)
C) FoMardlimit4,40m, afl limit4,85 m Thelongitudinal (helicopter):
D) FoMardlimit4,44 m, afrlimit4,88m
MYMUmmMmmmomnÑmmmm.
A) Mustbe rotormast
B) Mustbe lhemainrotormast
{8083.(HELI:atpl,9E!) C) Canbe
(Referto figure 031
031-9-5) of lhe mainrotormasi
D) Mustbe
MHMAHMVakwauuaa.mn
The belicopterhas a Take-Offtt/lassof 7000kg. At this
mass the range of safe CG positions, as determined
trom the appropriategraph in the manual,ls: mmmmm
of gravity datum(helicopter):
YyMᵗWⁿÑnmmhmmmm
betweenthe foMardand afi centre
Matamoros
A) FoMardlimit4,40m, afl limit4,90m
B) Forwardlimit4,52 m, afi limit4,85m
C) FoMardlimit4,40m, aft limit4,67m )catedanwhere
GhAtMmmnmnmmn
locatedforwardof or in linewiththe noseof
annum
D) Forwardlimit4,52m, afl limit4,67m
helicopter
be locatedin linewiththe mainrotormast
Mammalians
(Refer to ligure 031-9-8)
mgummaaaaaaaaaMmaamammm
where has the longitudinal reference
been defined on the single engine
ftre tongitudinalrefetence(datum line) for determin'
Ing the momentarm ls detined:
MmmMMMBmMmmm
SEPHI? A) by lhe manufacturer of the helicopter
mqmmtommgnana.am
A) 100inchesforwardof mainrotor B) by the operatorof the helicopter
C) by the NationalAviation Aulhority
B) At the centrelineof the
rotor D) by the pilotin commandof the helicopter
C) Thelongitudinal
Mmmmm
reference
MtBkmmowmm
D)At thecentreof gravity l8!39. (HELI:atpl,cpl)
Ttreiongitudinal reference(datumline) tor determin-
mmmammamn.im
18094(HELI:atpl,cpl)
ing the momEntarm is generallylocated:
mMaagMM%mmaammMnmmom
(Refer to figure 031- A) at ihe centreof gtavity
B) belowthe rotorc€nlre
Where ls the at basic C) afrof the helicopter
empty mass of the single engine D) forwardof the helicopter
plston
I
manhattans
A) at the
B)atl
c)
I
I
t,-
\'20118.
HELI: (AlR: atpl, cpl; )
weight of an (Referto figure031_4-11)
I of removabls equip- With referenceto the MRJT.what are the limits for the
at TOM of
:
and
in the
.#&#??
&?#$l.&&k*s
reserv&d
t fuel
D) Foundinthe Manualandincludes
engine (AlR:atpl,cpl;)
20121.
(Relerto figure 031_441)
I d;^'."*,
Wherels the percentageMAGmeasuredtrom?
What are the limits for the CG as a percentageot
aircraft'sMACat its maximumtaxi mass?
A) 88.5%to 94.5016
A) Thedatum B) 9.5%to 26%
B) Thewingleadingedge Cl 7 .5o/olo 27o/o
C) Thewingtrailingedge O) 12o/oto 20n/o
D) Thenoseof the aircrafl
,1
031-04-02
Aircraftweighing
962.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl) 1049.
An aeroplaneis weighed prior to entry into service. measurethe mass
Who is responsibletor deriving the Dry Operational shouldbe weighed
Mass from the welghedmass by the addition of the A) 1 pointof
I 'operationalitems'?
A) The Operator
B) The appropriate
AMationAuthority
B) 2 pointsof
C)3 pointsof
D)4 point
I C) The aeroplane
D)The commander
manufacturer
or supplier
ofthe aeroplane 1064.
Ana a two wheel nose gear and four
on the ground with a single nose
953.{AlR:atpl,cpl;}
I lf individual massesaneused. the mass of an aero-
plane must be determinedprior to initial entry into
serviceand thereafter:
kg and a singlemainwheelloadof
distance betweenthe nose wheelsand
is 10 mete6. Ho$.far is the centreof
front ol the main wheels?
I A) at intervalsof 4 yearsif no modifications

prac€
B) at regularannualintervals
havetaken
cm
25 cm
4 meter
C) only if major modificationshave laken place
I D) at intervalsof I years
1004.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
D )4 1 . 6c m
lPo
" when preparing{o carry out the weigtringprocedure
I An aeroplane may be weighed:

A) in an areaof the airfieldset
B) in a quietparkingareaclearof
on an aeroplane,which of the following is not re-
qulred?
A) drainall useablefuel
I ing area
C) in an enclosed,non-air
D) at a speciied'weighing
B) drainall enginetankoil
C) drainall chemicaltoiletfluidtanks
D) removablepassengerservicesequipmentto be off-
loaded
I 1020.(AlR:atpl,cpl; )
An aeroplane
Where an
must at cerlaln lntervals.
'masses
and provlded
.12201.(AlR:arpl,cpl; )
'(Refer
to fr'gure031-S-2)
that changes documented.this
I lntervalis:
A) 4
Whereis the centreof gravity of the aeroplanein the
diagram?
A) 26.57cm afi of datum
B) 9
I c) modification is carriedout
of AiMorthinessis renewed
Certificate
B) 32.29cm aft of datum
C) 26.57cm forwardof dattrm
D) 32.29cm forwardof datum
t Ogl - lrlASS At'lD BALAileE
{Qrranorleecrr"*o
'Mgggkammamampm
17320.(HELI:atpl,cpl)
t of 43 aircraft, how many alr-

bo welghed at the same tlme to maintain
The followlng results wero obtainsdafter welghlng a
helicopter:
t ffieX.d&n*
Mmmm Mm
S g*g? * &l
t
I
not within a fleet mass evaluation
programmust be welghed:
A) Everyyear
aminotransferase
rotor axis and the rsar points are locatgd
the rotor axis, The longitudinalCG
to lhe datum ls:
ahahaha
A) 3.36m
B) Everyotheryear B) 0.04m
C) Everythirdyear c) 3.,+4
m
t D)Everyfourthyear D ) 1 . 1 8m
Mggqgkammamampm
12498.(AlR:atpl,cpl;) 17324.(HELI:atpl, cpl)
The interval betwgPn2 fleet mass evaluationsmust
I aftet weighing a
The tollowing results
not exceed: helicopter:
A) 48 months
Mamma Bata
B) 36 months mass at front 300kg
C) 24 months mass at dght | 100kg
D) 12 months mass at left 950 kg
aminotransferase
ql r250r.(AtR:arpt,cpt;) It is point ls located 0.30 m left
ʰommg@g%My
An aeroplanewith a two wheelednose gsar and four of the and the rear polnts arg sym-
main wheels resG on the ground wlth a single nose .20m from this axls.The helicoptor
wheel load of 725 kg and a single main wheel load of relatlveto the longltudinalaxis ls:
6000k9. The distance betweenthe nose wheels and
the mainwheelsis l0 metens,Horefar ls the centreof
gravity in tront of the main wheels?
A) 25 cm
B) 40 cm
Mkgggkmmaammsg
C) 57 cm
D) 63 cm the tollowing values are
noted:
Mmmm Mm
hs weights measuredat the landing Forurardpoint: 350kg
craft are as follows : Aft right point: 995 kg
Aft left point: 1 205kg
Nosewheel
human
ʳm?gkfʰ%
(55 lnchesaft of datum): What is the longitudinalCc-position In relationto the
Rlght mainwheel datumsltuated4 m In front of the rotor axis, knowing
I (121Inchesaft ot datum:
Left malnwheel
(121hches aft of
that the foffvard polnt is at 2.5 m forward of the roto.
axis and the aft polnts are 1 m aft ot the rotor axis?
A) 4.52m
I TheGofGofthe
A) 104.6in
B) 4.09m
Ql 4.21m
D )4 . 1 5m
B) 106.4in
I c) 108.8
D)l
ll
l
JAI TEST PREP SERIES
20123.(AlR:atpl, cpl; )
and the following recordings (Referto figure031-8'9)
balculatethe centre of gravity for the aircraft In the
r wheelassembldba
ffi':,x$i:1l"ffi
kg
&
g*$f
1.200k9
lfthe
kg with a
rsssrved
&{*m$We**s
enteredln the C) 262cm aft
A) 32 505kg D) 275cm aft
B) 30 180kg
c) 28 400 kg 20124.(AlR:atpl,cpl;)
D) 31 960ks tneGiio ng;re 03l-e'to)
What is the centreof gravtty Positionof the
bonnoooooaonmnnnn
l8lE2.(HELI:
atpl,cpl) in the diagram,glven:
W[en iFa reweis-hlng of a helicoPterrequired?
Left maln: 1620kg
MMMMM
A) At leasteveryfour Years t Right maln: '1632kg
Mmmmm
B) Priorto everyflight Nose:640kg
C) DuringeveryYearlyinspection
D)Afterevery400-hrsinspection A) 24.7"F\ /D of the Datum
B) 33.1'FWDofthe
C) 24.6'AFTof the
4999!J4!B:3!r!4PlirE!!i!!PE4 who is resPonsible D) 13.1"AFTof the
Ailtr; re-weEtrinfifan aircraft, I
fol establishingthe DOM? ^ _ sl
- 20125.
t\ Il ./
A)operator LUV
B)commander /' Calculatethe f6r the aeroPlaneIn the
C)manufacturer diagram,
D)theAuthority
Nose 7.800kg
Left r {1.800kg
11,400kg
of datum
of datum
afl of datum
m afi ofdalum
031-04-03Extractlon of datafrom documentation

9o4. aAlR:atDl. cPl; HELI: atpl, cpl)
882.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl) e structural maximum
T6;Aimum aircraft mass excluding all i,fiEtftrl|ar-iciii;;
masswithout any fuel on board, other than unusable
ls:
quantities,is:
A) fixed and listedin the Aircrafl
B) variableandis set bYthe A) a variablevaluewhich is governedby the payload
C) fixed by the Physicalsize of cargo canied
B) a nxedvatuewhichis statedin theAeroplaneOperat'
holds
D) variableanddependson loadlor the ingManual
trip C) a iariabtevaluewhichmaylimitthe payloadcarried
Di a nxeOvaluewhichwill limitthe amountof fuel car-
ried
O3l .llASS AllD BAL/AIIICE
'1080.(AlR: atpl, cPI;

)
(or ramp)mass is that (for this Questionuse CAP696- Figures4'1& 4.21
may be loaded prior to
iet the datum polnt is lo-
soar
,ffs#g'$
forwardof the frontspar
9"P$Sefl4f,g$9
fromdatagiven
are calculated
in the FlightManual 12209.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
Tne emptl' rn'ass ot an 'aeropt'aneis
1010. (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) A) the loadingmanifest.lt differs
Th; MaximumZero Fuel Massis the massof the aero- Massby the valueof the
planewlth no usable fuel on board. lt is a limitation B) the loading manifest.lt
which is: by the valueof the lrafiic
A) listedin the FlightManualas a fixed value.lt is a C) the weighingschedule to take ac-
structurallimit counlof changes of the aero-
B) governedby the rpquirements ofthe centreof gravity prane
limitsandthe structurallimitsof the aeroplane D) the weighing occur,dueto mod-
C) tabulatedin the FlightManualagainstargumentsof ifications,the be re-weighedalways
airfieldelevationandtemperature
D) governedby the trafficloadto be canied.lt alsopro-
'wingbending'
videsprotection tom excessive I
the MEPI aircraft is:

in relation to an aeroplane,the term BASIC EMPTY of the datum
MASSlncludes the mass of the aeroplanesttucture aff of the datum
completewith its powerplants,systems, furnishings aft of the datum
and other items of equipmentconsideredto be an in- afl of the datum
tegral part of the particular aeroplaneconfiguration.
Its value is:
A) inclusiveof an allowancefor crew crew ligure 44)
andotheropetatingitems.lt is enteredin the
manifest or a mediumrangetwin jet aircraftwith a CG located
B) foundIn the latestversionof the weighing at 18%MAC at 62 0OOkg gross mass, determinethe
as conectedto allowfor modifications stabilisertrim units requiredfor a lake-offflap setting
C)foundin theiight manualandis ot l5'.
fuel Dlusfiuidscontainedin closed
A) 3.25
D) printed in the loading manual and
B) 2.5
tuel c) 3.0
D\ 2.75
HELI:
basic mass foundin: I
i2490.(alR:atpl,cpl; )
A) The weighing FlightManual iF6tdioaAP596 fisure 4-s)
andlhe aeroplane if equipment
changecauses or balance Fromthe data shest for a mediumrangetwinjet deter'
B) The loading - trafficload minetho amount of unusablefuel In the alrctaft:
C) In the is ZFM- upefulload
the AircraftFlightManual A) 17.1US gallonsat 50 kg
D) The
of anymasschang- B) '17.1US gallonsat 52 kg
andis account
C) 17.0US gallonsat 50 kg
D) 17.0USgallonsat 52 kg
?HEBA BzGBs§•q@m%. ↳•
•
(Referto figure 031-9-1)
at 2.97m. The
[:"Wrxx
c) -1 @zsor aft limit,thusoutsidethe allowablerange.
l2il98. (AlR: atpl, cpl; , C) Yes,the reducedmasscan only havea positive
(Referto cAP696ligures 4-l &4-2) fect
From the medium range twinjet data sheet give the O) Yes,the new centreof gravityis now located
dlstanceof body station 727Ffrom the front spar; forwardwithinthe allowablerange.
A) + 540inches 18092.(HELI:atpl,cpl)
B) + 313inches (Refer to tigure 031_9-1)
C) + 287inches
D) + 187inches The aft centre-otgftivity limli ls m.
1 The datum ls locatedin front of ls lt al-
(HELI:atpl,cpl)
18088. lowedto fly under otherwlse lfa
(Referto figure 031_9-7) pllotls weighing10 kg more
For the transporl helicopterTETH1,from the Pilot's A) Yes,the increased a positiveef-

Flight Manual,determinethe maximumtotal mass ol iect
tuel which can be loadedInto the Standardtank ver- B) Yes,the new now locatedmore
slon: backward range
C)Yes,the new is located1 cm foMard
A) 1869kg of the afl the allowablerange
B) 2367 kg D) No,the is located1 cmaffofthe
C) 2996kg aft the allowablerange
D) 8240kg
(HELI:arpl,cpD
18089. Massof a helicopteris recordedin:
(Referto figure 031_9-7)
scheduleand is amendedto take ac-
For the transport helicopterTETHI, trom the Pilot's changesdueto modifcationsofthe helicop-
Fllght Manual,determinethe maximumtotal volume
of fuel which can be loaded into the Standardtank weighingschedule.lfchangesoccur,dueto mod-
Yerston: the helicoptermustbe re-weighed always
the loadingmanifest.lt differstom Dry Operating
A) 8240 Massby lhe valueof the usefulload
B) 2121 D) the loadingmanifesl.lt differsfrom the Zero Fuel
c) 2367 Massby the valueof the trafficload
D) 1868
18090.(HELI:atpl,cpl) Thi forwaro centre-of-gravitylimit of a helicopteris

{Refer to figure 031-9-t} locatedat 2.54 m. The maximumallorvablemass has
beenreached.The loading computationhas shown a
The aft centre-of{ ravltylimit m, The torward centre-of{ravlty position at 2.53 m' (Theda'
datumls locatedin front of it allowed tum is tocatedforwatd of the helicopter.)What must
to fly underotherwise f a pllot is be done beforethe flight?
u,elghing{0 kg less as
A) Shiftsomethingof loaditemsto a moretearposition
A) No,thenew 1 cm aff oflhe andcomputeagain
aftlimit(thus range) B) Load somethingat of the centre-of-gravityso thal
B) Yes,the only havea positiveef- the helicopterregainsthe allowablecentre-of{ravity
fect range
C) Yes,the is located1 cm forward C) Takeofi
of the the allowablerange) D) Unloadsomethingaft of lhe centreof gravityand
of gravityis now locatedmore 'computeagain
allowablerange
O3f . MASS AllD BALiAIICE
MEGA
"Baslc Empty Mass" includes the mass
hellcopterstructure complete with its power-
trKee?.s*rr
plants,
ment
lar
A) fodnain
to all
rlghtx r**sryad
I
an al
C) foundin the flighi manualand is inclusiveof usable
I fuelplusfruidscontainedin closedsystems
D) printedin the loadingmanualand includesusable
tuel
I 20119. (AlR:atpl,cpl;)
Uslng the data for the MRJL what would be the fuel
indexflgure for a take-offfuel of 12,455kg?
I A)-S.1
B) - 7.5
|
c) - 7.8
I D) - 8.7
I
I
-l
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
JAA TEST PREPSERIES
O3{-O5DETERMINATIONOF GG POSITIOI{
031-05-01
Methods
sl 2007 '*l$"rlgk*s rsserr.&

CG !&lelation to to the cg sxpressedas % l'/lAC(mean aerodynamicchord)
I A) 645.78
B) 20.18inches
C) 605.43inchesan of datum
B) 41 o/o
C) 60 o/o
I D) 228.34inchesaff ofdatum
(For this qu€stionuse CAP696- Figure3.4!
D) 10 /6
105t.(,AlR:
atpl,cpl;)
(Foithis auestion use CAP 696 - Figure
I Wlth respec{to a multi.englneplston poweredaero-

plane,detemlne the total moment(lbs,ln) at landing
With respect to multi-engine piston
plane,dstsrmlnsthe block fuel
In the followlngcondltlons:
I
following conditions:
1
Baslcempty mass: 3 2{0 lbs Basicempty mass: 0 lbs
Onepllot i60 lbs Basicarm 88.5lnch
Front seat passenger:
I
200 lbs One pllot: 160lbs
Centreseat passengers: 290lbs (total) Frontseat passenger: 200lbs
One passengerrearseat lto lbs Centreseat 290lbs (total)
BaggageIn zone l: 100lbs One passengerrear ll0lbs
I BaggageIn zone4:
Blockfuel:
Trlp fuel:
50 lbs
100US Gal
55 US Gal
Fuel tor start up and taxl (included in block fuel): 3
Baggage in zone
Baggagein
Block fuel:
100lbs
50 lbs
100USGal
Tripfuel: 55 US Gal
I US Gal
FuEldensity:6 lbs./UsGal
Totalmomentat take-off:432226lbs.ln
Fuelfor
3 US Gal.
6 lbs.rus Gal,
I A) 433 221
B) 401338
c) 433900
D) 377746
I /tnu.o r*rt r"

What is lhe CGas a percentageMAC of the tully
HELI:
calculatsths loadod
I
ed aircraftbelow? bentreof gravlty (cA),
BEM 12000kg STATIONitASS (k9) /ARM (cm) , MOMENT(kgcm)
Arm 3m Baslc Empty Condltlon 12045 30 f361350
I CG
MAC
ItemBalancearm:
25%
2m
Crew
Freight1
Freight2
a45 -160
5455 +200
410 40
-23200
+{091000
-16400
Fuel 6045 -8 48360
I Frontseats
Rearseats
FuelSG
oil
A) 56.35cm aft datum
124 +40 +4960
Fuel B) 56.53cm aff datum

Fuelalm C) 60.16cm afi datum
RearseatsEmpty D) 53.35cm aff datum
Pllot
I
Passenget
A) 1 6
B) 1 9oh
c)21
I D)
I O3I . MASS AND BALAilCE
centre of gravity In % MAC (meanaero- The mass and balance information gives:
chord) with following data:
I 200kg
ni€ffwffi
-Ba-sic-'mass:
ffiiffiffi-d"**sm
S x*wx * &g
at 25% of the mean aerodynamicchord (MAC).
I
PositionArm front seats:
I 1071.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:arpl,cpl)
(Forthis Questionuse CAP696- Figures2.1 - 2,4)
PositionArm rear seats:
PositionArm rear hold:
PositionArm fuel tanks:
With respectto a single.englnepiston poweredaero'-
plane,determinethe zero fuelrnoment (lbs.ln,/100)in
The pilot and one passenger weighs 80
the following conditions: kg. Fueltankscontain140 with a den-
sity of 0.714,The rear Tari fuel
Baslc Empty Mass: 2415lbs is negligable,
Arm at Basic Empd Mass: 77,9In
CafgoZoneA: 350lbs The position of at take-off {as %
BaggageZoneB: 35 lbs MAC)is:
Pilot and front seat passenger: 300lbs (total)
A) 29 v"
A) 6675 ar22o/o
B) 2548,8 c) 34
c) 2496,3 o) 17
D )2 3 1 1 , 8
has a mean aerodynamlcchord (MAC)
I (Referto CAP695figure 44)

With referenceto the attachedchart, What is the CG
as a percentageof the MAC if the CG is 650 inches
The leading edge of this chord ls at
of 625.6inches aft of the datum. Glve the
of the csntre of gravity of ths asroplane In
from the datum? of percentageMACIt the massofthe aeroplane
I A) 17.03%
B )1 8 . 1 4 %
cl 16.250
veftically through a balancearm located650
aft of the datum.
A) 85,5%
I D) 20.36% B) 75,6%
c) 18,14o/o
o ) 1 0 , 5%
I 1088.{AlR:atpl,cpl;)
The determinationot the centre of gravity in telation
to the meanaerodynamicchord:
I A) consistsof defningthe centreof gravitylongitudinal-

ly in relationto the length0f the meanaerodynamic
chordandthe trailingedge
I B) consistsof definingthe centreof gravitylongitudinal-

ly in relationto the lengthof the meanaerodynamic
chordandthe leadingedge
C) consistsofdefiningthecentreof graMtylongitudinally
in relationto the positionof the aerodynamic
conver-
gencepoint
D) consistsofdeiningthecentreofgravitylongitudinally
in relationto the posiiionof the aerodynamiccentre
I of oressure
I
12203.(AlR: alpl, cpl; )

take-off (Refsrto figure7-1)
*::'"*"'ru
STAnoNMASS(ks)11
.lll - 16400 150000kg
d xwffiY WS'#Sffi*x*"ssdsry&d
Maximumtakg-offmass:
Fuel
oil 10.5m aft of datum
I is 2 hours and the estimated aft: 13.0m aft of datum
Giventhat the flight
fuel flow will be t050 litres per hour and the average Estimatedtrip fuel:
I oll consumptionwill be 2.25litres Per hour. The spe'

clfic densityof fuel is 0.79and the specific denslty of
oil is 0.96.Calculatethe landingcentroof gravity:
A) Take-offCG is out of limitsat 12.34m aft of
B) LandingCG is out of limitsat 11.97m aft of
C) LandingCG is out of limitsat
'10.17m aft
I A) 61.26 cm aft of dalum

B) 61.28cm aft of datum
C) 61.27cm aft of datum
D)Take-offCG is out of limitsat 10.17
taat-l.raEirlrLrrlrl
D) 61.29cm afi ofdatum (Referto Figure8-13)
1
Determinethe position ot the cG as a percentageof

Withoutthe crew,the mass
tlon of the alrcraft are 6 000
CG posi-
I the MAC glventhat the balancearm of the CG is 724

lnches and the MAC extends from a balancearm of
517ln to '1706In.
the mass of the pilot is
the mass of the
the massot the
90 kg
100kg
80 kg
A) 14.2oh
I B) 15.3%
c) 16.3%
D) 17.4o/o
With ths crew,
of the aircraft
CG position
t 1096.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
(For this Questionuse CAP 696- Figure3.41
A) 6 270
B)6
c)6
I wtth respectto a multi-enginepiston poweredaero-

ptane,detemine the CG locationat take off in the fol-
lowing conditions: mass of an aeroplaneis 180
its centreof gravity locatedat 3'l % MAC
I Basic emptymass:
Basicarm
Onepilot:
3210lbs
88.5In
160
Aerodynamic Cord). Distancetrom reference
to leadingedge = 14 m. Length of MAC= 4.6 m.
prior to engine start, the local staff informs
crew that an additional load of 4 000 kg must be
I Front seat Passenger:
Centreseat passengers:
One passengerrearseat:
loaded in cargo 1 (located at 2.73 m aft of the refer-
ence point).After loading this cargo, the new centre
of gravity locationwill be:
Baggagein zone'l:
I BaggagoIn zone4:
Zero Fuel Mass:

A) 34 o/o
B) 25 ok
C) 28 Y"
Momentat Zero Fuel Mass: D\ 37 Vo
Blockfuel: US Gal
Trlp fuel: 55 US G?l
Fuelfor start up and taxl
(lncludedIn block 3 US Gal
Fuel density: 6 lbs/Us Gal
A) 91.92inches
B)9r.69
c) 93.60
D)91.84
I o3t . ilass al{D BAL/al{cE
t is parked with the following (Refetto Figure8'13)
I S:Iriffi&tri$Kffi#ffi and the CG positionof
ss?x
'"?$*m- Al #flHffits'trgggFwd
32%MAC - the massof the copilotls 75
t 4.6m With this crew on board, the CG position q!

craft will be:
Initial cargo distribution:
cargo I = 4 000k9 (2.73m from referencepoint) A) 4,455m
: cargo2 = 2 000kg (8.55m from referencepoint) B )4 , 6 1 5m
cargo3 = 2 000 kg (16,49m from referencepoint) C )0 . 2 1 7m
cargo4 = empty (21.13m from referencepoint) D) 4,783m
I To marimize performance,the captaindecldesto re-

distributEpart of the cargo load betr,veencargo I and Givethe distanceof t tor an air-
craft wherethe CG ls
I cargo4, In ord-ertg taks off with a new centreof grav- is 90 lnches
ity localion at 35 % MAC,After loading,the new toad and LEMAC is of the datum.
distributionbetweencargo 1 and cargo4 is: A) - 341in.
A) 2 000kg in cargo1; B) + 341in.
I 2 000kg in cargo4
B) 1 000k9 in cargo1;
C) - 300in.
D)* 3oo
3 000kg in cargo4
www.AMM
C) 2 500kg in cargo1;
I 500kg in cargo4
D) 3 000kg in cargo1:
on the winch, the mass and the lat-
I
1 000 kg in cargo4
of the helicopterare 6 000 kg and
the .ighl The mass of the wet man on the
t2218.(AlR:atpl,cpl;) 180 kg. With the man on the wlnch, the mass
A turbojet aeroplane ls parked with the Cc-position of the helicopterare :
I data:
CorrectedDry OperatingMass: 1
beyondlhe limit
B) 6 180kg and 0.059m to the right
Basiccorrectedindex: C) 6 180kg and 0.075m to the right
t Take.offmass:
CentrEot gravlty locatlon:
dynamlcCord)
32%
D) 6 180kg and 0.041m to the right
(HELI:
17309. atpl,cpl)
t
Dlstancefrom referencepoint to
Lengthof MAC= 4.6 m. Without the man on the winch, the mass and the lat-
eral Cc-position ot the aircraft are 6 000 kg and 0,04
I Initial cargo distribution:

c a r g o l = 4 0 0 0 k 9 (2 . 7 3
cargo2=2000k9(
polnt)
point)
m to the right
the massof the man on the winchis 100kg

cargo3=2000k9(1 feterencepoint)
I cargo4= empty
For
referencepoint)
captain decides to re-

With the man on the winch , the lateralCG position of
the aircraftwill be:
A) 0,062mlo the right
-
dlstrlbuts loading between cargo
I location
to take oft with a new C.G.
for a transfer of:
B) 0,016mto thele
C) beyondthe limits
D) 0,0633mto the right
1 to cargo4
t
A)
1 to cargo3
cargo3 to cargo'l
fromcargo3 lo cargo1
I
ⁿ:aMMa•ar
k9, a helicopterequippedwith a The loadedcentreof gravlty of an alrcraftis 23'65feet
Cc-position of 5 cm to the left The aft of Datum.lf the length of the MAc ls I feet,and the
of the load ls 20 feet aft
of 60 cm to the
lateral
to the I
,ff&nt
I
c)l
D) 1.5cm
S e*ev ffiffi'#xs
hfs rsservsd
Ryan
17323.(HELI:atpl,cpD
I (Referto figure 031_9-t)
A hellcopterbaslc massls 'l 100kg and the longltudl-

inches,and the leadingedge ofthe chord is I
es aJt of the Datum.lf the centre of gravlty
is 14,7% SMC, what is the centre ot
nal CG positlonls at 3,10m. Determlnethe longltudl-
I nal CG posltlonIn the following condltlons:
- pllot and front passenger:150kg

from the datum?
A) 15.66'
B )1 1 8 . 1 4 "
- rear passengeF:150kg .
- fuel : 500kg c) 65.6"
D) 115.05"
A) 2.97m
B) 2.82m
C) 2.91m
D) 2.85m
I 18079.(HELI:arpl,cpl)
(Refelto figure 031-9-11)
Calculatethe position of the centle of gravlty for the
I following loadedhelicopter:
A) 4,14
B) 1,80
I c) 2,42
D\ 4,24
.t1t082.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
I EaGuEGihe p6altb; re of gravityfor take-

off and landlngfrom the following Information:
Maximum Take-Off
Mass:
I maximum
Bumoff:
LandingMass:
I Centrsof gravltyrange:
Station/ Mass(kg)
2000 +4500
Baslc mass
I Fuel
oil
Crew
500 +1750
-180
562.5
+1360
Passengers
I Baggage
A) take-off2.6 maff
+2600
t B) take-ofi
C) take-ofi
D)
2.9m aft
2.85m aft
3.05m afi
I
a
I O3I .IIASS AI{D BALANCE (Qruarorxxa*orr
03{-05-02Loadand Trim sheet
L500and 031_L502)
Cargocompartment1: empty,Passengersin
I D)l
lffi:x**v * &x Cargocompartment3:
compartmentOB:
3 000kg,
compartment
I 1073.(AlR:atpl; )
(Forthis Questionuse cAP 696- Figure4.12)
Usingthe load and trim sheet,which of the following

Cargocompartment4:
Cargocompartment5:
2 000 kg
I 000 kg
Thetake-offcentreof gravity In Aerody-

is the correct value tor the index at a Dry Opsrating namic Chord),will be located
Mass(DOM)of 35000kg with a CG at 14%MAC?
A) 35.5 %
A) 35.5 B ) 3 1 . s%
t
B) 4o.o C) 24.5 o/o
c) 41.5 D\ 32.5 o/o
D) 33.0
I 1086.(AlR:atpl;) and 031_L502)

(Referto figurs L235)
you acceptt0 passengersad-
Uslngthe load and trlm sheat attached,calculateths
I
will be seatedin compaftment
CGat zero fuel mass, 750 kg unloadedfrom cargo com-
A) 10.8%MAC
B) 18.4%MAC
I c) 13.4%MAC
D) 19.7%MAC
,8 0/o
centreof gravity in MAC% (MeanAerody-
will be locatedat:
I .5./.
lgl. (lta: atpl; )
v(neteiio nsureo3l-L400) 28.5 Yo
D) 23.1 o/o
Uslngthe data given in the Load & Trim
I mine which of the following gives the

for the Ze.o Fuel Mass and position ot
gravity(% MAC)at that mass.
12217, (AlR:aipl;)
(Referto figure L-303)
The weight and balancesheet is availableand con-
trary to the forecast,cargo compartmsntI is empty.
I A) 51300Kg and24,8%
B) 46130Kg and24,8%
C) 46130Kg and17,8% The zeto fuel weight 6entreof gravity in MAC% (Mean
Aerodynamicchordl is locatedat:
D)41310Kg and17,80/6,
t 12214.(AlR:atpl; )
(Refer to figures 031 :1502)
A) 26.8o/o
B) 23.50/6
C) 33.97o
D) 31 %
I Contraryto the
sheet, cargo
centreof
the LOADand TRIM
is empty. The take-off
Aerodynamicchord)
{2232.(AlR:atpl;)
(Referto figure 031_L400)
I will be
A)
B)
Using the data glven in the Load & Trim sheeq deGr'
minefrom the followlng the correctvaluesfor the take
off mass and the position of the centre of gravlty at
I that mass if the fuet Index correctlonto be applied is

glvenas - 0.9
Al20j ok
I B) 2O.3o/o
c) 22.6%
O) 17.5 o/o
12236.(AlR:atpl; )
(Retur to figure 031_L402)
loads, an op-
I
6500
3600 kg - res
ffi?$riffi*s 6k9
llVhlchof the following representthe correct valuss Thestandardmassvalue to be usedfor hold
I tor landingmassot ths aeroplaneand the position of

tho centrsof gravltytor this condition?
A) 52 900k9and 19 %
is 14 kg per piece.
The,loadlngmanitestshows ths following

Passengelsloaded:
B) 52 900kg and21.6%
Males: 40
C) 49 '130kg and21.80/6
Females: 65
D) 49 130kg and 19%
Children: 8
lnfants: 5
l?23/t.(AlR:atpl:) ?
BaggageIn hold number4: I
,r-etertoneureo3l-L4o3l
Usingthe standardmass the data
Uslngthe dataglvenat the appendlx,determlnewhich ln the appendix,select ths correct
of the followingcorroctlyglves the valuesof the Zero valuefot the mass of in hold No. 1)
Fuel Mass(ZFM)of the aeroplaneand the load Index which constitutes the traffic load:
at ZFM:
A) 210kg
A) 35 100kg and20.5 B) 280kg
B) 48 600kg and57.0 C) no cargo holdnumber1
C) 51 300kg and57.0 D)260ks
D) 46 300kg and20.5
(AlR:atpl;)
12235. 4.13 & 4-14)
(Referto figurc 031_L403)
wlth a DOI of 50, a DOI|Iof 34 100 Kg
From the .lata glven at the appendix and asguming load of 11 900 kg, choosethe corrsct
a fuel Index shift of- 5.7 from tho ZFm baded Index, tor lts mass and CG as a % MAC.
detemine which of the following, ls the corr€ct value
I (psrcantageI'AC) for the position of the centre
gravlty at TakeOff Mass:
000kg at 14.75%MAC
000kg at 15.3%MAC
46 000 kg at 16.5010
MAC
A)18%
I
D) 46 000 kg at 17.75oloMAC
B)19%
c)15%
D)14% t4,4rt.lat* atpttI
r'iReffito elPssofisure4-14)
I From the Load & Trim sheet attachEd- for an alrcraft

with a BEM of 34 100 kg and cG at t5% MAc, salect
the correct statementafter 2000kg ot cargo ls loadsd
I into the rearhold,

A) The aircraflgrossmassis 34 100 kg and the CG is
behindthe rearlimit
I B) The aircrangrossmassis 36 100 kg andthe CG is

behindthe rearlimit
C) The aircraflgrossmassis 36 100kg andthe CG is
beforethe tont limit
I D) The aircraflgrossmassis 36 100kg andthe CG is

Wthinlimits
l
t Ogt . MASS Al{D BAtJAilCE
Qmrorrexmr,*t
17314.(AlR: atpl; ) 17317.(AlR: atpl; )
to figures 031_L500,031_L503and 03,1_L504) (Referto figures 031_L500,031_L503and 031 LS04)
I Knowing
t
Dry
Basic
KK#ffi .wffi#ff
distributedas shown in the annex(75 kg per PAX)
I 42 000kg
Stages(1) to (7) and (11)havingalreadybeencatcu-
t
Stages(1) to (7) and (ll) havinq
lated,the cantre of gravity in % MAC (MeanAerody- lated, the centre of gravity in % MAC
namicCord)for zero fuel mass is locatedat: namic Cord) at take-offis located
A) 29.3% A) 30.5%
B) 28.3% B) 32.5 o/o
: c) 30.5% c) 28.0vo
D) 32.3ok D )3 1 . 5%
'ʰmñ•§MMn
17315.(AlR:atpl; ) /
17319.(HELI:atpl,cpl)
(Referto figures 03, L500,031-L503and 031_L50S) (Referto tigure 03{
I Knowingthat:
Dryoperatingmass:
Basicindex:
Numberof passengers:
'|l0 000kg
,t19,1
The empty
CG-position
ls | 100kg wlth a
load is as follows:
335 co-pilot: 150kg
I distributedas shown In the annex(75 kg per PAx)

Cargoload + luggage:
dlsttlbutedas shown In the annex
9 500kg
at rear: 200 kg
the limitationsths mlnlmumre-

Fuel:40 000kg boardshouldbe:
I Stages(l) to {7} and (11)having already beon calcu-

lated,the centre of gravity In % MAC (MeanAerody-
namicCord)for zero fuel mass ls locatedat: Kg
I A) 30.5 0/6
B' 27.4o/o
125 Kg
c) 2e.3%
I
maximum load in lhe loadingchart is
D) 28.0 o/o exceededby 10 percent What action must be taken?
'17316.
(AlR:atpl;) A) None,since a 10 percentgreaterload is still within
the specifiedsafetymargin
I (Referto figures 031_L500,031_
Knowingthat:
Dryoperatingmass:
B) Increaserotorspeedby 10 percent
C) Reduceusefulload
D) Tdkeoff carefully
10 000k9
I Basicindex:
Numberof passengers:
distributedas shown
119.t
335
kg per PAX)
20115. (AlR:atpl;l
(Reterto fi9ure 031_L200)
Attacheddiagramshows part ofa load and trim sheet
Cargoload + 9500k9
I
.
distributedas fot the specimenalrcraft completedto showthe Take-
Fuel: 40 000 k9 Off Mass and centre of gravity position with a fuel
,
loadof 16,080k9. Duringthe flight12.800kg offuel is
Stages(1) consumed.The centre ot gravity position on landing
I
havlng already been calcu-
lated,the in % MAC (MeanAerody- will be:
namlc is locatedat: A) 23.80/0
MAC
B) 24.670MAC
I c\ 22.1VoMAC
o\ 23.20kMAC
I
l&efiO||@cAtrt.edll JAA TEST PREP SERIES
20122.
""'.
_4-141
DOMindexfor a DOMof 45,000kg
I S trKK#r. €$nr
[" Ptrry;&ffi
I Intentionalre-positioningof CG
031-05-03
I 1024,(AlR:atpl,cpl;) r1054.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
I An additionalbaggagecontaineris loadedinto the aft Essume:
! cargo compartmentbut ls not entered into the load
and trim sheet The aeroplanewill be heavierthan ex- Aeroplanegross mass:
pectedand calculatedtake-offsafety speeds: Centreof gravity at station:
I
I A) are unafiected butV1 willbe increased Whatwill be the new positionof the
B) willnot be achieved 100kg is movedfrom the station 30
r C) will be greaterthanrequired^
I Dl wittglvereducedsafetymardins A) Station118.25
I B) Station118.33
1042.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HEU:atpl,cpl) C) Station120.22
Given: D) Station117,69
I
I .}
I
Tot"l ln""=, 75ookg 1066.
_ Contr€of gravity(ca) locationstation: 80.5
I Aft cg limit station: 79,5
I Totalmass: 2900kg
How much cargo must be shifted from the aft cargo Centre of 115.0
I compartmentat station150to the forward cargo com- Aft cg limit ri6.0
I partmentat statlon30 in orderto movethe cg location
I to the aft limit? The can be addedat statlon130,0
is:
- A) 65.8kg
I B)62.sks
I C) 68:9kg
D) 73.skg
I Q*l
- 1 6. (AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:8tpl, cPlI
A mass of 500 kg ls loadedat a station which ls
catsd l0 metresbehlndthe presgntCentreof massol an is 1950kg. ff 450 kg is add-
I and 16 metresbehindthe datum.The moment

mass used in the loadingmanifest ls
m/s^2):
ed to a cargo hold 1.75metresfrom the loadedcentre
of gravlty(cg). The loadedcA will move:
A) 40 cm
I A)30000Nm B) 33 cm
B)50000Nm C) 30 cm
C)80000Nm D) 34 cm
D) 130000Nm
I 1084.(AlR:atpl,cpl;t
Lengthofthe meanaerodynamicchord:
Momentarm of the forward cargo:
Momentarm ofths aft cargo:
I m
-0,50m
+ 2,50m
I AeroplanEmass= 36
Contreof gravity station17m
The aircraft mass is 2 200 kg and lts centreof gravity
is at 25%MAC
To movethe centreof gravity to 40%,which masshas
t
What is the lf you move 20 pas-
9engers kg) from station l6 to.sta- to bE transferredtrom the torwaadto the aft cargo
tlon 23? hold?
A) lt mt A l 1 1 0k s
l B)rtd by 0.157m
0.31m
by 0.157m
B) 180kg
C) 165kg
o) 104kg
I O3I . ilASS Ar{D BALAHCE
12202.(AlR:arpl,cpl; )
mass of an aeroplane is 9000 kg. The centre (Referto figure 031
(eg)position is at 2.0 m from the datumline,
:
:
to movethe cgj&Lhe aft limit?
P*s (gJ2$O7 - Al
t D) 196kg
from the zero reference point. The final
centre of gravity, calculated in
aerodynamicchord AB (from pointA),
: 1097.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELhatpl,cpl) A) 30.5%
Giventhat the total mass of an aeroplanels ,ll2 000 B) 35_s%
kg with a centreof gravlty positionat 22.62maft ofthb c) 27.5Vo
I datum,The centre of gravity llmlts are betweenl8m

and 22m.How much mass must be removedfrom the
rearhold (30 m aft of the datum)to move the centreof
D) 16.9%
(AlRratpl,cpl;)
122{9.
gravltyto the middle of the limits:
I
(Referto figure 031_
A) 43 120kg
B) 16 529kg An aeroplane, ls shown in the an-
C) 8 680kg nex, has a of 200 000 k9, wlth
I D) 29 344 kg
12197. (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
its centre of
ward of the
tion at 30
locatedat 15.38m rear-
representinga C.G.loca-
AerodynamicCord).For per-
captaindecldesto reset the
lf 390 lbs of cargo are moved from compartmentI value of gravity location to 35 % MAC,
(aft) to compartmentA (forward),what is the station
The t/ cargo compartm€ntsare locatedat
numberof the new centreof gravity (CG)? add m and 25 m from the referoncepolnt
Given: nhe cargo load masswhich needsto be
from the front to the rear cargo compart-
Gross mass: l't6 500tbs
PresentCG station: 435,0 l(g
CompartmentA station: 285.5 3 600K9
CompartmentB station: 792.5 ll is not possibleto egtablishthe requiredcentreof
gravitylocation
A) 463.7 O)4 600kg
B) s06.3
c) 436.7
D) 433.3 (AlR:atpl;)
12220.
(Referto figures 031_L500and 031 L502)
12198.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl) The planned take-off mass of an aeroplane ls 190
000 kg, with its centre of gravity locatedat 29 % MAC
(MeanAerodynamicCord).
Thetotalmassot an kg and the
centreof gravity limits m and 6.9 m Shortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs
aft of the datum.The gravity position the flight crewthat an additionalload of 4 000kg must
ls 4.4m afL How transferredfrom be loadedin cargo4. Aftef loadingthis cargo,the new
the tront to the to bring the out of centreof gravity locationwill be:
llmit centreof to the foremost limit?
A)25%
A) 3 500kg B) 27 olo
B) 35 000 k c) 31 %
D) 9"ffi D) 33 o/o
JAA TEST PREPSERIES
12221. 12228,(AlR: atpl, cpl; )

_84) A turbojet aeroplanehas a plannedtake-off mass of
190000 kg. Followingcargo loading,the crew is in.
: aeroplanehas a is located
with its centre
t of the
at30 %
distributionis: referencepoint) and cargo 4 (20.39m from reference
FRONT
REARcargo:
ri"nq @ ZOgf tffi€K"";gfig&iwKg"YWs'#Y
:
Given:
For perlormancepurposes,the captaindecidesto re- Distancefrom referencepoint to leadingedge:14
I set th6 value of the centre of gravity location to 33

% MAC.The front and rear cargo compartmentsare
locatedat a distanceof 15 m and 25 m lrom the refer-
Lengthof MAC= 4,6 m.
He asks for a transferof:

ence point respsctively.After the transfer operation,
t the new cargoload distributionis:

A) frontcargo:9 260kg; rearcargo:1 240 kg
B) frontcargo:3 740kg; rearcFrgo:6 760kg
A) lt is not possibleto obtainthe required
rry
B) 3 000 kg ftom cargo4 to cargo1
C) 2 000 kg fromcargo4 to cargo1
I C) frontcargo:6 760kg; rearCargo:3 750 kg

D)frontcargo:4 540kg; rearcargo:5 950 kg
D) 1 000 kg fromcargo4 to cargq
12226.(AlR:atpl,cpli)
I mass of
A turbojet aeroplane has
The plannedtake-offmass of a turbojet aeroplanels 190000kg. The cargo as follows:
190 000 k9, with its centreof gravity locatedat 29 %
MAC (MeanAerodynamlcCord), Shortly prior to en- cargo 1: 3 0 0 0 k 9 ( polnt)
I glne start,lhe local staff Informsthe flight crew that 4

000 k9 must be unloadedfrom ca.go 4 (23.89m aft of
tho referencepoint).
cargo4: 7 000k9
Dlstance
referencepolnt)
to leading edgs: 14 m
Lengthof
t Glven:
Dlstancetrom referencspolnt to leadingedge: l4 m
Lengthof MAC= 4.6 m.
Onco is completed,the crew is in.
of gravity at take.off is located
t
at AerodynamicCord) whlch ls be-
After ths handlingopsratlon,the new centrsof gravity The captaindecldesthen to redistrib-
locatlonIn o/oMACwlll be: cargo load betweencargo 1 and cargd
A) 31 o/o
obtain a new centreof gravity locationat
I B) 25 o/o
Followingthe transfer operatlon,the new
ts:
c)33%
D) 27 o/o cargo1: 5 000kg;
I
cargo4: 4 000k9
12227.{AlR:atpl,cpl; I B) cargo1:4 000kg;
The plannedtake-offmass of a turbojet cargo4: 5 000 kg
180000 kg, with its centre of gravity C) cargo1: 6 000kg;
I MAC (MeanAerodynamiccord).
glne sta4 the local staff informs
000kg must be unloadedfrom
cargo4: 4 000kg
D) cargo1:4 000kg;
cargo4: 6 000kg
roferencepoint).
li Glven:
Dlstance
tromreference edge: 14 m
Lengthof MAC= 4,6
li Afterthehandllng
locatlonIn %
new centreof gravity
li Al23.0 Vo
Bl21.8 o/o
c) 20.0
D)
l1
I O3I . MASS A]{D BALATIICE
(AlR:atpl;)
12323. 17305,(AlR:atpl;)
to CAP696flgures 3-1 & 3.2) (Refer to figures 031_L500 and 031_L502)
I
dffirwM,#'*
following
Arm
Arm
: Basic correctedindex:
m#ffi*Mw,b&i&s*rv*d
l cargo 1:
cargo 2'.
A
zonesto bring the aircraft into balanceis: cargo3:
I A) 44 lbsfromzone4 to zone 1
B) 83 lbsfromzone 1 to ione4
C) 44 lbsfromzone 1 lo zone4
The other cargo compartmentsare
Take-offmass: l0 kg
t
Centreof gravity location: % MAC
D) 83 lbsfromzone4 to zone1
To maximizeperformance,
12508. (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl) distribute part of the cargo 1 and
The CG of an aircrlft is 980 inches aft of datumat an
I
cargo4, in order to centre of grav-
all up mass of 170 500 Lbs. lf 800 Lbs of baggageis ity location at 35 % the new load
moved from FS {130 to FS 430 the new C of e will distribution cargo 4 ls:
be:
A) 2 000 kg in cargo4
A) 975.99in B) 1 000 k9 kg in cargo4
: B) 976.72in
C) 979.75in o) :%%M kg in cargo4
; 1 000kg in cargo4
t
D) 977.62in
(AlR:atpl;)
17301. 031_1500and 031_L502)
(Referto tigures 031_L500and 031_L502)
I The plannedtake-offmass of an aeroplaneis 180000

kg,with its centreof gravitylocatedat 3l % MAC(Mean
aeroplans ls parked with the followlng
AErodynamicCordl. Shortly prior to enginesta4 dry operatingmass: 110100kg

I Iocalstaff informs the crew that an additional
4 000kg must be loadedin cargo 1. After
cargo,the new centreot gravity locationwill
correctedIndex:118.6
Inltlalcargodistribution:
I A) 34 o/o
B) 25 o/o
c) 28 o/o
cargo1: 4 000k9;
cargo 2: 2 000 kg;
cargo3: 2 000kg;
D) 37 o/o other cargo compartmentsare empty
I Take-offmass: 200 000 kg

Centreof gravity (C,G.)location:32 %
I For perfomancereasons,the captaln decides to te-

distribute part of the cargo loading between cargo
compartments,in order to take off with a new C.G.
I
location of 34 %. He asks for a transferof:
A) 1 000 kg from cargo 1 to cargo4
B) 500 kg fromcargo'1to cargo3
C) 1 000kg fromcargo3 to cargoI
I D) 1 500 kg fromcargo3 to cargo1
I
I
17311.(AlR: atpl; )
(Refsrto (Referto figures031_L500
and 031_L501)
: welght and mass of
to the forecast.
t located at: yond limits. The captaln decides then to redistrlbute
t
A) 31
Bl26%
c) 35.5%
@zcsr
D) 32 Vo A) ll is notpossiblelo obtainthe requiredc€ntreof
t (AlR:atpl;)
17308.
(Referto figures031_L500and 031_L502)
ity.
B) 3 000 kg fromcargo4 to cargo1
C) 2 000 kg fromcargo4 to cargoI
D) 1 000kg fromcargo4 to cargo1
I The planned take-off mass of an aeroplane is ,l9O

000 kg, wlth lts centreof gravity locatedat 29 % MAC
(Mean AerodynamicCord). Shortly prior to engine
(AlR;atpl;)
17312.
(Referto figures03t_L500and 031
start, the local staff lntorms the flight crew that an
I additionalload of 4 O0Otg nfust Ue toaaed In cargo
4. After loadingthls cargo, the new centre of gravity
locatlonwlll be:
The plannedtake-offmass of a
180000 kg, wlth lts centre of
MAC (MeanAerodynamic
at 26 olo
prlor to en-
l
gine start, the local staff crew that
A) 25 o/o
B) 27 oh 4 000 kg must be 4. After ihe
C) 31 0/6 handlingoperation, gravity location
D)33% in '/oMACwill be:
ll 17310.
{AlR:atpl;)
A) 23.0 %
B) 2't.8 o/o
(Referto tofigures031_L500and 031_L501) Q) 2O.0o/o
I A turbojet aeroplanehas a plannedtake-off mass of

190000kg. The cargo load is distributedas follows:
D) 30.2
_1500and 031_L502)
T
i
cargo l: 3 000k9
cargo4: 7 000kg take-offmass of a turbojet aeroplaneis
with its centre of gravity locatedat 29 %
Once the cargo loaclingis completed,the crew is in-
I
AerodynamicCord) , Shortly prior io en-
fomed that the centreof gravity at takeoff is the local staff informs the flight crew that
at 38 % MAC(MeanAerodynamicCord) which is kg must be unloadedtrom cargo 4, After the
yond the limits, The captain decides then to ndling operation,the new centreof gravltylocation
I ute part of the cargo load betweencargo 1

4 in order to obtaina new centreof gravity
31 % ilAC, Followingthe transfer
load distributionls:
% MACwill be:
A) 31 Vo
B) 25 Vo
c)33%
I A) cargo1:5 000kgi cargo4: 4 000
B) cargo1:4 000kg; cargo4: 5
C) cargo1: 6 000kg; cargo4: 4
D) 27 Vo
D) cargo'l: 4 000kg; cargo4:

I
I
I
I'
O3l - iIASS AftlD BALAI{CE Qvrarronrxax..or
o 2006
2008/r,
to figure _84) Given the following information,how much mass (to
the nearest lbt has to be transferrsdfrom the front
is 20ft forward of ths da-
nex, has ot
Its ?
of the *
Aircraft mass: 2500lb
6 500 kg
WWmIK&kwr
tum
Rearcargo: 4 000 kg A) 50 lbs
B) 112tbs
For performancepurposes,the captaindecidesto re- C ) 1 1 2 0l b s
set ths value of the centre of gravity location to 33 D) 500lbs
% MAC.The front and teat cargo compartmentsare
locatedat a distanceof 15 m and 25 m from the refer-
HELI:
ence point respectively.After the transfer operation,
has a taxi mass Its centre
the new cargo load distribution ls:
of gravity is 21.69m aft would be the
A) frontc€rgo:9 260kg; rearcargo:1 240kg new centreof gravlty if moved30 m for-
B) font cargo:3 740 kg; rearcargo:6 760kg ward from hold 2 to
C)frontcargo:6 760kg; rearcargo:3 740kg
D) frontcargo:4 550kg; rearcargo:5 950kg A) 20.69rn
B)22.69m
c) 19.78m
(AlR:atpl;l
1807'L D)21.78
(Referto flgures 031-L500and 03t-L502)
20087.
A turboret aeroplane ls Parked with the followlng
The 33,000lbs, and the
data:
is 3 feet aft of the Datum.How many
t l 0 1 0 0k g be addedto the freight hold I foot
Corectod Dry OperatingMass:
1 r8 . 6 to bring the centG of gravity to-
Basiccorrectedindex:
Take-offmass: 200000kg forward limit of 2 feet aft of Datumfor take-
Centreof g€vlty location: 320/0MAC maxlmumtake off mass is 40'000lbs:
I
1,000lbs
Inltial cargo dlstribution: 33,000lbs
cargo 'l: c) 4,000lbs
cargo 22 D)7,000rbs
I cargo 3:
cargo4:
cargo 5:
20090. (AlR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpl,cpl)
lfthe loadedmassis 27,220kg' howmuchloadshould
be transterreC9.16 m forward from No.2 Hold to the
I To maximizeperformance,the
dlstributepart of the cargo load
cargo4, in order to take otf
I and
of grav-
19-
No.l Hotd in order to movethe centreof gravity of an
aircraftfrom the out of limits value of 13 metresaft to
the forward limits value of 1l,6 metresaft?
ity locatlonat 35 % MAC. new load
I distributionbetween
A) 3 000kg in cargo1;
B) 1 000kg in cargo
'cargo
4
A) 590ks
B) 1790kg
c) 2980kg
D)4160kg
I C) 2 500 kg in
D) 2 000 kg in
cargo4
in cargo4
An aircraftis toadedto a mtss oi25 000lbs.A passen-
20083.
I An
ity is 1.5
of
kg andthe centreof grav-
Whatwould be the new centre
were transferredfrom the rear
gsr weighing 150 lb moves back l0 seat rows, a dis-
tance of 330 inches,The centreof gravity will move:
A) 0.5"rearward
to the forward hold 12 m for- B) 2.00"reaMard
C) 5.00"reaMard
of dalum D) 2.00"forward
fwdof datum
m aft of datum
:84 m fwdof datum
!*e-***".* JAA TEST PREP SERIES
20126.(AlR: atpl, cpt; HELt:atpt, coll
I IF6Gitof'su'€o3i_&1rt-
The loadedmass of the aircraft representedbelow ls
is 21" aft of the da-
I
J
c) S es*r rgSerYS'*
20102.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HEU:atpl,cpl)
An aircraft has a CG located at 200 cm aft of datum
: and an AUM of 50 000 kg. lf 90 kg ot electricatequip-
ment Installedat a position 600 cm aft of datum and
90 kg ot electrlcalequipmentInstatled600cm forward
of datum,what wlll be the new CG locatlon?
:
A) 220cm affofdatum
B) remainat 200cm aft of datvm
I C) 199cm aft ofdatum

D) movelo lhe datum
t
20105.(AlR:atpl,cpliHELI:atpl,cpl)
I An aeroplanehas 2 cargo holds, cargo hold 1 is locat
ed 6 m torwardofthe datum, hold 2 ls locatedZ m aft
ofthe datum.Thetake-otfmass ofthe alrcraftis 60000
I kg andthe CGis locatedat 2 m aft ofdatum. Just prlor

to take off, cargo weighing 1250kg is removedfrom
cargo hold l, what will be the new CG for take-off?
A) 1.92maft of thedatum
I B) 2.17man of thedatum
C) 2.08mafroflhe datum
D) 1,84maftof thedatum
20106.(AlR:atpl,cpl;t
The CG of an aircraftis at 25% MAC and MAC ls I m.
Ths aircratthas2 holds, hold t ls 7 m aft of the datum
I and hold 2 is 22 m aft of the datum.lfthe alrcraftmass

ls 38000kg, what load must be transferredtrom
I to hold 2 to movethe CGto 40%MAC?
I A) 1520k9
B) 259k9
C)a80ks
D)380k9
(Referto figures031_44& 031:
Ths Td(y Massof the alrcraft ls the cen-
t|g of gravlty ls calculated welgh-
Ing 1,000kg is moved I of the
aft cargocompartment of the for-
wardcargo centre of gravity
posltionis:
A) r0% MAC
B) 12%MAC
C) 15o/o
D) 25o/,
I OSI . HASS AilD BALAIICE
Qf'fgfft"*
03{.06 CARGO HANDLING
Typesof Cargo
031-06-01
I
:
*gf$KW'*MtrffiffiT'ffffiffi I
& Am$#rc,u, Y**

&S&,ceg'&*mri#is$sf
I metreof anaeroplane
920.(AlR:atpl, cpt; HEU:alpl, cpl)
(Refer to cAP 696 - Figure 4.9)
I ls 350 kg/m. The wldth of the floor area ls 2 metres.

The floor strength limitation ls 300 kg per squars me-
tre, Which one of the following crates (lengthx wldth
x height)can be loadeddirectly on the ffoor?
A pallethaving a freight platform
cm x 250 cm has a total mass of
ls carried on two ground
I A) A loadof 700kg in a cratewithdimensions:

1.8mx1.4mx0.8m
B)A loadof500 kg in a cratewilh dimensions:
20 cm x 200 cm.
Usingthe loading manual aeroplane,

calculatehow much to, or must
1.5mx1mx1.m be otf loadedtrom. for the load ln-
c) A loadof 400 kdin a cratewilh dimensions: tenslty to match distributlon
1.4mx0.8mx0.8m load iniensitytor cargo Gompane-
D)A loadof400 kg in a cratewithdimensions: ment
1-2mx1.2mx1.2m
A) 28.5kg
903.(AlR:atpl,cphHELI:atpl,cpl) B) 285.5
The maximumintensityfloor loadingfor an aeroplane c) 2e
I is given In the Flight Manualas 650 kg per squareme-
tre. What ls the maximum mass of a packagewhlch
can be safely supported on a pallet with dimensions
D)1
HELI:
off loaded
cargoholdls 5 000N/mz,
T ot 80 cm by 80 cm? an
to load-upa cubic containormeasuting
A) 416.0kg side.lt's maximumgrossmassmustnot ex-
'I
B) 1015.6kg g='l0mrs2):
c) 41.6kg
D) 101.6kg 80 kg
B) 800k9
913.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl) c)32 kg
I The floor of the main cargo hold is llmlted D) 320 kg

m2.lt is plannedto load a cubic Q'*a.,
which mgasures0.5m.lts maximum ^,-*rrrrur=rt
The maximumfloor loadingtor a cargo compartment
not exceed:(assumeg=l0m/s2)'
I A) 5 000 kg
B) 1 000k9
c) 500kg
in an aeroplanels given as 750 kg per square metr€'
A packagewith a mass of 600 kg is to be loaded.As-
suming the pallet base is eotirely In contact with the
floor, which of the following is the minimumsize pal-
I D) 100kg let that can be used?

A) 40 cm by 200 cm
B) 30 cm by 300 cm
l C) 30 cm by 200cm
D) 40 cm by 300cm
l
ll
ll
JAA TEST PREPSERIES
t "tr 18124.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)

966. HELI:
(Referto _4-s) The baggagecompartmentof a particularhelicopter
o f t metreby 1.2 metresby is l,l m wide by 1,4m longand has a maximumfloor
is the maxl-
of the aft
.K&mx
B) ln
C) In the
h*s r*s&rvs$
D) In the foMard of the forwardcargocomparl-
ment -l&t25. (AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)
JThe baggage compartment of a particular
1014.(AlR:atpl,cpl;HELIiatpl,cpl) is 1,2m wide by 1,4m long and has a
lf a compartmenttakes a maximum load of 500 kg, loadingof 500 kg per square metre.What ls
with a running load ot 350 kg/m and a distribution mum capacityof the baggage
load of 300 k9/m2max,Which of the following 500kg maximumfloor loadonly:
boxescan be carried? A) 298kg
'r B) 1300kgq
l) 100cm x 110cm x 145em C) 840kg
2) 125cm x 135cm x 142cm D) 192kg
3) 120cm x 140cm x 143cm
4) 125cm x 135cm x 144cm
A) anyoneof the boxesif loadedwithdue careas to its baggage helicopter
positioning is I,2 m wide by 2,4m a maximumfloor
B) anyof boxes2, 3 and4 in any conliguration loading of 520 kg What is the maxi-
C) box2 withits longestlengthperpendicular
to thefloor mum mass compartment
crossbeamor box3 in any configuration (limitedby
D)eitherof boxes3 and4 withtheirlongesllengthparal-
axis
lel to theaircraftlongitudinal A) 181kg
B) 1872
, 't4e7
dDfi2454.(alR:atpl,cpl;HELI:atpt,cpt)
D)
\fTG;axi'num floor lotding on a baggagecompart-
mentfloor is 120lb persquarefoot. lf the surfacearea
ln contactwlth the floor is 4 ft x 2 ft 6 inchesand the
compartmentof a particularhelicopter
massof the total load is 1220lb, the actualfloor load-
ing on this aircraftis: by 1,4m long and has a maximumfloor
480 kg per square metre,What is the maxi-
t l A) 120lb persquarefoot
B) 122lb persquarefoot
C) 10 lb persquarefooi
of the baggagecompartmentlimitedby
floor load only:
A ) l 478kg
D) '11lb persquarefoot
ll, 2157.(AlR : atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)

The maximumfloor loading on a
b{q
B ) l56 kg
728kg
D ) 133 kg
mentfloor is 120lb persquarefoot lf
in contact with the floor is 4 ft x 3 ft
the total load is 1320 lb, the
this aircraft is:
A) '120lb persquarefoot
B) 110lb persquarefoot
C) 10lb persquare
foot
D) 11lb persquare
O3l - IIASS AilD BAL/AI|CE Qnrrorramaain
031-06-03
Securingof load
S*&eJffi.r*lm
righte r@$6rY*f
12321. (AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:atpl,cpl)
lf a load movedin flight:
A) A changeof the momentof the loadwouldcausethe
aircraftC of G to change
B)Achangeofthe momentof the loadwouldbe unlikely
to causelhe aircraffC of G to change
C) The aircraflwouldbecomenoseheavy
D)The aircrafiwoqldbecometail heavy

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I 03{ - MASS AilD BAL/AI'ICE

knots. If the mass of the aeroplaneis

I For a conventional,nose tricycle gear aircraft config-

I an aeroplane,which of the following is true?

I A) remainconstant,drag will decreaseand

I A) lf the actualcentreof gravityis closelo the foMard

l centreofgravityis locatedin the middlebetweenlhe

I A) The needto minimisedrag forcesand so improve

T C) The needto maintaina lowvalueof stalling decreasein bothrateof climbandcruiseranoe

T When the centre of gravity ls at the

I the centre of gravity from

C) Diffcultyot inabilityto recoverfroma spin

I 12476.(AlR:atpl,cpl; HELI:alpl, cpl)

I limitsbutonlyincludesthe aft limit

to its foMard stop and

l D)The pilolin command

18178.(AlR: atpl, cpl; ) 20107.(AlR: atpl, cpl; )

s8? * &* Q increasg,stability

I B) tendencyto pitghdownduringfinalstageof landing

moving the centre of gravity from

I D)A massdividedby a mornent

928.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELI:arpl,cpl) ) is a rgulatory limitation

s szt. 1003.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

t mass of the aeroDlane The DryOperatingMassof an aeroplane

I C\\t/ A) BasicEmptyMessplusthe fuel loaded

I A) Operatingmassplusloadof passengers andcargo

I D) Take-ofimass minusfuel to destinationand alter-

! For the purposoof completingthe Massand

l A) The totalmassof the aeroplaneready

c\ql A) ditrerby the sumofthe massofusablefuelplustraflic

1028.(AlR:atpl, cpl; HELIiatpl, cPU

1029, 1048.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

t A) The totalmassof flightcrew,passengers,

t The MaximumZero FuelWeightof an aircraft is:

C) the maximumpermissiblemass of an aircraftwith

I When establishingthe mass breakdownof an

A) lhe lakeof massminusthe trafficload

for the missionand not includingthe usable Centreof gravity

ll 4. ls deffnedon the assumptionthat fuel ls consumed

corresponds to Zero Fuel

l'l Referrlngto the loading

From the loading manual lor the let ttansport aero-

935. (AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)

l A) allowableloadexerteduponthe wing consider,ng

li Which of the follorting statementsis correct?

lr C) The MaximumTake-ofiMassis equal to the maxF

li The maximumtaxi (ramp)mass is governedby:

ll lf thg maximum structural landing

I manual for the transDort

I (Referto figure 031_9.61

Flaps: 0'/ l0: / 15' 9 seatsor more

951.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI:atpl, cpl)

t a strong tail wlnd rvhich was

I A revenueflight is to be made by a jet transport.The

t TakeOff and Landing mass are not performancelim-

I Taxl Fuel: 500 kg

I The maxlmumtraffic load that can be carried is:

I (For this questionuse CAP696- Figure4,'14)

MaximumStructural LandingMass: 125000 kg

Agsumingperformancelimitationsare not restricting,

B) 130500kg and31 500kg ZFM YL

C) 130500kg and26 500 kg 4%0 ?!Too

9G7.(AlR: atpl, cpl; HELI: atpl, cpl)