There are currently more than 50 registered cooperatives in Batangas City.

Countless
cooperatives have been established in various barangays, according to the
municipalities in District IV of Batangas. Cooperatives had established business activities that
aided the economic well-being of rural communities; however, only a few of these cooperatives
are still active and in operation, as others have been closed or dissolved. Records indicate that
the number of cooperatives has decreased, but those that are still in existence are still
doing business and are constantly looking for ways to improve. The business industry
has been impacted in most areas by the recent global health crisis, also known as
COVID-19. Businesses were forced to close, lay off employees, downsize, and even
declare bankruptcy. These issues were also faced by cooperatives, the majority of
which did not have to close but had to adjust their operations and priorities to meet the
needs of their community and, most importantly, their stakeholders. Some cooperatives
we've met shared that they're having trouble adapting to rapid changes of the market
caused by the happenings in our environment. The Zoe Credit Cooperative was one of
the cooperatives that shared their struggles with us; according to them, many changes
occurred in their operations not only externally but also internally during and after the
pandemic. The managers worked hard to adjust and restructured their strategy to
ensure that their cooperatives could still meet the needs of their clients as well as their
employees. Not only the cooperatives that have been in operation for many years
struggled, but also the cooperatives that were only recently established following the
pandemic, such as Batangas City Capitolio SM Transport (BCSMTSC), which is new to
the industry. They stated that they are still working on their strategies and their internal
operation in light of recent environmental changes.

This study will be conducted in order to determine how the cooperatives of Batangas

City coped with these new challenges presented by the changing market. How their
operations and internal factors were affected, and what problems arose from such
changes. The proponents of the study would then propose recommended solutions to
the challenges that may be used by these  cooperatives, to adapt to the requirements of
this new changing market.
BUSINESS ANA:

KARLEN:

GOOD AFTERNOON PO, SO FOR HROUP 4 ANG IDIDISSCUSS PO NAMIN IS

ABOUT SA REGRESSION ANALYSIS, KUNG PAANO GAWIN SA EXCEL, AT KUN G
ANO ANG PURPOSE NG REGRESSION.

BEFORE PO NAMIN ITURO ANG REGRESSION SA EXCEL MAY IDIDISCUSS PO

MUNA KAMI NA MGA TERMS, EQUATION NA INVLOVE SA REGRESSION PARA
HINDI KAYO MASYADO MALITO LATER.

RISSA:

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is used to estimate the relationships

between two or more variables: ITONG TWO VARIABLES TINATAWAG NA
DEPENDENT AT INDEPENDENT

Dependent variable (aka criterion variable) is the main factor you are trying to

understand and predict.

Independent variables (aka explanatory variables, or predictors) are the factors that

might influence the dependent variable.

Regression analysis helps you understand how the dependent variable changes when one of the
independent variables varies and allows to mathematically determine which of those variables really
has an impact.

In statistics, they differentiate between a simple and multiple linear regression.

 Simple linear regression models the relationship between a dependent variable and one
independent variables using a linear function.

If you use two or more explanatory variables to predict the dependent variable, you deal
with multiple linear regression.

IN SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION The relationship between two variables

can assume many forms, IT CAN BE LINEAR, NONLINEAR AND IT CAN BE NO RELATIONSHIP AT ALL.

LINEAR REGRESSION is a regression model that estimates the relationship between
one independent variable and one dependent variable using a straight line.
 If the dependent variable is modeled as a non-linear function because the data relationships do not
follow a straight line, PAG NAKITA NINYO NA GARTO ANFG ITSURA NG DATA, PACURVE NA
SIYA THEN IT MEANS  nonlinear regression SIYA.

NON LINEAR REGRESSION describeS a situation where there is not a straight-

line or direct relationship between an independent variable and a dependent
variable
WHILE ANF NO RELATIONSHIP

- In a population where there is no functional relationship between y and the x's, the
regression line will have a slope of zero. GARTO LANG ANG MAGIGING GRAPH
NIYA

ADRIAN:

NEXT BEFORE IPAKITA KUNG PAANO GINAGAWA ANG REGRESSION SA EXCEL

DISCUSS KO MUNA YUNG EQUATION NG REGRESSION PARA HINDI KAYO
MALITO MAMAYA.

SO FOR Linear regression equation

Mathematically, a linear regression is defined by this equation:

(BASHIN MO LANG ‘YAN AKO NA BAHAL MAGPAKITA SA SCREEN )

y = bx + a + ε

Where:

 x is an independent variable.

 y is a dependent variable.
 a is the Y-intercept, which is the expected mean value of y when all x variables are equal to 0 . On a
regression graph, it's the point where the line crosses the Y axis.
 b is the slope of a regression line, which is the rate of change for y as x changes.
 ε is the random error term, which is the difference between the actual value of a dependent variable and
its predicted value.

The linear regression equation always has an error term because, in real life, predictors
are never perfectly precise. However, some programs, including Excel, do the error
term calculation behind the scenes. So, in Excel, you do linear regression using
the least squares method and seek coefficients a and b 
BALE PAG DATING SA EXCEL GARTO NA ANG LANG EQUATION NIYA:

y = bx + a

SO PARA MALAMAN NINYO AT MAS MAUNAWAAN ANG PAG GAWA NG REGRESSION SA

EXCEL IPAPAKITA NI KARLEN AT RAIMAH KUNG PAANO GAWIN ANG LINEAR AT
NONLINEAR REGRESSION.

KARLEN:

FOR THE LINEAR REGRESSION:

WE HAVE AN EXAMPLE DATA HERE IT IS ABOUT THE INTEREST RATES AND HOME PRICES.
MERON TAYO DITONG INDEPENDENT VARIBALE WHICH IS ITONG X 30 YEARS MORTGAGE
INTEREST RATE and ang dependent ay itong y which is the medium home prices.

So FOR THE FIRST STEP:

PUNTA TAYO DOON SA INSERT THEN MAKIKITA NATIN ITONG MGA DIFFERENT
TYPLE OF CHARTS. (BANNGITIN BAWAST CHART) THEN BECAUSE
REGRESSION ANG IDIDISSCUSS NAMIN AND TO DETERMNE IF LINEAR
RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN THE VARIABLES, ANG CHART NA GINAGAMIT
AY ITONG SCATTER CHART THE REASON IS, IT CAN SHOW THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN VARIABLES VISUALLY.

SOOO CLICK LANG NATIN ITO THEN GANYAN LALABAS, THEN MAG IINPUT
NATIN ITONG MGA DATA NA, YUNG DEPENDENT AT INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
NATIN. DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS THE X WHILE ANF INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
AY Y. THEN TO INPUT DAATA SA GRAPH RIGHT CLICK LANG THEN LALABAS
MGA OPTION THEN CLICK NINYO ‘YUNG SELECT DATA. THEN AFTER KAPAG
NALAGAY NA NINYO ANG MGA DATA SA GRAPH. PWEDE MO IADJUST ITONG
SIDE NG Y AXIS AT X AXIS. DOUBLE CLICK NINYO LANG THEN MAY LALABAS
NG MGA OPTIONS DIYAN ABOUT SA AXIS. SET NINYO KUNG ANONG GUSTO
NINYONG MINIMUM. PARA DITO SA CHART NA ITO SINCE 150,000 YUNG PIINAKA
MINIMUM NA VALUE DITO. ANG ILALAGAY KO AY 1550,000 THEN ANG MAX AY
GAGAWIN KONG 350000, SO NAKIKITA NINYO NAMAN NA MEDYO NAGFOFORM
NA SIYA NG PARANG LINE DITO LIE NITONG IMAGE NG LINEAR. PWEDE RIN
MABAGO ITONG INTERVAL NG MGA VALUE SA Y AXIS, DITO ‘YUN SA UNITS
NABABAGO. SO SA X AXIS NAMAN DOUBLE CLICK LANG ULIT PARA IADJUST
YUNG MGA VALUE, THEN AFTER THAT LALAGYAN NA NATIN NG LINE KATULAD
NITONG NASA EXAMPLE. PARA MALAGYAN CLICK NINYO YANG GRAPH THEN
MAKIKITA NINYO SA TAAS ITONG ‘ADD CHART ELEMENT’ CLICK NINYO LANG
THEN FIND THE TRENDLINE, THEN SINCE LINEAR REGRESSION ANG
GINAGAWA NATIN CLICK NINYO LANG ‘YUNG LINEAR THEN LALABAS NA ‘YUNG
LINE. PARA MAS MAEMPHASIZE ‘YUNG LINE U CAN CHANGE IT INTO SOLID LINE
NAMAN. DOUBLE CLICK NINYO LANG ‘YUNG LINE THEN LALABAS NA ANG MGA
OPTION PUNTA KAYO SA FILL & LINE THEN CLICK NINYO LANG ITONG SOLID
LINE THEN U CAN CHANGE THE COLOR DIN.
THEN PARA MAKITA NINYO YUNG EQATION NITONG GRAPH PUNTA KAYO
DOON SA TREND LINE THEN SCROLL THEN CLICK NINYO ‘YUNG DISPLAY
EQUAATION AT DISPLAY R SQUARED AND THEN CHARAAN I MEAN AYAN NA
‘YUNG EQUATION. YAN YUNG SIMPLENG PAG AANO NG EQUATION.

IF NAMAN WALA NAKALAGAY FOR EXAMPLE SAINYO NA MGA DISPLAY

EQUATION GANERN. U CAN SOLVE NAMAN DITO SA EXCEL LIKE FOR THE
VALUE OF R - =correl mraning correlation(yung mga value ng x since ‘yun ‘yung array
1 then comma then value ng y which is the arry 2 ) then enter then yan na.then
bawasan lang natin ng decimal para hinadi masyado marami. If inisquared nin ito itong
0.3846 ang lalabas. Then for slope, =slope ( then yung value ng y cooma then value ng
x) then ‘yan same lang ng value dito slope ng equation na ito. For intercept naman, =
intercept ( value ulit ng comma value ng x) enter then ayan. Change lang natin into
dollar itong sa intercept.

So because of this graph makikita natin na this slope is telling us na for every increase
in the interest rate the actual price of the house will go down , wait change natin ito into
dollars para mas makita ninyo. So ‘yan every increase ng interest rate the price of the
house will go down by over 23 dollars, then itong intercept it tells us na if the interest
rate down here had been zero the price of the house would be above 393 thousand
dollar. So itong slope at intercept, these are really good pieces of information about
what is happening in your business. Then these r u can see that your business have a
somewhat strong relationship.

The process of creating nonlinear regression is same lang dindito sa linear which si
raimah ang mag eexplain sainyo.

RAIMAH

STEP 1: PUNTA TAYO DOON SA INSERT THEN MAKIKITA NATIN ITONG MGA
DIFFERENT TYPLE OF CHARTS. THEN SCATTER LANG ULIT GAGAMITIN.

STEP 2: THEN TO INPUT DATA LIKE NUNG GINAWA KO, RIGHT CLICK THEN
SELECT DATA, THEN HIGHLIGHT LANG YUNG BUONG DATA.

STEP 3: PARA MADJUST ITONG Y AXIS AT X AXIS DOUBLE CLICK LANG NINYO
PARA LUMABAS YUNG MGA OPTION, THEN LIKE NG GINAWA NI KARLEN
CHANGE NINYO LANG YUNG MAX AT MINIMUM IF WANT NINYO.
(ANG MINIMUM NG ILALAGAY MO 6000 THEN MAX IS 14000 SA Y AXIS ARI, SA X
AXIS AY 45 MINIMUM ANG MAX AY 185, THEN CHANGE MO ANG UNIT YUNG
MAJOR NG 20)

THEN SABIHIN MO LANG AS U CAN SEE SA ITSURA NG GRAPH NAGIGING

CURVE SIYA LIKE NG ITSURA DITO SA IMAGE NG LINEAR NA ITO (THEN
LALAGAY KO DOON SA PIC NG NON LINEAR)

STEP 4: AFTER NITO LALAGYAN NA NG TRENDLINE. SO CLICK LANG NNYO ULIT

YUNG ADD CHART ELEMENT THEN CLICK ‘YUNG TRENDLINE SO AS U CAN SEE
DIBA DAPAT CURVE YUNG SA NONLINEAR BUT DITO SA MGA TREND LINE NA
ITO WALANG CURVE NA LINE, SO CLICK LANG NINYO ‘YUNG MORE OPTIONS,
THEN HANAPIN NINYO YUNG KATULAD NG SA NONLINEAR NA CURVE, HERE
ANG NAKIKITA NATIN NA KATULAD AY ITONG SA LOGARITHMIC SO ITO ANG
GAGAMITIN NATIN. THEN CLICK NINYO NA DIN ‘YUNG SA DISPLAY EQUATION
AT R SQUARED.

STEP 5: AFTER THAT PARA NGA MAS MAEMPHASIZE NATIN ITONG LINE
PALTAN NATIN SOLID LINE THEN GAWIN NATING RED ANG COLOR.

FINAL:

STEVEN:

TO SUMMARIZE:

THE PURPOSE OF THE REGRESSION: In simple term, regression

analysis identifies the variables that have an impact on another variable.
The process of performing a regression allows you to confidently determine which
factors matter most, which factors can be ignored, and how these factors influence each
other.
The regression model is primarily used in finance, investing, and other areas
to determine the strength and character of the relationship between one
dependent variable and a series of other variables.

AND THE RELATIONSHIP between two variables can assume many forms SUCH AS THE LINEAR,
NON LINEAR AND NO RELATIONSHIP AT ALL.
Basically, a simple regression analysis is a statistical tool that is used in the quantification of
the relationship between a single independent variable and a single dependent variable based on
observations that have been carried out in the past. In layman’s interpretation, what this means is
that a simple linear regression analysis can be utilized in the demonstration of how a change in
the hours of an organization’s production machine (which is the independent variable) will
consequently result in a change in the organization’s electricity cost.