Module 1

Basic Automotive Industry

Module Overview:

Welcome to the First part of the Course Pack. This module is composed of 5 Lessons and each lesson
has an activity to work with. This is specifically designed to give you an overview of the topics to be learned
under Basic Concepts of Automobile. These topics include the History of Automobiles, Automobile Parts and
Servicing, Occupation, Problems and Benefits of Automotive Technology, Car Driving and Maintenance, and
Road Signs.

There are activities you need to undertake before you begin to explore the abstraction of the lessons.
Let’s get started. Have fun!

Module Outcomes:
1. Discuss History and the evolution of Automobiles
2. Identify car parts, functions and services
3. Determine common car problems and solutions.
4. Perform basic car maintenance and other services.
5. Discuss the basic skills of an efficient and safe driver
6. Observe and follow road signs both as pedestrian and as a driver.

ABSTRACTION
 Lesson 5
Road Signs

Learning Outcomes

The following are the intended learning outcomes which students shall do at the end of the lesson:

1. Identify the most common road signs here in the Philippines.

2. Discuss the importance and usefulness of road signs and symbols with their respective meanings.
3. Value the importance and benefits of road signs and other regulatory symbols specified by the Land
Transportation Office.
 Common Terminilogies in Land Transportation
Management

Advisory speed limit

A speed recommendation by a governing body.

All-way stop or four-way stop

An intersection system where traffic approaching it from all directions is required to stop before
proceeding through the intersection.

Alternate route or optional route

A highway that splits off the mainline and reconnects some distance later.

Ambulance

A medically equipped vehicle which transports patients to treatment facilities, such as hospitals.

Annual average daily traffic (AADT)

A measure of total volume of vehicle traffic on a segment of road for a year divided by 365 days to
produce an average.

Arterial road or arterial thoroughfare

A high-capacity urban road designed to deliver traffic at the highest possible level of service.

At-grade intersection

A junction at which two or more roads cross at the same level or grade.

Auxiliary route

A highway that supplements a major or mainline highway.

Backroad

A secondary type of road usually found in rural areas.

Barrier toll system or open toll system

A method of collecting tolls on highways using toll barriers at regularly spaced intervals on the toll
road's mainline, usually charging a flat rate at each barrier.

Bicycle, bike, or cycle

A human-powered or motor-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached

to a frame, one behind the other.

Bicycle boulevard

A street that allows local vehicle traffic, but is prioritized for bicycles and other non-motorized travel.

Bike freeway, cycling superhighway, fast cycle route, or bicycle highway

An informal name for a bicycle path that is meant for long-distance traffic.

Bike lane or cycle lane

A lane restricted to bicycles.

Boom barrier or boom gate

A bar or pole pivoted to block vehicular or pedestrian access through a controlled point.

Botts' dots

Round non-reflective raised pavement markers used to mark lanes on roads.

Boulevard

A type of large road, usually running through a city.

Box junction

A road traffic control measure designed to prevent congestion and gridlock at junctions. The surface
of the junction is typically marked with a criss-cross grid of diagonal painted lines (or only two lines
crossing each other in the box), and vehicles may not enter the area so marked unless their exit from
the junction is clear (or, if turning, to await a gap in the oncoming traffic flow).
Bus

A road vehicle designed to carry many passengers.

Bus lane

A lane restricted to buses, and sometimes certain other vehicles such as taxis.

Bus rapid transit, BRT, busway, or transitway

A bus-based public transport system designed to improve capacity and reliability relative to a
conventional bus system.

Bus station or bus depot

A structure where city or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers.

Bus stop

A designated place where buses stop for passengers to board or alight from it.

Business route or city route

An auxiliary route that passes through the central business district of a city.

Button copy

A past physical design of road signs in the United States in which retroreflective buttons made of
transparent plastic are placed in rows following the contours of sign legend elements, usually painted
white, such as letters, numbers, arrows, and borders.

Bypass

An auxiliary route that relieves congestion along the mainline by routing traffic around a city or
congested area. Can also be used to refer to a segment of road built to reroute the mainline away
from a city or congested area.

Cant or camber

The gradient of the road surface at 90° to the direction of travel; the difference in height between the
edge and the crown of the road.
Car or automobile

A wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.

Carriageway or roadway

A width of road on which a vehicle is not restricted by any physical barriers or separation to move
laterally. A roadway can comprise one or more carriageways; single carriageways may contain both
directions of traffic for the roadway, while multiple carriageways can separate traffic by direction or
type.

Cat's eye

A retroreflective safety device used in road marking and the first of a range of raised pavement
markers.

Climbing lane

A lane that allows slower travel for large vehicles, such as large trucks or semi-trailer trucks,
ascending a steep grade.

Cloverleaf interchange or cloverleaf junction

A two-level interchange in which turns are handled by eight total ramp or slip roads, four of which
form loops that give the interchange the shape of a cloverleaf from the air. Each ramp allows traffic
from one direction of a roadway to access only one direction of the crossroad: e.g. from northbound
to eastbound while a separate ramp connects from northbound to westbound. Traffic is fully grade
separated; it does not need to stop to make any of the connections between the two roadways.

Collector road or distributor road

A low-to-moderate-capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads.

Commercial vehicle

A motor vehicle used for transporting goods or paying passengers.

Concurrency

An instance of one physical road bearing two or more different highway, motorway, or other route
numbers.

Congestion pricing
A system of surcharging users of roads that are subject to congestion.

Connector or cutoff

An auxiliary route that provides a shortcut between two routes or a connection between two routes
that otherwise do no connect.

Constitutional route

A highway defined in the constitution of the place in which it is located. Only found in Minnesota.

Construction area, construction zone, work area, or work zone

A stretch of road on which road construction is taking place.

Continuous-flow intersection, CFI, crossover displaced left-turn, XDL, or DLT

An intersection where vehicles attempting to turn across the opposing direction of traffic (left in right-
hand drive jurisdictions; right in left-hand drive jurisdictions) cross before they enter the intersection.
No left turn signal in the intersection is then necessary.

Contraflow lane reversal

The reversal of direction of traffic in a lane, to facilitate emergency evacuations, roadworks, or events.

Control city

A city or location posted on a series of traffic signs along a particular stretch of road indicating
destinations on that route.

Controlled-access highway, motorway, or freeway

A type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and
ingress/egress regulated.

County highway, county road, or county route

A road in the United States and in the Canadian province of Ontario that is designated and/or
maintained by the county highway department.

Crossbuck

A traffic sign used to indicate a level railway crossing.

Crossing guard, lollipop man/lady, crosswalk attendant or school road patrol

A person who temporarily stops vehicular traffic to allow pedestrians to cross the road.
Curb or kerb

Raised pavement situated along the edge of a roadway.

Decommissioned highway

A former highway which was removed from the highway system is said to be decommissioned. The
term also applies to a designation which was removed from a highway system, such as when the
U.S. Route 66 was removed from the United States Numbered Highway System in 1985. The
physical roadbed typically remains usable, and it may then receive a different designation as another
classification of road.[1][2]

Demountable copy

Road signage that is built by attaching mass-produced sheet-metal characters (and graphics, such as
route shields and arrows) to the sign face, through means such as screws or rivets.

Detour

A route taking traffic around an area of prohibited or reduced access, such as a construction site.

Diamond interchange

An interchange between a freeway and a minor road where the off-ramp diverges only slightly from
the freeway and runs directly across the minor road at an at-grade intersection, becoming an on-ramp
that returns to the freeway in similar fashion.
Diverging diamond interchange, DDI, double crossover diamond interchange, or DCD

A type of diamond interchange in which the two directions of traffic on the non-freeway road cross to
the opposite side on both sides of the bridge at the freeway.

Driver's license or driving license

An official document permitting a specific individual to operate a vehicle.

Drivers' working hours

Regulations that govern the activities of commercial truck drivers, most notably limiting the number of
hours a person may drive during the day or week.

Driveway or drive

A type of private road for local access to one or a small group of structures, and is owned and
maintained by an individual or group.

Driving under the influence or DUI

Operating a vehicle while being impaired by alcohol or other drugs.

Dual carriageway or divided highway

A class of highway with two carriageways for traffic traveling in opposite directions separated by a
median strip or central reservation.

Electronic toll collection

A system of toll collection where a driver attaches a transponder to his or her vehicle or where a
camera recognizes the vehicle registration plates. Tolls are charged automatically to the driver, either
by prepaid account or by regular billing, when the vehicle passes through a toll booth or gantry.

Elevated highway

A controlled-access highway that is raised above grade for its entire length.

Emergency vehicle

A vehicle that is designated and authorized to respond to an emergency in a life-threatening situation.

Exit number

A number assigned to a road junction, usually an exit from a freeway.

F

Farm-to-market road, ranch-to-market road, farm road, or ranch road

A highway that connects rural or agricultural areas to market towns.

Fire engine, fire truck, or fire lorry

A road vehicle (usually a truck) that functions as a firefighting apparatus.

Frontage road, access road, service road, or parallel road

A local road running parallel to a higher-speed, limited-access road.

Floodway

A flood plain crossing built at or close to the natural ground level,[3] designed to be submerged under
water, but withstand such conditions—typically used when flood frequency or time span is minimal,
traffic volumes are low, and the cost of a bridge is uneconomic.[4]

Fork

A type of intersection where a road splits. Often Y-shaped.

Gantry

An overhead support for road signs or electronic toll collection systems.

Gore, gore point, gore zone, or merge nose

A triangular piece of land found where roads merge or split.

Grade, slope, incline, gradient, pitch or rise

The degree by which a road rises or declines, affected by fills and cuts designed and built to reduce
the steepness of a road.
Grade separation

The method of aligning a junction of two or more road axes at different heights (grades) so that they
will not disrupt the traffic flow on other transit routes when they cross each other.

Green lane

An unmetalled road, usually in a rural area.

Green vehicle, clean vehicle, eco-friendly vehicle, or environmentally friendly vehicle

A road motor vehicle that produces less harmful impacts to the environment than comparable
conventional internal combustion engine vehicles running on gasoline or diesel, or one that uses
certain alternative fuels.

Gridlock

A form of traffic congestion where "continuous queues of vehicles block an entire network of
intersecting streets, bringing traffic in all directions to a complete standstill".[5]

Grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan

A type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid.

Guard rail, guardrail, guide rail, or railing

A system designed to keep people or vehicles from (in most cases unintentionally) straying into
dangerous or off-limits areas.

Hairpin turn, hairpin bend, hairpin corner, or hairpin curve

A bend in a road with a very acute inner angle that resembles a hairpin/bobby pin, making it
necessary for an oncoming vehicle to turn almost 180° to continue on the road.

Haulage

The business of transporting goods by road or rail.

HAWK beacon or Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon

A traffic control device used to stop road traffic and allow pedestrians to cross safely.

High-occupancy vehicle lane or HOV lane

A lane reserved for vehicles carrying two or more passengers or other exempted vehicles.

High-occupancy toll lane or HOT lane

An HOV lane that charges a toll for vehicles that do not meet HOV regulations.

Highway

Any public road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public
roads and public tracks.

Highway hypnosis or white line fever

An altered mental state in which a person can drive a car, truck or other automobile great distances,
responding to external events in the expected, safe and correct manner with no recollection of having
consciously done so.

Highway patrol

A police unit or division charged with enforcing traffic laws on certain highways within a political
jurisdiction.

Highway shield or route marker

A graphical representation of a route number, which serves as navigational aid

Hook turn

A right turn made from the left lane (countries that drive on the left), or a left turn made from the right
lane (countries that drive on the right).

Hurricane evacuation route, coastal evacuation route, or evacuation route

A highway in the United States that is a specified route for hurricane evacuation.
I

Idaho stop

A law that allows cyclists to treat a stop sign as a yield sign, and a red light as a stop sign.

Interchange

A road junction that typically uses grade separation, and one or more ramps, to permit traffic on at
least one highway to pass through the junction without directly crossing any other traffic stream.

Intersection

An at-grade road junction of two or more roads either meeting or crossing.

Jersey barrier, Jersey wall, K-rail, or Ontario tall wall

A modular concrete or plastic barrier employed to separate lanes of traffic.

Jughandle or Jersey left

A type of ramp or slip road where instead of a standard left turn being made from the left lane, left-
turning traffic uses a ramp on the right side of the road (in countries that drive on the right).

Junction

A location where multiple roads intersect, allowing vehicular traffic to change from one road to
another.

Lane

Part of a carriageway or roadway that is designated for use by a single line of vehicles, to control and
guide drivers and reduce traffic conflicts.[6]

Lane splitting

Riding a bicycle or motorcycle between lanes or rows of slow moving or stopped traffic moving in the
same direction.
Legislative route

A highway defined by laws passed in a legislature. The numbering of such highways may or may not
correspond to the numbers familiar to the posted route number.

Level crossing or railroad crossing

An intersection where a railway line crosses a road.

Level of service

A measurement used to describe the quality of traffic on a highway. Levels range from free flowing
traffic to constant traffic jams.

Limited-access road or expressway

A highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a
controlled-access highway, including limited or no access to adjacent property, some degree of
separation of opposing traffic flow, use of grade separated interchanges to some extent, prohibition of
some modes of transport such as bicycles or horses and very few or no intersecting cross-streets.
The definitions and degrees of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and
regions.[7]

Link road

A road that links two conurbations or other major road transport facilities, often added because of
increasing road traffic.

Local-express lanes or collector–distributor lanes

An arrangement of roadways within a major highway where long distance traffic can use lanes with
fewer interchanges compared to local traffic which use 'local' or 'collector' lanes that have access to
all interchanges.

Mainline

The main carriageway(s) of a particular route, as opposed to entrance/exit ramps or auxiliary routes
of that route.

Main Street, High Street or Fore Street

A generic phrase used to denote a primary retail street of a village, town or small city in many parts of
the world.

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

A manual published by the Federal Highway Administration in the United States, or similar manuals
published by state departments of transportation, that specifies the standards for traffic signs,
highway markings, and traffic signals (collectively "traffic control devices"). The manual includes
specifications on typefaces, colors, and shapes of signs, as well as placement of these traffic control
devices.

Median strip or central reservation

The reserved area that separates opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadways. The reserved area
may simply be paved or grass, but can be adapted to other functions, such as decorative
landscaping, trees, a median barrier, or railway or streetcar lines.

Merge

The process of reducing the number of lanes available to traffic, commonly from two lanes to one.

Michigan left

An at-grade intersection design which replaces each left turn with a right turn followed by a U-turn, or
a U-turn followed by a right turn

Milestone, mile markers, mileposts or mile post

One of a series of numbered markers placed along a road or boundary at intervals of one mile or
occasionally, parts of a mile.

Moped

A type of small motorcycle with bicycle pedals, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement
than full motorcycles or automobiles.

Motorcycle

A two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle.

Motorized bicycle

A bicycle with an attached motor or engine and transmission used either to power the vehicle
unassisted, or to assist with pedalling.
Motor vehicle, motorized vehicle, or automotive vehicle

A self-propelled vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on rails.

Moveable bridge or drawbridge

A bridge that moves to allow passage for boats or barges.

Move over law

A law which requires motorists to move over and change lanes to give safe clearance to law
enforcement officers, firefighters, ambulances, utility workers, and in some cases, tow-truck drivers.

Musical road

A road that produces a musical tune when driven over.

National highway

A road numbered consistently throughout a country. Maintenance of the road may be performed at
the national level or it may be devolved to states or provinces or to lower levels of administration. The
Interstate Highway System, Trans-Canada Highway, and German autobahns are examples of
national highways.

No name exit

An interchange that does not list any connecting roads or locations on road signs

One-way pair, one-way couple, or couplet

A pair of parallel, usually one-way streets that carry opposite directions of traffic.

Open road tolling

A form of electronic toll collection where tolls are collected at highway speeds without the need for
tollbooths.

Overpass

A bridge, road, railway or similar structure that crosses over another road or railway.
Overtaking or passing

The act of one vehicle going past another slower moving vehicle, travelling in the same direction.

Passing lane or overtaking lane

The lane closest to the median strip on a multi-lane highway.

Parkway

A broad, landscaped highway thoroughfare, particularly a roadway in a park or connecting to a park

from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are often excluded.[8]

Partial cloverleaf interchange, or parclo

An interchange that has loop ramps, as in a cloverleaf, but does not have the full set of eight ramps.
These use between four and seven ramps and are not full grade-separated; traffic making certain
movements between the intersecting roadways must stop.

Pedestrian

A person traveling on foot, whether walking or running.

Pedestrian crossing or crosswalk

A designated place for pedestrians to cross a road.

Pittsburgh left

A colloquial term for the driving practice of the first left-turning vehicle taking precedence over
vehicles going straight through an intersection.

Pothole

A depression in a road surface, usually asphalt pavement, where traffic has removed broken pieces
of the pavement.
Primitive road

A minor road system that is generally not maintained.

Priority or right of way

The traffic principle that establishes who has the right to go first when the intended courses of
vehicles or pedestrians intersect.

Private road

A road owned and maintained by a private individual, organization, or company rather than by a
government.

Public transport, public transportation, public transit, mass transit, or transit

A system of transport for passengers by group travel systems available for use by the general public,
typically managed on a schedule and operated on established routes.

Quadrant intersection

An intersection between two roads with an additional "quadrant roadway" between two legs of the
intersecting roads. Left turns (in right-hand traffic countries) or right turns (in left-hand traffic
countries) are made via the quadrant roadway rather than at the main intersection.

Raised pavement marker or raised reflective marker

A road surface marker used on roads, usually made with plastic, ceramic, thermoplastic paint or
occasionally metal, and come in a variety of shapes and colors.

Ramp meter

A device that regulates the flow of traffic entering a freeway.

Reassurance marker or confirming marker

A type of traffic sign that confirms the identity of the route being traveled on.
Red light camera

A type of traffic enforcement camera that captures an image of a vehicle which has entered an
intersection in spite of the traffic signal indicating red.

Rest area, travel plaza, rest stop, or service area

A public facility, located next to a large thoroughfare such as a highway, expressway, or freeway at
which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting on to secondary roads.

Reversible lane or tidal flow

A lane in which traffic may travel in either direction, depending on certain conditions. Typically, it is
meant to improve traffic flow during rush hours, by having overhead traffic lights and lighted street
signs notify drivers which lanes are open or closed to driving or turning.

Ridesharing company, transportation network company, or mobility service provider

A company that matches passengers with vehicles, via websites and mobile apps.

Right-in/right-out (RIRO) or left-in/left-out (LILO)

A type of three-way road intersection where turning movements of vehicles are restricted. A RIRO
permits only right turns and a LILO permits only left turns. RIRO is typical when vehicles drive on the
right, and LILO is usual where vehicles drive on the left.

Right-of-way

A type of easement granted or reserved over the land for transportation purposes, this can be for a
highway, public footpath, rail transport, canal, as well as electrical transmission lines, oil and gas
pipelines.[9]

Ring road, beltway, circumferential highway, or orbital

A highway or series of highways that encircle a city or town.

Road

A thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been paved or otherwise
improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle,
or horse.

Road diet, lane reduction, or road re-channelization

A technique in transportation planning whereby the number of travel lanes and/or effective width of
the road is reduced in order to achieve systemic improvements.
Roadkill

Animals struck and killed by road vehicles.

Road pricing or road user charges

Direct charges levied for the use of roads, including road tolls, distance or time based fees,
congestion charges and charges designed to discourage use of certain classes of vehicle, fuel
sources, or more polluting vehicles.

Road rage

Aggressive or angry behavior exhibited by a driver of a road vehicle.

Road surface or pavement

Durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic.

Road surface marking

Mechanical (cat's-eye reflectors), non-mechanical (paint), or temporary devices used on a road

surface that convey information to motorists, most commonly to delineate traffic lanes or to promote
road safety.

Road train or land train

A method of trucking where a tractor pulls two or more trailers.

Roundabout, rotary, or traffic circle

A type of circular intersection or junction in which road traffic flows almost continuously in one
direction around a central island.[10]

Route number, road number, or route identifier

A combination of letters and/or numbers that serve to identify a particular road. Route numbers may
be assigned randomly or as part of a regional numbering scheme.

Rumble strips, sleeper lines, rumple strips, audible lines, the corduroy, or growlers

A road surface mark used to alert inattentive drivers of potential danger, by causing a tactile vibration
and audible rumbling transmitted through the wheels into the vehicle interior.

Runaway truck ramp, runaway truck lane, escape lane, emergency escape ramp or truck
arrester bed
An emergency lane with a sand or gravel-filled bed large enough to accommodate and safely stop
large trucks, usually adjacent to a road with a steep down-hill grade.

Rush hour or peak hour

A part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads is at its highest.

Scenic route, tourist road, tourist route, tourist drive, holiday route, theme route, or scenic
byway

A specially designated road that travels through an area of natural beauty or cultural interest, or along
a historic route.

School bus

A vehicle used to transport students to and from school or school-related activities.

Scooter or motor scooter

A low-speed motorcycle with a step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.
Seagull intersection, continuous green T-intersection, turbo-T, or High-T intersection

A type of three-way road intersection, usually used on high traffic volume roads and dual
carriageways. In this type of intersection, one direction of traffic travels straight through without
stopping while those wishing to turn onto the side road at the intersection simply bear into a separate
lane, which forms one 'wing' of the seagull. Here, they meet the opposite carriageway and the side
road. Traffic wishing to turn out of the side road, simply cross the intersecting carriageway and drive
up the other 'wing' of the seagull, and merge onto the other carriageway.

Sealed road

A road on which the surface has been permanently sealed by the use of a pavement treatment, such
as bitumen.

Self-driving car, autonomous vehicle, or driverless car

A vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human input.

Sidewalk, footpath, footway, or pavement

A path along the side of a road.

Shoulder

A reserved lane by the verge of a road or motorway.

Shunpiking

The act of deliberately avoiding toll roads by using a toll-free alternate route.

Single carriageway or undivided highway

A road with one, two, or more lanes arranged within a roadway or carriageway with no physical
separation of opposing flows of traffic.

Single point urban interchange or SPUI

A variant of the diamond interchange most often used in urban areas where conservation of space is
necessitated.

Slip road or ramp

A connector road between the intersecting roads of an interchange.

Slope
Spaghetti Junction

A nickname sometimes given to a complicated or massively intertwined road traffic interchange that
resembles a plate of spaghetti. The term was originally used to refer to the Gravelly Hill Interchange
on the M6 in Birmingham.[11]

Special route

A prefixed and/or suffixed numbered road in the United States that forms a loop or spur of a more
dominant route of the same route number and system.

Speed bump, speed hump, speed ramp, speed cushion, or speed table

A family of traffic calming devices that use vertical deflection to slow motor-vehicle traffic in order to
improve safety conditions.

Speeding

Operating a vehicle at a speed higher than the speed limit of a particular road.

Speed limit

The maximum (or minimum in some cases) speed at which road vehicles may travel legally on
particular stretches of road.

Spur route

A highway that branches off of the mainline and goes to an area that is not served by the mainline
highway.

Stack interchange, butterfly junction, or directional interchange

A free-flowing, grade-separated junction between two roads, where movements are handled by semi-
directional flyovers or under ramps. Vehicles first exit the main carriageway, then complete the turn
via a ramp that crosses both highways, eventually merging with the traffic from the opposite side of
the interchange.
State highway, state road, state route, provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route

A road numbered or maintained by a state or province.

A road numbered or maintained by a national government, where "state" is used in its sense of a
nation (for example, state highways in New Zealand).

Stop sign

A traffic sign designed to notify drivers that they must come to a complete stop and make sure no
other road users are coming before proceeding.

Straight-line diagram or strip map

A diagram that describes a road and its features along a straight line.

Street

A public thoroughfare in a built environment.

Street name sign or street sign

A traffic sign designed to notify road users what the name of the street is.

Street running or on-street running

The routing of a railroad track or tramway track running directly along public streets, without any
grade separation.

Superstreet, restricted crossing U-turn (RCUT), J-turn, or Reduced Conflict Intersection

An at-grade intersection where traffic on the minor road cannot go straight across. Traffic on the
minor road wishing to turn left or continue straight must turn right onto the major road, then, a short
distance away, use a U-turn (or crossover) lane in the median before either going straight or making a
right turn when they intersect the other half of the minor road.

Super two, super two-lane highway, or wide two lane

A two-lane surface road built to highway standards, typically including partial control of access,
occasional passing lanes and hard shoulders.
T

Tailgating

When a driver drives behind another vehicle while not leaving sufficient distance to stop without
causing a collision if the vehicle in front stops suddenly.

Taxicab, taxi, or cab

A type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single passenger or small group of passengers,
often for a non-shared ride.

Texas U-turn, Texas turnaround, or Loop Around

A lane allowing cars traveling on one side of a one-way frontage road to U-turn onto the opposite
frontage road (typically crossing over or under a freeway or expressway).

Three-point turn, Y-turn, K-turn, or broken U-turn

A method of turning a vehicle around (making a 180° turn) in close quarters, such as in the middle of
a road at a point other than an intersection.

Three-way junction, 3-way junction, 3-way intersection, Y junction, Y intersection, T junction,

or T intersection

a type of road intersection with three arms. A Y junction generally has 3 arms of equal size. A T
junction also has 3 arms, but one of the arms is generally a minor road connecting to larger road.

Thru traffic

Road users passing through an area whose destination is elsewhere.

Ticket system or closed toll collection system

A toll road where motorists pay a toll rate based on the distance traveled from their origin to their
destination exit. Motorists take a ticket when entering the road and pay the toll and surrender the
ticket upon exiting.

Tollbooth, toll plaza, toll booth, or toll gate

A structure built on a toll road, bridge, or tunnel used for collecting fares from passing traffic.

Toll road, turnpike, or tollway

A road for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage.

Traffic
Pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, buses and other conveyances, either
singly or together, that use roads for purposes of travel.

Traffic bottleneck

A localized disruption of vehicular traffic on a road.

Traffic calming

The practice of making a road safer for motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists.

Traffic collision, motor vehicle collision, car crash or car accident

Occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other
stationary obstruction.

Traffic cone or pylon

A cone-shaped marker that is placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe
manner.

Traffic congestion

Condition involving slower speeds and longer trip times.

Traffic enforcement camera

A camera used to enforce traffic laws by photographing vehicles whose drivers are in violation of said
laws.

Traffic guard, traffic controller, flagman, or flagger

A person who directs traffic through a construction site or other temporary traffic control zone past an
area using gestures, signs or flags.

Traffic island, painted island, or ghost island

A solid or painted object in a road that channelizes traffic.

Traffic light

Signaling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations to control
competing flows of traffic.

Traffic sign or road sign

A method of conveying information to people who are using a road. Depending on location, the main
color of the sign can tell the motorist what type of information is presented on the sign.

Tram, trolley, or streetcar

A rail vehicle that runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets.

Truck driver, trucker or truckie, lorry driver, or driver

A person who earns a living by driving a truck.

Truck route

A bypass designed for heavy truck traffic.

Trumpet interchange

An interchange commonly used where one highway terminates at another highway; resembles the
bell of a trumpet.

Turnaround

A type of junction that allows traffic traveling in one direction on a road to efficiently make a U-turn
typically without backing up or making dangerous maneuvers in the middle of the traffic stream.

Turn off to stay on (TOTSO)

When a motorist must exit a highway to continue traveling on the same numbered route.

Turn on red

A principle of law permitting vehicles at a traffic light showing a red signal to turn into the direction of
traffic nearer to them (almost always after a complete stop) when the way is clear, without having to
wait for a green signal.
Two-lane expressway

An expressway with only one lane in each direction, and usually no median barrier.

Two-lane road

A single carriageway with one lane for each direction.

Underpass

A bridge, road, railway or similar structure that crosses under another road or railway.

Unsigned highway

A highway that has been assigned a route number, but does not bear road markings that would
conventionally be used to identify the route with that number.

Unused highway, ski jump, stub ramp, stub street, stub-out, or stub

A highway or highway ramp that was partially or fully constructed, but was unused or later closed.

U-turn

A 180° rotation to reverse the direction of travel so called because the maneuver looks like the letter
U.

Variable-message sign, dynamic message sign, or matrix sign

A traffic sign that can display important messages about special events to motorists. Commute times,
weather alerts, AMBER alerts, and advanced notices of road construction or accidents are common
messages.

Vehicle

A machine that transports people or cargo.

Vehicle for hire

A vehicle providing shared transport, which transports one or more passengers between locations of
the passengers' choice.

Vehicle registration plate, license plate or number plate

A metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes.

Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals

A multilateral treaty designed to increase road safety and aid international road traffic by
standardizing the signing system for road traffic (road signs, traffic lights and road markings) in use
internationally.

Vienna Convention on Road Traffic

An international treaty designed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by
establishing standard traffic rules among the contracting parties.

Weave

Weaving typically occurs at interchanges. Cloverleaf interchanges are especially prone to weaving
when an entering vehicle tries to merge into a traffic lane while another vehicle is attempting to exit
from the same lane. Weaving also occurs when vehicles enter traffic from inner lanes and must
quickly exit from outer lanes.

Weigh station

A checkpoint along a highway to inspect vehicular weights. Usually, trucks and commercial vehicles
are subject to the inspection.

Wildlife crossing

A structure built to allow animals to cross a road safely.

Wrong-way concurrency

A concurrency between two roads with opposite signed directions, e.g. a westbound highway and an
eastbound highway. Often, the physical roadbed is actually headed in a totally different cardinal
direction.

Xing or x-ing
An abbreviation for road crossing, primarily used in North America and in the Philippines.

Yellow trap

Occurs at a traffic light when oncoming traffic has an extended green period.

Yield sign

A traffic sign used to indicate that each driver must prepare to stop if necessary to let a driver on
another approach proceed.

Zebra crossing

A pedestrian crossing marked by alternating dark and light stripes, which typically gives extra rights of
way to pedestrians.

Transportation and Logistics

The logistics industry can feel like a collection of acronyms if you aren’t aware of all the terminologies used in
transportation. With the knowledge of these key definitions, any logistics professional is well prepared to make exact
choices that aid your customers and ultimately your business reach and success.
 
Other terminologies used in transportation?
Agent – An individual who handles the business on behalf of another company or individual with limited or
complete authority.
Adjustments – They are the expenses incurred after the shipment is delivered. They could be the difference between
the freight features quoted earlier and the final delivered shipment details about their weight, types, and proportions
or any other extra services.
Axle Load – This refers to the weight of the axle put on the highways.
Bill of Lading (BOL) – It is the legal contract between the carrier and the shipping company, broker, or agent that
outlines all characteristics of the freight shipping plan.
Blocking and bracing – It implies to all the supports employed to keep the shipment goods properly on trailers or in
containers during transportation. It is best employed by skilled and experienced shippers for the safe delivery of
goods.
Blind Shipment – This is a scenario where the shipper and receiver are not aware of each other. Here, the Bill of
lading provides all the details of the paying party in the form of a shipper or receiver.
Brokerage License – It is a legal document that should be present with the broker to make freight shipping
arrangements via different modes of shipping.
Bulk Freight – It refers to the freight that is not packed in the containers. It could be in the form of a solid or liquid
whole form like crude oil, sand, etc.
Classification – Every freight is classified as different types of shipments for differentiating different transportation
costs. This freight classification is employed for quantities of less than truckload shipments (LTL).
Cartage – This is a type of shipping freight that is transported within the same locality or city.
Chassis – This is a common term that implies the frame of wheels and locking strategies to protect the trailer or
container during the shipping process.
Concealed Damage – This is the damage that is only seen after the package is opened.
Consignee – This is a person who is commercially accountable for receiving the shipment and the receipt details of
the shipment.
Customs Broker– This a person who is given license by the U.S. Treasury Department to act for freight importing
and export companies adhering to U.S. Customs transactions.
Consignor – It is the person who is accountable for sending the materials to the consignee and he is considered as
legal owner till the payment is fully completed.
Consolidation – When two or more shipments are joined together to get monetary benefits on the overall freight
shipping charges.
Exceptions – This is mentioned in the Bill of Lading before it is signed when there is an issue like damage or
shortage of items. It labels that there was a problem with the shipment.
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating – This refers to the maximum operating weight of the vehicle as mentioned by the
manufacturer. It includes all the aspects like driver, engine, fuels, entire body, chassis, cargo but excludes the weight
of the container.
Interline: It implies the process where the primary carrier of the shipment transfers the shipment to another carrier
before reaching the final destination.
Inbound Freight – This is an essential aspect of supply chain referring to the shipments arriving from vendors.
Intermodal Transportation – When the shipping process is done using two or more modes of transportation it is
called intermodal. Shipping may include shipments carried between, truck and rail shipments but also includes truck
to air or truck to ships in case of overseas shipping service.
Motor property broker – This individual has all the knowledge and contacts in the industry and will understand all
the client requirements. He will use his expertise to speak to a carrier who meets the client’s needs and negotiates the
overall shipping rate with them.
Motor Carrier – It refers to an individual who provides motor vehicle transportation.
Nested – This word refers to the materials that are kept in such a way that one item goes inside other. It is generally
used in less than Truckload (LTL) shipping and reduces the total space occupied by the overall freight items.
Tariff – This is the total charge and contract details pf a freight shipment for the shipper and carrier.
Through Rate – This is the rate that is applied to the distance between the starting point and the final destination.
Time-critical: This type of freight delivery is done with a time constraint factor and the earliest possible delivery
time.
Time-Definite – This type of freight shipping delivery that guarantees delivery on a specific time of the day or a
particular day.
Transit Time – It refers to the total amount of time from the goods being picked up to the point of delivery.
Truckload (TL) – Truckload shipping is the shipping of goods that are filled by a large trailer or container. This
type of shipping is usually carried out to a customer who needs the space of the whole container to be filled with his
materials. Truckload shipping is best suited for a company that has a large number of freight pallets and LTL
shipping isn’t efficient. Refrigerated or dry truck vans are examples of such types of shipping.
Volume Rate – If the shipment is less than truckload (LTL), then a term volume rate is required to measure the
loads.
Warehouse: This implies the storage of goods in a specific space for a particular amount of time. All types of goods
and materials are generally stored at the warehouses to point where they are ready to be shipped.
 
Bottom line:
If you are searching for any type of freight transportation services, contact Corlett Express. We provide quick,
secured, and risk-free service to all areas of Utah and solve your specific logistical needs.

Road Signs In The Philippines And Their Meanings You

Need To Know

How well-versed are you in the standard road signs in the Philippines and their
meanings? Continue reading to learn more about traffic laws in this country!

There are currently eight different types of road safety signs, each with its own set of
definitions. They are all vital, and drivers in the Philippines must memorize these
functions to drive legally.

Philmotorlaw will soon provide you with a complete guide of these eight different
types of road signs in the Philippines and their meanings as below. 

List Of Road Signs And Their Meanings In The Philippines

Road signs in the Philippines seem quite different from those of other countries around
the world. If you plan to go to the Philippines to travel or work, learn as much about the
signs as possible. Since the traffic system and the number of signs in the Philippines
are numerous, having a thorough understanding of each type of sign will avoid
unnecessary traffic violations. A list of the most common types of signs will be outlined
as below:

Road Signs And Symbols Philippines: Regulatory Signs

Regulatory signs with various symbols are used to display or enforce traffic laws,
regulations, or specifications that apply in a specific location on a highway or on the
street.

Regulatory traffic signs Philippines will support better traffic flow management. It is one
of the most popular road signages in the Philippines,  and motorists in the Philippines
need to understand their meaning while traveling.
Regulatory signs
According to the traffic signs Philippines LTO, there are six subgroups of signs in this
regulatory sign group:

● Parking and stopping

● Miscellaneous signs. 
● Priority
● Direction prohibitive/restrictive
● Speed limit

The most common streets are stop signs, speed limits, and parking signs. They are
also straightforward to understand. Less common types about the size and load
restriction requirements.

This includes signs warning vehicle owners to guard against areas where other people
may cross the street, such as children, people with disabilities, pedestrians, or
bicyclists.

Road And Traffic Signs In The Philippines: Warning Signs

Signs on this list all have the form of an upward triangle and a red border. Warning
road signs act to alert the driver of potential hazards ahead or the layout on the road
ahead.
Drivers are warned of upcoming road layouts or potential dangers by warning road
signs.
They may report information such as railroad crossing signs in the Philippines, road
widths, traffic lights, obstacles, or attention to the intersection ahead, so that vehicle
owners are more careful when traveling in these regions.

Traffic Signs And Symbols In The Philippines: Guide/Informative Signs 

Coming to Guide / Informative Signs indicate that a turn is crucial in front or behind an
exit, especially a gas station, hospital, restaurant, airport, or resort.

Informative road signs

In the Philippines, other types of signs, symbols, and markers such as landmarks are
also often used to inform us how far away we are from that place.
Philippine Road Signs And Meaning: Signs On Expressways
These types of Signs On Expressways are usually green or blue but sometimes are
neutral white to indicate the direction of the vehicle owner. Sometimes, they will appear
in red to announce the slowdown to the driver.

These kinds
of sign indicate directional instructions
Traffic Signs In The Philippines With Meaning: Traffic Instruction Signs
This type of sign is used to guide the flow of information within a specific area as some
areas will have their own rules for road users, for example, in the Metro Manila area.
 Traffic
instruction road signs
Traffic Signs Meaning Philippines: Hazard Markers
This type of Hazard Markers sign is very popular in rural areas because there are only
two lanes and only the direction of the road.
 Hazard
markers are widely used to show the heading road
When hazard markers are mounted on the side of the lane, however, the approaching
driver knows which way to turn. It can also show two-way roads and offer a heads-up if
there is a potential hazard ahead.

Philippine Standard Traffic Signs: Road Work Signs

What is the meaning of

Road word signs
Road Work Signs are used to warn the vehicle owner to slow down or enter the other
direction due to construction ahead.

The History Of Road Signs

Traffic signs have been around for a long time and are present in almost every country.
Have you ever wondered, “How did they invent traffic signs?”

Thousands of years ago, the Romans built many roads to transport goods, people, and
food to supply and support the army.

They have marked many points at intersections on some of the ways to Rome. And
gradually, different types of signs were born because other countries learned from the
Roman directions.

Why Is It Important To Understand Road Signs And Their Meanings?  

You may not know that traffic signs were born a long time ago, even before the first
cars.

Today, road symbols and signs have become an important part of traffic laws in many
countries, especially the Philippines. Everyone is responsible for understanding the
true meaning of all traffic signs in the Philippines.

Traffic signs provide the most necessary information for everyone who is on the route.
They are available as language, images, or symbols for the safety of everyone.

Today’s traffic signs are more likely to use pictures or symbols in place of language
because they are easy to understand. People in different countries can also
understand almost all traffic signs meaning the Philippines, and do not need to read.

Road Signs In The Philippines And Their Meanings: Conclusion

This article aims to equip everyone with the most basic knowledge about road signs in
the Philippines and their meanings. This is especially important to protect
everyone’s safety.

Reading traffic signs and their meanings is an essential skill and responsibility of each
vehicle owner and road user.
LTO Road Signs or commonly referred to Traffic Signs are
basic arrows and illustrations that implies useful information on the road to be easily
understood by motorists and drivers. These are being used to prevent crashes,
ensures safety and smoothen driving on public roads.
Road Signs are mostly be found above or beside a highway, a curve road, an
intersection, a bridge, a slippery road, etc. This is a way to inform the drivers about the
incoming road situation ahead whether he/she has to stop, make the car run slower,
make a hard turn right and others actions.

Most road signs are colored blue, read and green with the shapes of circle, equilateral triangle,
rectangle, pentagon and octagon. The road signs are categorized into Danger Warning Signs, Priority
Signs, Prohibition Signs, Mandatory Signs, Information/Facilities/Services
Signs and Direction/Position/Indication Signs.
In random order, below are the common road signs in the Philippines. You should be familiar what
each implies to know what’s ahead and perform actions that needs to be done.

40 Common Road Signs in the Philippines

1. Stop
2. Give Way

3. No Entry
4. No entry for Bicycles

5. No entry for Trucks

6. No entry for Pedestrians
7. No Right Turn

8. No Left Turn
9. No U-Turn

10. No Overtaking
11. 60 KPH

12. No Parking
13. No Blowing of Horns

14. Weight Restriction

15. Proceed Straight

16. Turn Right | Turn Left

17. Keep Right | Keep Left

18. Turn Left Only | Turn Right Only

19. Two-Way Traffic

20. Merging Traffic

21. Pedestrian Crossing

22. School Children Crossing

23. Wheelchair Crossing

24. Sharp Turn to the Left | Sharp Turn to the Right

25. Double Turn to the Left | Double Turn to the Right

26. Curve to the Left | Curve to the Right

27. Hairpin Curve to the Left | Hairpin Curve to the Right

28. Crossroads
29. T-Junction

30. Y-Junction
31. Roundabout

32. Narrow Bridge

33. Narrow Road

34. Humps
35. Steep Descent

36. Falling Rocks Right | Falling Rocks Left

37. Slippery Road

38. Animal Crossing

39. Low Flying Aircraft

40. Traffic Signal Ahead

White Restricted Road Symbol Signs

No U-Turn Sign
MUTCD R3-4
Item Y2732

No Left Turn Sign

MUTCD R3-2
Item Y2731
No Right Turn Sign
MUTCD R3-1
Item Y2730

No Trucks Sign
MUTCD R5-2
Item Y2737

No Pedestrian Traffic Sign

MUTCD R9-3a
Item Y2739
No Hitchhiking Sign
MUTCD R9-4
Item X4917

No Equestrian Sign
MUTCD R9-14
Item X4918
No Motor Vehicles On Tracks Sign
MUTCD R15-6
Item X4930

Yellow Road Symbol Signs

Pedestrian Crossing Sign

MUTCD W11-2
Item X5642
School Zone Sign
MUTCD S1-1
Item X5646

School Bus Stop Ahead Sign

MUTCD S3-1
Item X5706
Bicycle Traffic Warning Sign
MUTCD W11-1
Item Y2359

Truck Crossing Sign

MUTCD W11-10
Item X5753
Snowmobile Crossing Sign
MUTCD W11-6
Item X5234

Emergency Vehicle Crossing Sign

MUTCD W11-8
Item X5235
Handicapped Crossing Sign
MUTCD W11-9
Item X5236

Horse-Drawn Vehicle Crossing Sign

MUTCD W11-14
Item X5239
Bicycle & Pedestrian Crossing Sign
MUTCD W11-15
Item X5247

Farm Machinery Crossing Sign

MUTCD W11-5A
Item X5754
Farm Machinery Crossing Sign
MUTCD W11-5
Item X5756

Deer Crossing Sign

MUTCD W11-3
Item Y2365
Cattle Symbol Sign
MUTCD W11-4
Item X5774

Horse Symbol Sign

MUTCD W11-7
Item X5775
Bear Symbol Sign
MUTCD W11-16
Item X5776

Sheep Symbol Sign

MUTCD W11-17
Item X5777
Big Horn Sheep Symbol Sign
MUTCD W11-18
Item X5778

Donkey Symbol Sign

MUTCD W11-19
Item X5779
Two Way Street Sign
MUTCD W6-3
Item Y2352

Stop Ahead Sign

MUTCD W3-1
Item Y2360
Yield Ahead Sign
MUTCD W3-2
Item X5139

Traffic Signal Ahead Sign

MUTCD W3-3
Item X5141
Right Curve Ahead Sign
MUTCD W1-2R
Item Y2351

Left Curve Ahead Sign

MUTCD W1-2L
Item Y2367
Right Turn Ahead Sign
MUTCD W1-1R
Item Y2350

Left Turn Ahead Sign

MUTCD W1-1L
Item Y2366
Left Winding Road Sign
MUTCD W1-5L
Item X5108
Right Winding Road Sign
MUTCD W1-5R
Item X5109

Cross Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W2-1
Item X5131
Left Side Road Intersection Sign
MUTCD W2-2L
Item X5132

Right Side Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W2-2R
Item X5133

Left Combination Curve / Side Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W1-10L
Item X5113
Right Combination Curve / Side Road Intersection Sign
MUTCD W1-10R
Item X5114

Left Combination Curve / Cross Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W1-10aL
Item X5115
Right Combination Curve / Cross Road Intersection Sign
MUTCD W1-10aR
Item X5116

Left Combination Curve / Side Road Intersection (Tangent) Sign

MUTCD W1-10bL
Item X5117
Right Combination Curve / Side Road Intersection (Tangent) Sign
MUTCD W1-10bR
Item X5118

Left Combination Curve / Cross Road Intersection (Tangent From Side) Sign
MUTCD W1-10cL
Item X5119

Right Combination Curve / Cross Road Intersection (Tangent From Side) Sign
MUTCD W1-10cR
Item X5120

Left Combination Reverse Curve / Side Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W1-10dL
Item X5121

Right Combination Reverse Curve / Side Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W1-10dR
Item X5122

Left Combination Reverse Curve / Cross Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W1-10eL
Item X5123

Right Combination Reverse Curve / Cross Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W1-10eR
Item X5124
Left Diagonal Side Road Intersection Sign
MUTCD W2-3L
Item X5134

Right Diagonal Side Road Intersection Sign

MUTCD W2-3R
Item X5135
Chevron Alignment Sign
MUTCD W1-8
Item X4433

Gas Traffic Sign

Item G5117
Low Clearance Sign
MUTCD W12-2
Item X5832

Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Left Sign

MUTCD W10-2L
Item X5735
Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Right Sign
MUTCD W10-2R
Item X5736

Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Left Sign

MUTCD W10-3L
Item X5737
Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Right Sign
MUTCD W10-3R
Item X5738

Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Right Sign

MUTCD W10-4R
Item X5739
Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Left Sign
MUTCD W10-4L
Item X5740

Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Sign

MUTCD W10-11
Item X5742
Skewed Crossing Symbol Railroad Sign
MUTCD W10-12
Item X5743

Light Rail Activated Blank-Out Symbol Sign

MUTCD W10-7
Item X5734
Orange Road Symbol Signs

Men At Work Rigid Sign

MUTCD W21-1
Item X4605

Flagger Ahead Rigid Sign

MUTCD W20-7
Item X4569
Right Lane Ending Symbol Roll-Up Sign
MUTCD W4-2R
Item X4792

Left Lane Ending Symbol Roll-Up Sign

MUTCD W4-2L
Item X4793
Two Lane Reverse Curve Left Sign
MUTCD W1-4bL
Item X5013

Two Lane Reverse Curve Right Sign

MUTCD W1-4bR
Item X5014
Three Lane Reverse Curve Left Sign
MUTCD W1-4cL
Item X5015

Three Lane Reverse Curve Right Sign

MUTCD W1-4cR
Item X5016
Center Lane Closed Ahead Sign
MUTCD W9-3a
Item X5020

One Lane Double Reverse Curve Left Sign

MUTCD W24-1L
Item X5021
One Lane Double Reverse Curve Right Sign
MUTCD W24-1R
Item X5022

Two Lane Double Reverse Curve Left Sign

MUTCD W24-1aL
Item X5023
Two Lane Double Reverse Curve Right Sign
MUTCD W24-1aR
Item X5024

Three Lane Double Reverse Curve Left Sign

MUTCD W24-1bL
Item X5025
Three Lane Double Reverse Curve Right Sign
MUTCD W24-1bR
Item X5026
Other Categories You May Be Interested In

Custom Traffic Signs

Choose from a variety of custom traffic sign templates to create the message you
need.

Stop Signs
Official stops signs for roadways, parking lots and industrial facility traffic.

Street Signs
Choose from official street name signs in various style or customize your own.

Road Signs
Signs for controlling traffic, warning motorists, and keeping drivers safe.
Traffic Control Signs
Signs to help control traffic flow: turn signs, one-way signs, detour signs and more.

Speed Limit Signs

Speed Limit, MPH, and Slow Down signs for parking lots, roadways, and
neighborhoods.
Crossing Signs
Keep pedestrian, animal, in-street, and vehicle crossing areas clearly marked.

Road Work Signs

Alert drivers to road construction areas or other incidents.
Yield Signs
Official yield signs for roadways, parking lots, and industrial plant traffic areas.

Roll Up Signs
Portable signs to alert drivers of road work areas and traffic incidents.
Traffic Safety Signs
Remind drivers about safety and identify areas where children are playing.

MUTCD Signs / DOT Signs

All of our official MUTCD signs in one place.
Warning Road Signs
Alert drivers of potential road hazards or emergency road situations.

School Zone Signs

Signs to mark children crossing, playground areas, and more.
Accessories
Everything you need to display your signs from sign posts to mounting hardware.

Common warning signs you are likely to see on the

road:
1. Slippery When Wet. ...
2. Traffic Signal Ahead. ...
3. Stop Ahead. ...
4. Left (or Right) Turn Ahead. ...
5. Sharp Curve to the Right (or Left) ...
6. Merging Traffic. ...
7. Advisory Speed on Exit Ramp. ...
8. No Passing Zone.

What are the seven common road signs in the Philippines?

You should take note of any warning signs in Philippines as they are designed to
alert you of possible dangers ahead.
● Cattle crossing.
● Warning U-turn.
● Warning for a narrowing.
● Traffic light ahead.
● Falling rocks in road - area warning.
● Give way to all traffic.
● Rail crossing without barriers ahead.
● Warning for curves.

There are three basic types of traffic sign: signs that give orders, signs that warn
and signs that give information. Each type has a different shape. A further guide to the
function of a sign is its colour. All triangular signs are red.
What are the 4 shapes of a warning sign?
Standard Sign Shapes

Circle Exclusively for railroad crossing advance

warning signs

Diamond Warning signs (permanent or temporary)

Rectangle (Longer
Regulatory signs
Dimension Vertical)

Rectangle (Longer Guide signs, some warning signs, and some

Dimension Horizontal) temporary traffic control signs

What are examples of a warning sign?

Some of the most common warning signs are the following.
● General caution.
● Curves and corners.
● Intersections.
● Pedestrian crossings.
● Obstacles.
● Road conditions.
● Traffic signals.
● Warning signs for regulatory signs.

What sign is no stopping?

The 'No Stopping' sign, means that drivers must not stop their vehicles in the area
shown on the sign. This includes stopping to pick up or drop off passengers, as well
as loading or unloading goods.
What are the 4 categories of traffic signs?
Solutions
● Mandatory signs.
● Cautionary signs.
● Informative signs.
● Warning signs.

Traffic signs are divided into three categories: regulatory, warning, and guide signs.
What are yellow signs called?
Warning signs
Warning signs are yellow with black lettering or symbols and most are diamond-
shaped. These signs warn you to slow down and be prepared to stop if necessary; a
special situation or hazard is ahead.

The road signs provided are actually there to ensure your safety while driving. All
you need to do is consider them and follow each signage for ultimate protection. These
markers also allow drivers to know their required speed limit on certain points.Sep 16,
2016

What is the importance of road signs?

Traffic signs are necessary to give information for routes, directions, and warnings
for drivers. These should be clear to convey the intended message for road users to
understand. Drivers tend to ignore the road signs while authorities opt not to enforce
them.
Why is it important to be knowledgeable about signs and signals?
Knowing the proper road signs and traffic light signals are essential in keeping you
safe while driving and making sure you stick to the proper rules and regulations.
Having proper knowledge is a must to become a licensed and safe driver, and with this
guide, you would be able to go along your way and drive smoothly.

What is the most important road sign?

Stop signs (MUTCD R1-1) are likely the most iconic of all traffic signs. Both the shape
and color are important to how a stop sign is recognized and understood. No other sign
is of an octagon shape, and no other sign is red in color. This is done because of the
importance a stop sign has on traffic safety.

Why is it important to follow road safety rules?

Knowing the traffic rules in our region and applying them can prevent us from getting
involved in an car accident and save us the pain and costs of a traffic ticket due
to a violation. If we didn't have any traffic laws there would be chaos on the roads and
many disasters could happen.
Why do you think one of the most important road signs a driver must be aware of is the
speed limit?

AVOIDANCE TO SPEEDING CAN PREVENT PROBLEMS

Not only is going over the speed limit a possible detriment to the person who gets hit –
but also to the driver. If the driver hits someone and they get injured they could be
looking at not only a fine but also possible jail time.

Why do you think it is important to follow speed limits?

The primary purpose of speed limits is to enhance safety by reducing risks imposed
by drivers speed choices. The intent is to reduce disparities in speeds and reduce
the potential for vehicle conflicts.
How important is speed in ensuring safety on the road?
The greater the speed of a vehicle at the time of a crash, the higher the risk of
death for a pedestrian struck. Because higher speeds increase fatalities, new
approaches in speed management, such as the Safe System Approach, are needed to
reduce roadway fatalities and increase the safety of all road users.

What will happen if we don't follow traffic rules?

In what way can we reduce road accidents?
Help prevent road traffic accidents
● Avoiding over-speeding and following speed limits.
● Avoiding drunken driving.
● Using helmets by two-wheeler drivers.
● Using seat belts and child restraints in cars.
● Improving visibility, appropriate headlights and road lightings.

How do speed limits save lives?

Increasing a road's speed limit to the actual speed that vehicles are traveling can make
roadways safer. When the majority of traffic is traveling at the same speed, traffic flow
improves and there are fewer accidents.

What is the most common cause of road accidents?

Undoubtedly, distracted driving is the number one cause of car accidents. A
distracted driver does not have their complete attention on the road, and they may be
paying closer attention to a mobile device, passengers, or even a cheeseburger.

What is the essence of speed limits in using road?

Speed limits are a must for traffic control, for safety in neighborhoods and for
avoidance of collisions. Traffic control establishes a set of rules and regulations that
people rely on to help avoid collisions and other hazards.
What causes accidents on the road?

Leading causes of road accidents among young drivers

texting while driving. lack of experience, especially in poor road or weather
conditions. failure to use seatbelts. being distracted by other passengers.
What is conclusion of road accident?
Road accidents: Road accidents are the product of reckless driving without any
road sense.
How can we avoid accidents?
Ways to prevent common accidents and protect your small...
1. Avoid slips and falls. ...
2. Be aware of electrical hazards. ...
3. Limit manual handling and lifting. ...
4. Keep a well-stocked first aid kit in plain sight. ...
5. Create an emergency action plan. ...
6. Identify staff who may need extra help in an emergency. ...
7. Promote fire safety.

Minimum speed limits improve traffic flow

To put it simply, minimum speeds improve traffic flow, especially on narrow highways
with only one or two lanes per direction. Geico says that when one driver goes
especially slow, it can create a blockage, delays, hazards, and even road rage.
When there is no stated speed restriction on the interstate, 55 mph is the safest driving
speed on a rural highway. However, a safe speed on residential roads is between 10
and 25 mph. The fastest speed to drive is the posted speed limit.
Is it safer to have no speed limit?
A road without speed limits might sound like an accident waiting to happen, but the
autobahn is among the safest highway networks in the world. That's mainly due to
a handful of stringent safety rules, as well as the presence of the autobahnpolizei – the
autobahn's dedicated police force.
IMPORTANT WAYS TO AVOID ACCIDENTS
1. Drive in the prescribed speed limits on the various roads. ...
2. Always put on helmets, seat belts and other safety equipments before driving a
bicycle/ motor cycle/vehicle. ...
3. Do not drink and drive. ...
4. Never use mobile phones or ear phones while driving.

What are the effects of road accidents?

It effect ranges from physical, emotional, social and economic effects for everyone
involved. Drivers and passengers can suffer from minor cuts and bruises to broken
limbs, whiplash, back and spinal injuries, paralysis and even death.Jun 26, 2022
Essay on Road Accident: Road accidents have become very common
nowadays. As more and people are buying automobiles, the incidences of road
accidents are just increasing day by day. Furthermore, people have also become more
careless now. Not many people follow the traffic rules.

Why is speed important in transportation?

Travel speed is an intrinsic feature of transport. If there is no speed, there is no
transport. The opportunity to move to another location or to transport goods is
essential for human living; the human nature is not equipped for permanently staying
at one location, like plants and trees.
What are the two strategies that increase safety in all adverse driving conditions?
Avoid overheating your car, even in the winter. Slow down and increase following
distance so you'll have more time to react.
How can unsafe road use impact negatively on your lifestyle choices?
Death and injury are the tragic costs of many road crashes that occur each year. While
not all these injuries are serious, some result in permanent disabilities such as
brain damage, spinal injury and movement loss, affecting the quality of life,
income and relationships of those involved.

Common Causes of Car Accidents

Despite new advances in vehicle technology, such as backup cameras, adaptive
headlights, and forward collision systems (FCS), car accidents still happen. The National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates 36,560 people were killed on the roads in
2018, and 2.71 million accident victims sustained injuries that required a visit to a medical
professional.

Whether minor or severe, accidents can drastically change a person’s life. They can result
in a loss of wages, pain and suffering, or permanent disabilities. Just because traffic
accidents are common doesn’t mean familiarizing yourself with the facts should be
brushed aside.

There are two categories of the causes of traffic accidents. The first being the fault of
human error, and the second class being everything else.

Common Causes of Car Accidents Due to Driver Error

Most traffic accidents don’t necessarily have to do with knowing how to drive a vehicle but
more so which decisions the driver makes behind the wheel. In fact, about 94% of all road
accidents are caused by human error.

At some point, a number of drivers will find themselves guilty of committing some of the
most common causes of traffic accidents. However, heightening awareness for these
causes can further educate and hopefully influence drivers to be more cautious on the
road.

Start taking preventative measures by keeping these events in mind the next time you
drive.

DISTRACTED DRIVING
One of the top causes of car accidents can be blamed on distracted driving. Despite
popular opinion, the brain is incapable of focusing on more than one task at a time. This
means that when a driver is texting, talking on the phone, grooming, reading, or even
eating while driving, the brain is switching between tasks and unable to consistently focus
on what’s ahead.

DRUNK DRIVING
Drunk driving is responsible for an average of 29 deaths per day. But thanks to recent
educational efforts, deaths related to drunk driving have lessened.
SPEEDING
Running late to work, keeping up with traffic, or simply unintentionally driving over the
speed limit are of the top causes of speeding-related accidents.

RUNNING RED LIGHTS AND STOP SIGNS

Approximately 40% of car accidents occur at intersections, with the cause being running a
red light or a stop sign. It’s not worth avoiding the one to two minute (or less) wait to risk
injuring or even killing yourself or others.

RECKLESS DRIVING
Switching lanes too quickly, blatantly disregarding the safety and/or property of others,
and purposely failing to abide by cautionary measures are only some characteristics of
reckless driving.

AGGRESSIVE DRIVING
Aggressive driving includes any combination of traffic offenses that endanger other drivers
or property, including speeding.

FATIGUE
Sleepiness, drowsiness, or downright exhaustion can impair a driver’s ability to
competently respond, react, or discern conditions on the road.

Common Causes of Car Accidents Unrelated to Human Error

Sometimes the safest, most defensive drivers fall victim to car accidents, but not by way of
their own error. Other factors can have a big influence.

WEATHER CONDITIONS
Slippery roads from rain, snow, or ice affect traction in tires, in turn causing vehicles to
slide off the road or hit other objects or vehicles. Fog, water levels, and wind speed may
also contribute to weather-related accidents.

ROAD CONDITIONS
Poorly maintained roadways increase the risk of a popped tire and influence a driver’s
ability to brake adequately.
VEHICLE DEFECTS
Cars consist of hundreds upon hundreds of parts that keep them running safely and
smoothly. But with that many parts, it is not uncommon for them to go haywire and
malfunction.

Important Points on Road Safety and Suggestion for

Improvements
Road safety education is vital for people of all ages. As a responsible citizen, you
should be aware of each and every rules of the road. Observation is the key skill you
need in ensuring road safety. Safety education begins right from your school. By
obeying safety rules and regulations, you can save yourself and others on the road.
Today, student road safety is given more priority than earlier. Students are the future of
a country and hence as a citizen, it is your responsibility to protect them. Here follows
10 important points on road safety and certain suggestions for improvement:
1. Awareness of Traffic signs There are different types of traffic signs you should…
show more content…
One of the greatest advantage of direction indicators is that it is easier to recognize.
Traffic signs and symbols Every junctions will have traffic lights indicating different
meaning that allow safe walking and travelling. You should be able to know some of
the essential traffic signs for u-turn, one way, hospitals, schools, prohibited zones, no
horn area etc. to avoid hazards.
Lanes of the road It is better for you to stay on the left side of road at all times. When
you are changing lanes, signal others by means of hand signals and direction
indicators. Also you can avoid regular lane changing.
2. Speeding limit

By setting permissible speed limit, you will be able to control traffic and thus ensure
student road safety. Police officials are now making use of automated machines to
keep track the speed of vehicles. And they can impose penalty on people who are
violating speed limit. In addition to this, you can install speed witness radars in high
traffic areas and highways which works on the Doppler effect principle which gives the
exact speed of every moving…show more content…
Maintenance of your vehicle Before taking the vehicle to the road, it is necessary for
you to check the condition of vehicles. You should check out the petrol/diesel limit, bald
tyres, glass wipers etc. Carefully.

5. Implement the driver violation point system This system is designed to identify and
take action against high risk drivers. Certain points are given to various traffic violations
such as reckless driving, speeding, use of cell phones while driving, inadequate
brakes, not using seat belts etc and is recorded in the driving record in times of
violation. Based on these records, you can suspend or revoke licenses of drivers who
violate traffic regulations.

6. Awareness through hoardings You can make use of hoardings to display traffic rules
as it easily grabs attention of people. When people see it everyday, even the ones who
don't have much education on road safety will come to know about it. Such messages
proves effective and helps to avoid careless accidents.

5 tips for driving your car in the rain.

● August 25, 2021
●
It’s always a puddle of emotions when the monsoon arrives. Same goes for our car too.
While many out there love the adrenaline of driving their cars in heavy rain, there are a
few things to keep in mind for better maintenance of your car. 

Wet roads and moving vehicles cannot work together and should be avoided as much
as possible. Unfortunately, during this pandemic, not everyone works from home or is
forced to leave a safe home. If you must drive during the rainy season, you should
keep in mind some important tips, they will definitely help you drive better and safer.

● The clearer your view, the better

One of the things we don’t realise is how quickly our vision of the road can be
hampered when driving in the rain. This is why we always need to keep the front and
rear windshield clean at all times. Wipers help in a big way to keep things clear and
safe while the AC helps in circulating fresh air and stops the windows from fogging up.
The better your vision, the better you will be able to drive.

● Keep your feet dry

We all know how wet shoes on a metal surface (manhole cover) and friction become
an unattainable dream. Likewise, during the rainy season, you may enter a car with wet
shoes, and using these shoes to control the accelerator, brakes, and traction can be
challenging. High-quality rubber pads come in handy here, you can quickly dry your
shoes, allowing you to ride safely. If the beauty of the shoes is more important to you,
you can wear a shower cap on the shoes to prevent the shoes from getting wet and
dirty.

● Maybe slow down a little bit

Speeding is the main cause of car accidents in India, and the danger only increases
when it rains. On rainy days, it is best to relax while driving. Water skiing is a
phenomenon in which a thin film is formed between a car tire and the road surface.
This can cause the car to slip and eventually cause the driver to lose control. Water
skiing occurs when the vehicle is driving too fast and the tires are not properly attached
to the road. When driving slowly, the risk of skidding is greatly reduced, and even when
skidding, it is easier to control at lower speeds.
 ● Stick to the middle

The road is equipped with side drains so that excess rain or water can be drained
quickly. However, on Indian roads, these sewers are often blocked and cannot work
properly. This means that a lot of water tends to gather at the edge of the road instead
of in the middle. Therefore, if you want to make driving safer during the rainy season,
you should choose a location close to the center of the road. When you drive
sideways, you not only risk hitting large potholes and engine water, but other cars can
easily splash water on your car and windshield, making it difficult to see ahead.

● Puddles are a hurdle

India’s roads and heavy rain are likely to be the biggest enemies on the planet, and
when these two opponents collide, they will eventually become puddles. Deceptive,
usually muddy, inevitable pits filled with water, dirt and whatever you choose to sink in.
If the driver does not take the puddle seriously, the puddle is very dangerous. It is best
to avoid roads with puddles, but finding a road without at least one pothole is a tricky
task. If you really need to drive into one of them, try to measure the depth of the puddle
by looking at the water around the puddle.When other vehicles drive through the
puddles, observe and follow them. If you are aware of potholes and know that the
puddles are deeper than you want, then it is best to avoid them altogether. It is best to
assess whether the water in the puddle is above the threshold level. If it doesn’t, and
you decide to turn it off, always place your foot carefully on the throttle to prevent water
from entering the car’s exhaust pipe.

Common Highway Signs and Why They are Important

Highway signs serve a number of purposes. One purpose they serve is to alert drivers
to the speed limit for a particular roadway. They also help bring attention to detours,
construction work, and hazards, such as sharp turns and steep hills. These are just a
few of the many ways that highway signs reduce chaos on roads and highways.

Common Examples of Roadway Signs:

 ● Marker Signs- These signs include route markers, junction signs, cardinal
direction auxiliary signs, alternative route signs, advance turn auxiliaries, as well
as directional arrow auxiliaries
● Regulatory Signs- These signs include stop signs, yield signs, turn and lane use
signs, selective exclusion signs, parking regulation signs, traffic signal signs
(such as "No Turn on Red"), road closed signs, weigh station and truck route
signage, as well as railroad crossing signs
● Warning Signs- These signs include turn and curve warnings, intersection signs,
advance traffic control signs, merge and lane transition warnings, narrowed road
signs, divided highway warnings, hill warnings, low clearance signs, pedestrian
crossings, speed advisory signs, speed bump notices, as well as construction
related signage

Why are Highway Signs Important?

Highway signs are important because they help maintain safe driving conditions.
Without these signs, no one would know how fast to drive, what direction to drive down
a road, whether or not the roads being driven on have an upcoming hazard, or whether
they are approaching a merge. It would be pure chaos. Highway signs help reduce the
rate of car accidents, help ensure the safety of pedestrians, and help drivers know how
to communicate with other drivers in a non-verbal way that keeps us all safe.

If you are in need of stop signs, construction and work zone signage, hardware and
posts for signs, or pavement markings, look no further than Zumar Industries. With
almost 70 years of experience in their industry, they are a leader in the sign
manufacturing industry. Contact us today for more information on their product line, as
well as the plethora of services they offer.
Traffic signs are simply graphical representations that are easy to read and
understand. They communicate vital information about the road you are travelling
and the situation you are approaching. In this article, we will be going through
different types of traffic signals and a few examples.

Importance of traffic signs

Traffic signs help to maintain order and decrease accidents on the roads. almost

400 road accidents happen every day in India. Moreover, most of these accidents are
caused due to the carelessness of the drivers. Reading road signs and following the
rules can reduce the chaos on Indian roads to a great extent. Road signs, therefore,
play an important role in the daily life of all road users.

● Traffic signs help in reducing mishaps and accidents on the road.

● Traffic signs warn the driver about the condition of the road ahead.
● Navigation is made easier with signboards.
Mandatory traffic Signs

As you can guess from the name, you may receive a challan from the traffic police if
you violate these rules. These signs are put up to make sure that there is free
movement of vehicles and the road users are made aware of specific laws, such as
those on speed limits and prohibited parking areas.
Cautionary Signs

These road signs are necessary to inform road users of potential dangers or risks to
road safety. In fact, these signals are used to warn the driver to take the necessary
action or precaution to make him ready to face an oncoming situation.

Informatory Signs

Source: Bank bazaar

These are a type of traffic that are used to inform the commuters on the destination,
distances, fuel stations, nearby medical centres, public convenience, etc.

School Zone
Stop Sign

The driver has to bring his vehicle to a complete halt at areas with stop signs. Moreover, this makes it
easier for the kids to cross the roads from these spots. Always make sure to check for stop signs or
zebra crossing before crossing the roads.

School crossing signs

These signs are put up right outside the schools. Drivers have to make sure that the kids are given
priority here. In fact, they should only move forward after they are done crossing the road. This sign
can also be a warning, children often run across the road carelessly so always be cautious while
driving through school zones.

Slow- Children At Play Sign

This sign indicates the driver about children that might end up on a street from the nearby play-zones.
However, parents should make sure they educate their kids on road safety and to use the roads only
when needed.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Traffic Signals

Advantages of Traffic Signals

Advantages of traffic signals are as follows:

1. Traffic signals help for movement of traffic securely without any collision. 

2. They can reduce the number of accidents on roads like pedestrian accident and right-angle collision
of two cars.

3. Signals can increase the capacity of traffic handling at the intersection.

4. The traffic signals help for the safe movement of slow-moving traffic by interrupting heavy traffic at
regular intervals. 

5. The indications of the signals can be seen easily in foggy weather or at night time. Without
signalling system, it is very difficult to control traffic by the traffic policeman at night or in foggy
weather or on a rainy day.

6. Traffic control by signals is accurate and economical as compared to traffic police control.

7. Under favourable conditions, they provide for continuous motion of traffic along a specified path.

Disadvantages of Traffic Signals

Disadvantages of traffic signals are as follows:

1. They delay the traffic by stopping the vehicles at the intersection during peak hours.  

2. During signals breakdown, there are serious and wide-spread traffic difficulties during peak hours.

Acti v it y
 Test I: Word Formulations

Jumbled Words
Given are sets of jumbled words. These are words that you will encounter in this lesson. You are
going to arrange them one by one by placing your new-found word in the space provided.

Jumbled Words My New-found Word

APLOLTWSAY

AELTTUEORRNETA

CELNIAMLBGIN

WYRCONNEGRWRAUYCCNO

SNPOAIGTHCENTUTJI

TARRAEFMFAICCTENNEFMOERC

TNROAIFTFSIECGCNO

INNOTIETRAMTORDOAPLSTNRA

ENLOEICTTCREOLNLIOCCTLOL

TYWAOWLSASNEEREPX

TNHRRUETETPNOI

TKRCAEFNFEILCTBTO

MROETIORRRCA

LGANNIETSTPIL

BGNLOICCKAIRNBGDAN

Test II - Crossword Puzzle

Given are crossword puzzles.
These are words that you will encounter in this lesson. You are going to arrange them one by one vertically and horizontally
according to the given color with notations.
 413 2 5 4

8 9

11

5 6 6

3 8

10 12

1 11

2 7

10

a. Horizontal Arrangement
1. Regulatory Signs- These signs include stop signs, yield signs, turn and lane use
signs, selective exclusion signs, parking regulation signs, traffic signal signs (such
 as "No Turn on Red"), road closed signs, weigh station and truck route signage, as
well as railroad crossing signs
2. Marker Signs- These signs include route markers, junction signs, cardinal direction
auxiliary signs, alternative route signs, advance turn auxiliaries, as well as
directional arrow auxiliaries.
3. The standard sign shape intended exclusively for railroad crossing advance warning signs
4. The standard sign shape that denotes the guide signs, some warning signs, and some
temporary traffic control signs.
5. A cause of accident that is brought to natural calamity / disaster.
6.A cause of accident that is brought to the abuse of human behavior
7. A speed recommendation by a governing body.
8. A secondary type of road usually found in rural areas.
9. A lane restricted to buses, and sometimes certain other vehicles such as taxis.
10. A low-speed motorcycle with a step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.
11. A right turn made from the left lane (countries that drive on the left), or a left turn made from the
right lane (countries that drive on the right)

a. Vertical Arrangement

1. Warning Signs- These signs include turn and curve warnings, intersection signs,
advance traffic control signs, merge and lane transition warnings, narrowed road
signs, divided highway warnings, hill warnings, low clearance signs, pedestrian
crossings, speed advisory signs, speed bump notices, as well as construction
related signage
2. Leading causes of road accidents among young drivers
texting while driving. lack of experience, especially in poor road or weather
conditions. failure to use seatbelts. being distracted by other passengers.
3. The standard sign shape where it represents warning signs (permanent or temporary)
4. The standard sign shape that denotes the regulatory signs.
5. Refers to anything that can cause accident.
6. A car accident resulting to sleepiness, drowsiness, or downright exhaustion can impair a
driver’s ability to competently respond, react, or discern conditions on the road
.
7 A medically equipped vehicle which transports patients to treatment facilities, such as hospitals.
 8. A vehicle that is designated and authorized to respond to an emergency in a life-threatening
situation.
9. A system of toll collection where a driver attaches a transponder to his or her vehicle or where a
camera recognizes the vehicle registration plates. Tolls are charged automatically to the driver,
either by prepaid account or by regular billing, when the vehicle passes through a toll booth or
gantry.
10. A police unit or division charged with enforcing traffic laws on certain highways within a political
jurisdiction.
11. A graphical representation of a route number, which serves as navigational aid
12. A road vehicle designed to carry many passengers
13. A road surface marker used on roads, usually made with plastic, ceramic, thermoplastic paint or
occasionally metal, and come in a variety of shapes and colors.

Test III – Road signs and symbols (Essay)

Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. What are the common road signs and symbols here in the Philippines? Justify.

2. What are the common car accidents? Justify.

3. Cite a value of road signs and other symbols in Land Transportation Office that
without it can create serious problem